CN105977970B - A kind of power distribution network intelligent trouble restoration methods containing distributed generation resource - Google Patents
A kind of power distribution network intelligent trouble restoration methods containing distributed generation resource Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of power distribution network intelligent trouble restoration methods containing distributed generation resource, it is temporary fault that this method, which is directed to the major part occurred in current power distribution network, consider that the permeability of Distributed Generation in Distribution System gradually steps up, fault recovery method selects the restoration methods based on distributed generation resource or based on topology reconstruction using first order load and the total recovery rate of load as criterion according to fault incidence.In failover procedure, for isolated fault point and recover the non-faulting load of dead electricity, influence branch rate of load condensate minimum with failure recovery time and fault recovery and load may be recovered to be up to object function, progressively recover the load in power distribution network.The present invention gives detailed arthmetic statement as test system using 53 meshed networks, and proves that institute's extracting method is improving fault recovery speed and effectively increasing the resume speed of first order load by a series of experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distributed power supply and fault recovery, in particular to an intelligent fault recovery method for a power distribution network with distributed power supplies.
Background
In recent years, the permeability of various forms of distributed power supplies has been significantly improved in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuels and to improve the stability of power distribution networks. However, due to the bidirectional tide caused by the fact that the distributed power supply is connected into the power distribution network, the problems of system failure rate improvement, protection failure and the like can be caused, and new requirements are provided for the operation control and the failure recovery speed of the power distribution network. Meanwhile, in a distribution network with high permeability of the distributed power supply, the distributed power supply can also provide energy for fault recovery, and the fault recovery speed is accelerated.
Generally, fault recovery is the maximum restoration of the supply of a lost electrical load, particularly a primary load, in the shortest possible time. However, the currently used fault recovery method does not consider the influence range of the fault, and the fault recovery is performed by adopting a topology reconstruction method during the fault. However, due to more temporary faults in the distribution network, the power flow change caused by frequent topology reconstruction is also disadvantageous to the safety and stability of the system. Furthermore, the method of topology reconfiguration requires the operation of the associated switches, which are generally more time-consuming to operate than the circuit breakers on the branches. Therefore, from the viewpoint of time of failure recovery, it is also disadvantageous to perform failure recovery by changing the topology of the system in the case where a short-range failure occurs.
In a distribution network under the high permeability of the distributed power supply, some small-range faults can supply power to the power-losing load again by means of the nearby distributed power supply under the condition that the topological structure of the system is not changed. However, since the capacity of the distributed power supply in the distribution network is limited, a suitable fault recovery method needs to be found out by reasonably balancing the fault range and the distributed power supply capacity in the fault recovery process, so that the distributed power supply can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the fault recovery speed is increased. Therefore, in order to implement an intelligent fault recovery strategy in a distribution network, a reasonable criterion is needed to distinguish a fault recovery method based on a distributed power supply from a fault recovery method based on topology reconstruction. The failure recovery rate is an important index for judging failure recovery, and therefore, the failure recovery rate of the primary load and the recovery rates of all the power-loss loads are used for distinguishing the use ranges of the two methods. Meanwhile, after the method adopted by the fault recovery is determined, when the recovery path is selected, the fault recovery time, the fault recovery speed and the influence of the fault recovery on other normal lines in the distribution network need to be considered at the same time. Based on the knowledge, the invention establishes a fault recovery model which simultaneously considers the three factors, realizes the recovery of loads as much as possible, particularly first-level loads, in the shortest time possible in the fault recovery process, and ensures the minimum influence on other lines in the distribution network in the recovery process, namely finally realizes the optimal compromise between the rapidity and the safety of the fault recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing fault recovery strategy, the invention aims to provide an intelligent fault recovery method for a power distribution network with a distributed power supply.
The invention is realized by the following technical means, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: a method for recovering intelligent faults of a power distribution network with distributed power supplies comprises the following steps:
step (1): detecting whether all nodes in the power distribution network system have faults at intervals of delta t;
step (2): when a fault occurs, disconnecting the branch isolating switch affected by the fault according to a topological structure in the power distribution network system, and calculating the load flow distribution at the moment of the fault;
and (3): judging whether the capacity of the distributed power supply in the power loss region can meet the supply of the power loss load or not according to the power flow distribution; the method specifically comprises the following steps: if the capacity of the distributed power supply can satisfy 80% of all the primary loads in the power loss state and the non-primary loads in the power loss state, that is, the following conditions are satisfied:
∑PDGs≥∑Pcritical loads+80％×∑Pnoncritical loads
wherein, Sigma PDGsRepresenting the available capacity of all distributed power sources in the power loss area; sigma Pcritical loadsFirst-order load, SIG P, representing a power-loss conditionnoncritical loadsA non-primary load in the outage region; in the fault recovery process, a fault recovery method based on a distributed power supply is adopted for recovery; otherwise, the state of the associated switch of the system is changed to recover the fault.
Further, in step 3, the fault recovery method based on the distributed power supply specifically includes:
(A1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of a direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch does not include a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(A1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, a part of load can be recovered and supplied, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using expression (1):
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(A1.2) Indirect restoration load P of i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (2):
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,ijAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqRecovering the number of the branch circuits required to be recovered for the q-th load to be recovered after recovering the ith recoverable branch circuit;
(A1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression (3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (3)
(A2) weighting the normalized values of the load recovery capacity and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by expression (5):
(A3) weighting the normalized values of the load recovery capacity and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by expression (5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β3φ(f3i) (5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of3iis a normalized value of the branch load recovery capacity, beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
(A4) Calculating and checking whether the system meets the load flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after recovering the branch; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
wherein,Vis the lower limit of the line voltage;is the lower limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(A5) if not, then excluding the branch which does not satisfy the constraint currently from the recoverable branch; repeating steps (A3) and (a4) until the smallest recoverable branch satisfying the constraint is found; and recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system.
(A6) Repeating steps (A1) - (A5) until all recoverable loads are recovered.
Further, in step 3, changing the system topology to recover from the fault specifically includes:
(B1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of a direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch comprises a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(B1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, a part of load can be recovered and supplied, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using expression (1):
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(B1.2) Indirect restoration load P of i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (2):
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,ijAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqRecovering the number of the branch circuits required to be recovered for the q-th load to be recovered after recovering the ith recoverable branch circuit;
(B1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression (3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (3)
(B2) calculating risk coefficients of all recoverable branches in the current state, namely, calculating a normalized weighted value which is a normalized weighted value which can cause the increase of the load rate of other non-fault branches due to the recovery of a certain branch; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the risk factor of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated by expression (4):
wherein, L is the number of branch circuits causing the trend change after the ith recoverable branch circuit is recovered; i islThe actual current of the l branch; i islimit,lThe current capacity of the l branch;
(B3) calculating the operation time cost of all recoverable branches in the current state; dividing all nodes in the system into different areas according to buses connected with the nodes, wherein if the switches on the branches are related switches, the time cost is 0.4; if the switch on the branch is not the correlated switch, judging the time cost according to whether the nodes connected with the two ends of the branch are in the same region, and if the nodes are in the same region, the time cost of the breaker is 0.1; if the circuit breakers are not in the same area, the time cost of the circuit breaker is 0.2;
(B4) weighting the normalized values of the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level, further taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by expression (5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β2φ(f2i)+β3φ(f3i) (5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of2iThe normalized value of the branch risk coefficient is obtained; f. of3iis a normalized value of the branch load recovery capacity, beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β2as a weight of the branch risk factor, β2＝3；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
(B5) Calculating and checking whether the system meets the load flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after recovering the branch; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
wherein,Vis the lower limit of the line voltage;is the lower limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(B6) if not, then excluding the branch which does not satisfy the constraint currently from the recoverable branch; repeating the steps (B4) to (B5) until the smallest recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition is found; and recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system.
(B7) Repeating steps (B1) - (B6) until all recoverable loads are recovered.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the fault influence range and the recovery capability of the distributed power supply in the fault on the power-loss load, the importance of the primary load and the influence on the safety and the stability of the system in the recovery process are fully considered, and the intelligent fault recovery algorithm is realized. The intelligent recovery algorithm can fully utilize a part of non-primary loads selectively recovered by the distributed power supply in the fault area on the premise of meeting the requirement of quick recovery of the primary loads, and can effectively reduce the time cost of fault recovery and the influence of frequent system topological structure changes on the stability and the safety of the system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the topology of the test system (53-node network) of the present method;
FIG. 3 is a graph of active and reactive power at each node in the test system;
fig. 4 is a graph of the change of the first-stage load/all-load recovery rate under two fault recovery methods in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of node overvoltage rate under two fault recovery methods in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a line current margin curve under two fault recovery methods in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of recovery costs in two failure recovery methods according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of the change of the first-stage load/all-load recovery rate under two fault recovery methods in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a graph of node overvoltage rate under two fault recovery methods in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a line current margin curve under two fault recovery methods in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a recovery cost curve in two failure recovery methods in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 shows a process flow diagram of the invention. Specific implementations thereof will be described below with reference to specific examples. The specific steps of the 53-node test network are described, and the topology structure is shown in fig. 2.
The load data curve of each node in the system is shown in fig. 3. Wherein, the nodes 8, 9, 12, 18, 22, 30, 33, 39 and 40 are first-level load nodes; and there is a distributed power source on nodes 19, 24, 35, 49, 28, 37, 39, 27.
(1) And detecting at intervals of delta t, and judging whether all nodes in the power distribution network system have faults at the current moment.
(2) And when the fault occurs, disconnecting the branch isolating switch affected by the fault according to the topological structure in the power distribution network system, and calculating the load flow distribution at the moment of the fault.
(3) In order to reduce the frequent change of the system power flow caused by the frequent change of the topological structure of the system and the frequent operation of the associated switch in the system, before the fault is recovered, whether the capacity of the distributed power supply in the power loss area can meet the supply of the power loss load is judged according to the power flow distribution. The method specifically comprises the following steps: if the capacity of the distributed power supply can satisfy 80% of all the primary loads in the power loss state and the non-primary loads in the power loss state, that is, the following conditions are satisfied:
∑PDGs≥∑Pcritical loads+80％×∑Pnoncritical loads
wherein, Sigma PDGsRepresenting the available capacity of all distributed power sources in the power loss area; sigma Pcritical loadsFirst-order load, SIG P, representing a power-loss conditionnoncritical loadsA non-primary load in the outage region; in the fault recovery process, a fault recovery method based on a distributed power supply is adopted for recovery; otherwise, the state of the associated switch of the system is changed to recover the fault.
(4) If the corresponding topology reconstruction method is selected according to the condition judgment in the step 3 and is a fault recovery method based on the distributed power supply, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(4.1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of the direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch comprises a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(4.1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, supplying can be recovered for a part of load, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using expression (1):
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(4.1.2) Indirect recovered load P of the i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (2):
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,ijAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqRecovering the number of the branch circuits required to be recovered for the q-th load to be recovered after recovering the ith recoverable branch circuit;
(4.1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression (3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (3)
(4.2) calculating the operation time cost of all recoverable branches in the current state; dividing all nodes in the system into different areas according to buses connected with the nodes, wherein if the switches on the branches are related switches, the time cost is 0.4; if the switch on the branch is not the correlated switch, judging the time cost according to whether the nodes connected with the two ends of the branch are in the same region, and if the nodes are in the same region, the time cost of the breaker is 0.1; if the circuit breakers are not in the same area, the time cost of the circuit breaker is 0.2;
(4.3) weighting the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level to obtain normalized values, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by expression (5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β2φ(f2i)+β3φ(f3i) (5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of2iThe normalized value of the branch risk coefficient is obtained; f. of3iis a normalized value of the branch load recovery capacity, beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β2as a weight of the branch risk factor, β2＝3；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
(4.4) calculating and checking whether the system meets the load flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after the branch is recovered; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
wherein,Vis the lower limit of the line voltage;is the lower limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(4.5) if the branch can not meet the constraint, excluding the branch which can not meet the constraint currently from the recoverable branches, and repeating the steps (4.3) and (4.4) until the smallest recoverable branch which can meet the constraint condition is found; and recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system.
(4.6) repeating steps (4.1) to (4.5) until all recoverable loads are restored.
(5) If the corresponding topology reconstruction method is selected according to the condition judgment in the step 3 and is a fault recovery method based on topology reconstruction, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(5.1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of a direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch comprises a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(5.1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, supplying can be recovered for a part of load, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using expression (1):
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(5.1.2) Indirect restoration load P of i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (2):
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,ijAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqRecovering the number of the branch circuits required to be recovered for the q-th load to be recovered after recovering the ith recoverable branch circuit;
(5.1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression (3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (3)
(5.2) calculating the risk coefficients of all recoverable branches in the current state, namely the risk coefficients are normalized weighted values which can cause the increase of the load rates of other non-fault branches due to the recovery of a certain branch; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the risk factor of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated by expression (4):
wherein, L is the number of branch circuits causing the trend change after the ith recoverable branch circuit is recovered; i islThe actual current of the l branch; i islimit,lThe current capacity of the l branch;
(5.3) calculating the operation time cost of all recoverable branches in the current state; dividing all nodes in the system into different areas according to buses connected with the nodes, wherein if the switches on the branches are related switches, the time cost is 0.4; if the switch on the branch is not the correlated switch, judging the time cost according to whether the nodes connected with the two ends of the branch are in the same region, and if the nodes are in the same region, the time cost of the breaker is 0.1; if the circuit breakers are not in the same area, the time cost of the circuit breaker is 0.2;
(5.4) weighting the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level to obtain normalized values, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by expression (5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β2φ(f2i)+β3φ(f3i) (5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of2iThe normalized value of the branch risk coefficient is obtained; f. of3iis a normalized value of the branch load recovery capacity, beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β2as a weight of the branch risk factor, β2＝3；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
(5.5) calculating and checking whether the system meets the power flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after the branch is recovered; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
wherein,Vis the lower limit of the line voltage;is the lower limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(5.6) if the branch can not meet the constraint, excluding the branch which can not meet the constraint currently from the recoverable branches, and repeating the steps (5.1) and (5.5) until the smallest recoverable branch which can meet the constraint condition is found; and recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system.
(5.7) repeating steps (5.1) to (5.6) until all recoverable loads are restored.
In the following embodiments, under consideration of a method based on intelligent fault recovery, the limitation of the primary load is emphasized, and the fast recovery of the primary load is realized (embodiment 1); under the premise of considering the primary load, the intelligent recovery method is considered, so that the maximum utilization of the distributed energy in fault recovery is realized (embodiment 2), and the advantages and the features of the invention are easily understood by those skilled in the art, so that the protection scope of the invention is clearly and clearly defined.
Example 1
In the embodiment, on the premise of considering the first-level load, when a single-node fault occurs, the first-level load, the recovery degrees and the recovery costs of all the loads, and the influence on the stability and the safety of the system in the recovery process are analyzed.
The system respectively operates under the condition whether the priority and the partition of the primary load are considered, the recovery condition of each single node fault in the system is analyzed, taking the fault of the node 1 as an example, the specific process is as follows:
(1) and detecting at intervals of delta t, and judging whether all nodes in the power distribution network system have faults at the current moment.
(2) When a fault occurs at the node 1, the branch circuit isolating switches 1-9 affected by the fault are disconnected according to the topological structure in the power distribution network system, the distributed power supply is prevented from operating in an island state, and the load flow distribution at the moment of the fault is calculated.
(3) Before the fault is recovered, judging whether the capacity of the distributed power supply in the power loss region can meet the supply of the power loss load according to the topological structure at the fault moment in the step (2) in order to reduce the frequent change of the system power flow caused by the frequent change of the topological structure of the system and the frequent operation of the associated switch in the system; by judgment, the capacity of the distributed power supply cannot meet the supply of all the primary loads and 80% of the power-loss loads, and the topological structure of the system must be changed, namely the associated switch state of the system is changed.
(4) The load recovery capability of all recoverable branches (branches 6, 7, 51, 52 and 57) in the current state is first calculated.
(5) And calculating the risk coefficient of each recoverable branch in the current state.
(6) And calculating the time cost for recovering each recoverable branch in the current state.
(7) And weighting the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level to obtain normalized values, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time.
(8) Calculating and checking the power flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint of the system after the branch is recovered;
(9) if all the constraint conditions are not met, repeating the steps (7) and (8) until recoverable branches meeting the constraint conditions are found; if all the constraint conditions are met, the topological structure of the system is updated
(10) And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (9) until all the recoverable loads are recovered.
The experimental steps (1) - (10) are repeated considering all single node failure conditions in the system. The results of the two comparative experiments are compared and shown in FIGS. 4-7. It can be known from embodiment 1 that, when two factors, that is, the priority of the primary load and the cost of the path operation time caused by the partition are different, are considered, the recovery speed of the primary load is obviously improved, but the overall fault recovery speed is not affected, and the safety and the stability of the system are slightly improved. Due to the priority of the first-level load, the recovery cost under the condition of few single-node faults is increased, but due to the consideration of the partition, the non-fault nodes in the same area can be effectively utilized to recover power supply, so that the fault recovery cost of the system is obviously reduced.
Example 2
The embodiment analyzes the recovery degree, the recovery cost and the influence on the system stability and safety in the recovery process of the first-level load and all loads when a single-node fault occurs on the premise of the intelligent fault recovery method.
The system respectively operates under the condition of considering whether an intelligent fault recovery method is adopted, analyzes the recovery condition of each node in the system when the node 1 fails, and takes the failure of the node 1 as an example, the specific process is as follows:
(1) and detecting at intervals of delta t, and judging whether all nodes in the power distribution network system have faults at the current moment.
(2) When a fault occurs at the node 1, the branch isolating switches 1-9 affected by the fault are disconnected according to the topological structure in the power distribution network system, the distributed power supply is prevented from operating in an island state, and the load flow distribution at the moment of the fault is calculated.
(3) If an intelligent recovery method is considered, before fault recovery, whether the capacity of the distributed power supply in the power loss area can meet the supply of the power loss load is judged according to the power flow distribution; by judgment, the capacity of the distributed power supply cannot meet the supply of all the primary loads and 80% of the power-loss loads, and the topological structure of the system must be changed, namely the associated switch state of the system is changed. If the intelligent recovery method is not considered, a fault recovery method based on topology reconstruction is directly adopted.
(4) First, the load recovery capability of all recoverable branches (branches 6, 7, 51, 52 and 57) in the current state is calculated as follows:
(5) and calculating the risk coefficient of each recoverable branch in the current state.
(6) And calculating the time cost for recovering each recoverable branch in the current state.
(7) And weighting the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level to obtain normalized values, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time.
(8) Calculating and checking the power flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint of the system after the branch is recovered;
(9) if all the constraint conditions are not met, repeating the steps (7) and (8) until recoverable branches meeting the constraint conditions are found; and if all the constraint conditions are met, updating the topological structure of the system.
(10) And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (9) until all the recoverable loads are recovered.
And (3) considering the fault condition of all single nodes in the system, repeating the experimental steps (1) to (10), and comparing two groups of experimental results, as shown in fig. 8 to fig. 11. From the embodiment 2, when the intelligent fault recovery method is adopted, the recovery rate and the recovery speed of the primary load are obviously improved, but the overall fault recovery speed is not influenced, and the safety and the stability of the system are slightly improved. Due to the adoption of the intelligent recovery algorithm, the distributed power supply in the fault range can be effectively utilized to recover power supply, and the intelligent recovery algorithm has a remarkable effect on reducing the fault recovery cost.
Claims (1)
1. A method for recovering intelligent faults of a power distribution network with distributed power supplies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): detecting whether all nodes in the power distribution network system have faults at intervals of delta t;
step (2): when a fault occurs, disconnecting the branch isolating switch affected by the fault according to a topological structure in the power distribution network system, and calculating the load flow distribution at the moment of the fault;
and (3): judging whether the capacity of the distributed power supply in the power loss region can meet the supply of the power loss load or not according to the power flow distribution; the method specifically comprises the following steps: if the capacity of the distributed power supply can satisfy 80% of all the primary loads in the power loss state and the non-primary loads in the power loss state, that is, the following conditions are satisfied:
∑PDGs≥∑Pcritical loads+80％×∑Pnoncritical loads
wherein, Sigma PDGsRepresenting the available capacity of all distributed power sources in the power loss area; sigma Pcritical loadsFirst-order load, SIG P, representing a power-loss conditionnoncritical loadsA non-primary load representing a power loss condition; in the fault recovery process, a fault recovery method based on a distributed power supply is adopted for recovery; otherwise, changing the topological structure of the system to recover the fault;
in the step (3), the fault recovery method based on the distributed power supply specifically includes:
(A1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of a direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch does not include a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(A1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, a part of load can be recovered and supplied, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using the expression (A-1):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(A1.2) Indirect restoration load P of i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (A-2):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>distance</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,iqAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqRecovering the number of the branch circuits required to be recovered for the q-th load to be recovered after recovering the ith recoverable branch circuit;
(A1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression (A-3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (A‐3)
(A2) calculating the operation time cost of all recoverable branches in the current state; dividing all nodes in the system into different areas according to buses connected with the nodes, wherein if the switches on the branches are related switches, the time cost is 0.4; if the switch on the branch is not the correlated switch, judging the time cost according to whether the nodes connected with the two ends of the branch are in the same region, and if the nodes are in the same region, the time cost of the breaker is 0.1; if the circuit breakers are not in the same area, the time cost of the circuit breaker is 0.2;
(A3) weighting the normalized values of the load recovery capacity and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level, taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by an expression (A-5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β3φ(f3i) (A‐5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of3iLoad recovery for a branchnormalized value of Complex ability,. beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
<mrow> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>70</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>9</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
(A4) Calculating and checking whether the system meets the load flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after recovering the branch; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
<mrow> <munder> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </munder> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <mover> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> </mrow>
<mrow> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&le;</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>I</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow>
wherein,Vis the lower limit of the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(A5) if not, then excluding the branch which does not satisfy the constraint currently from the recoverable branch; repeating steps (A3) and (a4) until the smallest recoverable branch satisfying the constraint is found; recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system;
(A6) repeating steps (a1) - (a5) until all recoverable loads are recovered;
in the step (3), the system topology is changed to recover the fault, specifically:
(B1) calculating the load recovery capacity of all recoverable branches in the current state, wherein the load recovery capacity comprises the size of a direct recovery load and the position relation of each recoverable branch to the residual load to be recovered; the recoverable branch comprises a system association switch, and specifically comprises:
(B1.1) assuming that n branches can be recovered in the current state, if one branch is recovered, a part of load can be recovered and supplied, and the part of load is the direct recovery load of the branch; the direct recovery load of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated using the expression (B-1):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>k</mi> </munderover> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein k is the number of direct recovery loads of the ith recoverable branch; rhojFor the weight of the jth direct recovery load, if it is the first-order load ρj100; otherwise, ρj＝1；PjThe magnitude of the direct recovery load for the jth;
(B1.2) Indirect restoration load P of i-th recoverable Branchindirect loads(i) Calculated using expression (B-2):
<mrow> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>m</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&rho;</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msub> <mo>&times;</mo> <msub> <mi>P</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>r</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>c</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>distance</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mi>q</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein m is the number of the residual loads to be recovered after the ith recoverable branch is selected to be recovered; pindirect loads,iqAfter the ith recoverable branch is recovered, the size of the qth load to be recovered; distanceiqTo recover the ith recoverable branch after recovering the ith recoverable branchq branches of the load to be recovered need to be recovered;
(B1.3) comprehensively considering the direct/indirect recovery load, and calculating the load recovery capacity of the ith recoverable branch by using an expression B- (3):
Precover loads(i)＝Pdirect loads(i)+Pindirect loads(i) (B‐3)
(B2) calculating risk coefficients of all recoverable branches in the current state, namely, calculating a normalized weighted value which is a normalized weighted value which can cause the increase of the load rate of other non-fault branches due to the recovery of a certain branch; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the risk factor of the i-th recoverable branch is calculated by the expression (B-4):
<mrow> <mi>R</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <munderover> <mo>&Sigma;</mo> <mrow> <mi>l</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>L</mi> </munderover> <mfrac> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>l</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>lim</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mrow> <mi>lim</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>t</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>l</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
wherein, L is the number of branch circuits causing the trend change after the ith recoverable branch circuit is recovered; i islThe actual current of the l branch; i islimit,lElectricity for the l branchA flow capacity;
(B3) calculating the operation time cost of all recoverable branches in the current state; dividing all nodes in the system into different areas according to buses connected with the nodes, wherein if the switches on the branches are related switches, the time cost is 0.4; if the switch on the branch is not the correlated switch, judging the time cost according to whether the nodes connected with the two ends of the branch are in the same region, and if the nodes are in the same region, the time cost of the breaker is 0.1; if the circuit breakers are not in the same area, the time cost of the circuit breaker is 0.2;
(B4) weighting the normalized values of the load recovery capacity, the risk coefficient and the time cost of each recoverable branch according to the importance level, further taking the normalized values as recovery cost matrix elements of the recoverable branches, and selecting a branch with the minimum cost from the matrix each time; wherein, the recovery cost of the recoverable branch is calculated by an expression (B-5):
Cost(i)＝β1φ(f1i)+β2φ(f2i)+β3φ(f3i) (B‐5)
wherein f is1iNormalized value for time cost; f. of2iThe normalized value of the branch risk coefficient is obtained; f. of3iis a normalized value of the branch load recovery capacity, beta1as a weight of the time cost, β1＝1；β2as a weight of the branch risk factor, β2＝3；β3weight of the load recovery capability of the branch, beta3(ii) 5; and φ is a penalty function for x ∈ [0,1 ]]Is provided with
<mrow> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mo>&prime;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfenced open = "{" close = ""> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>9</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>70</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd> <mrow> <mn>9</mn> <mo>/</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mfenced> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow>
(B5) Calculating and checking whether the system meets the load flow operation constraint and the line safety constraint after recovering the branch; for all branches, the line safety constraints are:
<mrow> <munder> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </munder> <mo>&le;</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&le;</mo> <mover> <mi>V</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> </mrow>
<mrow> <msup> <mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>&le;</mo> <msup> <mover> <mi>I</mi> <mo>&OverBar;</mo> </mover> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow>
wherein V is the lower limit of the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line voltage; v is the line voltage;is the upper limit of the line current; i is line current;
(B6) if not, then excluding the branch which does not satisfy the constraint currently from the recoverable branch; repeating the steps (B4) to (B5) until the smallest recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition is found; recovering the minimum recoverable branch meeting the constraint condition, and updating the topological structure of the system;
(B7) repeating steps (B1) - (B6) until all recoverable loads are recovered.
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