CN105993256A - Method for improving seashore saline soil by utilizing straws and microorganisms - Google Patents
Method for improving seashore saline soil by utilizing straws and microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993256A CN105993256A CN201610321890.5A CN201610321890A CN105993256A CN 105993256 A CN105993256 A CN 105993256A CN 201610321890 A CN201610321890 A CN 201610321890A CN 105993256 A CN105993256 A CN 105993256A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving seashore saline soil by utilizing straws and microorganisms. The method comprises the following steps: (1) adding straw powder into saline soil, carrying out uniform mixing, carrying out piling into soil piles, spraying an EM fermentation broth, and controlling the temperature and the time of culturing so as to obtain a microbial preparation; (2) transplanting a crop in transplanting soil containing the microbial preparation prepared in the step (1), and applying a PAM water-retaining agent in rhizosphere of the crop, wherein the usage amount of the PAM water-retaining agent is 2 to 10 g/plant; and (3) in the growth period of the crop, spraying the EM fermentation broth diluted by 50 to 100 times once every 7 to 15 days. According to the invention, through uniform mixing of the straw powder and the soil, addition of the microbial agent for co-fermentation and cooperative application of the water-retaining agent after transplanting of the crop, evaporation of surface saline soil can be reduced; the pH value of the soil is reduced; the quality of the soil is improved; thus, the crop can normally grow; meanwhile, the method provided by the invention utilizes agricultural wastes like the straws, so raw materials are widely available; the cost is low; the utilization efficiency of water by the crop can be improved; the yield is increased; the quality is improved; and the problem of secondary damage on the soil due to chemical restoration agents is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, particularly relate to one and utilize straw and microorganism improvement strand
The method of salinized soil.
Background technology
At present, China's coastal region soil salinization is day by day serious, because China's Coastal Areas is often affected by tide,
No matter arid or the moistening distribution having salinized soil.Salinized soil be China's topmost mid and low yield soils type it
One.Reduce at current quantity of cultivated land, under the background of quality degradation, carry out the saliferous reasonable improvement of coastal soil
Utilization is the important means of Ensuring Food Safety.But coastal soil saliferous solution salinity is higher, causes
Availability of soil water declines, and then causes crop water suction difficulty and yield to reduce.
At present, the ameliorative measure for salinized soil is mainly by physically improved, water conservancy improvement, chemical modifying etc.
The most single modification method, physically improved measure is despite being considered effective method, but invests non-
Chang Anggui, the cost of maintenance is the highest；Water conservancy improvement is huge, beyond operation cost height, typically except investment
In the case of the chemicals that uses also compare many, but consumption the most easily produces secondary pollution.Along with to water saving agriculture
Industry and the pay attention to day by day of agricultural ecological environment and concern, utilize clean energy resource and microbial process to improve
Salinized soil, can turn waste into wealth, and the present invention utilizes the agricultural wastes such as straw, and raw material sources are extensive, low cost
Honest and clean, nontoxic, it is avoided that the secondary injury problem that soil is caused by chemical redemption agent.Employing this method is planted
Crop, yield and quality is all improved.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of method utilizing straw and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, to solve
The problems such as certainly alkalization of soils is serious, crop cannot grow, and soil organic matter content is relatively low, retentiveness is poor
Etc. problem.
Technical scheme: for realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, the invention provides one and utilizes straw and microorganism improvement
The method of beach salty soil, comprises the steps:
(1) powder of straw is added salinized soil mixing, piles the mound of high 30cm～50cm, according to 0.5%-2%
Mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature controls at 25～30 DEG C, and incubation time 240h-480h obtains micro-
Biological preparation；
(2), after crop being transplanted in the transplanting soil containing microorganism formulation prepared by (1) in steps, making
Thing rhizosphere uses PAM water-retaining agent, and consumption is 2～10g/ strains；
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid spraying once dilution 50-100 times in every 7～15 days.
Preferably, in step (1), after described powder of straw for adding the pulverizing of plant pulverizer by crop material
Obtaining, smashing fineness is 10-200 mesh.
In step (1), described powder of straw is 1: 5-30 with the mass ratio of salinized soil.
Specifically, in step (2), described transplanting soil be microorganism formulation with 0～20cm topsoil soils by
Volume ratio according to 1: 1～5 is fully uniformly mixed so as to obtain.
Preferably, before transplanting crop, according to a conventional method to transplanting soil application, irrigate after transplanting crop,
The upper limit of irrigation quantity is field capacity.
Specifically, in step (3), described EM fermentation liquid fermentation is by the component of following mass percent:
EM calcium liquid 1%-5%, glucose 1%-5%, K2HPO40.4%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO4·7H2O
0.05%, water 89.35%-97.35%, pH are 4-4.5, fully after mixing, and aerobic fermentation 7-15 at a temperature of 25 DEG C
My god, strain amount reaches 1 × 109More than cfu/mL, is described EM fermentation liquid.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, present invention have the advantage that
(1) powder of straw can reduce the evaporation capacity of soil, and the effect particularly with sand is more preferable；
(2) rich in beneficial microbe and microorganisms such as actinomycetes, yeast, photosynthetic bacterias in EM fermentation liquid
The products such as the aminoacid produced after metabolism, can improve soil available water and retentiveness, save irrigation water；
(3) EM fermentation liquid is acid, can sweetening of the soil alkalescence, build good environment for plant growth；
(4) EM fermentation liquid and straw are joined and are executed, and can be effectively improved organic carbon and the total nitrogen content of soil, improve
Soil quality；
(5) using the crop of this method plantation, yield and quality is all improved；
(6) present invention utilizes the agricultural wastes such as straw, and raw material sources are extensive, with low cost, nontoxic,
It is avoided that the secondary injury problem that soil is caused by chemical redemption agent.
Detailed description of the invention
Reagent source:
The processing technology of EM calcium liquid is by nano calcium oxide (particle diameter 30nm), EM engineering bacteria, molasses and water
In the ratio of 1: 1: 1: 20,30 DEG C, under the conditions of shaking speed 150-180rpm, anaerobic fermentation about 12
H, then aerobic fermentation obtains after 24 hours.Wherein EM engineering bacteria and molasses are bought and are liked peaceful happy environment skill from Nanjing
Art company limited, nano calcium oxide is bought from market.
Embodiment 1:
One, a kind of method utilizing straw and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, comprises the steps:
(1) crop material is added plant pulverizer (smashing fineness: 10-200 mesh), obtains powder of straw, take
Salinized soil mixes with powder of straw, and wherein powder of straw is 1: 10 with the mass ratio of salinized soil, piles high 30cm after mixing
Mound, according to 0.5% mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature controls at 25～30 DEG C, cultivate 240h
-480h, obtains microorganism formulation, and wherein, the compound method of EM fermentation liquid is: take EM calcium liquid 2%,
Glucose 2%, K2HPO40.4%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%, water 100mL, pH
Being 4～4.5, fully after mixing, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches 1 × 109cfu/mL
Above, it is described EM fermentation liquid；
(2) microorganism formulation obtained fully is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 2 with 10cm topsoil soils,
According to a conventional method after fertilising, transplanting crop seedling, the upper limit of irrigation quantity is field capacity.
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid spraying once dilution 60 times in every 7～15 days.
Wherein, EM engineering bacteria and molasses are bought from Nanjing Ai Mule Environmental Technology AS, PAM water-retaining agent,
Glucose, K2HPO4, KKH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O all buys from market.
Two, gathering salinity from Nantong coastal region is the beach salty soil of 5g/kg, crosses 2mm after air-drying
Sieve, weighs 50g soil in plastic cup, then weighs 2g above-mentioned steps (1) and prepares microbial product and put into
In Bei, the process being not added with microbial product is set simultaneously as comparison (CK).After added material is mixed, add
Enter 30mL distilled water, weigh every day once, continue two weeks.Measurement result shows, adds microbial product
The soil cumulative evaporation of beach salty soil its 1d, 3d and 14d is respectively 0.30g/100g, 0.69g/100g
And 11.32g/100g, and the soil cumulative evaporation that CK processes its 1d, 3d and 14d is respectively 3.745
G/100g, 12.63g/100g and 43.16g/100g.Result shows, the microbial product of the present invention can improve
Soil available water and retentiveness, save irrigation water, it is possible to be effectively improved organic carbon and the total nitrogen content of soil,
Improve soil quality, and then improve the yield and quality of crop.
Embodiment 2:
One, early-stage preparations:
(1) crop material is added plant pulverizer (smashing fineness: 10-200 mesh), obtains powder of straw.
(2) configuration EM fermentation liquid: take the EM stock solution of 5%, the glucose of 5%, the K of 0.4%2HPO4,
The KH of 0.5%2PO4, the MgSO of 0.1%4·7H2O, water 100mL, pH are 4-4.5, fully after mixing,
Aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches 1 × 109Cfu/mL, is described EM and sends out
Ferment liquid.
Wherein, EM engineering bacteria and molasses are bought from Nanjing Ai Mule Environmental Technology AS, PAM water conservation
Agent, glucose, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O all buys from market.
Two, field experiment:
Carrying out field test at Dongtai coastal region, selecting salinity is that the salinized soil of 1.07g/kg is as confession
Examination soil, soil pH is 8.01, and plot area is 0.7hm2, raise crop is Fructus Lycopersici esculenti.By 1/2 area
After topsoil salinized soil (0-20cm) and powder of straw fully mix according to the mass ratio of 1: 30, pile high about 50cm
Mound, according to 2% mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, and incubation time is
240h.Soil after fermentation is fully mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 2 with unfermentable topsoil soils, by often
After the fertilising of rule method, after transplanting crop seedling, water-retaining agent consumption is respectively 2g/ strain, and the bound of irrigation quantity is divided
Do not hold for 70%-80% field.During plant growth, sprayed the EM fermentation of once dilution 100 times every 7 days
Liquid.This is S1 process.
Equally, carrying out field test at Dongtai coastal region, selecting salinity is the salting of 3.21g/kg
Soil is as examination soil, and soil pH is 8.25, and plot area and raise crop are ibid.Ploughing 1/2 area
After layer salinized soil (0-20cm) and powder of straw fully mix according to the mass ratio of 1: 30, pile high about 50cm
Mound, according to 2% mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature controls at 25-30 DEG C, and incubation time is
480h.Soil after fermentation is fully mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 2 with unfermentable topsoil soils, by often
After the fertilising of rule method, transplanting crop seedling, water-retaining agent consumption is 10g/ strain, and the bound of irrigation quantity is respectively
70%-80% holds in field.During plant growth, sprayed the EM fermentation liquid of once dilution 100 times every 15 days.
This is S2 process.
Additionally, to transplant after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, only use 2g/ strain and 10g/ strain PAM water-retaining agent as P1 and P2 at
Reason.Using without any preparation as CK control treatment.After crop harvesting, measure soil pH, crop
Yield, and calculate irrigation water WUEL.
Measurement result shows as shown in table 1, and the process yield of CK comparison and microbial product is respectively
65947kg/ha and 70371kg/ha, WUEL is respectively 70.12kg/m3And 88.35kg/m3, soil
PH is respectively 8.19 and 7.23, and this shows that, compared with CK control treatment, the microbial product of the present invention is permissible
Improve soil available water and retentiveness, improve WUEL, it is possible to be effectively improved regulation surface soil alkalinity and
Total organic carbon (organic), and then improve the yield and quality of crop.Additionally, after crop harvesting, same to CK
Comparison is compared, and the soil pH using water-retaining agent process P1 and P2 changes without obvious, shows Water Retaining Agent on Soil
PH impact is the most notable.
Table 1
Note: WUEL=yield/irrigation quantity
In sum, the method for the present invention can reduce the evaporation capacity of soil by adding powder of straw, particularly with
The effect of sand is more preferable；Utilize in EM fermentation liquid useful micro-rich in actinomycetes, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria etc.
The products such as the aminoacid produced after biology and microbial metabolism, can improve soil available water and retentiveness, save
Irrigation water；Meanwhile, EM fermentation liquid is acid, can sweetening of the soil alkalescence, build good for plant growth
Environment；EM fermentation liquid and straw are joined and are executed, and can be effectively improved organic carbon and the total nitrogen content of soil, improve
Soil quality.Using the crop of this method plantation, yield and quality is all improved；Utilize the agricultures such as straw simultaneously
Industry garbage, raw material sources are extensive, with low cost, nontoxic, are avoided that soil is caused by chemical redemption agent
Secondary injury problem.
Claims (6)
1. the method utilizing straw and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, it is characterised in that include as follows
Step:
(1) powder of straw is added salinized soil mixing, piles the mound of high 30cm～50cm, according to 0.5%-2%
Mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature controls at 25～30 DEG C, and incubation time 240h-480h obtains micro-
Biological preparation；
(2), after crop being transplanted in the transplanting soil containing microorganism formulation prepared by (1) in steps, making
Thing rhizosphere uses PAM water-retaining agent, and consumption is 2～10g/ strains；
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid spraying once dilution 50-100 times in every 7～15 days.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described powder of straw
Obtaining for being added by crop material after plant pulverizer is pulverized, smashing fineness is 10-200 mesh.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), described powder of straw
It is 1: 5-30 with the mass ratio of salinized soil.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), described transplanting soil
Earth is that microorganism formulation is fully uniformly mixed so as to obtain according to the volume ratio of 1: 1～5 with 0～20cm topsoil soils.
Method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that before transplanting crop, according to a conventional method
To transplanting soil application, irrigating after transplanting crop, the upper limit of irrigation quantity is field capacity.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (3), described EM sends out
The fermentation of ferment liquid is by the component of following mass percent: EM calcium liquid 1%-5%, glucose 1%-5%, K2HPO4
0.4%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%, water 89.35%-97.35%, pH is 4-4.5, fills
After dividing mixing, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches 1 × 109More than cfu/mL, is
Described EM fermentation liquid.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107987844A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-04 | 河海大学 | A kind of microorganism formulation of coastal reclamation area strongly salined soil quick desalination and preparation method thereof |
| CN108834463A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of coastal saline soil administering method significantly reducing crop Salt Strees Condition |
| CN109479425A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-19 | 李华 | Waste dish direct returning to farmland fertilizing soil replacing fertilizer method |
| CN112189394A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-01-08 | 中农海稻(深圳)生物科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
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