CN105994982A - Silage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105994982A CN105994982A CN201610333060.4A CN201610333060A CN105994982A CN 105994982 A CN105994982 A CN 105994982A CN 201610333060 A CN201610333060 A CN 201610333060A CN 105994982 A CN105994982 A CN 105994982A
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- stem
- bulbus allii
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- allii cepae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of silage. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: (1) collection and arrangement of raw materials: a, whole-plant corn in a wax yellow period is harvested, or after maize is picked, corn straw with a part of green leaves is harvested for standby use; b, waste onion stem leaves and tubers obtained after onions are collected and harvested for standby use; (2) cutting-up; (3) filling into pits; (4) compaction; (5) sealing and soil covering; (6) obtaining of the silage prepared from the corn straw and the onion stem leaves after 40-60 days. The silage can be used for feeding the ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, deer and the like. The silage contains rich nutrition, the flavor is improved, added onions can promote digestion and absorption of the stomach and intestines of the animals, and the silage digestion and utilization rate of the animals is increased. The situation that a large quantity of manpower and material resources are invested for stem leaf airing and storage and water spraying onto the corn straw after the maize is picked is avoided, the manufacturing cost of feed is reduced, the corn straw and the stem leaves of the onions are fully used, and the additional value of the corn and the onions is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of with corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf ensilage as raw material and preparation method thereof, belong to crops and add
Work utilizes the fodder grass modulation aspect of technical field.
Background technology
The at present feedstuff ensiling of northern China most area, is all with dark green whole-plant corn or the corn straw after plucking seed
For raw material, by series link, Processing farage becomes ensilage to feed the ruminant domestic animals such as cattle and sheep.Common feedstuff Sativa Silage Technology,
Only with corn straw or Herb viridescent Semen Maydis as raw material, then it is properly added or without the nutrition regulating agent such as Sal, yeast powder,
Form through anaerobic fermentation, there is the weak points such as nutrition is single, cost of manufacture is high.
Bulbus Allii Cepae, another name ball Herba Alii fistulosi, onion, Onion, onion, Holland Herba Alii fistulosi, skin serratd edge etc., Liliaceae, Allium biennial herb are planted
Thing.Bulbus Allii Cepae is warm in nature, acrid-sweet flavor, have sterilization, eliminate the phlegm, diuresis, stomach-invigorating intestine-moisturizing, the function such as removing toxic substances parasite killing；Bulbus Allii Cepae can improve stomach
Intestinal tension force, increases digestive secretion, can facilitating digestion, can be used for treating in dyspepsia, inappetence, food stagnation diseases such as stopping；
Bulbus Allii Cepae has reducing blood pressure and blood fat effect；Bulbus Allii Cepae contributes to increasing bone density, prevents osteoporosis.
At present, Bulbus Allii Cepae has obtained substantial amounts of cultivation in China, and its results time is basically identical with the ensiling time of Semen Maydis.But warp
Ji added value is low, and after results Bulbus Allii Cepae, the Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf etc. of residual can not be effectively utilized, and recycles difficulty, gives cultivation
Person brings many inconvenience.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of with corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf the ensilage as raw material, and
Preparation method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of with corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf the preparation method of the ensilage as raw material, as follows:
(1) material collection arranges:
1. the whole-plant corn of wax yellow phase (seed is the fullest) is gathered in, or: after plucking seed, rapid harvesting still has part
The corn straw of greenery, by roping to the horizental silo cleared up, standby；
In the case of device resource license, the wax yellow phase (seed is the fullest) can be gathered in the crops with corn silage united reaper
Whole-plant corn, with harvesting with prescinding with loading in the middle of trailer, trailer is transported back by horizental silo after filling, standby；
2. collect Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf discarded after Bulbus Allii Cepae of recently gathering, tuber, arrange and impurities removing, silt, plastic sheeting chip
Deng, by roping to horizental silo, standby；
(2) chopping: regarding the follow-up supply situation of raw material, with ensilage hay cutter to the dark green corn straw of above-mentioned holding and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf,
Tuber is standby after being handled as follows:
Prescind the section being chopped into length about 3～5 centimetres the most in batches；
Or 2. regarding the dark green degree of corn straw, by corn straw: the part by weight mixing chopping of Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf=3:1～4:1；
(3) cellar for storing things (depending on the size at cellar for storing things can be according to practical situation, such as: long 5 meters, wide 3 meters, deep 2 meters) it is packed into: will
The corn straw of above-mentioned chopping, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf are inserted in cellar for storing things, and mode is: 1. Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf and corn straw are raised in being sprinkling upon cellar for storing things mixed
Close mixing, pave into thick about 40 centimetres one layer (Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf consumption is 25%～33%, and corn straw consumption is 67%～75%,
By weight percentage)；Or 2. corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf are alternately inserted, one layer of the most beneath and the top is corn straw,
The thickness of every layer of corn straw is 30～40 centimetres, and the thickness of every layer of Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf is 8～12 centimetres；
(4) compacting: after above-mentioned corn straw, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf are inserted in cellar for storing things, often insert a layer, it is necessary to compacting, to reduce oxygen
The residual quantity of gas, it is to avoid go mouldy in sweat；Concrete operations are: after upper thing shakeouts, and visual horizental silo size drives four-wheel
Tractor or loader, on the inner stuffing of cellar for storing things, samsara rolls repeatedly, solid firm, the softest sagging to this layer, is further filled with
Next layer；Persistent loop above step, is densified to exceed entrance of cellar (or ground) about 50 cm thick until loading；
(5) sealing, earthing: after cellar for storing things loads completely, stores body (filling thing) end face plastic film seal, after sealing, plastic foil table
Face cover 30～50 cm thicks soil (in order to antifreeze, also can on soil lid last layer Dry corn stalk stalk, rice straw or wheat straw again)；
(6) safeguard: for ensureing natural fermentation, hereafter must often note storing body surrounding, prevent from leaking gas because sealing cracking, intaking；
After 40～60 days (fermenting about 20 days, ripening about 20 days), i.e. it is able to corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf is the green grass or young crops of raw material
Storage feedstuff.Ensilage fragrant odour now, good palatability, digestibility are high, are the fabulous feedstuffs of cattle, sheep, deer etc..Ensiling
Feedstuff, can preserve for a long time as long as can guarantee that sealing condition is not destroyed, and the longest have the record preserving 50 years.
Preferably, the harvest time of corn straw, is selected from the milking maturity extremely cured ripe early stage in latter stage of Semen Maydis seed (if moisture is too low is unfavorable for handle
Ensilage intrinsic pressure is tight compact at cellar for storing things, easily causes going mouldy of ensilage, therefore selects the suitable harvesting extremely important for period), now
Results can obtain yield and the optimal corn straw of nutritive value.First, second snow change in Gansu Province can in 8 months, under
Ten days gathers in the crops, and then gathers in the crops in JIUYUE at the three, the 4th snow change.Fair weather should be selected during results, avoid results in rainy season,
In order to avoid affect ensilage quality because of excessive rainfall.Silagecorn once gathers in, and strives within the short time (1～3 day) complete
Becoming and load to sealing, permit of no delay overlong time, it is to avoid causes damage because of rainfall or fermentation itself.
Mechanical harvest can be used large area silagecorn.Have single ridge harvesting machinery, also have simultaneously harvesting 6 ridges machinery and
Special corn silage harvester.With harvesting with prescinding with loading in the middle of trailer, trailer is transported horizental silo back after filling and is packed into cellar for storing things.
Can use hand harvest, after the corn straw of whole is transported back near horizental silo, cutting is packed into cellar for storing things little area ensilage.
Utilize the ensilage that said method prepares.
The ensilage as raw material with corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf of the present invention, is by the fresh corn straw shredded and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem
Leaf, is fermented by microbiological anaerobic and chemical action, a kind of good palatability made under airtight oxygen free condition, digestibility high and
Nutritious feedstuff, is to ensure that the effective measures of long-term stable market supply feed stripped.To still keep blue or green after autumn harvest with Silaging method
Green or that part is dark green corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf longer-term preserve, and can preserve its nutrient well, and quality becomes
Soft, there is fragranced, cattle, sheep appetite can be promoted, solve the deficiency of winter-spring season forage grass.Meanwhile, make ensilage and compare stacking
Commensurability Radix Glycyrrhizae half to be saved floor space, also helps fire prevention, rainproof, anti-go rotten and eliminate the crop pests etc. on straw.
The ensilage of the present invention, with water content 65～75%, sugar content be not less than 4.0% corn straw (i.e. Semen Maydis seed
Milking maturity latter stage to the corn straw of cured ripe early stage) and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf be raw material, during this water content, be best suitable for the propagation of lactic acid bacteria,
During this sugar content, it is best suitable for the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria.
The ensilage as raw material with Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf and corn straw of the present invention, its quality grade can be divided into Three Estate, respectively
For: 1, excellent: color dark green or yellow green, close with raw material, abnormal smells from the patient acid fragrance, quality is soft, moistening, ear stem flap
Can offer a clear explanation；2, medium: color yellowish-brown or crineous, abnormal smells from the patient is sour and is pungent, and the big enable of ear stem flap offers a clear explanation；3、
Inferior: colors black or brown, abnormal smells from the patient is smelly and unpleasant, rots, tacky, and caking, ear stem flap cannot be differentiated.Low quality
Person, forbid feeding, should reject or collect manure.
The ensilage of the present invention, when feeding animals (cattle, sheep etc.), animal has just started some less to adapt to, and one
As after the instruction of 3～5 days is raised, can throw something and feed in a large number.The domestic animal throughout the year feeding ensilage then need not be instructed and raise.It addition, feed
Time, in addition it is also necessary to (if Silage Corn Straw cuts up with a hay cutter meticulous, it is unfavorable to ruminate cattle and sheep, therefore throws a large amount of for reasonably combined Radix Glycyrrhizae
When feeding silagecorn material, every day should suitable supplementary feeding high-quality Radix Glycyrrhizae).
The ensilage of the present invention, with Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf and corn straw, as raw material, (Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf consumption is 25%～33%, corn stalk
Stalk consumption is 67%～75%, by weight percentage), in terms of nutritive value, nutritious (containing the nutritional labeling of Bulbus Allii Cepae),
And improve taste and (compared with only feedstuff with corn straw as raw material, add Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, feedstuff has incorporated Bulbus Allii Cepae
Local flavor), the addition of Bulbus Allii Cepae, can promote that animal intestine peptic digestion absorbs, be conducive to improving the feed digestion utilization rate of animal.In economy
Aspect, it is to avoid stem and leaf dry in the sun, store or sprinkle water and a large amount of manpower and materials of putting into, reduces the cost of manufacture of feedstuff, fully
Make use of corn straw, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, improve the added value of Semen Maydis, Bulbus Allii Cepae.
The ensilage of the present invention, has the advantages that
1. change and only preserve the processing and utilization mode as feedstuff using after Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf dry in the sun, founded as mixing
Thing adds the processing and utilization new method of corn straw ensiling in the lump.
2. change traditional Sativa Silage Technology, not only with corn straw as raw material, also add raw material, by fresh Bulbus Allii Cepae stem
Leaf as raw material, supplements and the moisture of adjusting corn straw, use arrange, shred, load, be compacted, the manufacturing procedure such as sealing,
Utilize the anaerobic fermentation of microorganism, be fabricated to ensilage.
3. the ensilage of the present invention, improves feedstuff local flavor, enriches feed nutrition.
4. the ensilage of the present invention, can preserve for a long time, not be subject to seasonal restrictions, and therefore, can ensure ensilage throughout the year
Stable market supply.
5. at economic aspect, it is to avoid stem and leaf dry in the sun, storage or because corn straw water deficient need to be sprinkled water etc. and puts into a large amount of manpower
Material resources, reduce the cost of manufacture of feedstuff, take full advantage of corn straw, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, improve Semen Maydis, Bulbus Allii Cepae additional
Value.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1 prepares ensilage
Step is as follows:
(1) raw material prepares, arranges.1., after plucking seed, rapid harvesting still has the corn straw of part greenery, and roping is to the most clear
By the horizental silo managed, standby；2. simultaneously, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf discarded after collecting Bulbus Allii Cepae of gathering, tuber, and impurities removing, mud
Sand, plastic sheeting chip etc., by roping to horizental silo, standby；
(2) chopping.With ensilage hay cutter by corn straw dark green for above-mentioned holding and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, tuber, depending on corn straw
Dark green degree, shreds after mixing in the ratio of 3:1 or 4:1；
(3) be packed into cellar for storing things (size at cellar for storing things for long 5 meters, wide 3 meters, deep 2 meters, entrance of cellar body of wall above ground level 20 centimetres in order to
In covering and draining): first after one layer of wheat straw of Jiao Dipu about 10 cm thick, more above-mentioned mixing is shredded corn straw, ocean
Herba Alii fistulosi stem and leaf, directly is blown to spread by hay cutter and inserts in cellar for storing things, spread out into about 40 cm thicks one layer；
(4) compacting.Select tractor with small four wheels, after removing the dirt on tire and body chassis, sail the cellar for storing things of new clothes forced-feeding material into
In, repeatedly roll, by its whole plane compaction, feel the most sunken after, time-out rolls, and loads new one layer (about 40 centimetres).
Often insert one layer, be all compacted, to reduce the residual quantity of oxygen, it is to avoid sweat goes mouldy；Persistent loop above step,
Until after filling is densified to exceed entrance of cellar (or ground) about 50 centimetres, complete；
(5) sealing, earthing.Cover from implant top surrounding with plastic foil and wrap up downwards to ground along cellar for storing things body, afterwards,
Plastic film covers the soil pressure of 40 cm thicks and buries Jiao Ding and surrounding.After above-mentioned link completes, enter the natural fermentation stage, when
Often observe cellar for storing things body, find that crack or water inlet, roof leaking to be repaired in time, seal or stop up a loophole.
So, after about 45 days (fermenting about 20 days, ripening about 20 days), i.e. it is able to corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf is former
The ensilage of material, ensilage fragrant odour now, good palatability, digestibility are high, are the fabulous feedstuffs of cattle, sheep, deer etc..
Can open from one end and take, feed cattle and sheep.This ensilage, can protect for a long time as long as can guarantee that sealing condition is not destroyed
Deposit.
The ensilage of above-mentioned preparation, its quality grade can be divided into Three Estate, is respectively as follows: 1, excellent: color dark green or Huang
Green, close with raw material, abnormal smells from the patient acid fragrance, quality is soft, moistening, and ear stem flap can offer a clear explanation；2, medium: color is yellow
Brown or crineous, abnormal smells from the patient is sour and is pungent, and the big enable of ear stem flap offers a clear explanation；3, inferior: colors black or brown, abnormal smells from the patient
Smelly and unpleasant, rot, tacky, caking, ear stem flap cannot differentiate (poisonous, unsuitable feeding animals).
The ensilage of above-mentioned preparation, when feeding animals, animal has just started some less to adapt to, typically through 3～5
After it instruction is raised, can throw something and feed in a large number.The domestic animal throughout the year feeding ensilage then need not be instructed and raise.During it addition, feed, in addition it is also necessary to
Reasonably combined Radix Glycyrrhizae.
The ensilage of above-mentioned preparation, with corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf as raw material, in terms of nutritive value, nutritious (contains
Have the nutritional labeling of Bulbus Allii Cepae), and improve taste (compared with only feedstuff with corn straw as raw material, add Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf,
Feedstuff has incorporated the local flavor of Bulbus Allii Cepae), the addition of Bulbus Allii Cepae, can promote that animal intestine peptic digestion absorbs, be conducive to improving the feedstuff of animal
Digestive utilization ratio.At economic aspect, it is to avoid stem and leaf dry in the sun, storage or a large amount of manpowers only put into watering during corn straw
Material resources, reduce the cost of manufacture of feedstuff, take full advantage of corn straw, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, improve Semen Maydis, Bulbus Allii Cepae additional
Value.
Claims (6)
1. the preparation method of an ensilage, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) material collection arranges:
1. the whole-plant corn of wax yellow phase is gathered in, or: after plucking seed, harvesting still has the corn straw of part greenery, standby；
2. Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, the tuber gathering discarded after Bulbus Allii Cepae is collected, standby；
(2) chopping: corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, the tuber of above-mentioned holding viridescent are handled as follows standby with ensilage hay cutter
With:
Prescind the section being chopped into length about 3～5 centimetres the most in batches；
Or 2. press corn straw: the part by weight mixing of Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf=3:1～4:1 is shredded；
(3) being packed into cellar for storing things: insert in cellar for storing things by the corn straw of above-mentioned chopping, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf, mode is: 1. by Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf and
Corn straw is raised and is sprinkling upon mixing mixing in cellar for storing things, and (Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf consumption is 25%～33%, Semen Maydis to pave into a layer of thick 40 centimetres
Straw consumption is 67%～75%, by weight percentage)；Or 2. corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf are alternately inserted, the most beneath and
Top one layer be corn straw, the thickness of every layer of corn straw is 30～40 centimetres, the thickness of every layer of Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf be 8～
12 centimetres；
(4) compacting: after above-mentioned corn straw, Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf are inserted in cellar for storing things, often insert a layer, be compacted；
(5) seal, earthing: cellar for storing things load full after, store body end face plastic film seal, after sealing, plastic film cover 30～
The soil of 50 cm thicks；
(6) after 40～60 days, i.e. it is able to corn straw and Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf is the ensilage of raw material.
The preparation method of ensilage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step (1), corn stalk
The moisture of stalk is more than 50%, and the moisture of Bulbus Allii Cepae stem and leaf is more than 85%.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that: in described step (3), the size at cellar for storing things is:
Long 5 meters, wide 3 meters, deep 2 meters.
4. according to the preparation method described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that: in described step (4), often insert one
Layer is all compacted, and concrete operations are: after upper thing shakeouts, drive four-wheel tractor or loader, on the inner stuffing of cellar for storing things repeatedly
Samsara rolls, solid firm, the softest sagging to this layer, is further filled with next layer；Persistent loop above step, until loading
It is densified to exceed entrance of cellar 50 cm thick.
5. according to the preparation method according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, it is characterised in that: in described step (5), at soil
On lid last layer Dry corn stalk stalk, rice straw or wheat straw again.
6. utilize the ensilage that the preparation method according to any one of claim 1～5 prepares.
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| CN201610333060.4A CN105994982A (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2016-05-18 | Silage and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107080056A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-08-22 | 贵州牧乐旺饲料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of ensilage |
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| CN109393157A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-01 | 黑龙江省畜牧研究所 | A kind of sudangrass and corn mixed silage feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN110050882A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of ensilage and preparation method suitable for southern hilly area |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |