CN105980110A - Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches - Google Patents

Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105980110A
CN105980110A CN201580007086.3A CN201580007086A CN105980110A CN 105980110 A CN105980110 A CN 105980110A CN 201580007086 A CN201580007086 A CN 201580007086A CN 105980110 A CN105980110 A CN 105980110A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
jaw
unit
plug
spanner
base material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201580007086.3A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
詹姆斯·图宁雷
詹森·J·博格斯
格伦·R·夏蒂埃
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ridge Tool Co
Original Assignee
Ridge Tool Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/202,611 external-priority patent/US9434055B2/en
Application filed by Ridge Tool Co filed Critical Ridge Tool Co
Publication of CN105980110A publication Critical patent/CN105980110A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/48—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes
    • B25B13/50—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes
    • B25B13/5008—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects
    • B25B13/5016—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe
    • B25B13/5025—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe using a pipe wrench type tool
    • B25B13/5041—Spanners; Wrenches for special purposes for operating on work of special profile, e.g. pipes for operating on pipes or cylindrical objects by externally gripping the pipe using a pipe wrench type tool with movable or adjustable jaws
    • B25B13/505—Pivotally moving or adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/10—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws
    • B25B13/28—Spanners; Wrenches with adjustable jaws the jaws being pivotally movable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/58—Jaw attachments
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E21B19/161—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints using a wrench or a spinner adapted to engage a circular section of pipe

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches. Gripping inserts used in a wrench having a collection of moveably positionable jaws which is pivotally affixed to a handle are described. The wrench and gripping inserts find particular application in drilling industries. Also described are particular materials and characteristics for the gripping inserts. In addition, methods for configuring and/or sizing the gripping inserts are described.

Description

Replaceable crawl plug-in unit for spanner
Technical field
This theme relates to the replaceable crawl plug-in unit of instrument (such as spanner).This theme further relates to Utilize and capture the instrument that plug-in unit engages with the cylindrical part generally used in drilling operation.This theme Further relate to for configuring the method capturing plug-in unit.
Background technology
Core barrel assembly be used in various the drilling industry (such as mining, oil drilling, water well drilling, Field with geological drilling) and survey in industry.Core barrel assembly is used at drilling conduit afterbody Place obtains core sample.Typical core barrel assembly includes inner tube assembly and outer tube assembly.Outer tube assembly Comprise inner tube assembly and provide and the joint of other probings parts (such as drill string or drilling rod set).
During core sampling operates, after the bottom section from boring collects core sample, inner tube Assembly comprises this core sample.Use the rope being pulled through drilling rod to come from foot of hole and obtain inner tube And core sample.
According to core barrel assembly and/or the configuration of inner tube, various parts can be with interior pipe joint, such as rock Core tube head and corer.These parts and other possible parts are threaded connection and connect with inner tube Close.Must be threaded separated from one another to remove core sample by these.
Make threaded parts and interior pipe joint or separated (be such as included in inner tube obtaining During core sample) be probably problematic.May require the moment of relative high levels.Dirt and chip Possible coating member and/or screw thread.It is exposed in core drilling fluid or is in contact with it be likely to result in additionally Problem.Bentonite drilling fluid comprises mud particles and can have slight erosion.Drilling fluid also may be used To include that polymer filtration controls and stabilizer, lubricating oil (such as drilling rod grease) and cutting oil. These agent existence in inner tube and/or threaded portion can hinder joint or lock out operation further, special It not particularly true in the case of the outer surface of pipe comprises lubricant.
Core barrel assembly is typically the machining assembly with relatively high tolerance.It is therefore important that Such as by using conventional tube spanner not damage the outer surface of inner tube.Typical pipe wrench have with The pipe joint face of tooth, these teeth can form " prod mark ", burr or other surfaces on the outer surface of inner tube Defect.Additionally, if pipe wrench applies excessive power, inner tube may deform.
In view of these and other reasons, the drilling industry generally uses the special spanner with friction coatings Capture core barrel assembly and particularly capture inner tube.Although being gratifying in some respects, but Need nonetheless remain for improve instrument with and related methods to be securely engaged in the case of not damaging parts Core barrel parts (such as inner tube).
Summary of the invention
This crawl plug-in unit, the spanner utilizing this crawl plug-in unit and associated method of use solve with before Difficulty that known practice and instrument are associated and defect.
On the one hand, this theme provide a kind of be suitable in the spanner with multiple jaw member use can Change and capture plug-in unit.At least some in described jaw member has the dress accommodating and keeping described crawl plug-in unit Put.Described crawl plug-in unit includes the base material limiting concavity inner face.Described base material along inner face show scope from The HRC of 40 to 49.Described crawl plug-in unit also includes arranging along the inner face of base material and to be bonded to this interior The layer containing metal carbides in face.Described layer limits the crawl surface exposed.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of spanner, and described spanner includes defining the first end and with first Hold the handle of the second relative end.Described spanner also includes first jaw with near-end, far-end, the first pincers Mouth defines inside face, and the near-end of the first jaw is pivotally attached to the first end of handle.Spanner Also including second jaw with near-end, far-end, the second jaw defines inside face, and the second jaw Near-end is pivotally attached to the far-end of handle at the first adapter assembly.Described spanner also includes having closely End, the 3rd jaw of far-end, the 3rd jaw defines inside face, and the near-end of the 3rd jaw is in the second joint group The far-end of the second jaw pivotally it is attached at part, and the first end of the far-end of the 3rd jaw and handle It is releasably coupled.Described spanner also includes and at least in the first jaw, the second jaw and the 3rd jaw At least one of individual inside face attachment captures plug-in unit.Described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines concavity inner face Base material, described base material shows, along inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49, and (ii) is along base The inner face of material is arranged and is bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face, and described layer defines exposure Capture surface.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of spanner, and described spanner includes defining the first end and the second end Handle.Described spanner also includes hinged multiple jaw member.The plurality of jaw member includes and handle The main jaw member that is attached rotationally of the first end pivoting and the end jaw member that can engage with handle.Institute That states in multiple jaw member each defines inside face.Described spanner also include with in multiple jaw member At least one of the inside face attachment of at least one captures plug-in unit.In described crawl plug-in unit includes defining concavity The base material in face.Described base material shows, along inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49.Described crawl plug-in unit Also include arranging along the inner face of base material and being bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face.Described layer Define the crawl surface of exposure.
On the other hand, this theme provides a kind of for assessing the crawl plug-in unit of the suggestion in spanner with specific The method whether being used together in specifying factor of safety of pipe.Described method includes validating that the internal diameter of pipe, pipe External diameter, the elastic modelling quantity of pipe and the Poisson's ratio of pipe.Described method also includes capturing described in suggestion plug-in unit Elastic modelling quantity and the Poisson's ratio of crawl plug-in unit.Described method also includes that suggestion captures the internal diameter of plug-in unit, crawl The external diameter of plug-in unit and the circumferential length of crawl plug-in unit.Described method also includes calculating and utilizes grabbing of described suggestion Take the circumferential pressure P of plug-in unit, the formula (IV) such as wherein pass through and (V) calculates circumferential pressure P.Described method Also include determining that GR is compared in crawl when capturing plug-in unit proposed by use.Described method also includes utilizing equation (VI) the pressure P' after regulation is calculated.Described method also includes validating that the maximum yield value P of pipeMAX.Described side Method also includes specifying minimum safe factor FSMIN.Described method also include the formula (VII) such as utilization calculate safe because of Sub-FSCALC.Described method also includes factor of safety FS that will calculateCALCWith minimum safe factor FSMINEnter Row compares.If factor of safety FS calculatedCALCLess than or equal to minimum safe factor FSMIN, then institute The crawl plug-in unit of suggestion is in the factor of safety specified.If factor of safety FS calculatedCALCMore than minimum Factor of safety FSMIN, then proposed captures plug-in unit not in the factor of safety specified.
Arrive as will be appreciated, in the case of without departure from claimed theme, described herein Theme can have other and different embodiments, and multiple details of this theme can be each side Face is modified.Therefore, drawing and description should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the spanner according to this theme.
Fig. 2 is the top plan view of the spanner described in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the end-view of the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the other end view of the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 illustrate in the close position in the spanner of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 illustrates the spanner of the Fig. 1 being in the fully-open position.
Fig. 7 also illustrates that the spanner of the Fig. 1 being in the fully-open position.
Fig. 8 illustrate load apply and during the commitment that engages with inner tube or miscellaneous part along The contact pressure in friction material region.
Fig. 9 illustrate apply bigger duration of load along friction material region contact pressure point Cloth.
Figure 10 illustrates the engagement features between some parts of the spanner of this theme.
Figure 11 illustrates the feature of the power for placing the excessive level applied by the spanner of this theme.
Figure 12 illustrates the self-locking feature of the spanner of this theme.
Figure 13 is the detail view of the joint between two nips of the spanner according to this theme.
Figure 14 is according to the multiple jaws used in the spanner of this theme and the view of biasing member.
Figure 15 schematically illustrates for assessing the method capturing plug-in unit according to this theme.
Figure 16 shows multiple crawl plug-in units being positioned at around pipe to be captured and used herein The schematic diagram of various labellings.
Detailed description of the invention
This theme provides a kind of spanner, this spanner be adapted uniquely to and core barrel assembly relevant The joint of the parts of connection and separation use.Although the spanner of this theme is described herein as and rock The inner tube of core-pipe subassembly is used together, it will be appreciated that, the spanner of this theme is applicable to except driller Industry beyond industry and other purposes.Generally, the spanner of this theme includes handle and hingedly or pivot Multiple jaw member that axle connects rotationally.The set of jaw member can be positioned in open position and Between make position, in described open position, inner tube or miscellaneous part can be positioned in by jaw In the capture area limited；In described make position, jaw engages and is placed in capture area Workpiece.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes being positioned as the specific of the inner face along jaw Friction material, it promotes and the inner tube being positioned in or be positioned in capture area or the friction of miscellaneous part Engage.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes making jaw or multiple jaw bias to certain bits One or more biasing member put, such as spring.Especially, some patterns of spanner include by Jaw biases or is pushed to the biasing member of make position.But, this theme is additionally included in wherein jaw It is biased to the configuration of open position.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes helping to grasp the one of one or more jaw Individual or more parts.For instance, it is possible to provide projection or outwards on one or more in jaw Component that extend, that can be grasped by user.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes the joint limiting one or more jaw (articulation), Angle Position and/or the parts of movement.These parts can be incorporated in spanner with Limit the opening degree of jaw.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner is additionally included in during jaw is joined to pipe, to being positioned at Inner tube in capture area or the device of other cylindrical parts specific contact patterns of imparting.Along with being applied in To the increase of the load of inner tube, specific contact patterns makes contact surface area increase and promotes evenly Ground apply friction and spanner and inner tube between evenly power transmission.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also includes jaw and handle or is associated with spanner Contact angle between parts and specific engagement arrangement carry out the device utilized.This engagement arrangement helps During the use of spanner between the parts power transmission.
In some patterns of this theme, spanner also utilizes stop feature, and it stops the use at spanner The power of period excessive level is passed to inner tube.
In the other pattern of this theme, spanner also includes self-locking feature, in this self-locking feature, The Guan Bi of the multiple jaws around inner tube is further promoted during the use of spanner.
And in some patterns of this theme, spanner includes that cover or preventer are with the use at spanner Period limits and enters the region occurring to engage between jaw and handle.
In some patterns of this theme, it is provided that the specific crawl plug-in unit can being used together with spanner. Capture plug-in unit to be removable and the jaw of described spanner can be joined to and remove from described jaw. In specific pattern, combination based on factor determines the size capturing plug-in unit, to treat grabbing workpiece Or parts are provided with specific aim and desired power.
In other patterns of this theme, it is provided that for crawl plug-in unit is configured and/or determines The ad hoc approach of size and strategy.
Moreover, it will be understood that the spanner of this theme or crawl plug-in unit are limited to absolutely not and core barrel assembly Inner tube be used together.On the contrary, it is contemplated that, spanner and/or crawl plug-in unit can be used various In other field and application.Furthermore, it will be understood that, it is special that this theme includes having one or more Levy or aspect and these features or aspect combination spanner and/or capture plug-in unit.This theme is presented herein below Spanner and capture the various features of plug-in unit and the details of aspect.
Fig. 1 illustrates the perspective view of the spanner 10 according to this theme.Fig. 2 is the spanner shown in Fig. 1 The top plan view of 10.Spanner 10 includes having near-end 22 and show greatly the hands of the far-end shown in 24 Handle 20.Spanner 10 also includes multiple jaw member or nip part.In the pattern that Fig. 1 describes, pull Hands 10 includes first or main jaw the 30, second jaw 40 and the 3rd or end jaw 50.It should be understood that It is that the spanner of this theme can utilize small number of jaw, such as two, or greater number of Jaw, such as four, five, six or more.
As being more fully described herein, by workpiece (not shown) is positioned at by multiple jaws Spanner 10 is used in the capture area C limited.When applying the most in FIG by arrow to handle 20 During the power that head M illustrates, capture area C, around internal tube shrinks, contacts and engages inner tube.This Literary composition provides in terms of these and each details in other features.With further reference to Fig. 1, First jaw 30 limits near-end 31 and far-end 32.Second jaw limits near-end 41 and far-end 42.The Three jaws 50 limit near-end 51 and far-end 52.Each jaw member also defines the face being directed inwardly toward. Therefore, the first jaw member 30 limits inside face 33, and the second jaw member 40 limits inside face 43, And the 3rd jaw member 50 limits inside face 53.The near-end 31 of the first jaw 30 is the most attached Receive the far-end 24 of handle 20.Although various assembly and configuration can be utilized, but in the type of Fig. 1 Depicting pivot pin 60 in formula, it extends across the alignment limited in the first jaw 30 and handle 20 Perforate.What the far-end 32 of the first jaw 30 was the most generally marked as joint A first connects The near-end 41 of the second jaw 40 pivotally it is attached at head assembly.In the pattern of Fig. 1, pivot Pivot pin 62 extends across the perforate of the alignment limited in the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40.Second The far-end 42 of jaw 40 is the most substantially marked as pivot at second adapter assembly of joint B and turns It is attached to the near-end 51 of the 3rd jaw 50 dynamicly.In the pattern shown in Fig. 1, pivot pin 64 extends It is passed through in the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 perforate of the alignment limited.One or more card Ring or holding member can be used in combination with pivot pin 60,62 and/or 64.The 3rd jaw 50 He Between handle 20, particularly at the far-end 52 of the 3rd jaw 50 and the far-end 24 of handle 20 or Other joint elements are provided at far-end 24.Describe in further detail these junction surfaces herein Part.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrates the end-view of the spanner 10 described in Fig. 1.Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 illustrates The aspect that spanner is other.
Spanner 10 can also include one or more friction promoting to engage with inner tube or miscellaneous part Material area.In the pattern shown in Fig. 1, spanner 10 include being arranged in the first jaw 30, Friction material on each in the inside face 33,43 and 53 of the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 70.This friction material can be provided with various different forms and layout.Generally, friction material is Be arranged in jaw inside face at least some of on layer or the form in region.Some types at this theme In formula, friction material includes metal carbides, such as but not limited to tungsten carbide.In some of this theme In pattern, friction material includes one or more of fibrous material, the most one or more of fiber-like Type overall.Fiber can be to arrange in a organized way, such as weaving textile, or can be not knit Make.In some patterns, friction material as described in more detail herein be compressible.For For friction material includes the pattern of fiber wherein, fiber be typically metallic fiber, polymer fiber, Glass fibre or a combination thereof.In specific pattern, friction material can be dispersed in polymeric matrix In the form of glass fibre.Various metals fiber can be used, such as but not limited to: steel, pyrite, Magnesium and combinations thereof.The non-limiting example of polymer fiber includes polyamide and is also known as especiallyPPTA.Metal agent, component of polymer and other materials Combination can be used for friction material with layout in various proportions.In many patterns of this theme, rub Wipe material without asbestos.
As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, friction material is compressible.Can reference This aspect is quantified by the typical range of the elastic mould value of friction material.Therefore, in some patterns In, friction material shows the elastic modelling quantity of 15ksi to 1500ksi.
Friction material can be carried to or be fastened to one or more movable member, such as, carry Element, described movable member is again pieceable along the inside face of jaw.It is also contemplated that, Friction material can be directly attached to the inside face of jaw.Multiple joining technique and/or parts can by with In friction material being attached or fixed to load-carrying unit and/or to jaw.For instance, it is possible to use machinery to connect Component, such as rivet, threaded fastener, pin, screw or miscellaneous part.Sintering technology can be passed through In the way of metallurgical, friction material is bonded to its bottom substrate be attached or fixed to hold by friction material Carry element and/or to jaw.It is also contemplated that use adhesive that friction material is adhesively bonded to carrying unit Part and/or to jaw.By coating or spraying technology, friction material can also be put on or with other Mode is formed on load-carrying unit or jaw.
In some patterns of this theme, the exposed face of friction material can provide or be formed as showing Recess or the set of passage, these recesses or passage extend across at least some of of friction material charge level. At chip with in the case of especially liquid film is arranged on the outer surface of inner tube or miscellaneous part, this join It can be useful for putting.When the face of friction material contacts inner tube, chip and/or liquid film are pushed in friction The recess limited in the face of material or passage at recess or passage internal shift, thus promote friction material And the close contact between interior tube-surface.Therefore, in some patterns of spanner, friction material mask There are at least some of many recesses extended along this face.Many recesses have and be enough to accommodate from interior The liquid of tube outer surface and/or the size of chip and/or configuration.
In many embodiments of this theme, provide friction material district with the form of replaceable crawl plug-in unit Territory, such as region 70.
In some patterns of this theme, replaceable crawl plug-in unit is positioned along the inside face of jaw, The boring assemblies which promoted and be positioned in capture area or the frictional engagement of inner tube of miscellaneous part.
Each crawl plug-in unit includes the concave surface of the outer surface for contacting pipeline to be captured or pipe.Energy Enough require to select the material of plug-in unit, thickness and roughness based on application-specific.
In the specific pattern of this theme, the concavity gripping surface of plug-in unit or surface are coated with one or more Various metals carbide, such as tungsten carbide.As described in more detail herein, tungsten carbide can pass through Electrodeposition technology and deposit.Electro-deposition is a kind of ad hoc approach, and this theme is included in the crawl of plug-in unit Depositing silicon tungsten and/or the additive method of other metal carbides on surface.
In some patterns of this theme, capture plug-in unit and include iron-based material, particularly wrought iron base material.Forging The non-limiting example of iron-based material includes wrought iron 4140 and D-4512.Another example of substrate material is Steel.This theme include the use of multiple substrate material, such as model be FN-0208-105HT can business The powdered-metal base material that industry obtains, it is to be considered as the standard metal material of nickel steel.Substantially any material Material can be used for capturing the base material of plug-in unit, as long as it is to conduct electricity and enough hard as described herein Hard.
Regardless of being which kind of material for capture the selection of plug-in unit base material, in many embodiments of this theme, Base material along its inner face (that is, towards treating grabbing workpiece or pipe and being coated with one or more of metal The face of carbide) show particular stiffness.In certain embodiments, the HRC of base material inner face It is about 40 to about 49, is more particularly 45 to 48, and is 47 in certain embodiments.At mark Quasi-ASTM E18 and ISO 6508-1 describes Rockwell hardness and measurement thereof.
For described embodiment, the hardness of the inner face capturing plug-in unit should be relatively hard and in described Lip river In family name's hardness range.If the hardness of the inner face of base material is too hard, i.e. to be greater than about Rockwell hard for its Rockwell hardness Degree C50, then capturing plug-in unit may be the most crisp and can not bear typical final utilization condition.If The hardness of the inner face of base material is too soft, and such as its Rockwell hardness is less than about HRC 38, then metal carbon Chalcogenide particles or agglomerate can be pressed in the inner face of the base material capturing plug-in unit during use.
As it was previously stated, capture plug-in unit to generally include the metal on the inner face being deposited on the base material capturing plug-in unit Carbide thin layer, in particular tungsten carbide thin layer.Generally, the scope of the thickness of metal carbide layer from 0.0045 inch (114.3 microns) to 0.0075 inch (190.5 microns).However, it should be understood that It is that this theme includes that thickness is more than and/or is less than the metal carbide layer of these values.
Multiple technologies can be used to be formed or otherwise deposit to metal carbides capture plug-in unit On inner face.The non-limiting example of this technique is electro-deposition.During electro-deposition, electric current is through base material With the source of metal carbides, thus cause metal carbide material temperature to raise, and melt or with Other modes melt to the base material of lower section, thus form metal carbides thin layer.
In the certain methods of this theme, by carbonaceous deposits to when capturing on plug-in unit, its of plug-in unit His surface can be covered so that depositing silicon tungsten the most thereon.This measure maintains the size of plug-in unit And guarantee along the inner face of jaw or spanner, plug-in unit is properly loaded its housing region.Desirably Plug-in unit is carried out the most fixed and positioned so that spanner, its parts and crawl plug-in unit can bear That be commonly applied and higher load.
By threaded fastener, each crawl plug-in unit can be attached to the jaw of spanner.But, this master Topic includes miscellaneous part and method for crawl plug-in unit is attached to jaw.
The thickness capturing plug-in unit also is able to be varied so that spanner can be with the pipeline of special diameter or pipe one Rise and use.
In the specific pattern of this theme, the circumferential length of each plug-in unit or arc length make to use in spanner Total circumferential length of plug-in unit set or arc length more than pipeline to be captured or the half of the girth of pipe.Again Illustrate, when being incorporated in spanner, capture extend around the periphery of plug-in unit surrounding target pipe or pipeline and Contact at least 180 °.
In the another aspect of this theme, each crawl plug-in unit is provided as having special ratios.Described ratio The circumferential length recorded along the gripping surface of plug-in unit or arc length size is made to be more than the gripping surface width of plug-in unit 2/3.When at the fixing of plug-in unit and using in spanner on tubular workpiece, capture the broad-ruler of plug-in unit The very little middle wire mandrel being parallel or generally parallel to tubular workpiece extends.The length dimension capturing plug-in unit is horizontal Pass through width dimensions.The other details that capture plug-in unit is provided herein.
The spanner of this theme can also include one or more biasing member, and it is by one or more Jaw is shifted onto relative to handle and/or relative to the ad-hoc location of other jaws.In some patterns, partially Put component (such as double torsion spring) to be positioned between the first jaw 30 and the far-end 24 of handle 20. Such as, biasing member can be arranged as around pivot pin 60, and can be configured to by jaw 30 (with Jaw 50 and 40 attached thereto) it is biased to ad-hoc location, such as open position or make position. Many in the spanner of this theme is configured such that multiple jaws (such as jaw 30,40 and 50) It is biased to make position.Can use and position double torsion spring or other biasing structures around pivot pin 60 Part is so that it provides this action.
Figure 14 illustrates the biasing member 90 between main jaw (such as jaw 30) and handle 20 Device.In the specific pattern of the spanner described in fig. 14, biasing member 90 is provided as double torsion bullet The form of spring.This spring can be positioned as around pivot pin 60.A specific pattern at this theme In, this spring is configured to such as promote main jaw 30 around pin 60 towards closing with the direction of arrow J Close position.It should be understood that this theme includes the modification of the specific embodiment described in Figure 14.
When using spanner, it can be useful that multiple jaws are biased to make position.This action purport At simulation ratcheting action so that user can be easily by inswept or through the position, angle of pinch bar In-migration applies moment to inner tube, and then makes the motion of spanner in the case of the most excessively opening jaw Reversely.That is, in the reverse period of spanner, owing to jaw to be pushed to spring or other structures of make position The bias action of part, multiple jaws keep being closely positioned, but are around inner tube and slide.
This theme also include using provide adjacent second and the 3rd between jaw (such as at joint A And/or at joint B) biasing member that provides.This joint bias component can be independent of at the first pincers Bias component between mouth and handle uses, or in connection.
In some patterns of spanner, one or more jaw can provide one or more Projection or outwardly extending member, such as, " refer to hook ".Refer to that an example of hook is shown with 75 in FIG Go out.It should be understood that this theme is included in any one in jaw and has except describing in Fig. 1 Refer to other shapes various, the finger hook configuring and being orientated or the similar members outside hook 75.Such as, generation For the 3rd jaw 50 or in addition to the 3rd jaw 50, it is possible at the second jaw 40 and/or first One or more is provided to refer to hook on jaw 30.And, refer to that hook laterally can extend on jaw side, Rather than extend radially outwardly from jaw.It is also contemplated that for the various configurations referring to hook.
The spanner of this theme can also include limited connection feature, and it limits the opening degree of spanner.When When using spanner, this feature can be useful so that being originally placed or being orientated (such as at spanner Around inner tube) period, multiple jaws keep specific and arrange rather than uncontrollably or unrestricted Move to other positions, such as towards handle.Multiple jaw is made to be maintained at closer to its make position Position in improve operation and the service efficiency of spanner.Fig. 5 illustrate in the close position in pull Hands 10 and the capture area C limited between jaw 30,40 and 50 produced.Fig. 6 illustrates place Spanner 10 in fully open position and limited connection feature, in this limited connection feature, limit Handle 20 (far-end 24 of such as handle 20) and the 3rd jaw 50 (the such as far-end of jaw 50 52) ultimate range between.
Fully open position makes by can footpath to be bonded to the inner tube in capture area or miscellaneous part To entering capture area.Specifically, when spanner in the close position middle time, it is possible to reference to friction material Maximum span between the opposite face of 70 or distance represent the far-end 52 of jaw 50 and handle 20 Limited stroke range between far-end 24.Depict when spanner is in Guan Bi span D in Figure 5 Maximum span time in make position.Is shown when spanner fully opens in figure 6 with span E Ultimate range between far-end and the handle 20 of three jaws 50.According to limited connection feature, span E Can be represented as closing the percent of span D.Therefore, in some patterns of this theme, span E is less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D, more particularly less than span The 200% of D, and in some applications, less than the 150% of span D.The spanner described in the accompanying drawings Specific pattern in, span E equal to Guan Bi span D about 111%.
Another aspect at this theme, it is possible to reference to when spanner is in a fully open position, first The ultimate range measured between the opposite face of the friction material 70 of jaw 30 and the second jaw 40 represents The limited connection feature of jaw.Fig. 6 shows this ultimate range with span F.At this theme one In a little patterns, span F less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D, more Particularly less than the 200% of span D, and in certain embodiments, less than the 150% of span D. In the specific pattern of the spanner shown in the accompanying drawings, span F is equal to about the 142% of Guan Bi span D.
Another aspect at this theme, it is possible to reference to when spanner is in a fully open position, second The ultimate range measured between the opposite face of the friction material 70 of jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 represents The limited connection feature of jaw.Fig. 7 shows this ultimate range with span G.At this theme one In a little patterns, span G less than the 300% of span D, more particularly less than the 250% of span D, More particularly less than the 200% of span D, and in some patterns, less than the 150% of span D. In the specific pattern of the spanner shown in the accompanying drawings, span G is equal to about the 142% of Guan Bi span D.
The spanner comprising limited connection feature can show and close span D and span E, F and G One or more in these characteristics described relevantly.Therefore, more specifically, such spanner At least one of the following or more can be shown: the far-end of (a) the 3rd jaw and the of handle Ultimate range between one end is less than closing the 300% of span, (b) the first jaw and the phase of the second jaw To the ultimate range between inside face less than the 300% of Guan Bi span, and (c) the second jaw and the 3rd Ultimate range between the relative interior face of jaw is less than the 300% of Guan Bi span.
In some patterns of spanner, table can be carried out by the maximum angular displacement of two nips of regulation Show limited connection feature.In certain embodiments, maximum angular displacement is about 180 °.At Fig. 6 In, this position is depicted between the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40；It is depicted in the figure 7 Between the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50.
Figure 13 illustrates can be (such as at the first jaw 30 and the second jaw 40 between nips Between joint A at) configuration that provides, to limit the connection between those jaws or angular expanse. Specifically, Figure 13 illustrates the second jaw 40 and has one or more outward extending shoulder 80, This shoulder 80 extends from the near-end 41 of jaw 40.First jaw 30 is included in the far-end of jaw 30 One or more stop surface 81 at 32, the position of this stop surface relatively close and with the second jaw The shoulder 80 of 40 relatively engages.Therefore, with reference to Figure 13 it can be seen that in the second jaw 40 phase During for the first jaw 30 to be such as at an angle of expansion with the direction of arrow I, the shoulder of the second jaw 40 Portion 80 will contact the stop surface 81 of the first jaw 30, and stop or limit any the most angled Expansion.This theme includes using multiple assembly and structural arrangement described herein limited to realize Connect aspect.It is to be understood, therefore, that this theme be not limited to as in this article diagram and/described in any Specific components.
As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, provide rub with specific configuration and/or orientation Wipe material.With inner tube or initially the contacting of outer surface of other cylindrical parts during, friction material It is configured and/or is oriented in one or more edge so that friction material or outer peripheral areas contact Pipe.In some patterns of spanner, contact between friction material and inner tube occurs initially and/or send out It is raw that in moment, from spanner, two opposite edges along each region of friction material are delivered to the morning of inner tube During stage phase.This figure 8 illustrates, wherein at duration of load, and the first edge of friction material 70 71 and the second relative edge 72 than the friction material 70 between the two edge region (such as in Region, face, portion 73) stand bigger stress.It should be understood that when spanner is used in inner tube, institute The first and second edges stating friction material generally upwardly extend in the side being parallel to the inner tube longitudinal axis.
Fig. 9 illustrates when bigger moment is applied to inner tube from spanner, in friction material 70 Stress distribution.Therefore, the contact area between friction material charge level and inner tube outer surface is along with the increasing of load Increase greatly.This shows bowed shape or profile at least partially through making friction material charge level be formed as Realizing, described bowed shape or profile are limited by the radius less than the radius of the outer surface of inner tube. In some patterns, the radius being defined the arcuate profile of friction material charge level is at inner tube outer surface Radius from 99.8% to 98% scope.Also as described in this article may be used at least partially through using Compression friction material realizes contact area between friction material charge level and inner tube along with the increase of load The feature increased.As it has been described above, in some patterns of this theme, friction material is selected as performance Go out the elastic mould value compressed during the use of spanner so that this material.On this point, have Scope is useful especially from the material of the elastic mould value of 15ksi to 1500ksi.This of friction material A little elastic mould values are more much smaller than the elastic mould value of steel, and steel is the typical case of inner tube or other cylindrical components Material.Therefore, in the use of spanner with during friction material imposed load, in friction material adapts to Pipe or the shape of other cylindrical components and/or profile.
On the other hand, this theme additionally provides between the far-end of handle and end or the 3rd jaw some The use of contact angle and specific engagement arrangement.Such as, Figure 10 illustrate in the close position in pull Hands 10, in make position, contact occurs at the ridge 25 of handle 20 with along the 3rd jaw 50 Between the composition surface 54 that far-end 52 extends.As should be understood, when inner tube being positioned at capture area C Time interior, adapt to the slight change of diameter of inner pipe by changing the ridge 25 contact position on face 54. For instance, it is possible to it is bigger by making ridge 25 move towards pivot pin 60 during spanner closes to adapt to Diameter.Pivot pin can be moved away during spanner closes by making ridge 25, until at friction material Less diameter is adapted to till there is enough contacts between 70 and inner tube.Spanner at this theme In some patterns, as from by pivot pin 62 and the plane that limits of middle wire mandrel of 64 measured by, Contact angle between ridge 25 and composition surface 54 is 10 ° to 30 °, and in other pattern, should Contact angle is of about 20 °.That plane is depicted as plane H in Fig. 10.
More specifically, be described herein as including providing at handle with the engaging zones described in the accompanying drawings On joint ridge (such as ridge 25) and composition surface (such as face 54) on end or the 3rd jaw. But, this theme includes variant configuration.Such as, composition surface can provide on handle, and engages ridge Can provide in handle end or the 3rd jaw.
In the another aspect of this theme, spanner can include in spanner is in the close position and load It is applied to spanner limit excessive load (i.e. compression stress and/or moment) is applied to be arranged in and is grabbed Take the parts of the inner tube in region or other cylindrical components.Figure 11 illustrate this parts one shows Example, is referred to herein as stop feature.Figure 11 depicts has the first jaw 30 and the 3rd jaw 50 Spanner 10, the first jaw 30 limits the first stop surface 38, and the 3rd jaw 50 limits the second stop surface 55.Stop surface 38 and 55 is positioned on the jaw of each of which so that this stop surface with to inner tube or Design point applies maximum permissible load (considering safety factors, such as the 75% of inner tube yield strength) phase The spanner close stage of association contacts with each other.Due to the contact between stop surface 38 and 55, as rubbed Wipe the span measured between the opposed area of material and minimize distance.Can also be by considering at spanner Use during stop surface 38 and 55 position relative to each other understand stop feature.Applying load Before lotus, the first stop surface 38 and the second stop surface 55 are separated from one another.Along with load is applied to pull Hands, friction material is compressed, and the inner tube that moment is applied in capture area, the first jaw 30 It is pulled towards each other with the 3rd jaw 50.Along with the generation of this situation, face 38 and 55 is displaced towards one another. Face 38 and 55 is positioned at and is positioned in the first jaw 30 and the 3rd jaw 50 so that when applying During big permissible load, face 38 and 52 contacts with each other.Therefore, it is possible to limit spanner crawl pressure and Peak moment.The most also system with spanner and the cylindrical component with known diameter describes in combination This feature.
This theme also include use make it possible to spanner in the close position middle time be only selectively adjusted Interval between dynamic face or the parts of distance.Therefore, by changing stop surface position relative to each other The Guan Bi span limited when spanner closes can be selectively changed by capture area.It should be understood that Changing maximum load increase or reduction that Guan Bi span makes to be placed on cylindrical component, described cylindrical component exists In capture area and be bonded on wherein.
Figure 12 be a diagram that the free body diagram of the self-locking feature of some spanners according to this theme. That is, in this feature, the second and the 3rd joint between jaw or pivot pin are relative to the choosing of this jaw Selecting property location can promote the 3rd jaw (and other jaws) and engaging further between inner tube.Phase As, additionally it is possible to by the joint between the first and second jaws or pivot pin relative to those jaws This feature is embodied in selectivity location, and described selectivity location promotes the second jaw (with other jaws) And the joint between inner tube.Figure 12 illustrates and uses on inner tube (not shown) in being positioned at capture area During spanner, the second jaw 40 and the 3rd jaw 50 and their pivot pin 64.When to spanner When handle applies power, the 3rd jaw 50 is made to shift, power to be executed by the power " F " at composition surface 54 It is added on friction material 70.The pressure produced on friction material 70 is across the surface distributed of friction material. But, equivalent force (or resulting net force) " N " is radially oriented the center of friction material.In Coulomb friction In, this power is referred to as normal force.Equivalence (or clean) frictional force " f " is directly proportional to " N " and is determined To for the angle in 90 ° about normal force, to resist the relative motion between friction material and inner tube, And thus pass torque to inner tube or other cylindrical components.Counteracting force " R " acts on pin 64 Position.With further reference to Figure 12, it can be seen that the position of frictional force " f " corresponds to and divides equally The line of the plane transverse intersection of friction material.I.e. x wire is with right angle and the plane phase dividing friction material equally Hand over.
By causing the 3rd jaw 50 around the anticlockwise moment of pin 64, power " F " is in friction Produce at material 70 and capture pressure (i.e. producing resulting net force " N ").Because the position quilt of frictional force " f " Be positioned at outside the centrage of pin 64, thus frictional force also produce around pin 64 anticlockwise Moment.Therefore, frictional force also has contribution to resulting net force " N ".Because frictional force has contribution also to " N " And proportional to " N ", so frictional force is from amplifying to a certain extent.Therefore, this configuration Self-locking can be referred to as.Considering static balance system, these relations the formula (I) such as can be represented as to (III):
ΣΜpin=0=F (Y+Z)+f (X)-N (Y) (I)
N (Y)=F (Y+Z)+f (X) (II)
N (Y)=F (Y+Z)+N μ (X) (III)
Waiting formula (I) in (III)；X, Y and Z are the distances between parts or feature, and μ is to rub Wipe coefficient.
Therefore, by being positioned so as to extend through pivotal line by the pivotal line between two nips, And it is oriented as put down parallel with the position of the frictional force in any one in described nips Face also extends across the self-locking feature realizing this theme at least partially of capture area.
In some patterns of spanner, ridge and end or the joint of the 3rd jaw can be engaged at handle One or more cover or shell is provided around the engaging zones between face.In some applications, it is provided that The sidewall of encirclement or at least partly above-mentioned engaging zones of encirclement or other components are to stop in that region (such as on the composition surface engaging ridge and/or end jaw of handle) dirt or debris accumulation are useful 's.There is provided these sidewalls or other components also limit entrance institute at least partially around engaging zones State engaging zones.
This theme additionally provides spanner and the system of cylindrical component (such as having the inner tube of given diameter). In certain embodiments, spanner is sized to and/or is configured for have the interior of given diameter Pipe.The following is representativeness, a non-limiting example of this system.System includes cylindrical component, example Such as core barrel inner tube, it has known diameter and the maximum permissible load being associated with this cylindrical component The limit.System also includes that spanner, described spanner include that (i) limits the first end and the handle of the second end, (ii) the multiple jaw member being articulated and connected, the plurality of jaw member includes pivotally being attached to The main jaw member of handle the first end and the end jaw member that can engage with handle, multiple jaw structures Each restriction inside face in part, and (iii) friction material, described friction material is arranged in multiple pincers In at least one of the inside face of mouth component.Spanner can be positioned in open position and make position it Between.Make position causes multiple jaw to limit closing capture area and in the opposed area of multiple jaws Friction material face between extend Guan Bi span.Spanner is configured such that relative to cylindrical component Diameter determine Guan Bi span size so that in cylindrical component is positioned at capture area and general When spanner navigates to make position, the load being applied to cylindrical component from spanner is less than and this cylindrical component The maximum permissible load limit being associated.
Spanner can be additionally configured to so that providing the first stop surface in main jaw member, and at end The second stop surface is provided in end jaw member.First and second stop surfaces are located such that relative to each other When spanner is navigated to make position, the first and second stop surfaces contact with each other.
This theme includes multiple modification assembly, configuration and parts.Such as, this theme potentially includes use There is the chain component being disposed with friction material thereon.
The another aspect of this theme relates to configuring crawl plug-in unit and/or determine size.As will understand that , it is possible to by increase stay in spanner use capture plug-in unit set in one or more or The whole total circumferential length of person increase capture plug-in unit set always capture surface area.Alternately Or additionally, it is possible to increased by one or more in increase crawl plug-in unit or whole width Capture greatly plug-in unit always captures surface area.But, total surface area that captures must be sufficiently small with by footpath To the power applied or load distribution to pipe to be captured, enabling realize enough between plug-in unit and pipe Friction, and sufficiently large to avoid the deformation of pipe.Can utilize such as the formula (IV) such as proposed below Particular kind of relationship estimate that the target of plug-in unit always captures surface area.
P = Δ D I , o u t e r E o u t e r ( D O , o u t e r 2 + D I , o u t e r 2 D O , o u t e r 2 - D I , o u t e r 2 + η o u t e r ) + D O , o u t e r E i n n e r ( D O , i n n e r 2 + D I , i n n e r 2 D O , i n n e r 2 - D I , i n n e r 2 - η i n n e r )
Allow estimation that arch can be utilized to capture plug-in unit D etc. formula (IV)o(it is positioned at as described herein and pulls To form known internal diameter D in handso, interior；Outer diameter Do, outward；With there is known elastic modulus EoGrab Take plug-in unit；With Poisson's ratio nouter) it is applied to tubular element D circumferentiallyI(known internal diameter DI, interior；Outer diameter DI, Outward；Elastic modulus EI；With Poisson's ratio ninnerPressure P on).
By waiting separating surface diameter difference Δ used in formula V calculation equation (IV):
Δ=DI, outer Do, interior (V)
Separating surface diameter difference Δ is corresponding to wait capturing the external diameter of tubular element and capturing plug-in unit when being positioned in spanner The difference of internal diameter.
After the maximum yield value determining tubular element (to be captured) and margin of safety factor values, it is possible to Assess whether as described in more detail herein to use proposed crawl plug-in unit not make tubular element become Shape.
Figure 15 schematically illustrates and for the crawl plug-in unit of specific workpiece to be captured or pipe or grabs for assessment Take the method 100 of the set of plug-in unit.It is depicted as in fig .15 in the first stage operating 105 to 130, side Method 100 includes the various sizes (i.e. internal diameter and external diameter) determining pipe and pipe and captures some materials of plug-in unit Can (i.e. elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio n).Method 100 also use proposed by capture the estimation of plug-in unit or build View size (that is, total circumferential length of the gripping surface of internal diameter and external diameter and plug-in unit).Method 100 provides energy The plug-in unit that captures proposed by enough utilizations is applied to the circumferential pressure P of pipe, is then based on capturing than GR to regulate pressure Power, to obtain the pressure (P') utilizing crawl plug-in unit to apply calculated.
In the second stage of the method 100 that such as figure 15 illustrates as operation 135 to 165, determine inner tube Maximum yield value (PMAX).Described method also includes specifying the minimum safe factor, then this is specified Value and the factor of safety value (FS calculatedCALC) compare.The described crawl compared proposed by permission assessment Whether plug-in unit can be used in combination in described safety range with described pipe.
More specifically, such as, method 100 can be the most equally spaced from each other fixed Perform in the system 200 of the position three crawl plug-in units 215,225 and 235 around pipe 210 to be captured.Ginseng According to Figure 15 and 16, method 100 include determining or measure pipe 210 (i.e. " inner tube ") to be captured internal diameter and One or more operation 105 of external diameter.The internal diameter of inner tube is referred to herein as " DI, interior " and at figure Shown in 16.The external diameter of inner tube is referred to herein as " DI, outer " and figure 16 illustrates.Operation 105 Also include that acquisition is referred to herein as " EI" inner tube elastic modelling quantity and be referred to herein as " nI" inner tube pool Pine ratio.
Method 100 also includes determining or measuring being referred to herein as " Eo" capture plug-in unit elastic modelling quantity and It is referred to herein as " no" capture plug-in unit Poisson's ratio one or more operation 110.EoAnd noCharacteristic It is about the substrate material capturing plug-in unit.If the substrate material capturing plug-in unit is known or is proposed, Then perform to determine or measure the operation of described characteristic.It should be understood that described method to include directly to advise described The value of characteristic.
Method 100 also includes that suggestion captures the configuration of plug-in unit or one or more operation 115 of size.Generally, If the set capturing plug-in unit to be used together, the most each crawl plug-in unit is of the same size with shape (i.e. Curvature and arciform form).Therefore, operation 115 suggestion is referred to herein as " Do, interior " and at Figure 16 Shown in the internal diameter of each crawl plug-in unit.Operation 115 also suggestion is referred to herein as " Do, outer " and The external diameter of each crawl plug-in unit that figure 16 illustrates.Should be understood that and specify internal diameter and the external diameter etc. capturing plug-in unit It is same as the thickness of specific plug-in.Operation 115 also includes that suggestion captures total circumferential length of the set of plug-in unit, should Length for each crawl plug-in unit the most as shown in Figure 16 along inner face 234 from capture plug-in unit 235 The arc length size that records to opposite end 232 of one end 231.Inner face 234 is contact (i.e. capturing) pipe 210 Face.Inner face 234 236 reversely guides from the outside.Crawl plug-in unit 235 is being attached or mounted in spanner Time, outside 236 generally contacts the jaw of spanner.Therefore, total circumferential length is the arc length of each crawl plug-in unit Sum.
Method 100 also includes that the formula V such as use calculate the operation 120 of separating surface diameter difference Δ.
In operation 125 with etc. after formula (IV) calculates pressure P, can utilize in operation 130 and grab Take and regulate this pressure to obtain the crawl of the plug-in unit proposed by utilizing than the pressure that can apply after regulation than GR Power P'.This is shown in below equation (VI).Capturing than GR is that all crawl plug-in units are managed with waiting to capture Between circular contact ratio.Such as, for the set capturing plug-in unit of the 2/3 contact pipe along its girth, grab Taking ratio can be 0.666.
P '=P GR (VI)
Figure 15 schematically depict the second stage of method 100, and it includes determining or measure the surrender of inner tube maximum Value (PMAX) one or more operation 135.It is for can be applied in the case of not making inner tube deformation The maximum pressure of inner tube.
Method 100 also includes specifying the minimum safe factor (FSMIN) one or more operation 140.Root According to present situation, industry, regulations or other criterions, this factor can be about 1.5 to 100 or bigger.At some In application, this factor can such as be about 20.
Described method also includes calculating factor of safety value (FSCALC).As proposed in waiting formula (VII), By utilizing the P obtained in operation 135MAXValue and by this value divided by the regulation obtained in operation 130 After pressure P' determine FSCALC:
FSCALC=PMAX/P' (VII)
This is shown as operating 145 in fig .15.
Described method also includes the factor of safety value (FS that will calculateCALC) and specify in operation 140 Little factor of safety value (FSMIN) compare one or more operation 150.If the factor calculated (FSCALC) less than or equal to the least factor (FSMIN), then safety specified by proposed crawl plug-in unit In the factor, as shown in 160.If FSCALCNot less than or equal to (being i.e. more than) FSMIN, then built The crawl plug-in unit of view is not in specifying factor of safety, as shown in 165.Therefore, method 100 provides use In assessment for capturing crawl plug-in unit proposed by specific workpiece (that is, its material and/or size and configuration) Convenient technique.
Example
The table 1 being set forth below summarizes term and lists representative value, and described representative value causes obtaining utilization The circumference that the crawl plug-in unit with the recommended value proposed in this table can be utilized to apply calculated etc. formula (IV) Pressure P.
The representative value of the term in the formula (IV) such as table 1-
Such as table 1 instruction calculate can utilize capture plug-in unit apply pressure P for 4596.928PSI it After, according to etc. formula (VI) utilize capture ratio GR regulate pressure P, with obtain regulation after pressure P'.With table The use capturing ratio capturing plug-in unit is associated 0.514 of 1 causes the regulation that can be applied on the pipe of table 1 After pressure P' be 2361.86PSI.
It is determined by or measures the maximum yield value (P of inner tubeMAX) assess the pressure after the regulation that can apply Whether power P' is in desired factor of safety.Such as utilize the inner tube maximum yield value of 50000PSI, by this value The factor of safety value calculated with acquisition divided by P'.By the factor of safety value calculated and expectation or the peace of minimum Total divisor compares to provide and captures plug-in unit instruction whether in desired factor of safety to proposed.
Specifically, the P of pressure P', 50000PSI after the regulation of previously determined 2361.86PSI is utilizedMAX And etc. formula (VII) calculate factor of safety FSCALCIt is 21.16974.Assume minimum safe factor FSMIN It is 20, it is allowed to proposed by comparison between factor of safety and assessment, whether system is in acceptable factor of safety In.
Following application according to this technology and development, other benefits many will become clear from without doubt.
Be incorporated herein by reference all patents specifically described herein, application, disclosed application, standard, The full content of article.
Should be understood that any one or more feature or the parts of an embodiment described herein can Be combined with one or more other features or the parts of another embodiment.Therefore, this theme includes herein The parts of embodiment described or any of feature and all combinations.
As described above, this theme solves the many being associated with strategy before, system and/or equipment and asks Topic.However, it should be understood that without departing from the claimed theme stated the most in the following claims Principle and scope in the case of, those skilled in the art can be described herein as and illustrated with solve Character, parts layout, material and the details of releasing this theme make various change.

Claims (26)

1. be applicable to the replaceable crawl plug-in unit used the spanner with multiple jaw member, described At least some in jaw member has the device for accommodating and keep described crawl plug-in unit, and described crawl is inserted Part includes:
Limiting the base material of concavity inner face, described base material shows, along described inner face, the Rockwell that scope is from 40 to 49 Hardness C；With
The layer containing metal carbides of this inner face is arranged and be bonded to inner face along described base material, described Layer limits the crawl surface exposed.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described base material is along the inner face table of described base material Reveal the HRC from 45 to 48.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described base material is along the inner face table of described base material Reveal the HRC of 47.
4. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of Claim 1-3, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
Capturing plug-in unit the most as claimed in claim 4, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
6. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of claim 1 to 5, wherein, arranges on the substrate Described layer containing metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
7. the crawl plug-in unit as according to any one of claim 1 to 6, wherein, described metal carbides are carbon Change tungsten.
8. a spanner, including:
Handle, which defines the first end and second end relative with described first end；
Having the first jaw of near-end, far-end, described first jaw defines inside face, described first jaw Near-end be pivotally attached to the first end of described handle；
Having the second jaw of near-end, far-end, described second jaw defines inside face, described second jaw Near-end at the first adapter assembly, be pivotally attached to the far-end of described first jaw；
Having the 3rd jaw of near-end, far-end, described 3rd jaw defines inside face, described 3rd jaw Near-end at the second adapter assembly, be pivotally attached to the far-end of described second jaw, described 3rd pincers The far-end of mouth is releasably coupled with the first end of described handle；
At least one captures plug-in unit, and it is attached to described first jaw, described second jaw and described 3rd pincers The inside face of at least one in Kou, described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines the base material of concavity inner face, institute State base material and show, along described inner face, the HRC that scope is from 40 to 49, and (ii) is along described base material Inner face arrange and be bonded to the layer containing metal carbides of this inner face, described layer defines grabbing of exposure Take surface.
9. spanner as claimed in claim 8, wherein, described spanner includes being attached to described first jaw First capture plug-in unit, be attached to the second crawl plug-in unit and be attached to described 3rd jaw of described second jaw 3rd captures plug-in unit.
10. the spanner as according to any one of claim 8 to 9, wherein, at least one crawl plug-in unit described It is removably attached at least one in described first jaw, described second jaw and described 3rd jaw.
11. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 10, wherein, described base material is along described base material Inner face show the HRC from 45 to 48.
12. spanners as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described base material shows along the inner face of described base material Go out the HRC of 47.
13. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 12, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
14. spanners as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
15. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 14, wherein, arrange containing on the substrate The described layer having metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
16. spanners as according to any one of claim 8 to 15, wherein, described metal carbides are carbonization Tungsten.
17. 1 kinds of spanners, including:
Handle, which defines the first end and the second end；
Multiple hinged jaw member, the plurality of jaw member includes that the first end pivoting with described handle turns The main jaw member being attached and the end jaw member that can engage with described handle dynamicly, the plurality of jaw Each of which in component defines inside face；
At least one captures plug-in unit, and it is attached to the inside face of at least one in the plurality of jaw member, Described crawl plug-in unit includes: (i) defines that the base material of concavity inner face, described base material show along described inner face Scope from 40 to 49 HRC, and (ii) arranges along the inner face of described base material and to be bonded to this interior The layer containing metal carbides in face, described layer defines the crawl surface of exposure.
18. spanners as claimed in claim 17, wherein, described spanner includes multiple crawl plug-in unit, each Capture plug-in unit and be attached to corresponding jaw member.
19. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 18, wherein, at least one crawl described is inserted Part is removably attached at least one in the plurality of jaw member.
20. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 19, wherein, described base material is along described base The inner face of material shows the HRC from 45 to 48.
21. spanners as claimed in claim 20, wherein, described base material shows along the inner face of described base material Go out the HRC of 47.
22. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 21, wherein, described base material is made up of wrought iron.
23. spanners as claimed in claim 22, wherein, described wrought iron is 4140 wrought iron.
24. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 23, wherein, arrange on the substrate Layer containing metal carbides has the thickness from 0.0045 inch to 0.0075 inch.
25. spanners as according to any one of claim 17 to 24, wherein, described metal carbides are carbon Change tungsten.
Whether the crawl plug-in unit of the suggestion in spanner and specific tube are used together at finger by 26. 1 kinds for assessment Method in Dingan County's total divisor, described method includes:
Determine the internal diameter of described pipe, the external diameter of described pipe, the elastic modelling quantity of described pipe and the Poisson of described pipe Ratio；
Advise elastic modelling quantity and the Poisson's ratio of described crawl plug-in unit of described crawl plug-in unit；
Advise the internal diameter of described crawl plug-in unit, the external diameter of described crawl plug-in unit and the circumference of described crawl plug-in unit Length；
Calculate the circumferential pressure P that plug-in unit applies that captures utilizing described suggestion, wherein, pass through etc. formula (IV) and (V) described circumferential pressure P is calculated；
Determine that GR is compared in the crawl capturing plug-in unit using described suggestion；
The formula (VI) such as utilization calculate the pressure P' after regulation；
Determine the maximum yield value P of described pipeMAX；
Specify minimum safe factor FSMIN；
The formula (VII) such as utilization calculate factor of safety FSCALC；
Factor of safety FS that will calculateCALCWith minimum safe factor FSMINCompare；
Wherein, if (i) factor of safety FS of calculatingCALCLess than or equal to minimum safe factor FSMIN, The most described suggestion capture plug-in unit in the factor of safety specified, and (ii) if calculate safe because of Sub-FSCALCMore than minimum safe factor FSMIN, then described suggestion capture plug-in unit not specify safe because of In son.
CN201580007086.3A 2014-03-10 2015-02-11 Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches Pending CN105980110A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US14/202,611 US9434055B2 (en) 2013-04-01 2014-03-10 Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches
US14/202,611 2014-03-10
PCT/US2015/015312 WO2015138070A1 (en) 2014-03-10 2015-02-11 Replaceable gripping inserts for wrenches

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TWI704034B (en) * 2019-05-31 2020-09-11 胡厚飛 Wrench for fast reciprocating operation
TWI695758B (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-06-11 胡厚飛 Wrench for reciprocating operation of connecting fasteners

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