CN106000391B - A kind of small sized metallic oxidate nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of small sized metallic oxidate nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN106000391B
CN106000391B CN201610333753.3A CN201610333753A CN106000391B CN 106000391 B CN106000391 B CN 106000391B CN 201610333753 A CN201610333753 A CN 201610333753A CN 106000391 B CN106000391 B CN 106000391B
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mesoporous sio
metal oxide
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CN106000391A (en
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王加升
武文佩
包明
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Dalian University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/28Molybdenum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/16Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
    • B01J23/24Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • B01J23/30Tungsten
    • B01J35/61
    • B01J35/63
    • B01J35/647
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G27/00Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation

Abstract

The invention belongs to field of nano material preparation, and in particular to a kind of small sized metallic oxidate nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite and its synthetic method.The mesoporous SiO2The grain size of nanosphere carrier is 5~30nm, and aperture is 2~5nm;The metal oxide nano cluster is MoO3Or WO3, grain size is 0.1~2nm.Synthesis is using reverse microemulsion process.Small sized metallic oxidate nano cluster/mesoporous SiO is prepared using the method for the invention2Composite material, simple for process, economical, safety, metal oxide nano cluster is highly dispersed at the mesoporous SiO of carrier2On, and the size of metal oxide nano cluster and carrier mesoporous silicon oxide, morphology controllable, there is excellent catalytic performance.

Description

A kind of small sized metallic oxidate nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite and its system Preparation Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to nano material preparation and heterogeneous catalysis technical fields, are related to a kind of MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2And WO3/ Mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite and its synthetic method are related specifically to prepare MoO using reverse micro emulsion as reaction system3/ be situated between Hole SiO2And WO3/ mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
Background technology
Mesoporous silicon oxide is a kind of nontoxic material, since it has higher chemical stability and biocompatibility, And huge specific surface area and uniform adjustable duct, be a kind of carrier of good properties, catalysis, separation, absorption and It plays an important role in terms of medicament transport.Therefore, high specific area is prepared, the mesoporous silicon oxide of high pore volume becomes grinding for scholars Study carefully hot spot, a variety of preparation methods have been developed at present.
The nineties in 19th century, Exxon Mobil companies with liquid crystal templated principle (J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1992, 114,10843;Nature., 1992,359,710), using surfactant as the template for preparing mesoporous silicon oxide, using water Hot method reacts 48h in 150 DEG C of autoclave, is successfully prepared 2~8nm of aperture, 0.7~1.2cm of pore volume3g-1Orderly Jie Porous molecular sieve MCM-41.Henceforth, nano material is prepared as template with surfactant and just become one important grind Study carefully field.
At present, the preparation method that researchers use, often grain size is big, pore volume is smaller for obtained mesoporous silicon oxide, And time-consuming for preparation process, complex process, and energy consumption is big.For example, 1998, Klaus et al. uses co-hydrolysis, by octadecane Base trimethoxy silane and alkylamine have obtained grain size in 0.1~2 μm, 2~6nm of aperture, pore volume only exists as pore-foaming agent 0.1~0.8cm3g-1The mesoporous silicon oxide (Supramolecular Science, 1998,5,253) of range.2015, Kuroda et al. hydrocolloid technics, using methyl orthosilicate as silicon source, tri-isopropyl benzene is reacted as additive at 80 DEG C The mesoporous silicon oxide that grain size is 20nm has been prepared in 12h, and 5~8nm of aperture, this preparation method reaction time is long, process Complex (Nanoscale, 2015,7,19557).
It is based on more than research conditions, this patent is intended to relatively simple, economic preparation method, and it is small to prepare grain size, has Mesoporous presence, and high specific area, the earth silicon material of high pore volume, and by metal oxide (MoO3、WO3) as activity Component is supported on mesoporous silicon oxide so that MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2、 WO3/ mesoporous SiO2As heterogeneous catalysis and use During the oxidation sweetening of oil product.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nano combined material Material and preparation method thereof, the preparation method is mildly simple, by metal oxide (MoO3、WO3) load on mesoporous silicon oxide, Obtained composite material can be used in heterogeneous catalysis, it is particularly possible to the sulfur-containing compound in efficient removing fuel oil.
The technical scheme is that:
A kind of metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite, including small-size meso-porous SiO2Nanosphere carrier With the metal oxide nano cluster being highly dispersed on carrier;The mesoporous SiO2The grain size of nanosphere carrier is 5~30nm, Aperture is 2~5nm;The metal oxide nano cluster is MoO3Or WO3, grain size is 0.1~2nm.
A kind of above-mentioned metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2The preparation method of nanocomposite, includes the following steps:
(1) it is 3~6 in molar ratio by cosurfactant and surfactant:1 adds in the mixing of organic hydrocarbon and ammonium hydroxide In solvent, wherein the molar ratio of organic hydrocarbon and surfactant is 10~18:1, mole of ammonia spirit and surfactant Than being 3~6:1;It is stirred under the conditions of 25~45 DEG C to forming transparent clear solution.
The surfactant is cationic surface active agent hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), hexadecane One kind in base trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB);The cosurfactant is the alcohols of carbon chain lengths 4~6, including positive fourth One kind in alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexanol;The organic hydrocarbon is alkane of the carbon chain lengths 5~8, including positive penta One kind in alkane, n-hexane, hexamethylene, normal heptane, normal octane, isooctane;The ammonium hydroxide mass fraction is 25~28%.
(2) molybdenum source or tungsten source are added in into the transparent clear solution obtained by step (1), is stirred evenly, above-mentioned temperature is protected It holds constant, reaction mixture is obtained after 0.5h;The molybdenum source be ammonium molybdate aqueous solution, a concentration of 0.05mol/L~ 0.25mol/L;The tungsten source be ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution, a concentration of 0.05mol/L~0.3mol/L.
(3) by pore-foaming agent and silicon source in molar ratio 1:4~40 add in the reaction mixture obtained by step (2), wherein, Silicon source mole dosage is 0.01~0.5 times of above-mentioned steps (1) ammonia spirit mole dosage, and above-mentioned temperature remains unchanged, stirring 1~4h of reaction obtains reaction solution.The silicon source is ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and pore-foaming agent is octadecyl trimethoxysilane (C18TMS)。
(4) isopropanol is added in into the reaction solution that step (3) obtains, organic hydrocarbon in the volume and reverse micro emulsion of isopropanol The volume of class is equal, and ultrasound, centrifugation obtain solid.It is dry at 80~120 DEG C after obtained solid ethyl alcohol or isopropanol wash Solid is finally placed the roasting of tube furnace high temperature by 8~12h, and it is 15~40mL/min's that flow is passed through in entire roasting process Air, with the rate of 1~10 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 30~60min of roasting at 250 DEG C, then with 1~5 DEG C/min's 1~4h is roasted when rate program is warming up to 300~600 DEG C and obtains metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) MoO is prepared using the method for the invention3/ mesoporous SiO2And WO3/ mesoporous SiO2Composite material, technique letter It is single, economical, safety.Using cationic surfactant, organic phase is ammonium hydroxide for organic hydrocarbons, water phases such as hexamethylene, n-hexanes Solution, cosurfactant are n-butanol, n-amyl alcohol etc., form reverse micro emulsion.By the concentration, the gold that adjust surfactant Belong to total Water and surface-active in the concentration, dosage and system of oxide precursor (ammonium molybdate solution or ammonium metatungstate solution) The ratio of agent dosage, the dosage of pore-foaming agent, size, the grain size of carrier that can effectively regulate and control metal oxide nano cluster are big Small, nanocomposite aperture regulates and controls the property of composite material.
2) MoO is prepared using the method for the invention3/ mesoporous SiO2And WO3/ mesoporous SiO2Composite material, metal oxidation Object nano-cluster (MoO3、WO3) it is highly dispersed at mesoporous SiO2
3) MoO is prepared using the method for the invention3/ mesoporous SiO2And WO3/ mesoporous SiO2Composite material, size is small, Aperture is relatively large, and pore volume is high, large specific surface area.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is the MoO that embodiment 2 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The nitrogen adsorption of composite material-desorption curve figure;
Fig. 1 (b) is the MoO that embodiment 2 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The corresponding graph of pore diameter distribution of composite material;
Fig. 2 (a) is the MoO that embodiment 4 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The TEM image of composite material;
Fig. 2 (b) is the MoO that embodiment 4 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The HRTEM images of composite material;
Fig. 3 (a) is the WO that embodiment 5 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The TEM image of composite material;
Fig. 3 (b) is the WO that embodiment 5 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The HRTEM images of composite material;
Fig. 4 (a) is the MoO that embodiment 4 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The oxidation sweetening of catalysis simulation oil product, dibenzo thiophene The curve that the conversion ratio of fen changes with catalyst amount;
Fig. 4 (b) is the WO being prepared according to embodiment 53/ mesoporous SiO2The oxidation sweetening of catalysis simulation oil product, dibenzo The curve that the conversion ratio of thiophene changes with oxidizer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail with reference to embodiment, certain present invention is not limited in these specific implementations Example.
Embodiment 1
The cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 11mL hexamethylenes, 3mL n-butanols, 0.6mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask, 3min is stirred at 25 DEG C, adds 50 μ L ammonium molybdates (0.05mol/L ammonium molybdate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.0.08mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl trimethoxy Base silane so that octadecyl trimethoxysilane:Ethyl orthosilicate molar ratio is 1:4, react 2h.After reaction, it adds in Isopropanol then by ultrasound, centrifuges, and washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtains target product.Roasting process is specially: The air that flow is 20mL/min is passed through in entire roasting process, with the rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C When roast 30min, then roasting 4h obtains MoO when being warming up to 300 DEG C with the rate program of 2 DEG C/min3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2It receives Nano composite material.
Embodiment 2
The cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 17mL hexamethylenes, 5mL n-butanols, 0.8mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask.3min is stirred at 35 DEG C, adds 50 μ L ammonium molybdates (0.1mol/L ammonium molybdate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.1.8mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl Silane so that C18TMS is 1 with TEOS molar ratios:4, react 2h.After reaction, isopropanol is added in, then by ultrasonic, from The heart, washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtain target product.Roasting process is specially:Flow is passed through in entire roasting process For the air of 30 mL/min, with the rate of 10 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 40min, then with 5 DEG C/ 2h is roasted when the rate program of min is warming up to 500 DEG C and obtains MoO3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
Fig. 1 (a) is the MoO that embodiment 2 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The nitrogen adsorption of composite material-desorption curve figure, figure 1 (b) is the MoO that embodiment 2 is prepared3/ mesoporous SiO2The corresponding graph of pore diameter distribution of composite material, according to IUPAC to absorption The classification of desorption curve, MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2The adsorption/desorption curve of composite material belongs to Section IV class, there is lag loop.In nitrogen Adsorb starting stage, MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2Mono layer adsorption occurs for composite material surface;Adsorbance is with relative pressure (P/ later P0) increase and rise, show containing a certain amount of micropore;Then adsorption curve no longer overlaps, and adsorption desorption hysteresis loop occurs, Illustrate capillary condensation phenomenon, prepare in material containing a large amount of mesoporous;Work as P/P0During close to 1, polymolecular has occurred in hole Layer absorption.
Embodiment 3
The cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 19mL hexamethylenes, 5.5mL n-butanols, 1mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask, 3min is stirred at 45 DEG C, adds 50 μ L ammonium molybdates (0.2mol/L ammonium molybdate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.6mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl silicon Alkane so that octadecyl trimethoxysilane:Ethyl orthosilicate molar ratio is 1:40, react 2h.After reaction, isopropyl is added in Alcohol then by ultrasound, centrifuges, and washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtains target product.Roasting process is specially:Entirely The air that flow is 40mL/min is passed through in roasting process, with the rate of 2 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 50min, then roasting 2h obtains MoO when being warming up to 380 DEG C with the rate program of 1 DEG C/min3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2It is nano combined Material.
Embodiment 4
The cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 17mL hexamethylenes, 5mL n-butanols, 0.8mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask.3min is stirred at 35 DEG C, adds 50 μ L ammonium molybdates (0.1mol/L ammonium molybdate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.1.8mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl Silane so that C18TMS is 1 with TEOS molar ratios:30, react 2h.After reaction, isopropanol is added in, then by ultrasonic, from The heart, washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtain target product.Roasting process is specially:Flow is passed through in entire roasting process For the air of 15 mL/min, with the rate of 8 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 60min, then with 3 DEG C/min Rate program when being warming up to 550 DEG C roasting 1.5h obtain MoO3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
By target product for the oxidation sweetening of catalysis simulation oil product.
The dibenzothiophenes (DBT) for weighing 50mg is dissolved in the decahydronaphthalene of 100mL, and sulfur-containing compound dibenzo thiophene is configured The simulation oil product of a concentration of 500ppm of fen;The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) for weighing 75.2mg is dissolved in the decahydronaphthalene of 100mL In so that the molar ratio of DBT and TBHP is 1 in two kinds of solution of unit volume:2.
The simulation oil product of 2mL is taken to be placed in reaction tube, is placed in 50 DEG C of water-bath, weighs the target product of certain mass MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2It is added in reaction system, after quick stirring 10min, adds in the TBHP of 2mL.Continue to stir, react 2h.
After reaction, with the conversion ratio of gas phase process detection dibenzothiophenes.
Fig. 2 (a) is the TEM image of target product, and Fig. 2 (b) is the HRTEM images of target product.By Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) as it can be seen that MoO3/ mesoporous SiO2Composite material grain size is about 15-20nm, spherical in shape, and pattern is uniform, and MoO3Nano-cluster is very It is small, and high degree of dispersion is in the carrier.Fig. 4 (a) is the oxidation sweetening of application target product catalysis simulation oil product, dibenzothiophenes The curve that conversion ratio changes with catalyst amount, by Fig. 4 (a) as it can be seen that the conversion ratio of dibenzothiophenes is with catalyst amount Increase and increase, when being not added with catalyst, reaction almost without, when adding in a small amount of catalyst, reaction can quickly into Row, and maximum conversion rate is up to 99%.
Embodiment 5
The cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium bromide of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 17mL hexamethylenes, 5mL n-butanols, 0.8mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask, 3min is stirred at 35 DEG C, adds 100 μ L ammonium metatungstates (0.1mol/L ammonium metatungstate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.1.8 mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl trimethoxy Base silane so that octadecyl trimethoxysilane:Ethyl orthosilicate molar ratio is 1:20, react 2h.After reaction, it adds in Isopropanol then by ultrasound, centrifuges, and washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtains target product.Lead in entire roasting process Inbound traffics are the air of 35mL/min, and with the rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 45min, then with 2 DEG C/rate program of min when being warming up to 600 DEG C roasting 1h obtain WO3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
By target product for the oxidation sweetening of catalysis simulation oil product.
The dibenzothiophenes (DBT) for weighing 50mg is dissolved in the decahydronaphthalene of 100mL, and sulfur-containing compound dibenzo thiophene is configured The simulation oil product of a concentration of 500ppm of fen;The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) for weighing 75.2mg is dissolved in the decahydronaphthalene of 100mL In so that the molar ratio of DBT and TBHP is 1 in two kinds of solution of unit volume:2.
The simulation oil product of 2mL is taken to be placed in reaction tube, is placed in 50 DEG C of water-bath, weighs the target product of certain mass WO3/ mesoporous SiO2It is added in reaction system, after quick stirring 10min, adds in the TBHP of 2mL.Continue to stir, react 2h.
After reaction, with the conversion ratio of gas phase process detection dibenzothiophenes.
Fig. 3 (a) is the TEM image of target product, by Fig. 3 (a) as it can be seen that WO3/ mesoporous SiO2Composite material grain size is about 10- 15nm, nanocomposite is smaller, and spherical in shape, and pattern is uniform;Fig. 3 (b) is the HRTEM images of target product, by scheming 3 (b) is as it can be seen that WO3Nanocluster size is dispersed in carrier S iO near 1.5nm2In.Fig. 4 (b) is produced for application target The oxidation sweetening of product catalysis simulation oil product, the curve that the conversion ratio of dibenzothiophenes changes with oxidizer, by Fig. 4 (b) As it can be seen that the conversion ratio of dibenzothiophenes increases with the increase of oxidizer, when being not added with catalyst or oxidant, instead It should be almost without when adding in catalyst and carrying out the oxidation sweetening of simulation oil product, the high conversion rate of dibenzothiophenes is up to 98%.
Embodiment 6
The cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride of 0.01mol is taken to be added in flask, then again to 17mL hexamethylenes, 5mL n-butanols, 0.8mL ammonium hydroxide are added in flask, 3min is stirred at 45 DEG C, adds 100 μ L ammonium metatungstates (0.2mol/L ammonium metatungstate aqueous solutions) continues to stir 40min.1.8 mL ethyl orthosilicates are measured, add in octadecyl trimethoxy Base silane so that octadecyl trimethoxysilane:Ethyl orthosilicate molar ratio is 1:40, react 2h.After reaction, it adds in Isopropanol then by ultrasound, centrifuges, and washing, roasting process, natural cooling obtains target product.Lead in entire roasting process Inbound traffics are the air of 20mL/min, and with the rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 50min, then with 5 DEG C/rate program of min when being warming up to 550 DEG C roasting 1h obtain WO3Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2The preparation method of nanocomposite, the metal oxide nano cluster/ Mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite includes small-size meso-porous SiO2Nanosphere carrier and the metal oxide being highly dispersed on carrier Nano-cluster;The mesoporous SiO2The grain size of nanosphere carrier is 5~30nm, and aperture is 2~5nm;The metal oxide Nano-cluster is MoO3Or WO3, grain size is 0.1~2nm;
The metal oxide nano cluster/mesoporous SiO2The preparation method of nanocomposite, which is characterized in that including as follows Step:
(1) it is 3~6 in molar ratio by cosurfactant and surfactant:1 adds in the mixed solvent of organic hydrocarbon and ammonium hydroxide In, it is stirred under the conditions of 25~45 DEG C to forming transparent clear solution;
The organic hydrocarbon and the molar ratio of surfactant are 10~18:1;Ammonia and surface-active in the ammonium hydroxide The molar ratio of agent is 3~6:1;The ammonium hydroxide mass fraction is 25~28%;
(2) molybdenum source or tungsten source are added in into the transparent clear solution obtained by step (1), stirs evenly, is reacted after 0.5h Mixed liquor;The molybdenum source be 0.05mol/L~0.25mol/L ammonium molybdate aqueous solution, the tungsten source for 0.05mol/L~ The ammonium metatungstate aqueous solution of 0.3mol/L;
(3) by pore-foaming agent and silicon source in molar ratio 1:4~40 add in the reaction mixture obtained by step (2), wherein, silicon source Mole dosage is 0.01~0.5 times of the ammonia mole dosage in step (1) ammonium hydroxide, and above-mentioned temperature remains unchanged, and is stirred to react 1 ~4h obtains reaction solution;The silicon source is ethyl orthosilicate TEOS, and pore-foaming agent is octadecyl trimethoxysilane C18TMS;
(4) isopropanol, the volume of isopropanol and the volume of step (1) organic hydrocarbon are added in into the reaction solution that step (3) obtains Equal, ultrasound, centrifugation obtain solid;Obtained solid washed with detergent, dry after, solid high-temperature is roasted, was entirely roasted The air that flow is 15~40mL/min is passed through in journey, with the rate of 1~10 DEG C/min from room temperature temperature programming to 250 DEG C when roasts 1~4h of roasting obtains metal oxide when burning 30~60min, then being warming up to 300~600 DEG C with the rate program of 1~5 DEG C/min Nano-cluster/mesoporous SiO2Nanocomposite.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that surfactant described in step (1) for sun from One kind in subtype surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride CTAC, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide CTAB.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the cosurfactant described in step (1) is The alcohols of carbon chain lengths 4~6, including one kind in n-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, n-hexyl alcohol, cyclohexanol.
4. preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the organic hydrocarbon described in step (1) is carbon chain length The alkane 5~8 is spent, including one kind in pentane, n-hexane, hexamethylene, normal heptane, normal octane, isooctane.
5. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the organic hydrocarbon described in step (1) is carbon chain lengths In 5~8 alkane, including one kind in pentane, n-hexane, hexamethylene, normal heptane, normal octane, isooctane.
6. according to the preparation method described in claims 1 or 2 or 5, which is characterized in that the detergent described in step (4) is ethyl alcohol Or isopropanol.
7. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the detergent described in step (4) is ethyl alcohol or isopropyl Alcohol.
8. according to claims 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or the preparation method, which is characterized in that the dry temperature described in step (4) It is 80~120 DEG C to spend, and drying time is 8~12h.
9. according to claim 6 or the preparation method, which is characterized in that drying temperature described in step (4) for 80~ 120 DEG C, drying time is 8~12h.
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