CN106005021B - Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems - Google Patents
Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems Download PDFInfo
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- CN106005021B CN106005021B CN201610529595.9A CN201610529595A CN106005021B CN 106005021 B CN106005021 B CN 106005021B CN 201610529595 A CN201610529595 A CN 201610529595A CN 106005021 B CN106005021 B CN 106005021B
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- absorbing
- crossbeam
- absorbing beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
- B62D21/15—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted having impact absorbing means, e.g. a frame designed to permanently or temporarily change shape or dimension upon impact with another body
- B62D21/152—Front or rear frames
- B62D21/155—Sub-frames or underguards
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
- Vibration Dampers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems, including crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam and driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron；Crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam includes energy-absorbing web and energy-absorbing beam outside plate, and light truck crossbeam is cut away at the crossbeam portion support anterior position that vehicle body suspends with crossbeam to preceding anticollision C-type beam opening position, is substituted with crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam；Crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam includes secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate, and crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam, preceding anticollision C-type beam surround right angled triangle；Using height from front to back, gradually cab floor longeron is located at portion envelops and the fixation of cab front panel to the front end energy-absorbing external girder plate of driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron by increased " u "-shaped board of variable section, front end energy-absorbing external girder plate.On the premise of outer moulding is not changed, do not increase front end energy-absorbing distance, the front end crash energy-absorbing effect of Non-carrying type light truck is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vehicle anticollision technical field, and in particular to a kind of front end crash in Non-carrying type light truck
Absorption systems.
Background technology
The GB11551-2014 newly corrected《Frontal crash of vehicles passenger protection》Regulation proposes first to light truck to be met
The requirement of head-on crash.For Non-carrying type light truck generally existing front end energy-absorbing in the market apart from short, energy-absorbing effect
The problem of difference and power bang path are single, meanwhile, the material thickness of the front longitudinal of most of light truck vehicle frame is larger, in collision process
In, front longitudinal is not susceptible to conquassation deformation and apparatus with shock absorbing, causes the vehicle extremely difficult by above regulation.But factory
Family is considered by outer moulding restriction and cost control faces, is unwilling to increase front end energy-absorbing distance, need to provide one kind before not increasing
On the premise of holding energy-absorbing distance, by redesigning the section shape and size of front longitudinal front end, and increase Path of Force Transfer, come
Improve energy-absorbing effect.
The content of the invention
The present invention is not on the premise of outer moulding is changed, do not increase front end energy-absorbing distance, there is provided one kind is exclusively used in non-bearing
The front end crash absorption systems of formula light truck.
Therefore, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems, including it is big
Beam front end energy-absorbing beam, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam and driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron；
The crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam includes energy-absorbing web and energy-absorbing beam outside plate, and light truck crossbeam is hanged from vehicle body and crossbeam
Cut away at the crossbeam portion support anterior position put to preceding anticollision C-type beam opening position, the front end of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam is with before
Anticollision C-type beam is connected, and rear end and the light truck crossbeam of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam are connected, it is achieved thereby that with crossbeam front end
Energy-absorbing beam substitutes the part that light truck crossbeam is cut, and is arranged at intervals along its length on energy-absorbing web and energy-absorbing beam outside plate
There are some crumple muscle extended up and down；
The crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam includes secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate, the secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and
Secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate surrounds the rectangular cross section of closing, and the rear end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam is connected and kept away with light truck crossbeam
Open crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam to set, front end and the preceding anticollision C-type beam of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam are connected, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing
Beam, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam, preceding anticollision C-type beam surround right angled triangle, the secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate
On be arranged at intervals with some crumple muscle extended up and down along its length；
The driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron includes front end energy-absorbing external girder plate, the front end energy-absorbing external girder plate use by
Gradually cab floor longeron is located at driver's cabin to front to back height by increased " u "-shaped board of variable section, front end energy-absorbing external girder plate
The portion envelops of front panel and fixation, it is arranged at intervals with along its length in the left and right sidewall of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate downward
Some crumple muscle stretched.
As the preferred of such scheme, the front end of the energy-absorbing web is provided with reduction hole, the front end of energy-absorbing beam outside plate
It is provided with reduction groove.Increase reduction hole and reduction groove, can weaken the leading section of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam, become in order beneficial to energy-absorbing
Shape, weakened deform energy-absorbing at hole and reduction groove location before this, then by the crumple muscle on the energy-absorbing beam of crossbeam front end from front to back successively
Energy-absorbing is deformed, further improves energy-absorbing effect.
More preferably, the horizontal stroke of the rectangular cross section that energy-absorbing web and energy-absorbing the beam outside plate surrounds and light truck crossbeam
Cross-sections match, in anticollision C-type beam and fixed before the front end insertion of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam, the rear end parcel of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam
It is outside light truck crossbeam and fixed.Ensure installation strength and property easy for installation.
More preferably, fixed, crossbeam front end pair in the rear end insertion light truck crossbeam of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam
In anticollision C-type beam and fixed before the front end insertion of energy-absorbing beam, the upper and lower both sides of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam front end are respectively welded
There is one piece of metal filled pad, the secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate are welded and fixed together.Due to light truck crossbeam
Depth of section under matched in the depth of section of preceding anticollision C-type beam, the rear end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam with light truck crossbeam, crossbeam
Gap just occurs between the front end of front end pair energy-absorbing beam and preceding anticollision C-type beam, is filled using metal filled pad, with true
Vibration will not be produced by protecting in vehicle travel process.
More preferably, the middle part of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam is pico- towards the direction away from crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam
Arch upward, energy-absorbing effect significantly increases.
More preferably, cab floor longeron is located at the portion of cab front panel by the front end energy-absorbing external girder plate
Divide and a portion of driver's cabin and the body portion support of crossbeam suspension is wrapped up and in overlapping regions using a solid welding
Fixed, convenient installation is fixed.
More preferably, the front end of the crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam is fixed using bolt with preceding anticollision C-type beam, before crossbeam
The rear end of end energy-absorbing beam is fixed using bolt with light truck crossbeam；Prevented using bolt with preceding the front end of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam
Hit C-type beam to fix, the front end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam is fixed using bolt with light truck crossbeam, and convenient installation is fixed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：Before setting up crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam, crossbeam in existing Non-carrying type light truck
Secondary energy-absorbing beam and driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron are held, is passed so as to change the section shape and size of front longitudinal front end and increase
Power path, realize on the premise of not changing the outer moulding of light truck, not increasing front end energy-absorbing distance, effective control cost, significantly carry
High energy-absorbing effect, it is ensured that Non-carrying type light truck meets the GB11551-2014 newly corrected《Frontal crash of vehicles passenger protection》
The head-on crash requirement of regulation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of energy-absorbing web and energy-absorbing beam outside plate in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate in Fig. 5.
1-energy-absorbing web, 2-energy-absorbing beam outside plate, 3-secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel, 4-secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate, 5-front end are inhaled
Can girder plate, 6-light truck crossbeam, 7-vehicle body and the crossbeam portion support of crossbeam suspension, 8-preceding anticollision C-type beam, 9-reductions
Hole, 10-crumple muscle, 11-cab floor longeron, 12-cab front panel, 13-reduction groove, 14-metal filled pad
Piece, 15-driver's cabin and the body portion support of crossbeam suspension.
Embodiment
By way of example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the invention will be further described：
A kind of Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems, mainly by crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A, Fig. 3 in Fig. 1
Driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron C compositions in crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B and Fig. 5.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A is mainly made up of energy-absorbing web 1, energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2.Energy-absorbing
Web 1, the thickness of energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2 are 2.0mm, material 340/590DP.To install crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A, first will
Light truck crossbeam 6 is cut away at the anterior position of crossbeam portion support 7 that vehicle body suspends with crossbeam to the preceding opening position of anticollision C-type beam 8,
Crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A front end is connected with preceding anticollision C-type beam 8, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A rear end and light truck crossbeam 6
It is connected, the part being cut is substituted with crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A.Preferably, energy-absorbing web 1 and energy-absorbing beam outside plate
2 rectangular cross sections surrounded match with the cross section of light truck crossbeam 6, anticollision C-type beam before crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A front end insertion
In 8 and fixed, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A rear end is wrapped in outside light truck crossbeam 6 and fixed.
It is arranged at intervals with some crumple muscle extended up and down along its length on energy-absorbing web 1 and energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2
10.Crumple muscle spacing is 30mm, groove width 10mm, high 5mm, and crumple muscle is disposed with beneficial to during collision deformation, energy-absorbing beam
Energy Folding Deformation, so as to abundant energy-absorbing.
The front end of energy-absorbing web 1 is provided with reduction hole 9, and the front end of energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2 is provided with reduction groove 13.Certainly,
The front end of energy-absorbing web 1 can also be used to be provided with reduction groove, the front end of energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2 is provided with reduction slotted eye, or its
It weakens the structure of intensity.It is 27.5mm to weaken the radius of hole 9, you can reduction energy-absorbing beam front end, deformed beneficial to energy-absorbing beam order,
It is easy to the installation of bolt, reduction groove width is 12mm.Increase weakens hole and reduction groove to weaken crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A front end
Portion, deformed in order beneficial to energy-absorbing, weaken deform energy-absorbing at hole and reduction groove location before this, then by the energy-absorbing beam of crossbeam front end
Crumple muscle deforms energy-absorbing successively from front to back.
Preferably, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A front end is fixed using bolt with preceding anticollision C-type beam 8, crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam
A rear end is fixed using bolt with light truck crossbeam 6.Energy-absorbing web 1 and energy-absorbing beam outside plate 2 by flanging welded together with.
With reference to shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B is mainly by secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel 3 and secondary 4 groups of energy-absorbing beam outside plate
Into.The thickness of secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel 3 and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate 4 is 1.5mm, material B280VK.Secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel 3 and pair
Energy-absorbing beam outside plate 4 surrounds the rectangular cross section of closing, and crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B rear end and light truck crossbeam 6 are connected simultaneously
Crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A settings are avoided, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B front end is connected with preceding anticollision C-type beam 8, before crossbeam
End energy-absorbing beam A, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B, preceding anticollision C-type beam 8 surround right angled triangle, secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel 3 and secondary energy-absorbing
Some crumple muscle 10 extended up and down are arranged at intervals with beam outside plate 4 along its length.The spacing of crumple muscle 10 is 30mm, groove width
10mm, high 5mm, ensure secondary energy-absorbing beam energy Folding Deformation, so as to abundant energy-absorbing.
Preferably, it is fixed in crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B rear end insertion light truck crossbeam 6, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B's
It is in anticollision C-type beam 8 and fixed before the insertion of front end；The upper and lower both sides of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B front ends are respectively welded with one block of metal
Joint sheet 14, secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel 3 and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate 4 are welded and fixed together.Due to the depth of section of light truck crossbeam
Under matched in the depth of section of preceding anticollision C-type beam, the rear end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam with light truck crossbeam, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing
Gap just occurs between the front end of beam and preceding anticollision C-type beam, is filled using metal filled pad, to ensure that vehicle travels
During will not produce vibration.
In addition, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B front end is fixed using bolt with preceding anticollision C-type beam 8, crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing
Beam B front end is fixed using bolt with light truck crossbeam 6, and convenient installation is fixed.Crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam B middle part is preferably towards remote
Direction from crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam A is arched upward slightly, and energy-absorbing effect significantly increases.
With reference to shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron C is mainly made up of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5.Inhale front end
Can girder plate 5 using the gradual increased " u "-shaped board of variable section of height from front to back, front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5 is by driver's cabin
Longitudinal floor beam 11 is located at the portion envelops of cab front panel 12 and fixation, edge in the left and right sidewall of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5
Length direction is arranged at intervals with some crumple muscle 10 extended up and down.Preferably, front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5 is by cab floor
Longeron 11 is located at wherein one of the part of cab front panel 12 and the body portion support 15 of driver's cabin and crossbeam suspension
Subpackage is wrapped up in and fixed in overlapping regions using spot welding, and convenient installation is fixed.The front end of cab floor longeron 11 is (positioned at driving
Part before the body portion support 15 of room and crossbeam suspension) and the thickness of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5 be 1.5mm, driving
The material of room longitudinal floor beam 11 is DC03, and the material of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5 is B280VK.The section of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5
The highest and extreme lower position difference in height of height are 30mm, and beam section length distance is 260mm.Crumple muscle spacing is 40mm, groove width
For 15mm, high 3mm.The top of the left and right sidewall of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate 5 uses non-turnup structure, it is ensured that front end energy-absorbing longeron
Outside plate 5 fully contacts with cab floor longeron 11, improves energy absorbing efficiency.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems, it is characterised in that：Including crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A), crossbeam Front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) and driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron (C)；The crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) includes energy-absorbing web (1) and energy-absorbing beam outside plate (2), by light truck crossbeam (6) from vehicle body With being cut away at crossbeam portion support (7) anterior position of crossbeam suspension to preceding anticollision C-type beam (8) opening position, crossbeam front end is inhaled The front end of energy beam (A) is connected with preceding anticollision C-type beam (8), and rear end and the light truck crossbeam (6) of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) connect Fixation is connect, it is achieved thereby that the part being cut with crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) replacement light truck crossbeam (6), in the energy-absorbing soffit of girder Some crumple muscle (10) extended up and down are arranged at intervals with plate (1) and energy-absorbing beam outside plate (2) along its length；The crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) includes secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel (3) and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate (4), the secondary energy-absorbing beam Inner panel (3) and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate (4) surround the rectangular cross section of closing, the rear end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) and light truck Crossbeam (6) is connected and avoids crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) and sets, the front end of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) and preceding anticollision C Type beam (8) is connected, and crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A), crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B), preceding anticollision C-type beam (8) surround right angle Triangle, the secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel (3) and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate (4) if on be arranged at intervals with what is extended up and down along its length Dry crumple muscle (10)；The driver's cabin front end energy-absorbing longeron (C) includes front end energy-absorbing external girder plate (5), the front end energy-absorbing external girder plate (5) Using the gradual increased " u "-shaped board of variable section of height from front to back, front end energy-absorbing external girder plate (5) is by cab floor longeron (11) portion envelops positioned at cab front panel (12) and fixation, along length in the left and right sidewall of front end energy-absorbing external girder plate (5) Degree direction is arranged at intervals with some crumple muscle (10) extended up and down；The front end of the energy-absorbing web (1) is provided with reduction hole (9), and the front end of energy-absorbing beam outside plate (2) is provided with reduction groove (13)；The cross section of the rectangular cross section that the energy-absorbing web (1) and energy-absorbing beam outside plate (2) surround and light truck crossbeam (6) Match somebody with somebody, in anticollision C-type beam (8) and fixed, the rear end of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) before the front end insertion of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) It is outside and fixed to be wrapped in light truck crossbeam (6)；It is fixed in the rear end insertion light truck crossbeam (6) of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B), crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) In anticollision C-type beam (8) and fixed before the insertion of front end, the upper and lower both sides of crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) front end are respectively welded with One piece of metal filled pad (14), the secondary energy-absorbing beam inner panel (3) and secondary energy-absorbing beam outside plate (4) are welded and fixed together.
- 2. according to the Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The crossbeam front end Arched upward slightly towards the direction away from crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) at the middle part of secondary energy-absorbing beam (B).
- 3. according to the Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The front end energy-absorbing Cab floor longeron (11) is located at girder plate (5) into the part of cab front panel (12) and driver's cabin suspends with crossbeam Body portion support (15) a portion wrap up and fixed in overlapping regions using spot welding.
- 4. according to the Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The crossbeam front end The front end of energy-absorbing beam (A) is fixed using bolt and preceding anticollision C-type beam (8), the rear end of crossbeam front end energy-absorbing beam (A) using bolt with Light truck crossbeam (6) is fixed；The front end of the crossbeam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) is fixed with preceding anticollision C-type beam (8) using bolt, greatly The front end of beam front end pair energy-absorbing beam (B) is fixed with light truck crossbeam (6) using bolt.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610529595.9A CN106005021B (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2016-07-07 | Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610529595.9A CN106005021B (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2016-07-07 | Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106005021A CN106005021A (en) | 2016-10-12 |
| CN106005021B true CN106005021B (en) | 2018-01-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201610529595.9A Active CN106005021B (en) | 2016-07-07 | 2016-07-07 | Non-carrying type light truck front end crash absorption systems |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110040051A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-23 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of military vehicle lightning protection lower limb protective device |
| CN109895872A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-18 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of military vehicle flexibility lightning protection floor |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008132831A (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-12 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Front part structure for vehicle |
| CN201427605Y (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-03-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Automobile body collision energy absorption structure |
| CN204821718U (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Car longitudinal beams , sub vehicle frame assembly and car |
| CN205890986U (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2017-01-18 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Front end collision energy absorber is gently blocked to non - formula of bearing |
-
2016
- 2016-07-07 CN CN201610529595.9A patent/CN106005021B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008132831A (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-06-12 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | Front part structure for vehicle |
| CN201427605Y (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-03-24 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Automobile body collision energy absorption structure |
| CN204821718U (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Car longitudinal beams , sub vehicle frame assembly and car |
| CN205890986U (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2017-01-18 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Front end collision energy absorber is gently blocked to non - formula of bearing |
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| CN106005021A (en) | 2016-10-12 |
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