CN105974722A - Display apparatus and light emitting device - Google Patents

Display apparatus and light emitting device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105974722A
CN105974722A CN201610119834.3A CN201610119834A CN105974722A CN 105974722 A CN105974722 A CN 105974722A CN 201610119834 A CN201610119834 A CN 201610119834A CN 105974722 A CN105974722 A CN 105974722A
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China
Prior art keywords
light
photoluminescent layers
wavelength
mentioned
periodic structure
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CN201610119834.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105974722B (en
Inventor
平泽拓
稻田安寿
桥谷享
新田充
山木健之
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G03B21/20—Lamp housings
    • G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
    • G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
    • G03B21/204—LED or laser light sources using secondary light emission, e.g. luminescence or fluorescence
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S8/00—Lighting devices intended for fixed installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
    • F21V9/40—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters with provision for controlling spectral properties, e.g. colour, or intensity

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)

Abstract

A display apparatus and a light emitting device are provided; the display apparatus includes an excitation light source that outputs excitation light; a light-emitting device including a photoluminescent layer that receives the excitation light and emits light including first light having a wavelength gamma a in air, and a light-transmissive layer located on or near the photoluminescent layer; and an optical shutter on an optical path of the light emitted from the photoluminescent layer. A surface structure is defined on at least one of the photoluminescent layer and the light-transmissive layer, and the surface structure has projections or recesses or both and limits a directional angle of the first light having the wavelength gamma a in air.

Description

Display device and light-emitting device
Technical field
The present invention relates to display device and light-emitting device, particularly to possessing the luminescent device with photoluminescent layers Display device and light-emitting device.
Background technology
For the optical device of ligthing paraphernalia, display, projector etc, need in multiple use to required Direction injection light.The embedded photoluminescent material that fluorescent lamp, White LED etc. are used is the most luminous.Therefore, in order to make light only Penetrating to specific direction, this material is used together with the optics such as reflector, lens.Such as, patent document 1 discloses that and make The illuminator of directivity is guaranteed with cloth tabula rasa and auxiliary reflecting plate.
Prior art literature
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-231941 publication
Summary of the invention
Invent problem to be solved
For optical device, when in order to configure the optics such as reflector, lens to specific direction injection light, Need the size increasing optical device self to guarantee their space.Preferably without these opticses, or at least make it Miniaturization.
The present invention provides the light-emitting device with new structure utilizing embedded photoluminescent material.
Means for solving the above
The display device of one scheme of the present invention possesses excitation source, luminescent device and optical shutter or light guide plate, on State luminescent device to have and accept exciting light and send the wavelength that includes in air to be λaThe first light at the luminescence generated by light of interior light Layer and the surface texture on the surface of at least one being formed in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and photic zone, above-mentioned surface texture comprises At least one in multiple protuberances and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit System.
Above-mentioned total scheme or concrete scheme can be come by device, device, system, method or their combination in any Realize.
Invention effect
Some embodiment according to the present invention, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide utilize the luminescence with new structure of embedded photoluminescent material Device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the axonometric chart of the composition of the luminescent device representing certain embodiment.
Figure 1B is the partial sectional view of the luminescent device shown in Figure 1A.
Fig. 1 C is the axonometric chart of the composition of the luminescent device representing another embodiment.
Fig. 1 D is the partial sectional view of the luminescent device shown in Fig. 1 C.
Fig. 2 is the increasing cycle representing and changing emission wavelength and periodic structure respectively calculating the light to frontal injection The figure of the result of intensity.
Fig. 3 is the chart of the condition of m=1 and m=3 in Icon Base (10).
Fig. 4 is the increasing that the thickness t representing and changing emission wavelength and photoluminescent layers calculates the light to frontal output The figure of the result of intensity.
The pattern to x direction guided wave (direct light (to guide light)) is calculated when Fig. 5 A is to represent thickness t=238nm The figure of result of Electric Field Distribution.
When Fig. 5 B is to represent thickness t=539nm, calculating is to the figure of the result of the Electric Field Distribution of the pattern of x direction guided wave.
When Fig. 5 C is to represent thickness t=300nm, calculating is to the figure of the result of the Electric Field Distribution of the pattern of x direction guided wave.
Fig. 6 is to represent with the condition identical with the calculating of Fig. 2 polarizing as having the electric field component vertical with y direction with regard to light TE pattern time calculate the figure of result of enhancing degree of light.
Fig. 7 A is the top view of the example representing two-dimensionally periodic structure.
Fig. 7 B is the figure representing result two-dimensionally periodic structure being carried out to the calculating identical with Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is the enhancing that the refractive index representing and changing emission wavelength and periodic structure calculates the light to frontal output The figure of the result of degree.
Fig. 9 is the figure representing and the thickness of photoluminescent layers being set as with the condition identical with Fig. 8 result during 1000nm.
Figure 10 is the enhancing that the height representing and changing emission wavelength and periodic structure calculates the light to frontal output The figure of the result of degree.
Figure 11 is to represent, with the condition identical with Figure 10, the refractive index of periodic structure is set as npCalculating knot when=2.0 The figure of fruit.
Figure 12 is to represent that the TE pattern being have the electric field component vertical with y direction that polarizes being set as light carries out and schemes The figure of the result calculating identical calculating shown in 9.
Figure 13 is to represent refractive index n of photoluminescent layers with the condition identical with the calculating shown in Fig. 9wavIt is changed to 1.5 Time the figure of result.
Figure 14 is to represent to be provided with the condition identical with the calculating shown in Fig. 2 on the transparency carrier that refractive index is 1.5 Photoluminescent layers and the figure of result of calculation during periodic structure.
Figure 15 is the chart of the condition of Icon Base (15).
Figure 16 is to represent possess the luminescent device 100 shown in Figure 1A, 1B and make exciting light inject the light of photoluminescent layers 110 The figure of the configuration example of the light-emitting device 200 in source 180.
Figure 17 A is the period p representing and having x directionxThe figure of One Dimension Periodic structure.
Figure 17 B is the period p representing and having x directionx, the period p in y directionyThe figure of two-dimensionally periodic structure.
Figure 17 C is the figure of the wavelength dependency of the absorbance of the light in the composition representing Figure 17 A.
Figure 17 D is the figure of the wavelength dependency of the absorbance of the light in the composition representing Figure 17 B.
Figure 18 A is the figure of the example representing two-dimensionally periodic structure.
Figure 18 B is the figure of another example representing two-dimensionally periodic structure.
Figure 19 A is the figure representing the variation defining periodic structure on the transparent substrate.
Figure 19 B is the figure representing another variation defining periodic structure on the transparent substrate.
Figure 19 C is to represent that the cycle changing emission wavelength and periodic structure in the composition of Figure 19 A calculates to front side Figure to the result of the enhancing degree of the light of output.
Figure 20 is the figure representing the composition being mixed with multiple powdered luminescent device.
Figure 21 is bowing of the example that represents and arrange cycle different multiple periodic structures on photoluminescent layers two-dimensionally View.
Figure 22 is to represent to have on surface to be formed with the structure that multiple photoluminescent layers 110 of concaveconvex structure are laminated The figure of one example of luminescent device.
Figure 23 is cuing open of the configuration example that represents and be provided with protective layer 150 between photoluminescent layers 110 and periodic structure 120 View.
Figure 24 is the figure representing the example being formed periodic structure 120 by the part only processing photoluminescent layers 110.
Figure 25 is the cross sectional TEM image representing the photoluminescent layers being formed on the glass substrate with periodic structure Figure.
Figure 26 is the chart of the result of the spectrum of the frontal of the emergent light representing the luminescent device measuring trial-production.
Figure 27 A is that the luminescent device representing the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TM pattern is with the line with One Dimension Periodic structure 120 The parallel axle in direction is the figure that rotary shaft carries out the situation rotated.
Figure 27 B is the dependence of angle representing and measuring emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in fig. 27 a The chart of result.
Figure 27 C is the dependence of angle representing and calculating emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in fig. 27 a The chart of result.
Figure 27 D is that the luminescent device representing the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TE pattern is with the line with One Dimension Periodic structure 120 The parallel axle in direction is the figure that rotary shaft carries out the situation rotated.
Figure 27 E is the dependence of angle representing and measuring emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in Figure 27 D The chart of result.
Figure 27 F is the dependence of angle representing and calculating emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in Figure 27 D The chart of result.
Figure 28 A is that the luminescent device representing the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TE pattern is with the line with One Dimension Periodic structure 120 The vertical axle in direction is the figure that rotary shaft carries out the situation rotated.
Figure 28 B is the dependence of angle representing and measuring emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in Figure 28 A The chart of result.
Figure 28 C is the dependence of angle representing and calculating emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in Figure 28 A The chart of result.
Figure 28 D is that the luminescent device representing the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TM pattern is with the line with One Dimension Periodic structure 120 The vertical axle in direction is the figure that rotary shaft carries out the situation rotated.
Figure 28 E is the dependence of angle representing and measuring emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in fig. 28d The chart of result.
Figure 28 F is the dependence of angle representing and calculating emergent light when making the luminescent device of trial-production rotate as shown in fig. 28d The chart of result.
Figure 29 is the result of the dependence of angle of the emergent light (wavelength is 610nm) representing the luminescent device measuring trial-production Chart.
Figure 30 is the axonometric chart of the example schematically showing slab type waveguide.
Figure 31 be for explanation have on photoluminescent layers 110 in the luminescent device of periodic structure 120 by luminescence The wavelength of the light of reinforced effects and the schematic diagram of the relation of exit direction.
Figure 32 A is the example of the composition representing the different multiple periodic structures of wavelength being arranged display luminescence enhancement effect Schematic top plan view.
Figure 32 B is the composition of multiple periodic structures that orientation that the protuberance that represents and be arranged One Dimension Periodic structure extends is different The schematic top plan view of example.
Figure 32 C is the schematic top plan view of the example representing the composition being arranged multiple two-dimensionally periodic structure.
Figure 33 is the cross-sectional schematic possessing lenticular luminescent device.
Figure 34 A is the cross-sectional schematic of the luminescent device with the different multiple photoluminescent layers of emission wavelength.
Figure 34 B is the cross-sectional schematic of another luminescent device with the different multiple photoluminescent layers of emission wavelength.
Figure 35 A is the example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with barrier layer (barrier layer) Cross-sectional schematic.
Figure 35 B is another example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with barrier layer (barrier layer) Cross-sectional schematic.
Figure 35 C is another example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with barrier layer (barrier layer) Cross-sectional schematic.
Figure 35 D is the still another example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with barrier layer (barrier layer) The cross-sectional schematic of son.
Figure 36 A is the example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with crystal grown layer (inculating crystal layer) Cross-sectional schematic.
Figure 36 B is another example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with crystal grown layer (inculating crystal layer) The cross-sectional schematic of son.
Figure 36 C is another example representing the luminescent device under photoluminescent layers with crystal grown layer (inculating crystal layer) The cross-sectional schematic of son.
Figure 37 A is the section view of the example representing the luminescent device with the sealer for protection period structure Schematic diagram.
Figure 37 B is the cuing open of another example representing the luminescent device with the sealer for protection period structure Depending on schematic diagram.
Figure 38 A is the cross-sectional schematic of the example representing the luminescent device with transparent high heat conduction layer.
Figure 38 B is the cross-sectional schematic of another example representing the luminescent device with transparent high heat conduction layer.
Figure 38 C is the cross-sectional schematic of another example representing the luminescent device with transparent high heat conduction layer.
Figure 38 D is the cross-sectional schematic of the still another example representing the luminescent device with transparent high heat conduction layer.
Figure 39 A is the cross-sectional schematic of the example representing the light-emitting device improving heat dissipation characteristics.
Figure 39 B is the cross-sectional schematic of another example representing the light-emitting device improving heat dissipation characteristics.
Figure 39 C is the cross-sectional schematic of another example representing the light-emitting device improving heat dissipation characteristics.
Figure 39 D is the cross-sectional schematic of the still another example representing the light-emitting device improving heat dissipation characteristics.
Figure 40 A is the cross-sectional schematic of the example representing the luminescent device with high heat conduction component.
Figure 40 B is the top view of the luminescent device shown in Figure 40 A.
Figure 40 C is the cross-sectional schematic of another example representing the luminescent device with high heat conduction component.
Figure 40 D is the top view representing the luminescent device shown in Figure 40 C.
Figure 41 A is the example of the configuration representing the high heat conduction component in the multiple luminescent devices after laying (tiling) Schematic diagram.
Figure 41 B is the top view of the luminescent device shown in Figure 41 A.
Figure 42 A is the schematic diagram of the example representing the light-emitting device possessing interlock circuit.
Figure 42 B is the schematic diagram of the composition representing the light-emitting device possessing interlock circuit.
Figure 43 A is the first figure of the forming method of the submicrometer structure employing pearl for explanation.
Figure 43 B is the second figure of the forming method of the submicrometer structure employing pearl for explanation.
Figure 43 C is the figure of an example of the filling state schematically showing pearl and is obtained by the pearl of this filling state The figure of the light scattering pattern arrived.
Figure 43 D is the figure of another example of the filling state schematically showing pearl and by the pearl of this filling state The figure of the light scattering pattern obtained.
Figure 43 E is the figure of another example of the filling state schematically showing pearl and by the pearl of this filling state The figure of the light scattering pattern obtained.
Figure 43 F is the figure of the still another example of the filling state schematically showing pearl and by the pearl of this filling state The figure of the light scattering pattern that son obtains.
Figure 44 is the axonometric chart of the display device schematically showing certain embodiment.
Figure 45 is constituting of display device 300a that schematically shows and have the optical shutter 350 realized by Liquid Crystal Module Sectional view.
Figure 46 is the schematic perspective view of the example representing display device 300b being further equipped with touch screen 370.
Figure 47 is to represent light guide plate 330 so that traveling to photoluminescent layers 321 from the exciting light of excitation source 310 The cross-sectional schematic of a part for the composition of display device 300c that mode configures.
Figure 48 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment representing display device.
Figure 49 is the cross-sectional schematic of a part for the further embodiment representing display device.
Figure 50 is the axonometric chart of the illuminator schematically showing certain embodiment.
Figure 51 is the partial sectional view of the illuminator schematically showing another embodiment.
Figure 52 is the sectional view of the illuminator schematically showing further embodiment.
Figure 53 is the sectional view of the configuration example representing the illuminator with multiple luminescent device.
Figure 54 is the figure representing the schematic configuration that can utilize illuminator (headlamp) that micro mirror carries out cloth photocontrol.
Figure 55 is that an example of the light-emitting device of the luminescent device 320 by having rotating mechanism and colyliform simplifies expression Figure.
Figure 56 is the figure representing the composition when end on observation luminescent device 320.
Figure 57 is the figure of an example of the visible light communication system representing the present invention.
Figure 58 is the luminescent device that represents and possess the present invention schematic diagram as the composition of the transparent display of screen.
Figure 59 is the figure representing the application examples in semaphore.
Figure 60 is the figure constituted in more detail representing semaphore.
Figure 61 is the figure representing the application examples in plant light supply apparatus.
Figure 62 is the figure representing the application examples in range sensor.
Figure 63 A is the figure of the schematic configuration representing the light-emitting device in range sensor.
Figure 63 B is the figure being produced pulsed light for explanation by control circuit 820.
Figure 63 C is to represent scheming of the example driving signal and the time by optical signal to change.
Figure 64 A is the figure of the variation representing the light exit side configuration optical shutter 850 at luminescent device 840.
Figure 64 B is the figure producing pulsed light for constituting shown in explanatory diagram 64A.
Figure 64 C is to represent between luminescent device 840 and optical shutter 850 and the light exit side of optical shutter 850 sets Put the figure of the example of lens 860a, 860b.
Figure 65 is cuing open of an example of the surface texture representing at least one having in multiple protuberance and multiple recess Depending on schematic diagram.
Symbol description
10 main light source unit
20 secondary light source unit
30 mounting tables
100,100a luminescent device
110 photoluminescent layers (ducting layer)
120,120 ', 120a, 120b, 120c photic zone (periodic structure, submicrometer structure)
140 transparency carriers
150 protective layers
180 light sources
200 light-emitting devices
300,300a, 300b, 300c, 300d, 300e display device
310 excitation sources
320 luminescent devices
321 photoluminescent layers
322 submicrometer structures (periodic structure)
330 light guide plates
340 color filter arrays
350 optical shutters
351 Polarization filters
352 transparency carriers
353 transparency electrodes
355 liquid crystal layers
357 transparency carriers
358 Polarization filters
360 drive circuits
370 touch screens
400 illuminators
410 concave mirrors
420 heat-radiating substrates
430 circuit substrates
440 diffuser plates
450 lens
460 micro mirrors
500 light-emitting devices
510 rotating mechanisms
600 visible light communication systems
610 illuminators
612 modulation circuits
620 receive device
700 semaphores
710r, 710y, 710b display part
720 cables
730 display control units
732 control circuits
740 housings
750 arms
760 bars
800 light-emitting devices
810 imageing sensors
820 control circuits
830 excitation sources
840 luminescent devices
850 optical shutters
860a, 860b lens
Detailed description of the invention
[the 1. summary of embodiments of the present invention]
The present invention includes the luminescent device described in following items, light-emitting device, display device, semaphore, plant luminescence Device and range sensor.
[project 1]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photoluminescent layers；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On, and to above-mentioned photoluminescent layers or above-mentioned euphotic internal diffusion,
Wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess,
The light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes that the wavelength in air is λaThe first light,
Distance between by adjacent protuberance or between recess is set as Dint, by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers to above-mentioned The refractive index of one light is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
[project 2]
According to the luminescent device described in project 1, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned multiple protuberances or above-mentioned many At least one periodic structure that individual recess is formed, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is paShi Chengli λa/ nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaThe period 1 structure of relation.
[project 3]
According to the luminescent device described in project 1 or 2, wherein, above-mentioned photic zone refractive index n to above-mentioned first lightt-aIt is less than Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers refractive index n to above-mentioned first lightwav-a。
[project 4]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～3, wherein, above-mentioned first light is by above-mentioned submicrometer structure Maximum intensity on predetermined first direction.
[project 5]
According to the luminescent device described in project 4, wherein, above-mentioned first direction is the normal direction of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers.
[project 6]
According to the luminescent device described in project 4 or 5, wherein, above-mentioned first light penetrated to above-mentioned first direction is straight line Polarized light.
[project 7]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 4～6, wherein, with the above-mentioned first direction of above-mentioned first light it is Sensing angle during benchmark is less than 15 °.
[project 8]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 4～7, wherein, have and the wavelength X of above-mentioned first lightaDifferent Wavelength XbThe second light maximum intensity in the second direction different from above-mentioned first direction.
[project 9]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～8, wherein, above-mentioned photic zone has above-mentioned submicrometer structure.
[project 10]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～9, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers has above-mentioned submicron Structure.
[project 11]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～8, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers has smooth interarea,
Above-mentioned photic zone is formed on the above-mentioned smooth interarea of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers, and has above-mentioned submicron knot Structure.
[project 12]
According to the luminescent device described in project 11, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is supported by transparency carrier.
[project 13]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～8, wherein, above-mentioned photic zone is for have on an interarea The transparency carrier of above-mentioned submicrometer structure,
Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is formed on above-mentioned submicrometer structure.
[project 14]
According to the luminescent device described in project 1 or 2, wherein, above-mentioned photic zone refractive index n to above-mentioned first lightt-aFor upper State photoluminescent layers refractive index n to above-mentioned first lightwav-aAbove, above-mentioned multiple protuberances that above-mentioned submicrometer structure is had The degree of depth of height or above-mentioned multiple recess is below 150nm.
[project 15]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1 and 3～14, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned At least one periodic structure that multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recesses are formed, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises when by the cycle It is set as paShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaThe period 1 structure of relation,
Above-mentioned period 1 structure is One Dimension Periodic structure.
[project 16]
According to the luminescent device described in project 15, wherein, the light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes the ripple in air A length of and λaDifferent λbThe second light,
Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is being set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned second lightwav-bIn the case of, above-mentioned at least one Periodic structure also comprises and works as cycle set is pbShi Chengli λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbStructure second round of relation,
Above-mentioned second round, structure was One Dimension Periodic structure.
[project 17]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1 and 3～14, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned At least two periodic structure that multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recesses are formed, above-mentioned at least two periodic structure is included in the most not Same direction has periodic two-dimensionally periodic structure.
[project 18]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1 and 3～14, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned Multiple periodic structures that multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recesses are formed,
Above-mentioned multiple periodic structure comprises the multiple periodic structures with rectangular arrangement.
[project 19]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1 and 3～14, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned Multiple periodic structures that multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recesses are formed,
When the aerial wavelength of the exciting light of the embedded photoluminescent material being had by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is set as λex、 Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned exciting lightwav-exTime, above-mentioned multiple periodic structures comprise period pex Set up λex/nwav-ex＜ pex＜ λexThe periodic structure of relation.
[project 20]
A kind of luminescent device, it has multiple photoluminescent layers and multiple photic zone,
Wherein, at least two in above-mentioned multiple photoluminescent layers and at least two in above-mentioned multiple photic zone are the most only On the spot it is respectively equivalent to the above-mentioned photoluminescent layers according to any one of project 1～19 and above-mentioned photic zone.
[project 21]
According to the luminescent device described in project 20, wherein, above-mentioned multiple photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned multiple photic zone stackings.
[project 22]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photoluminescent layers；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On, and to above-mentioned photoluminescent layers or above-mentioned euphotic internal diffusion,
The injection of above-mentioned luminescent device simulates guided wave mode at above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned euphotic being internally formed Light.
[project 23]
A kind of luminescent device, it possesses:
Light can the ducting layer of guided wave；And
Periodic structure, this periodic structure configures in the way of close with above-mentioned ducting layer,
Wherein, above-mentioned ducting layer has embedded photoluminescent material,
In above-mentioned ducting layer, above-mentioned embedded photoluminescent material the light sent exists and above-mentioned periodic structure effect one The simulation guided wave mode of limit guided wave.
[project 24]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photoluminescent layers；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On, and to above-mentioned photoluminescent layers or above-mentioned euphotic internal diffusion,
Above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess,
Distance between by adjacent protuberance or between recess is set as Dint, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers had The aerial wavelength of exciting light of embedded photoluminescent material is set as λex, will be present in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers or above-mentioned printing opacity The medium that among the medium of the light path of layer, refractive index is maximum is set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned exciting lightwav-exTime, set up λex/ nwav-ex＜ Dint＜ λexRelation.
[project 25]
According to the luminescent device described in project 24, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises by above-mentioned multiple protuberances or above-mentioned At least one periodic structure that multiple recesses are formed, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is pexShi Chengli λex/nwav-ex＜ pex＜ λexThe period 1 structure of relation.
[project 26]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photic zone；
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed on above-mentioned photic zone, and to above-mentioned euphotic internal diffusion；With And
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers configures in the way of close with above-mentioned submicrometer structure,
Wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess,
The light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes that the wavelength in air is λaThe first light,
Above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises at least one periodic structure formed by above-mentioned multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recess,
When above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned first lightwav-a, by least one cycle above-mentioned tie The cycle set of structure is paTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation.
[project 27]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photoluminescent layers；
Photic zone, this photic zone has the refractive index than above-mentioned luminescence generated by light floor height；And
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed on above-mentioned photic zone, and to above-mentioned euphotic internal diffusion,
Wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess,
The light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes that the wavelength in air is λaThe first light,
Above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises at least one periodic structure formed by above-mentioned multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recess,
When above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned first lightwav-a, by least one cycle above-mentioned tie The cycle set of structure is paTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation.
[project 28]
A kind of luminescent device, it has:
Photoluminescent layers；And
Submicrometer structure, this submicrometer structure is formed on above-mentioned photoluminescent layers, and to the face of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers Internal diffusion,
Wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess,
The light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes that the wavelength in air is λaThe first light,
Above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises at least one periodic structure formed by above-mentioned multiple protuberances or above-mentioned multiple recess,
When above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned first lightwav-a, by least one cycle above-mentioned tie The cycle set of structure is paTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation.
[project 29]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～21 and 24～28, wherein, above-mentioned submicrometer structure comprises State multiple protuberance and above-mentioned this couple of person of multiple recess.
[project 30]
According to the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～22 and 24～27, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is with above-mentioned Photic zone contacts with each other.
[project 31]
According to the luminescent device described in project 23, wherein, above-mentioned ducting layer contacts with each other with above-mentioned periodic structure.
[project 32]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses the luminescent device according to any one of project 1～31 and to above-mentioned photoluminescent layers Irradiate the excitation source of exciting light.
[project 33]
A kind of display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of above-mentioned luminescent device,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 34]
According to the display device described in project 33, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers contacts with each other with above-mentioned photic zone.
[project 35]
A kind of display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of above-mentioned luminescent device,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is arranged on the surface of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 36]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～35, wherein, when by above-mentioned surface texture adjacent two The distance between centers of individual protuberance or adjacent two recesses is set as Dint, by the above-mentioned photoluminescent layers folding to above-mentioned first light The rate of penetrating is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
[project 37]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～36, wherein, in above-mentioned optical shutter from above-mentioned The light incident side of luminescent device or above-mentioned light exit side, be also equipped with the colour filter of the multiple color filters including that transmission peak wavelength band domain is different Device array.
[project 38]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～37, it is also equipped with making the light from above-mentioned luminescent device pass It is multicast to the light guide plate of above-mentioned optical shutter.
[project 39]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～37, it is above-mentioned that it is also equipped with making from above-mentioned excitation source Exciting light travels to the light guide plate of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers.
[project 40]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～39, it is also equipped with according to picture signal fast to above-mentioned optics The drive circuit that door is driven.
[project 41]
According to the display device described in project 40, wherein, the light from above-mentioned luminescent device at above-mentioned optical shutter goes out Penetrate side and be also equipped with touch screen.
[project 42]
According to the display device according to any one of project 33～41, wherein, above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one week Phase structure, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is paShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation One periodic structure.
[project 43]
According to the display device described in project 42, wherein, the light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes the ripple in air A length of and λaDifferent λbThe second light,
Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is being set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned second lightwav-bIn the case of, above-mentioned at least one Periodic structure also comprises and works as cycle set is pbShi Chengli λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbStructure second round of relation,
Above-mentioned wavelength XaBelong to red wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XbBelong to green wavelength band domain.
[project 44]
According to the display device described in project 43, wherein, by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers to the wavelength in air it is and λaAnd λb Different λcThe refractive index of the 3rd light be set as nwav-cTime,
At least one periodic structure above-mentioned also comprises and works as cycle set is pcShi Chengli λc/nwav-c＜ pc＜ λcRelation Period 3 structure,
Above-mentioned wavelength XcBelong to blue wavelength band domain.
[project 45]
According to the display device described in project 43 or 44, wherein, above-mentioned excitation source sends the light of blue wavelength band domain.
[project 46]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and by import from the light of above-mentioned luminescent device and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 47]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, from the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source and penetrates to outside to import The light guide plate that the mode gone out configures and the luminescent device being positioned in the light path of the above-mentioned exciting light penetrated by above-mentioned light guide plate,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 48]
According to the light-emitting device described in project 46 or 47, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers contacts with each other with above-mentioned photic zone.
[project 49]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and by import from the light of above-mentioned excitation source and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 50]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, from the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source and penetrates to outside to import The light guide plate that the mode gone out configures and the luminescent device being positioned in the light path of the above-mentioned exciting light penetrated by above-mentioned light guide plate,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of above-mentioned photoluminescent layers,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 51]
According to the light-emitting device according to any one of project 46～50, wherein, when by above-mentioned surface texture adjacent two The distance between centers of individual protuberance or adjacent two recesses is set as Dint, by the refraction to above-mentioned first light of the above-mentioned photoluminescent layers Rate is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
[project 52]
According to the light-emitting device according to any one of project 46～51, wherein, above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one week Phase structure, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is paShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation One periodic structure.
[project 53]
According to the light-emitting device described in project 52, wherein, the light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent includes the ripple in air A length of and λaDifferent λbThe second light,
Above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is being set as n to the refractive index of above-mentioned second lightwav-bIn the case of, above-mentioned at least one Periodic structure also comprises and works as cycle set is pbShi Chengli λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbStructure second round of relation,
Above-mentioned wavelength XaBelong to red wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XbBelong to green wavelength band domain.
[project 54]
According to the light-emitting device described in project 53, wherein, by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers to the wavelength in air it is being and λa And λbDifferent λcThe refractive index of the 3rd light be set as nwav-cIn the case of, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned also comprises ought Cycle set is pcShi Chengli λc/nwav-c＜ pc＜ λcThe period 3 structure of relation,
Above-mentioned wavelength XcBelong to the blue or wavelength band domain of yellow.
[project 55]
According to the light-emitting device described in project 53 or 54, wherein, above-mentioned excitation source sends the light of blue wavelength band domain.
[project 56]
A kind of semaphore, it possesses the light-emitting device described in project 52 and receives the housing of above-mentioned light-emitting device,
Wherein, above-mentioned wavelength XcBelong to the wavelength band domain of yellow.
[project 57]
A kind of display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of above-mentioned luminescent device,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photic zone；
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one；And
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers configures in the way of close with above-mentioned surface texture, and accepts above-mentioned exciting Light and to send the wavelength that includes in air be λaThe first light at interior light,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 58]
A kind of display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of above-mentioned luminescent device,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone has the refractive index than above-mentioned luminescence generated by light floor height；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 59]
According to the display device described in project 57 or 58, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers contacts with each other with above-mentioned photic zone.
[project 60]
According to the display device according to any one of project 57～59, wherein, when by above-mentioned surface texture adjacent two The distance between centers of individual protuberance or adjacent two recesses is set as Dint, by the above-mentioned photoluminescent layers folding to above-mentioned first light The rate of penetrating is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
[project 61]
According to the display device according to any one of project 57～59, wherein, above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one week Phase structure, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is paShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation One periodic structure.
[project 62]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and by import from the light of above-mentioned excitation source and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photic zone；
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one；And
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers configures in the way of close with above-mentioned surface texture, and accepts above-mentioned exciting Light and to send the wavelength that includes in air be λaThe first light at interior light,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 63]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and by import from the light of above-mentioned excitation source and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone has the refractive index than above-mentioned luminescence generated by light floor height；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 64]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, from the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source and penetrates to outside to import The light guide plate that the mode gone out configures and the luminescent device being positioned in the light path of the above-mentioned exciting light penetrated by above-mentioned light guide plate,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photic zone；
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one；And
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers configures in the way of close with above-mentioned surface texture, and accepts above-mentioned exciting Light and to send the wavelength that includes in air be λaThe first light at interior light,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 65]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, from the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source and penetrates to outside to import The light guide plate that the mode gone out configures and the luminescent device being positioned in the light path of the above-mentioned exciting light penetrated by above-mentioned light guide plate,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone has the refractive index than above-mentioned luminescence generated by light floor height；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on above-mentioned euphotic surface, and comprises multiple protuberance and multiple recess In at least one,
Above-mentioned surface texture is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned first light limit.
[project 66]
According to the light-emitting device according to any one of project 62～65, wherein, above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone Contact with each other.
[project 67]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and be positioned at from the reflecting mirror in the light path of the light of above-mentioned luminescent device,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 68]
A kind of light-emitting device, it possess excitation source, be positioned at from the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source micro- Mirror and the luminescent device being positioned in the light path of the above-mentioned exciting light reflected by above-mentioned micro mirror,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaFirst Light is at interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On,
Above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaUpper The sensing angle stating the first light limits.
[project 69]
According to the light-emitting device according to any one of project 62～68, wherein, when by above-mentioned surface texture adjacent two The distance between centers of individual protuberance or adjacent two recesses is set as Dint, by the above-mentioned photoluminescent layers folding to above-mentioned first light The rate of penetrating is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
[project 70]
According to the light-emitting device according to any one of project 62～68, wherein, above-mentioned surface texture comprises at least one week Phase structure, at least one periodic structure above-mentioned comprises and works as cycle set is paShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation One periodic structure.
[project 71]
A kind of illuminator, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from sending out in the light path of the exciting light of above-mentioned excitation source Optical device and the mechanism making above-mentioned luminescent device rotate,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device have the central part linked with said mechanism and be positioned at above-mentioned central part surrounding the One to the 3rd region,
Above-mentioned first and second regions are respectively provided with:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers is luminous by above-mentioned exciting light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
At least one periodic structure, this at least one periodic structure is formed in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone At least one on,
Above-mentioned periodic structure comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess,
The wavelength that the light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers in above-mentioned first area is sent includes in air is λaThe first light, Distance between by protuberance adjacent in above-mentioned first area or between recess is set as Dint-a, by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers pair The refractive index of above-mentioned first light is set as nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint-a＜ λaRelation,
The wavelength that the light that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers in above-mentioned second area is sent includes in air is λbThe second light, Distance between by protuberance adjacent in above-mentioned second area or between recess is set as Dint-b, by above-mentioned photoluminescent layers pair The refractive index of above-mentioned second light is set as nwav-bTime, set up λb/nwav-b＜ Dint-b＜ λbRelation,
Above-mentioned 3rd region is transparent region,
When said mechanism makes above-mentioned luminescent device rotate, above-mentioned excitation source is penetrated successively to above-mentioned first to the 3rd region Enter above-mentioned exciting light.
[project 72]
According to the illuminator described in project 71, wherein, above-mentioned wavelength XaIt is included in red wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XbIt is included in green wavelength band domain,
The light of the wavelength band domain that the injection of above-mentioned exciting light is blue.
[project 73]
A kind of semaphore, it has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers has the be arranged in string first to the 3rd light-emitting zone；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On, and comprise at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess,
Wherein, above-mentioned first light-emitting zone accepts exciting light and the wavelength that produces in air is λaThe first light,
The wavelength that above-mentioned second light-emitting zone accepts exciting light and produces in air is λbThe second light,
The wavelength that above-mentioned 3rd light-emitting zone accepts exciting light and produces in air is λcThe 3rd light,
Above-mentioned surface texture has the sensing angle to above-mentioned first light produced by above-mentioned first light-emitting zone and limits Part I, above-mentioned second light produced by above-mentioned second light-emitting zone pointed to the Part II that limits of angle and right The sensing angle of above-mentioned 3rd light produced by above-mentioned 3rd light-emitting zone carries out the Part III limited,
Above-mentioned wavelength XaIt is included in red wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XbIt is included in green wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XcIt is included in the wavelength band domain of Huang.
[project 74]
A kind of semaphore, it has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers has the first and second light-emitting zones being arranged in string；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed at the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone On, and comprise at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess,
The wavelength that above-mentioned first light-emitting zone accepts exciting light and produces in air is λaThe first light,
The wavelength that above-mentioned second light-emitting zone accepts exciting light and produces in air is λbThe second light,
Above-mentioned surface texture has the sensing angle to above-mentioned first light produced by above-mentioned first light-emitting zone and limits Part I and above-mentioned second light produced by above-mentioned second light-emitting zone pointed to the Part II that limits of angle,
Above-mentioned wavelength XaIt is included in red wavelength band domain,
Above-mentioned wavelength XbIt is included in green wavelength band domain.
[project 75]
A kind of plant light-emitting device, it possesses the mounting table of mounting plant and irradiates the luminous organ of light to above-mentioned plant Part,
Wherein, above-mentioned luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, it is λ that this photoluminescent layers sends the wavelength in airaLight；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is the table being formed at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone Surface texture on face, comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaAbove-mentioned light Sensing angle limit.
[project 76]
A kind of plant light-emitting device, it possesses the mounting table of mounting plant, irradiates the first of the first light to above-mentioned plant Luminescent device and irradiate the second luminescent device of the second light to above-mentioned plant,
Wherein, above-mentioned first luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, it is λ that this photoluminescent layers sends the wavelength in airaLight；
First photic zone, this first photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned first photoluminescent layers；And
First surface structure, this first surface structure is for being formed at above-mentioned first photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned first photic zone In at least one surface on first surface structure, comprise at least in multiple first protuberance and multiple first recess Person, is λ to the wavelength in airaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned light limit,
Above-mentioned second luminescent device has:
Second photoluminescent layers, this second photoluminescent layers sends the wavelength in air and is and λaDifferent λbLight；
Second photic zone, this second photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned second photoluminescent layers；And
Second surface structure, this second surface structure is for being formed at above-mentioned second photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned second photic zone In at least one surface on second surface structure, comprise at least in multiple second protuberance and multiple second recess Person, is λ to the wavelength in airbThe sensing angle of above-mentioned light limit.
[project 77]
A kind of range sensor, it possesses light-emitting device, imageing sensor and to above-mentioned light-emitting device and above-mentioned image The control circuit that sensor is controlled,
Above-mentioned light-emitting device has:
Photoluminescent layers, it is λ that this photoluminescent layers sends the wavelength in airaLight；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is the table being formed at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone Surface texture on face, comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaAbove-mentioned light Sensing angle limit,
Above-mentioned control circuit is while making the injection of above-mentioned light-emitting device include above-mentioned wavelength XaPulse in interior wavelength band domain Light, makes above-mentioned imageing sensor shoot, according to the above-mentioned pulsed light penetrated by above-mentioned light-emitting device and above-mentioned pulsed light quilt Phase contrast between the light that object reflects and detected by above-mentioned imageing sensor, is carried out the distance to above-mentioned object Detection.
[project 78]
According to the range sensor described in project 77, wherein, above-mentioned wavelength XaBelong near infrared wavelength band domain.
The luminescent device of embodiments of the present invention has: photoluminescent layers, and this photoluminescent layers accepts above-mentioned exciting light And sending the wavelength in air is λaLight；Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with above-mentioned photoluminescent layers；With And surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of at least one in above-mentioned photoluminescent layers and above-mentioned photic zone, and Comprise at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, wherein, the sky that above-mentioned photoluminescent layers is sent by above-mentioned surface texture Wavelength in gas is λaThe sensing angle of above-mentioned light limit.Wavelength XaSuch as in the wave-length coverage of visible ray (such as 380nm～780nm).In utilizing ultrared purposes, wavelength XaSometimes more than 780nm.And utilizing the purposes of ultraviolet In, wavelength XaSometimes less than 380nm.In the present invention, for convenience, by the electromagnetic wave including infrared ray and ultraviolet It is all shown as " light ".
Photoluminescent layers comprises embedded photoluminescent material.Embedded photoluminescent material refers to accept the material of exciting light and luminescence.Light Electroluminescent material narrowly includes fluorescent material and phosphor material, not only includes inorganic material, also includes organic material (such as color Element), also include quantum dot (that is, semiconductive particles).Photoluminescent layers is in addition to embedded photoluminescent material, it is also possible to comprise substrate Material (that is, material of main part).The host material for example, inorganic material such as glass, oxide, resin.
By the photic zone that configures in the way of close with photoluminescent layers by the light transmission sent for photoluminescent layers High material such as inorganic material, resin formation.Photic zone such as can be by the electrolyte (insulation that particularly absorption of light is few Body) formed.Photic zone can be such as the substrate supporting photoluminescent layers.On the surface of the air side of photoluminescent layers, there is Asia In the case of micrometer structure, air layer can be photic zone.
Formed on the surface of at least one in photoluminescent layers and photic zone and comprise in multiple protuberance and multiple recess The surface texture of at least one.Here, " surface " refers to the part (i.e. interface) contacted with other materials.Photic zone is air During on the layer of gas, the interface between this gas blanket and other materials (such as photoluminescent layers) is euphotic surface.This table Face structure is referred to as " concaveconvex structure ".Surface texture typically comprises multiple protuberance or multiple recess with one-dimensional or two-dimentional week The part of phase property ground arrangement.Such surface texture is referred to as " periodic structure ".Multiple protuberances and multiple recess shape Become the border at the different component (or medium) of two refractive indexs contacted with each other.Therefore, " periodic structure " can be described as comprising The structure of the part that refractive index the most periodically changes.Here, " periodically " it is not limited to strictly for periodically Form, including can be described as approximately periodic form.In this specification, with regard to adjacent in the multiple protuberance of continuous print or recess In two for distance (hereinafter sometimes referred to " middle heart septum ") in the heart, when the adjacent protuberance of any two or recess are in certain Individual value p ± 15% within scope time, this part may be considered the periodic structure with period p.
In this specification, " protuberance " refers to the part that the part of the height relative to benchmark is protruded." recess " refers to relatively In the part that the part of the height of benchmark is recessed.According to protuberance and the shape of recess, size, distribution, sometimes can not easily sentence Break which be protuberance which be recess.Such as, in the sectional view shown in Figure 65, it is possible to be construed to component 610 have recess, Component 620 has protuberance, it is also possible to explain opposite to thatly.No matter how to explain, component 610 and component 620 are respectively provided with many Do not change the fact that of at least one in individual protuberance and recess.
In two protuberances adjacent in surface texture or two adjacent recesses, distance in the heart (is week in periodic structure Typically aerial than the light that photoluminescent layers the is sent wavelength X of phase p)aShort.At the light sent by photoluminescent layers it is In the case of visible ray, the near infrared ray of short wavelength or ultraviolet, its distance is shorter than the magnitude of micron (i.e. micron dimension).Cause This, be referred to as " submicrometer structure " by such surface texture sometimes." submicrometer structure " can also comprise and have that to locally exceed 1 micro- The middle heart septum of rice (μm) or the part in cycle.In the following description, mainly consider to send the photoluminescent layers of visible ray, make For representing that the term of surface texture mainly uses " submicrometer structure " this term.But, exceed sub-micrometer scale for having Fine structure (such as, at the fine structure of the micron dimension utilized used in ultrared purposes) surface texture and Speech, following discussion is also the most same sets up.
For the luminescent device of embodiments of the present invention, as described in detail with reference to result of calculation and experimental result below As, in photoluminescent layers and the euphotic Electric Field Distribution being internally formed uniqueness.This is guided wave with submicrometer structure (i.e. Surface texture) interact formation.The pattern forming the light of such Electric Field Distribution can be expressed as " simulation guided wave mould Formula ".By utilizing this simulation guided wave mode, as will be explained below, it is possible to obtain luminescence generated by light luminous efficiency increase, Directivity improves, the selectivity effect of polarized light.Additionally, in the following description, sometimes use simulation this term of guided wave mode The novel composition and/or the new mechanism that find inventor herein illustrate.This explanation is only a kind of illustration The explanation of property, is all not intended to define the present invention for going up in all senses.
Submicrometer structure such as comprises multiple protuberance, and the distance between centers between by adjacent protuberance is set as DintTime, Disclosure satisfy that λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.Submicrometer structure can also comprise multiple recess to replace multiple protuberance.With Under, illustrate to put it more simply, there is the situation of multiple protuberance with submicrometer structure.λ represents the wavelength of light, λaRepresent in air The wavelength of light.nwavRefractive index for photoluminescent layers.In the situation that photoluminescent layers is the medium being mixed with multiple material Under, the mean refractive index that the refractive index of each material obtains with the weighting of respective volume ratio is set as nwav.Generally refractive index N depends on wavelength, the most preferably will be to λaThe refractive index of light be expressed as nwav-a, but can omit sometimes for simplification.nwavSubstantially On be the refractive index of photoluminescent layers, but in the refractive index of the layer adjacent with photoluminescent layers more than the refractive index of photoluminescent layers In the case of, the refractive index of layer big for this refractive index and the refractive index of photoluminescent layers are obtained with the weighting of respective volume ratio To mean refractive index be set as nwav.This is because, the most optically it is made up of the layer of multiple different materials with photoluminescent layers Situation of equal value.
When medium is set as n to the effective refractive index of the light of simulation guided wave modeeffTime, meet na＜ neff＜ nwav.This In, naRefractive index for air.If it is considered to the light of simulation guided wave mode is the inside at photoluminescent layers while with incidence angle θ The light of total reflection propagation on one side, then effective refractive index neffN can be writeeff=nwavsinθ.It addition, effective refractive index neffBy existing The refractive index of the medium in the region of the Electric Field Distribution of simulation guided wave mode determines, the most such as, define sub-micro at photic zone In the case of rice structure, depend not only upon the refractive index of photoluminescent layers, also rely on euphotic refractive index.Further, since The difference of the polarization direction (TE pattern and TM pattern) according to simulation guided wave mode, the distribution of electric field is different, therefore in TE pattern With in TM pattern, effective refractive index neffCan be different.
Submicrometer structure is formed at least one in photoluminescent layers and photic zone.At photoluminescent layers and photic zone When contacting with each other, it is also possible to form submicrometer structure on photoluminescent layers with euphotic interface.Now, photoluminescent layers and Photic zone has submicrometer structure.Photoluminescent layers can not also have submicrometer structure.Now, there is the saturating of submicrometer structure Photosphere configures in the way of close with photoluminescent layers.Here, so-called photic zone (or its submicrometer structure) and luminescence generated by light Layer refers to for typical case: the distance between them is wavelength XaLess than half.Thus, the electric field of guided wave mode reaches sub- Micrometer structure, forms simulation guided wave mode.But, when the refractive index of euphotic refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers is big, even if Being unsatisfactory for above-mentioned relation, light also arrives at photic zone, the distance between the most euphotic submicrometer structure and photoluminescent layers Wavelength X can also be exceededaHalf.In this specification, arrive at the electric field being in guided wave mode with photic zone at photoluminescent layers In the case of reaching configuration relation as submicrometer structure, formation simulation guided wave mode, sometimes represent that both are interrelated.
Submicrometer structure ought meet λ as mentioned abovea/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation time, utilizing the purposes of visible ray In, there is the feature that size is sub-micrometer scale.The luminous organ of submicrometer structure embodiment such as described in detail below In part like that, at least one periodic structure can be comprised.It is p that at least one periodic structure is worked as cycle setaTime, set up λa/ nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaRelation.That is, submicrometer structure can comprise distance D between adjacent protuberanceintFor paAnd fixing week Phase structure.If submicrometer structure comprises such periodic structure, then simulate the light of guided wave mode by propagate with Periodic structure interacts repeatedly, by submicrometer structure diffraction.This is spread out by periodic structure with the light at free-space propagation The phenomenon penetrated is different, but light guided wave (being the most repeatedly totally reflected) while with the phenomenon of periodic structure effect.Therefore, i.e. Make the phase shift caused by periodic structure little (even if the height of i.e., periodic structure is little), it is also possible to cause diffraction of light efficiently.
If, with mechanism as above, then by being strengthened the effect of electric field by simulation guided wave mode, luminescence generated by light Luminous efficiency increases, and the light produced is combined with simulation guided wave mode.The advancing angle of the light of simulation guided wave mode only bends The angle of diffraction specified by periodic structure.By utilizing this phenomenon, it is possible to the light of specific direction injection specific wavelength.That is, with The situation that there is not periodic structure is compared, and directivity significantly improves.And then, owing to, in TE pattern and TM pattern, effectively reflecting Rate neff(=nwavSin θ) different, therefore can also obtain the selectivity of high polarized light simultaneously.Such as, such as experimental example institute below Show, it is possible to obtain sending out of the rectilinearly polarized light (such as TM pattern) to the frontal strong specific wavelength (such as 610nm) of injection Optical device.Now, to such as less than 15 ° of the sensing angle of the light of frontal injection.Here, " sensing angle " is defined as: just injection Specific wavelength rectilinearly polarized light for, the direction of maximum intensity and intensity is maximum intensity 50% direction between angle Degree.That is, pointing to angle is unilateral angle when being 0 ° of the direction with maximum intensity.So, the cycle of embodiments of the present invention Structure (i.e. surface texture) is to specific wavelength λaThe sensing angle of light limit.In other words, this wavelength X is madeaThe lighting of light It is in a ratio of more narrow angle with when there is no a periodic structure.Sometimes point to, compared with when there is not periodic structure, the cloth that angle reduces by such Light is referred to as " narrow angle lighting ".Periodic structure in embodiments of the present invention is to wavelength XaThe sensing angle of light limit, but It is not to penetrate whole wavelength X with narrow angleaLight.Such as, in the example shown in Figure 29 described later, to from the side of maximum intensity To the direction of the angle (such as 20 °～70 °) drifted out, the most slightly penetrate wavelength XaLight.But, on the whole, wavelength XaGo out Penetrate light and concentrate on 0 °～the scope of 20 °, point to angle and limited.
Additionally, the periodic structure in the typical embodiment of the present invention is different from conventional diffraction grating, have than light Wavelength XaThe short cycle.Conventional diffraction grating has the wavelength X than lightaThe sufficiently long cycle, so that the light of specific wavelength It is divided into multiple diffraction lights such as zero degree light (i.e. through light), ± a diffraction light and penetrates.For such diffraction grating, high Secondary diffraction light produces in the both sides of zero degree light.The diffraction light of the high order produced in the both sides of zero degree light in diffraction grating is difficult to Realize narrow angle lighting.In other words, existing diffraction grating cannot realize the angle of pointing to of light is limited to the angle of regulation (such as About 15 °) effect specific to these embodiments of the present invention.At that point, the periodic structure of embodiments of the present invention There is character visibly different with existing diffraction grating.
If the periodicity of submicrometer structure reduces, then directivity, luminous efficiency, degree of polarization and wavelength selectivity become Weak.As long as adjusting the periodicity of submicrometer structure as required.Periodic structure both can be that the selectivity of polarized light is high One Dimension Periodic structure, it is also possible to be the two-dimensionally periodic structure that can reduce degree of polarization.
Submicrometer structure can comprise multiple periodic structure.Multiple periodic structures such as cycle (spacing) is mutually different.Or Person, it is mutually different that multiple periodic structures such as have periodic direction (axle).Multiple periodic structures both can be formed at same In individual face, it is also possible to stacking.Certainly, luminescent device can have multiple photoluminescent layers and multiple photic zone, and they can also There is multiple submicrometer structure.
Submicrometer structure is used not only for controlling the light that photoluminescent layers is sent, but also can be used in exciting light Guide photoluminescent layers efficiently.That is, exciting light is by submicrometer structure diffraction, and by photoluminescent layers and the mould of photic zone guided wave Intend guided wave mode to combine, it is possible to exciting light electroluminescent layer efficiently.As long as using when by the light of exciting light electroluminescent material Aerial wavelength is set as λex, photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of this exciting lightwav-exShi Chengli λex/ nwav-ex＜ Dint＜ λexRelation submicrometer structure just.nwav-exFor the embedded photoluminescent material refractive index to excitation wavelength.Can Have with use and work as cycle set as pexSet up λex/nwav-ex＜ pex＜ λexThe submicrometer structure of periodic structure of relation. The wavelength X of exciting lightexFor example, 450nm but it also may for the wavelength shorter than visible ray.Wavelength at exciting light is in visible ray In the case of in the range of, it is also possible to penetrate exciting light together with being set as the light sent with photoluminescent layers.
[2. as the basic understanding of the present invention]
Before the detailed description of the invention of the explanation present invention, first, the understanding on the basis as the present invention is illustrated. As it has been described above, the embedded photoluminescent material that fluorescent lamp, White LED etc. are used is the most luminous.Specific in order to use up irradiation Direction, needs the optics such as reflector, lens.But, if photoluminescent layers self is luminous with directivity ground, avoid the need for (or can reduce) optics as above.Thereby, it is possible to significantly reduce the size of optical device or utensil.The application Inventors according to such imagination, luminous in order to obtain directivity, have studied in detail the composition of photoluminescent layers.
Inventor herein are first considered that: in order to make the light from photoluminescent layers be partial to specific direction, make to send out Light itself has certain party tropism.As characterizing the luminance Γ Golden Rule according to Fermi of luminous index, by following Formula (1) represents.
&Gamma; ( r ) = 2 &pi; h < ( d &CenterDot; E ( r ) ) > 2 &rho; ( &lambda; ) - - - ( 1 )
In formula (1), r is locative vector, and λ is the wavelength of light, and d is dipole vector, and E is electric field vector, and ρ is state Density.For the many kinds of substance in addition to a part of crystal material, dipole vector d has random directivity.It addition, In the case of the size of photoluminescent layers and thickness are more sufficiently large than the wavelength of light, the size of electric field E also not dependent on towards and Substantially stationary.Therefore, in most cases, the value of<(d E (r))>2 does not relies on direction.That is, luminance Γ is independent of Fix in direction.Therefore, in most cases, photoluminescent layers is the most luminous.
On the other hand, in order to be obtained anisotropic luminescence by formula (1), need to carry out making dipole vector d collect in specific Direction or strengthen electric field vector specific direction composition in any one.By carry out in them any one, energy Enough realize directivity luminous.In embodiments of the present invention, utilize spy by the effect that light is enclosed in photoluminescent layers Determine the simulation guided wave mode that the electric field component in direction strengthens.Being studied for the composition for this, following description is divided in detail The result of analysis.
[the most only strengthening the composition of the electric field of specific direction]
Inventor herein think that luminescence is controlled by the guided wave mode of electric-field strength to be used.Lead by being set as The wave structure itself composition containing embedded photoluminescent material, it is possible to the light produced is combined with guided wave mode.But, if only made Formed guided wave structure formed with embedded photoluminescent material, then the light owing to sending becomes guided wave mode, therefore almost goes out not to frontal Carry out light.Then, inventor herein think and to be combined the waveguide comprising embedded photoluminescent material and periodic structure.? Periodic structure is close with waveguide, the electric field of light while in the case of guided wave on one side overlapping with periodic structure, by periodic structure , there is simulation guided wave mode in effect.That is, the guided wave mode that this simulation guided wave mode is limited by periodic structure, its feature exists In, the antinode of electric field amplitude produced with the cycle identical with the cycle of periodic structure.This pattern is to be closed in guided wave by light In structure thus the pattern that is enhanced to specific direction of electric field.And then, owing to carrying out phase interaction by this pattern with periodic structure With, be converted to the propagation light of specific direction by diffracting effect, therefore, it is possible to penetrate light to waveguide external.Further, since except The effect that light beyond simulation guided wave mode is closed in waveguide is little, and therefore electric field is not enhanced.So, most of luminescences with The simulation guided wave mode with big electric field component combines.
That is, inventor herein think by (or being had light by the photoluminescent layers comprising embedded photoluminescent material The ducting layer of electroluminescent layer) constitute the waveguide that arranges in the way of periodic structure is close, make the light of generation and be converted to certain party To propagate light simulation guided wave mode combine, it is achieved there is the light source of directivity.
As guided wave structure formed easy composition, it is conceived to slab type waveguide.Slab type waveguide refers to the waveguiding portion tool of light There is the waveguide of slab construction.Figure 30 is the axonometric chart of the example schematically showing slab type waveguide 110S.In waveguide During the refractive index height of the transparency carrier 140 that the refractive index ratio of 110S supports waveguide 110S, there is the light propagated in waveguide 110S Pattern.By such slab type waveguide is set as comprising the composition of photoluminescent layers, due to the light produced by luminous point Electric field significantly overlap with the electric field of guided wave mode, therefore, it is possible to make major part and the guided wave mould of the light produced in photoluminescent layers Formula combines.And then, by the thickness of photoluminescent layers being set as the wavelength degree of light, it is possible to make that to only exist electric field amplitude big The situation of guided wave mode.
And then, in the case of periodic structure and photoluminescent layers are close, by electric field and the periodic structure of guided wave mode Interact and form simulation guided wave mode.Even if in the case of photoluminescent layers is made up of multiple layers, as long as guided wave mode Electric field reach periodic structure, simulation guided wave mode will be formed.Need not photoluminescent layers is all embedded photoluminescent material, As long as its at least some of region has the function of luminescence.
In the case of being formed periodic structure by metal, form guided wave mode and mould based on plasma resonance effect Formula.This pattern has the character different from simulation guided wave mode recited above.It addition, this pattern is due to the suction caused by metal Receipts are many, and therefore loss becomes big, and the effect of luminescence enhancement diminishes.So, as periodic structure, it is preferably used and absorbs few electricity Jie Matter.
First inventor herein have studied the light making generation and pass through to be formed on the surface of such waveguide the cycle Structure and can as special angle direction propagate light injection simulation guided wave mode combine.Figure 1A is to schematically show tool There are such waveguide (such as photoluminescent layers) 110 and the luminescent device 100 of periodic structure (the most euphotic part) 120 The axonometric chart of an example.Hereinafter, (that is, it is formed periodically at photic zone in the case of photic zone has periodic structure Submicrometer structure in the case of), sometimes photic zone 120 is referred to as periodic structure 120.In this example embodiment, periodic structure 120 is The One Dimension Periodic structure that multiple protuberances of the striated extended in y direction respectively arrange the most at equal intervals.Figure 1B is by this Sectional view when luminescent device 100 cuts off by the plane parallel with xz face.If arranging the cycle in the way of contacting with waveguide 110 The periodic structure 120 of p, then in face direction there is wave number kwavThe simulation propagation light that is converted into outside waveguide of guided wave mode, should Wave number koutBelow formula (2) can be used to represent.
k o v t = k w a v - m 2 &pi; p - - - ( 2 )
M in formula (2) is integer, represents the number of times of diffraction.
Here, to put it more simply, can approx the light of guided wave in waveguide be regarded as with angle, θwavThe light propagated, Set up below formula (3) and (4).
k w a v &lambda; 0 2 &pi; = n w a v sin&theta; w a v - - - ( 3 )
k o u t &lambda; 0 2 &pi; = n o u t sin&theta; o u t - - - ( 4 )
In these formulas, λ0For the aerial wavelength of light, nwavFor the refractive index of waveguide, noutMedium for exiting side Refractive index, θoutThe shooting angle when substrate outside waveguide or air is injected to for light.From formula (2)～(4), the angle of emergence Degree θoutBelow formula (5) can be used to represent.
noutsinθout=nwavsinθwav-mλ0/p (5)
Understand according to formula (5), at nwavsinθwav=m λ0When/p sets up, θout=0, it is possible to make light hang down to the face with waveguide Straight direction (that is, front) injection.
According to principle as above, it is believed that by making produced light be combined with specific simulation guided wave mode, Jin Erli The light of specific shooting angle is converted to, it is possible to make strong light penetrate to the direction with periodic structure.
In order to realize situation as above, there is several restriction condition.First, in order to make simulation guided wave mode exist, need The light total reflection to propagate in waveguide.Condition for this represents by below formula (6).
nout＜ nwavsinθwav (6)
In order to make this simulation guided wave mode by periodic structure diffraction and make light inject to outside waveguide, formula needs-1 in (5) ＜ sin θout＜ 1.Accordingly, it would be desirable to meet below formula (7).
- 1 < n w a v n o u l sin&theta; w a v - m&lambda; 0 n o u t p < 1 - - - ( 7 )
To this, if it is considered that formula (6), it is known that as long as setting up below formula (8).
m&lambda; 0 2 n o u t < p - - - ( 8 )
And then, so that the direction of the light penetrated by waveguide 110 is frontal (θout=0), needed by knowable to formula (5) Want below formula (9).
P=m λ0/(nwavsinθwav) (9)
From formula (9) and formula (6), essential condition is below formula (10).
m&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < m&lambda; 0 n o u t - - - ( 10 )
Additionally, in the case of arranging periodic structure as shown in FIG. 1A and 1B, due to spreading out of high order that m is more than 2 Penetrate efficiency low, as long as so attaching most importance to a diffraction light of m=1 and be designed.Therefore, in the cycle of present embodiment In structure, it is set as m=1, in the way of meeting the below formula (11) formula (10) deformation obtained, determines period p.
&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < &lambda; 0 n o u t - - - ( 11 )
As shown in FIG. 1A and 1B, in the case of waveguide (photoluminescent layers) 110 does not contacts with transparency carrier, noutFor Therefore the refractive index (about 1.0) of air, as long as determine period p in the way of meeting below formula (12).
&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < &lambda; 0 - - - ( 12 )
On the other hand, can use as illustrated in Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D on transparency carrier 140, be formed with photic Photosphere 110 and the structure of periodic structure 120.In this case, due to refractive index n of transparency carrier 140sRefraction than air Rate is big, as long as being therefore set as n to meet in formula (11)out=nsThe mode of the following formula (13) obtained determines that period p is just.
&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < &lambda; 0 n s - - - ( 13 )
Additionally, formula (12), (13) consider the situation of m=1 in formula (10) but it also may m >=2.That is, such as Figure 1A and Tu In the case of the two sides of luminescent device 100 shown in 1B contacts with air layer, as long as m being set as the integer of more than 1 and to meet The mode setting cycle p of below formula (14) is just.
m&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < m&lambda; 0 - - - ( 14 )
Similarly, the luminescent device 100a as shown in Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D, photoluminescent layers 110 is formed at transparent In the case of on substrate 140, as long as setting cycle p in the way of meeting below formula (15).
m&lambda; 0 n w a v < p < m&lambda; 0 n s - - - ( 15 )
By to determine the period p of periodic structure by the way of meeting above inequality, it is possible to make by photoluminescent layers 110 The light produced penetrates to frontal, therefore, it is possible to realize the light-emitting device with directivity.
[checking 4. carried out by calculating]
[4-1. cycle, wavelength dependency]
Inventor herein utilize optics resolves to demonstrate the most whether penetrate light to specific direction as above May.Optics resolves the calculating of the DiffractMOD by employing Cybernet company to be carried out.During these calculate, to sending out When optical device is by external vertical ground incident light, by calculating the increase and decrease that the light in photoluminescent layers absorbs, obtain to external vertical The enhancing degree of the light of ground injection.The process pair that the light injected by outside is combined with simulation guided wave mode and is absorbed by photoluminescent layers Ying Yu: the luminescence in photoluminescent layers and simulation guided wave mode are combined and are converted to the propagation light vertically penetrated to outside The contrary process of process calculate.It addition, in the calculating of the Electric Field Distribution of simulation guided wave mode, calculate too by outward Electric field during portion's incident light.
The thickness of photoluminescent layers is set as 1 μm, the refractive index of photoluminescent layers is set as nwav=1.8, by the cycle The height of structure is set as 50nm, and the refractive index of periodic structure is set as 1.5, changes emission wavelength and periodic structure respectively In the cycle, calculate the enhancing degree of the light penetrated to frontal, the results are shown in Fig. 2.Computation model as shown in Figure 1A, if It is set in y-direction for uniform One Dimension Periodic structure, the TM mould polarized as having the electric field component parallel with y direction of light Formula, thus calculates.From the result of Fig. 2, the peak of enhancing degree exists in the combination in certain specific wavelength and cycle.This Outward, in fig. 2, the depth of the size color of enhancing degree represents, the enhancing degree of deep (the most black) is big, the enhancing degree of shallow (the whitest) Little.
In above-mentioned calculating, the cross section of periodic structure is set as rectangle as shown in Figure 1B.Fig. 3 represents Icon Base (10) In the chart of condition of m=1 and m=3.Comparison diagram 2 and Fig. 3 understands, and the peak position in Fig. 2 is present in and m=1 and m=3 phase Corresponding place.The intensity of m=1 is because by force, the higher diffraction light compared to more than three times, the diffraction efficiency of a diffraction light High.The peak that there is not m=2 is because, and the diffraction efficiency in periodic structure is low.
In the region corresponding with m=1 and m=3 respectively shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 2 is able to confirm that and there is multiple line.Can With it is thought that because there is multiple simulation guided wave mode.
[4-2. thickness dependence]
Fig. 4 is to represent the refractive index of photoluminescent layers is set as nwav=1.8, by the cycle set of periodic structure it is 400nm, set height to 50nm, refractive index is set as 1.5 and changes the thickness t of emission wavelength and photoluminescent layers and count Calculation is to the figure of the result of the enhancing degree of the light of frontal output.Understand when the thickness t of photoluminescent layers is particular value, light Enhancing degree reaches peak value.
To the pattern to x direction guided wave when will there is the wavelength 600nm at peak, thickness t=238nm, 539nm in the diagram The result that Electric Field Distribution carries out calculating is illustrated respectively in Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B.In order to compare, for there is not the t=300nm at peak Situation carried out identical calculating, the results are shown in Fig. 5 C.Computation model as described above, is set as in y direction For uniform One Dimension Periodic structure.In the various figures, the most black region, represent that electric field intensity is the highest；The whitest region, represents electric field Intensity is the lowest.There is high electric-field intensity distribution when t=238nm, 539nm, and electric field intensity is low on the whole when t=300nm. This is because, in the case of t=238nm, 539nm, there is guided wave mode, light is closed strongly.And then, it can be observed how Following feature: in protuberance or the underface of protuberance, certainly exists the strongest part of electric field (antinode), produces and periodic structure 120 Relevant electric field.I.e., it is known that according to the configuration of periodic structure 120, the pattern of guided wave can be obtained.It addition, compare t=238nm Situation and the situation of t=539nm, it is known that be the number of the node (white portion) of the electric field in the z direction pattern that only differs from one.
[4-3. polarized light dependency]
Then, in order to confirm polarized light dependency, with the condition identical with the calculating of Fig. 2, for the polarization of light for having The calculating of the enhancing degree of light has been carried out during the TE pattern of the electric field component vertical with y direction.The result of this calculating represents at Fig. 6 In.Compared with (Fig. 2) during TM pattern, although how many peak positions changes, but peak position remains in the region shown in Fig. 3. It is thus identified that constituting of present embodiment is the most effective for any one polarized light in TM pattern, TE pattern.
[4-4. two-dimensionally periodic structure]
And then, carry out the research of effect based on two-dimensionally periodic structure.Fig. 7 A be represent recess and protuberance in x direction and The top view of a part for the two-dimensionally periodic structure 120 ' of this two direction, y direction arrangement.Black region in figure represents convex Portion, white portion represents recess.In such two-dimensionally periodic structure, need to consider spreading out of x direction and this two direction, y direction Penetrate.For the diffraction in only x direction or only y direction, identical with time one-dimensional, but there is also and there is x, y two composition in direction The diffraction in direction (such as tilting 45 ° of directions), therefore, it is possible to expect to obtain the result different from time one-dimensional.Will be with regard to such two dimension The result that the enhancing degree of periodic structure calculating light obtains represents in figure 7b.Design conditions in addition to periodic structure and Fig. 2 Condition identical.As shown in Figure 7 B, in addition to the peak position of the TM pattern shown in Fig. 2, also observe and the TE shown in Fig. 6 The peak position that peak position in pattern is consistent.This result represents: based on two-dimensionally periodic structure, TE pattern is changed also by diffraction And export.It addition, for two-dimensionally periodic structure, in addition it is also necessary to consider that x direction and this two direction, y direction meet simultaneously and once spread out Penetrate the diffraction of condition.Such diffraction light to period pTimes (that is, 21/2Times) the direction of cycle corresponding angle penetrate Go out.Therefore, in addition to the peak when One Dimension Periodic structure, it is also contemplated that in period pCycle again also produces peak.Figure In 7B, it is also possible to confirm such peak.
As two-dimensionally periodic structure, the cubic dot matrix that the cycle in x direction as shown in Figure 7 A and y direction of being not limited to is equal Structure, it is also possible to be the arrangement hexagon as shown in Figure 18 A and Figure 18 B or the lattice structure of triangle.It addition, according to orientation side To the structure that the cycle that can also be (such as x direction and y direction during the dot matrix of four directions) is different.
As it has been described above, present embodiment confirms: utilize diffraction based on periodic structure, it is possible to will be tied by the cycle The light of the distinctive simulation guided wave mode that structure and photoluminescent layers are formed only optionally penetrates to frontal.By this The composition of sample, makes photoluminescent layers excite with ultraviolet or blue light equal excitation light, can obtain the luminescence with directivity.
[the 5. research of the composition of periodic structure and photoluminescent layers]
Then, effect when changing the various condition such as periodic structure and the composition of photoluminescent layers, refractive index is carried out Explanation.
[refractive index of 5-1. periodic structure]
Refractive index firstly, for periodic structure is studied.The thickness of photoluminescent layers is set as 200nm, by light The refractive index of electroluminescent layer is set as nwav=1.8, the most uniform as periodic structure is set as shown in Figure 1A One Dimension Periodic structure, set height to 50nm, be 400nm by cycle set, light polarization for have parallel with y direction The TM pattern of electric field component, thus calculates.The refractive index changing emission wavelength and periodic structure is calculated to frontal The result that the enhancing degree of the light of output obtains represents in fig. 8.It addition, the thickness of photoluminescent layers will be set with identical condition Result when being set to 1000nm represents in fig .9.
First, being conceived to the thickness of photoluminescent layers, it is known that when being 200nm with thickness compared with (Fig. 8), thickness is 1000nm Time (Fig. 9) reach relative to the light intensity of the variations in refractive index of periodic structure peak value wavelength (referred to as peak wavelength) displacement more Little.This is because, the thickness of photoluminescent layers is the least, and simulation guided wave mode is more easily subject to the shadow of the refractive index of periodic structure Ring.That is, the refractive index of periodic structure is the highest, and effective refractive index is the biggest, and correspondingly peak wavelength is got over to long wavelength side displacement, but should Affect at thickness more hour the most obvious.Additionally, in the region that effective refractive index is by the Electric Field Distribution being present in simulation guided wave mode Medium refractive index determine.
Then, be conceived to the change at the peak of the variations in refractive index relative to periodic structure, it is known that refractive index is the highest, then peak is more Width, intensity more reduces.This is because the refractive index of periodic structure is the highest, then the light simulating guided wave mode is released to the speed of outside The highest, the effect therefore closing light reduces, i.e. Q-value step-down.In order to keep high peak intensity, close light as long as being set as utilizing The simulation guided wave mode of effect high (i.e. Q-value is high) moderately light is released to the composition of outside just.Understand to realize this Constitute, the most preferably the material that refractive index is excessive compared with the refractive index of photoluminescent layers is used for periodic structure.Therefore, in order to incite somebody to action Peak intensity and Q-value improve to a certain degree, as long as the refractive index of the electrolyte (that is, photic zone) constituting periodic structure is set as light The refractive index of electroluminescent layer equal following the most just.Photoluminescent layers when comprising the material in addition to embedded photoluminescent material is also Same.
[height of 5-2. periodic structure]
Then, the height for periodic structure is studied.The thickness of photoluminescent layers is set as 1000nm, by photic The refractive index of luminescent layer is set as nwav=1.8, periodic structure is the most uniform one-dimensional week as shown in Figure 1A Phase structure, and refractive index is set as np=1.5, it is 400nm by cycle set, the polarization of light is parallel with y direction for having The TM pattern of electric field component, thus calculate.The high computational of emission wavelength and periodic structure will be changed to frontal The result of the enhancing degree of the light of output represents in Fig. 10.With identical condition, the refractive index of periodic structure will be set as np= Result of calculation when 2.0 represents in fig. 11.Understanding in the result shown in Figure 10, the height more than to a certain degree, peak is strong Degree, Q-value (that is, the live width at peak) do not change, and in the result shown in Figure 11, the height of periodic structure is the biggest, peak intensity and Q-value The lowest.This is because, in refractive index n of photoluminescent layerswavRefractive index n than periodic structurepIn high situation (Figure 10), light It is totally reflected, so spilling (evanescent) part only simulating the electric field of guided wave mode interacts with periodic structure.In the cycle In the case of the height of structure is sufficiently large, even if height change is to higher, the evanescent part of electric field and the phase interaction of periodic structure Impact be also fixing.On the other hand, in refractive index n of photoluminescent layerswavRefractive index n than periodic structurepLow feelings Under condition (Figure 11), arriving the surface of periodic structure owing to light is not totally reflected, therefore the height of periodic structure is the biggest, more by its shadow Ring.Only observing Figure 11, it is known that height is sufficient for for about 100nm, in the region more than 150nm, peak intensity and Q-value reduce.Cause This, in refractive index n of photoluminescent layerswavRefractive index n than periodic structurepIn the case of low, in order to make peak intensity and Q-value one Surely degree improves, as long as the height of periodic structure is set as below 150nm.
[5-3. polarization direction]
Then, polarization direction is studied.The polarization of light will be set as with the condition identical with the calculating shown in Fig. 9 Calculated result expression is carried out in fig. 12 for having the TE pattern of the electric field component vertical with y direction.When TE pattern, Owing to the electric field of simulation guided wave mode overflows bigger than TM pattern, therefore it is easily subject to the impact produced by periodic structure.So, Refractive index n of periodic structurepRefractive index n more than photoluminescent layerswavRegion, the reduction of peak intensity and Q-value is brighter than TM pattern Aobvious.
[refractive index of 5-4. photoluminescent layers]
Then, the refractive index for photoluminescent layers is studied.By with the condition identical with the calculating shown in Fig. 9 by light Refractive index n of electroluminescent layerwavResult when being changed to 1.5 represents in fig. 13.Even understanding the refractive index of photoluminescent layers nwavIn the case of being 1.5, it is also possible to obtain the effect substantially as Fig. 9.But, it is known that wavelength is that the light of more than 600nm does not has Oriented frontal penetrates.This is because, according to formula (10), λ0＜ nwav× p/m=1.5 × 400nm/1=600nm.
As can be known from the above analysis, the refractive index of periodic structure is set as the refractive index with photoluminescent layers on an equal basis with In the case of more than lower the or refractive index that refractive index is photoluminescent layers of periodic structure, as long as setting height to 150nm The most just can improve peak intensity and Q-value.
[6. variation]
Hereinafter, modified embodiment of the present embodiment is illustrated.
The composition of substrate [6-1. have]
As it has been described above, as shown in Fig. 1 C and Fig. 1 D, luminescent device can also have and is formed with light on transparency carrier 140 Electroluminescent layer 110 and the structure of periodic structure 120.In order to make such luminescent device 100a, it may be considered that following method: First, transparency carrier 140 (is comprised host material as required by the embedded photoluminescent material constituting photoluminescent layers 110；With Lower same) form thin film, form periodic structure 120 above.In such composition, in order to by photoluminescent layers 110 He The function that light is penetrated by periodic structure 120 and making it have to specific direction, refractive index n of transparency carrier 140sNeeds are set as Refractive index n of photoluminescent layerswavBelow.What transparency carrier 140 was arranged in the way of contacting with photoluminescent layers 110 In the case of, need to meet refractive index n of the emergent medium in formula (10)outIt is set as nsThe mode of formula (15) set Period p.
In order to confirm foregoing, carried out being provided with on the transparency carrier 140 that refractive index is 1.5 with shown in Fig. 2 Calculating when calculating the photoluminescent layers 110 of the same terms and periodic structure 120.The result of this calculating represents in fig. 14. In the same manner as the result of Fig. 2, it is possible to confirm the peak each wavelength being occurred to light intensity with specific period, but understand what peak occurred The scope in cycle is different from the result of Fig. 2.To this, the condition of formula (10) is set as nout=nsThe condition of the formula (15) obtained Represent in fig .15.Figure 14 understands in the region corresponding with the scope shown in Figure 15, the peak of light intensity occurs.
Therefore, for being provided with photoluminescent layers 110 and the luminescent device of periodic structure 120 on transparency carrier 140 For 100a, the scope in the period p meeting formula (15) can obtain effect, permissible in the scope of the period p meeting formula (13) Obtain especially significant effect.
The light-emitting device of excitation source [6-2. have]
Figure 16 is to represent possess the luminescent device 100 shown in Figure 1A, 1B and make exciting light inject the light of photoluminescent layers 110 The figure of the configuration example of the light-emitting device 200 in source 180.As it has been described above, the composition of the present invention is by making photoluminescent layers by ultraviolet Or blue light equal excitation light excites, obtain the luminescence with directivity.By arranging with structure by the way of penetrating such exciting light The light source 180 become, it is possible to realize the light-emitting device 200 with directivity.The wavelength of the exciting light penetrated by light source 180 is typically For ultraviolet or the wavelength of blue region, but it is not limited to these, can fit according to the embedded photoluminescent material constituting photoluminescent layers 110 When determining.Additionally, in figure 16, light source 180 is configured to be injected exciting light by the lower surface of photoluminescent layers 110, but does not limits In such example, such as, can also be injected exciting light by the upper surface of photoluminescent layers 110.Exciting light can also by relative to The direction (i.e., obliquely) that the direction vertical with the interarea of photoluminescent layers 110 (that is, upper surface or lower surface) tilts is injected. By making exciting light to occur the angle of total reflection to inject obliquely in photoluminescent layers 110, it is possible to more effectively luminous.
Also have by making exciting light be combined, with simulation guided wave mode, the method making light penetrate efficiently.Figure 17 A to Figure 17 D It it is the figure for such method is described.In this example embodiment, in the same manner as the composition shown in Fig. 1 C, 1D, on transparency carrier 140 It is formed with photoluminescent layers 110 and periodic structure 120.First, as shown in Figure 17 A, in order to strengthen luminescence, the week in x direction is determined Phase px；Then, as seen in this fig. 17b, in order to make exciting light be combined with simulation guided wave mode, the period p in y direction is determinedy.Period px In formula (10), p is replaced into p to meetxAfter the mode of condition determine.On the other hand, period pyWith by m be more than 1 whole Count, the wavelength of exciting light is set as λex, the medium that will contact with photoluminescent layers 110 is rolled in addition to periodic structure 120 The refractive index of the medium that rate of penetrating is the highest is set as noutAnd the mode meeting below formula (16) determines.
m&lambda; e x n w a v < p y < m&lambda; e x n o u t - - - ( 16 )
Here, noutThe example of Figure 17 B is the n of transparency carrier 140s, but it is being not provided with transparency carrier as shown in figure 16 In the composition of 140, for the refractive index (about 1.0) of air.
Particularly, if set to m=1 determines period p in the way of meeting following formula (17)y, then can improve further Exciting light is converted to simulate the effect of guided wave mode.
&lambda; e x n w a v < p y < &lambda; e x n o u t - - - ( 17 )
So, by with setting cycle p by the way of meeting the condition (the particularly condition of formula (17)) of formula (16)y, it is possible to Be converted to exciting light simulate guided wave mode.As a result of which it is, photoluminescent layers 110 can be made to effectively absorb wavelength XexExcite Light.
Figure 17 C and Figure 17 D is to represent when injecting light relative to the structure shown in Figure 17 A and Figure 17 B each wavelength respectively Calculate the figure of the result of the absorbed ratio of light.In this computation, it is set as px=365nm, py=265nm, will be from photic The emission wavelength λ of photosphere 110 sets and is about 600nm, by the wavelength X of exciting lightexSet and be about 450nm, by photoluminescent layers 110 Extinction coefficient be set as 0.003.As shown in figure 17d, not only to the light produced by photoluminescent layers 110, and for conduct The light of the about 450nm of exciting light displays that high absorbance.This is because, lead by the light injected is effectively converted into simulation Wave mode, it is possible to the ratio making photoluminescent layers be absorbed increases.Even if although it addition, to the about 600nm as emission wavelength, Absorbance also increases, if but this is in the case of the light of the wavelength of about 600nm injects this structure, is the most effectively changed For simulation guided wave mode.So, the periodic structure 120 shown in Figure 17 B is different for being respectively provided with the cycle in x direction with y direction The two-dimensionally periodic structure of structure (referred to as periodic component).So, be there is by use the two-dimensionally periodic structure of multiple periodic component, Launching efficiency can be improved, and improve outgoing intensity.Additionally, Figure 17 A, 17B are make exciting light be injected by substrate 140 side, Same effect can also be obtained even if being injected by periodic structure 120 side.
And then, as the two-dimensionally periodic structure with multiple periodic component, it would however also be possible to employ as shown in Figure 18 A or Figure 18 B Composition.As shown in Figure 18 A multiple protuberances or recess with hexagonal flat shape are periodically arranged by being set as Row constitute or as shown in figure 18b multiple protuberances or recess with the flat shape of triangle are periodically arranged and The composition become, it is possible to determine multiple main shafts (for axle 1～3 in the example of figure) in the cycle of can be considered.Therefore, it is possible to for each axle To the cycle that distribution is different.These cycles can be set respectively to improve the directivity of the light of multiple wavelength, it is also possible in order to It is efficiently absorbed exciting light and sets these cycles respectively.In either case, all to meet the bar being equivalent to formula (10) The mode of part sets each cycle.
[periodic structure on 6-3. transparency carrier]
As shown in Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B, periodic structure 120a can be formed on transparency carrier 140, light is set above Electroluminescent layer 110.In the configuration example of Figure 19 A, by follow on substrate 140 in the way of the concavo-convex periodic structure 120a constituted Form photoluminescent layers 110.As a result of which it is, be also formed with the periodic structure of same period on the surface of photoluminescent layers 110 120b.On the other hand, in the configuration example of Figure 19 B, carried out making the surface of photoluminescent layers 110 to become smooth process.? In these configuration examples, it is set by the way of meeting formula (15) with the period p of periodic structure 120a, it is also possible to realize pointing to Property luminous.
In order to verify this effect, in the composition of Figure 19 A, the cycle changing emission wavelength and periodic structure calculates to just The enhancing degree of the light of direction, face output.Here, the thickness of photoluminescent layers 110 is set as 1000nm, by photoluminescent layers 110 Refractive index be set as nwav=1.8, periodic structure 120a are in y direction uniform One Dimension Periodic structure and highly for 50nm, folding Penetrate rate np=1.5, the cycle is 400nm, and the polarization of light is the TM pattern with the electric field component parallel with y direction.This calculating Result represents in Figure 19 C.In this calculating, also observe the peak of light intensity meeting the cycle of the condition of formula (15).
[6-4. powder body]
According to above embodiment, it is possible to by adjusting the cycle of periodic structure, the thickness of photoluminescent layers, prominent The luminescence of meaning wavelength.Such as, if using the embedded photoluminescent material luminous with wide band and being set as the structure as shown in Figure 1A, 1B Become, then can only highlight the light of certain wavelength.Accordingly it is also possible to by the composition of the luminescent device 100 as shown in Figure 1A, 1B It is set as powder, and makes fluorescent material and utilize.Alternatively, it is also possible to by the luminescent device as shown in Figure 1A, 1B 100 embedment resin, glass etc. utilize.
In the composition of the monomer as shown in Figure 1A, 1B, make and only penetrate certain specific wavelength to specific direction, because of This luminescence being difficult to such as there is the white etc. of the spectrum of wide wavelength region.Therefore, mixed as shown in figure 20 by use Cycle of periodic structure, the composition of the different multiple powdered luminescent devices 100 of the condition such as thickness of photoluminescent layers, it is possible to Realize the light-emitting device with the spectrum of wide wavelength region.Now, the size in a direction of each luminescent device 100 is for example, Number μm～number about mm；Wherein, the one-dimensional or two-dimensionally periodic structure in one number time～hundreds of cycle can such as be comprised.
[structures that the 6-5. arrangement cycle is different]
Figure 21 is to represent multiple periodic structures different cycle on photoluminescent layers with the example of two-dimensional arrangements The top view of son.In this example embodiment, three kinds of periodic structures 120a, 120b, 120c arrange very close to each otherly.Periodic structure 120a, 120b, 120c are such as by respectively by the light of the wavelength region of red, green, blue setting cycle in the way of the injection of front.So, also can Enough multiple structures different by the arrangement cycle on photoluminescent layers, the spectrum for wide wavelength region plays directivity. Additionally, the composition of multiple periodic structures is not limited to above-mentioned composition, can arbitrarily set.
[6-6. stepped construction]
Figure 22 represents to have on surface and is formed with sending out of structure that multiple photoluminescent layers 110 of concaveconvex structure are laminated One example of optical device.It is provided with transparency carrier 140 between multiple photoluminescent layers 110, is formed at the luminescence generated by light of each layer Concaveconvex structure on the surface of layer 110 is equivalent to above-mentioned periodic structure or submicrometer structure.In the example shown in Figure 22, shape Become the periodic structure that cycle of three layers is different, respectively to be set in the way of the injection of front by the light of red, blue, green wavelength region Fixed cycle.It addition, select the luminescence generated by light of each layer in the way of sending the light of the color corresponding with the cycle of each periodic structure The material of layer 110.Such that make the multiple periodic structures different by stacking periods, it is also possible to for the light of wide wavelength region Spectrum plays directivity.
Additionally, the composition of the photoluminescent layers 110 of the number of plies, each layer and periodic structure is not limited to above-mentioned composition, Ke Yiren Meaning sets.Such as, in the composition of two-layer, across the substrate of light transmission, the first photoluminescent layers and the second photoluminescent layers with Opposite mode is formed, and forms the first and second periodic structures respectively on the surface of the first and second photoluminescent layers.Now, If the first photoluminescent layers and this pair of period 1 structure and the second photoluminescent layers and this pair point of structure second round Man Zu not be equivalent to the condition of formula (15) just.In composition more than three layers similarly, if the luminescence generated by light in each layer Layer is satisfied with periodic structure is equivalent to the condition of formula (15) just.The position relationship of photoluminescent layers and periodic structure can be with figure Relation shown in 22 is contrary.Although in the example shown in Figure 22, the cycle of each layer is different but it also may all of which set For same period.Now, although spectrum can not be made to broaden, but luminous intensity can be increased.
The composition of protective layer [6-7. have]
Figure 23 is cuing open of the configuration example that represents and be provided with protective layer 150 between photoluminescent layers 110 and periodic structure 120 View.So, it is also possible to be provided for protecting the protective layer 150 of photoluminescent layers 110.But, in the refractive index of protective layer 150 In the case of refractive index less than photoluminescent layers 110, in the inside of protective layer 150, the electric field of light can only overflow the one of wavelength Half left and right.Therefore, in the case of protective layer 150 is thicker than wavelength, light does not reaches periodic structure 120.Therefore, there is not simulation to lead Wave mode, can not get releasing the function of light to specific direction.Refractive index at protective layer 150 is and the folding of photoluminescent layers 110 Penetrate rate same degree or its above in the case of, light arrives the inside of protective layer 150.Therefore, protective layer 150 do not had thickness Restriction.But, in this case, embedded photoluminescent material this part (below, is referred to as " leading by the part forming optical guided wave Ripple layer ") major part can obtain the output of big light.Therefore, in this case, it is also preferred that the relatively thin person of protective layer 150.This Outward, it is possible to use the material identical with periodic structure (photic zone) 120 forms protective layer 150.Now, there is periodic structure Photic zone is held concurrently as protective layer.The preferably refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of photic zone 120 is little.
[7. material]
If constituting photoluminescent layers (or ducting layer) and periodic structure with the material meeting condition as above, then It is capable of directivity luminous.Periodic structure can use any materials.But, if formation photoluminescent layers (or guided wave Layer), the light absorption of the medium of periodic structure high, then the effect closing light declines, and peak intensity and Q-value reduce.Accordingly, as shape Become photoluminescent layers (or ducting layer) and the medium of periodic structure, it is possible to use the material that light absorption is relatively low.
As the material of periodic structure, such as, can use the electrolyte that light absorption is low.Material as periodic structure Candidate, such as can enumerate: MgF2(Afluon (Asta)), LiF (lithium fluoride), CaF2(calcium fluoride), SiO2(quartzy), glass, tree Fat, MgO (magnesium oxide), ITO (tin indium oxide), TiO2(titanium oxide), SiN (silicon nitride), Ta2O5(tantalum pentoxide), ZrO2(oxygen Change zirconium), ZnSe (zinc selenide), ZnS (zinc sulfide) etc..But, make the refractive index of periodic structure less than photic as mentioned above In the case of the refractive index of photosphere, it is possible to use refractive index is the MgF of 1.3～about 1.52、LiF、CaF2、SiO2, glass, tree Fat.
Embedded photoluminescent material includes fluorescent material and the phosphor material of narrow sense, not only includes inorganic material, also includes organic Material (such as pigment), also includes quantum dot (that is, semiconductive particles).The generally fluorescent material based on inorganic material exists The tendency that refractive index is high.As the fluorescent material with blue-light-emitting, it is possible to use such as M10(PO4)6Cl2:Eu2+(M=is selected from At least one in Ba, Sr and Ca), BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+、M3MgSi2O8:Eu2+(M=is selected from least in Ba, Sr and Ca Kind), M5SiO4Cl6:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=).As the fluorescent material with green emitting, permissible Use such as M2MgSi2O7:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=), SrSi5AlO2N7:Eu2+、SrSi2O2N2: Eu2+、BaAl2O4:Eu2+、BaZrSi3O9:Eu2+、M2SiO4:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=), BaSi3O4N2:Eu2+、Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+、Ca3SiO4Cl2:Eu2+、CaSi12-(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16-n:Ce3+、β- SiAlON:Eu2+.As the fluorescent material with emitting red light, it is possible to use such as CaAlSiN3:Eu2+、SrAlSi4O7:Eu2+、 M2Si5N8:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=), MSiN2:Eu2+(M=is selected from least in Ba, Sr and Ca Kind), MSi2O2N2:Yb2+(at least one in Sr and Ca of M=), Y2O2S:Eu3+,Sm3+、La2O2S:Eu3+,Sm3+、 CaWO4:Li1+,Eu3+,Sm3+、M2SiS4:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=), M3SiO5:Eu2+(M=is selected from At least one in Ba, Sr and Ca).As with Yellow luminous fluorescent material, it is possible to use such as Y3Al5O12:Ce3+、 CaSi2O2N2:Eu2+、Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce3+、CaSc2O4:Ce3+、α-SiAlON:Eu2+、MSi2O2N2:Eu2+(M=selected from Ba, At least one in Sr and Ca), M7(SiO3)6Cl2:Eu2+(at least one in Ba, Sr and Ca of M=).
Quantum dot can use the materials such as such as CdS, CdSe, hud typed CdSe/ZnS, alloy-type CdSSe/ZnS, according to Material can obtain various emission wavelength.As the substrate of quantum dot, such as, can use glass, resin.
Transparency carrier 140 shown in Fig. 1 C, 1D etc. is by the translucent material structure lower than the refractive index of photoluminescent layers 110 Become.As such material, such as, can enumerate: MgF2(Afluon (Asta)), LiF (lithium fluoride), CaF2(calcium fluoride), SiO2(stone English), glass, resin.Additionally, make exciting light inject in the composition of photoluminescent layers 110 not via substrate 140, substrate 140 is also Need not be transparent.Substrate 140 can use such as BaF2、SrF2、MgO、MgAl2O4, sapphire (Al2O3)、SrTiO3、 LaAlO3、TiO2、Gd3Ga5O12、LaSrAlO4、LaSrGaO4、LaTaO3、SrO、YSZ(ZrO2·Y2O3)、YAG、Tb3Ga5O12Come Formed.
[8. manufacture method]
Then, an example of manufacture method is illustrated.
As the method realizing the composition shown in Fig. 1 C, 1D, such as, there is following method: by steaming on transparency carrier 140 Plate, sputter, fluorescent material is formed the thin film of photoluminescent layers 110 by the operation such as coating, then forms electrolyte, by photoetching etc. Method carries out patterning to form periodic structure 120.Said method can also be replaced, form periodic structure by nano impression 120.It addition, as shown in figure 24, it is also possible to form periodic structure 120 by the part only processing photoluminescent layers 110.This Time, periodic structure 120 is just formed by the material identical with photoluminescent layers 110.
Luminescent device 100 shown in Figure 1A, 1B such as can be by making the luminescent device 100a shown in Fig. 1 C, 1D After, the operation of the part carrying out divesting photoluminescent layers 110 and periodic structure 120 from substrate 140 realizes.
Configuration example shown in Figure 19 A is if passing through on transparency carrier 140 with the side such as semiconductor technology or nano impression Method forms periodic structure 120a, by methods such as evaporation, sputterings, constituent material forms photoluminescent layers 110 the most above Realize.Or, it is also possible to real by utilizing the methods such as coating that the recess of periodic structure 120a is embedded photoluminescent layers 110 Existing composition shown in Figure 19 B.
Additionally, above-mentioned manufacture method is an example, the luminescent device of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned manufacture method.
[9. experimental example]
Hereinafter, the example of the luminescent device making embodiments of the present invention is illustrated.
Trial-production has the sample of the luminescent device equally constituted with Figure 19 A, evaluates characteristic.Luminescent device operates as follows and makes Make.
The cycle that arranges on the glass substrate is 400nm, height is the One Dimension Periodic structure (protuberance of striated) of 40nm, from 210nm embedded photoluminescent material YAG:Ce film is formed on it.The TEM image of its sectional view is represented in fig. 25, by by it When exciting with the LED of 450nm and make YAG:Ce luminescence, measure the spectrum of its frontal, the result obtained is represented at Figure 26 In.Figure 26 illustrates measure measurement result (ref) when not having a periodic structure, have with One Dimension Periodic parallelism structural inclined The TM pattern of light component of shaking and the result of the TE pattern of the polarized light component having with One Dimension Periodic structure vertical.There is the cycle During structure, compared with when there is no a periodic structure, it can be observed that the light of specific wavelength dramatically increases.Have and one it addition, understand The reinforced effects of the light of the TM pattern of the polarized light component that dimension periodic structure is parallel is big.
Additionally, measurement result and the result of calculation of the dependence of angle of exiting light beam intensity in identical sample are represented In Figure 27 A～27F and Figure 28 A～28F.Figure 27 A represents that the luminescent device of the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TM pattern is with one-dimensional The axle that the line direction of periodic structure 120 is parallel is the situation that rotary shaft rotates.Figure 27 B and Figure 27 C represents respectively for so making Measurement result when it rotates and result of calculation.On the other hand, Figure 27 D represents the luminescence of the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TE pattern The situation that device rotates with the axle parallel with the line direction of One Dimension Periodic structure 120 for rotary shaft.Figure 27 E and Figure 27 F table respectively Show measurement result now and result of calculation.Figure 28 A represents that the luminescent device of the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TE pattern is with one The axle that the line direction of dimension periodic structure 120 is vertical is the situation that rotary shaft rotates.Figure 28 B and Figure 28 C represents survey now respectively Determine result and result of calculation.On the other hand, Figure 28 D represents that the luminescent device of the rectilinearly polarized light making injection TM pattern is with one-dimensional The axle that the line direction of periodic structure 120 is vertical is the situation that rotary shaft rotates.Figure 28 E and Figure 28 F represents mensuration now respectively Result and result of calculation.From Figure 27 A～27F and Figure 28 A～28F, the reinforced effects of TM pattern is higher.It addition, understand quilt The wavelength of the light strengthened is subjected to displacement along with angle difference.Such as, for the light that wavelength is 610nm, due to for TM mould Formula and only there is light at frontal, it may thus be appreciated that directivity is high and polarized luminescence.It addition, Figure 27 B and Figure 27 C, Figure 27 E and figure 27F, Figure 28 B with Figure 28 C, Figure 28 E measurement result respective with Figure 28 F is consistent with result of calculation, the most above-mentioned calculating correct Property obtained experiment confirm.
Figure 29 represents that the light making wavelength be 610nm rotates with the direction vertical with line direction for rotary shaft as shown in fig. 28d Time the dependence of angle of intensity.It can be observed how: on frontal, create strong luminescence enhancement, for other angles Speech, light is almost without situation about being enhanced.Understand and be less than 15 ° to the sensing angle of the light of frontal injection.Additionally, as above institute State, point to angle be intensity be the angle of the 50% of maximum intensity, in order to the unilateral angle table centered by the direction of maximum intensity Show.Understood by the result shown in Figure 29 and achieve directivity luminescence.Additionally, due to emitted light is all the one-tenth of TM pattern Point, it may thus be appreciated that also achieve polarized luminescence simultaneously.
The YAG:Ce that experiment for above checking uses the wavelength band in wideband territory luminous is carried out.Send out even if using The embedded photoluminescent material of the light going out narrow-band-domain is tested with same composition, and the light for this wavelength also is able to realize high finger Tropism and polarized luminescence.Additionally, in the case of employing such embedded photoluminescent material, owing to not producing other wavelength Light, therefore, it is possible to realize not producing the light source of the light of other directions and other polarization states.
[10. other variation]
Then, the luminescent device of the present invention and other variation of light-emitting device are illustrated.
As it has been described above, the submicrometer structure being had by the luminescent device of the present invention, by the light of luminescence enhancement effect Wavelength and exit direction depend on the composition of submicrometer structure.Consider on photoluminescent layers 110, there is week shown in Figure 31 The luminescent device of phase structure 120.Here, formed exemplified with periodic structure 120 by the material identical with photoluminescent layers 110, had There is the situation of the One Dimension Periodic structure 120 shown in Figure 1A.For by One Dimension Periodic structure 120 by the light of luminescence enhancement Speech, when being set as the period p (nm) of One Dimension Periodic structure 120, refractive index n of photoluminescent layers 110wav, the outside of emergent light Refractive index n of mediumout, θ will be set as to the angle of incidence of One Dimension Periodic structure 120wav, by One Dimension Periodic structure 120 to outside The angle of emergence of medium is set as θoutTime, meet p × nwav×sinθwav-p×nout×sinθoutThe relation of=m λ is (with reference to above-mentioned Formula (5)).Wherein, λ is the aerial wavelength of light, and m is integer.
θ can be obtained by above-mentioned formulaout=arcsin [(nwav×sinθwav-mλ/p)/nout].Therefore, if usual wavelength λ is different, then by the output angle θ of light of luminescence enhancementoutAlso different.As a result of which it is, property ground represents like that as schematically shown in Figure 31, Direction according to the observation, the color of the light that can see is different.
In order to reduce this view angle dependency, as long as with (nwav×sinθwav-mλ/p)/noutDo not rely on wavelength X and fix Mode select nwavAnd noutJust.Owing to the refractive index of material has wavelength dispersion (wavelength dependency), if therefore choosing Select (nwav×sinθwav-mλ/p)/noutDo not rely on that wavelength X is such has nwavAnd noutWavelength dispersibility material just OK.Such as, when outside medium is air, noutDo not rely on wavelength and be essentially 1.0, therefore as forming photoluminescent layers 110 and the material of One Dimension Periodic structure 120, preferably select refractive index nwavThe little material of wavelength dispersion.And then, preferably reflect Rate is relative to refractive index nwavInverse dispersion as shorter wavelengths of smooth step-down.
It addition, as shown in fig. 32 a, the multiple cycles mutually different by the wavelength of arrangement display luminescence enhancement effect tie Structure, it is possible to injection white light.In the example shown in Figure 32 A, it is possible to strengthen periodic structure 120r, Neng Gouzeng of red light (R) The periodic structure 120g of strong green light (G) and the periodic structure 120b of blue light (B) can be strengthened with rectangular arrangement.Cycle ties Structure 120r, 120g and 120b for example, One Dimension Periodic structure and respective protuberance arrange parallel to each other.Therefore, polarization characteristic pair The most identical in the light of whole colors of red, green, blue.By periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b, three former by luminescence enhancement The light of color is shot up, colour mixture, such that it is able to obtain white light and rectilinearly polarized light.
When being referred to as unit period structure (or picture with each periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b of rectangular arrangement Element) time, more than three times of size (that is, length) for example, cycle of unit period structure.It addition, in order to obtain colour mixture Effect, preferably can not go out unit period structure with eye recognition, such as preferred length is less than 1mm.Here, with pros Shape draws constituent parts periodic structure, but is not limited to this, and the most adjacent periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b can be long Square, the shape in addition to square such as triangle, hexagon.
Both can be to periodic structure it addition, be arranged on the photoluminescent layers under periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b 120r, 120g are the most identical with for 120b, it is also possible to arrange and have the embedded photoluminescent material different according to the light of shades of colour Photoluminescent layers.
As shown in fig. 32b, multiple periodic structures that the orientation of the protuberance extension that can arrange One Dimension Periodic structure is different (wrap Include periodic structure 120h, 120i and 120j).The wavelength of the light of multiple periodic structure luminescence enhancement can be the same or different. Such as, if arranged as shown in fig. 32b by identical periodic structure, then can obtain non-polarizable light.It addition, for Figure 32 A In periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b for, if being suitable for the arrangement of Figure 32 B respectively, then can obtain not as entirety The white light of polarization.
Certainly, periodic structure is not limited to One Dimension Periodic structure, it is also possible to as shown in fig. 32 c, arranges multiple two-dimension periodic knot Structure (includes periodic structure 120k, 120m and 120n).Now, the cycle of periodic structure 120k, 120m and 120n, orientation as above institute State, both can be the same or different, can the most suitably set.
As shown in figure 33, the array of lenticule 130 such as can be configured at the light exit side of luminescent device.Pass through lenticule The array of 130, the bendingof light penetrated by adipping, to normal direction, it is possible to obtain the effect of colour mixture.
Luminescent device shown in Figure 33 has the region of periodic structure 120r, 120g and 120b of being respectively provided with in Figure 32 A R1, R2 and R3.In the R1 of region, by periodic structure 120r, red light R penetrates to normal direction, and such as green light G is to inclination Direction is penetrated.According to the refraction action of lenticule 130, green light G of adipping injection bends to normal direction.Its result It is that in the normal direction, red light R and green light G are by colour mixture, thus are observed.So, by arranging lenticule 130, institute According to angle is different, different phenomenons is inhibited the wavelength of the light of injection.Here, exemplified with will be with multiple periodic structure phases The microlens array of corresponding multiple lenticulees integration, but it is not limited to this.Certainly, the periodic structure laid is not limited to above-mentioned Example, also is able to be suitable in the case of laying identical periodic structure, additionally it is possible to be applicable to the structure shown in Figure 32 B or Figure 32 C Become.
The optics of the effect with the bendingof light penetrated by adipping can be that biconvex lens is micro-to replace Lens array.It addition, be not only lens, it is possible to use prism.The array of prism can also be used.Can be relative with periodic structure It is respectively configured prism with answering.The shape of prism is not particularly limited.It is, for example possible to use triangular prism or pyramid prism.
Obtain the method for white light (or there is the light of wide spectral width) except the method utilizing above-mentioned periodic structure In addition, the most also just like the method utilizing photoluminescent layers shown in Figure 34 A and Figure 34 B.As shown in fig. 34 a, luminous by stacking Multiple photoluminescent layers 110b, 110g, 110r that wavelength is different, it is possible to obtain white light.Lamination order is not limited to the example of diagram Son.Alternatively, it is also possible to as illustrated in figure 34b, sending on the photoluminescent layers 110b of blue light, stacking sends the light of sodium yellow Electroluminescent layer 110y.Photoluminescent layers 110y such as can use YAG to be formed.
Additionally, the situation of the embedded photoluminescent material used in matrix (main body) material mixing such as use and fluorochromes Under, it is possible to multiple embedded photoluminescent materials different for emission wavelength are mixed with host material, sends with single photoluminescent layers White light.Such photoluminescent layers that can send white light can use with reference to applying that Figure 32 A～Figure 32 C is illustrated If the composition of unit period structure.
In the case of using the inorganic material (such as YAG) material as formation photoluminescent layers 110, manufactured at it Sometimes through the heat treatment more than 1000 DEG C in journey.Now, impurity is spread by substrate (typically substrate), makes light sometimes The characteristics of luminescence of electroluminescent layer 110 reduces.In order to prevent impurity to be diffused into photoluminescent layers, such as shown in Figure 35 A～35D, Barrier layer (barrier layer) 108 can be set under photoluminescent layers.As shown in Figure 35 A～35D, barrier layer 108 is at mesh In the various compositions illustrated till before, it is formed at the lower floor of photoluminescent layers 110.
Such as, as shown in Figure 35 A, between substrate 140 and photoluminescent layers 110, form barrier layer 108.It addition, such as Shown in Figure 35 B, in the case of there is multiple photoluminescent layers 110a and 110b, respective at photoluminescent layers 110a and 110b Lower floor forms barrier layer 108a or 108b.
In the case of the refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of substrate 140 is big, as shown in Figure 35 C, Figure 35 D, As long as forming low-index layer 107 on substrate 140.As shown in Figure 35 C, low-index layer is set on substrate 140 In the case of 107, form the barrier layer 108 between low-index layer 107 and photoluminescent layers 110.And then, such as Figure 35 D institute Show, in the case of there is multiple photoluminescent layers 110a and 100b, in lower floor's shape respectively of photoluminescent layers 110a and 110b Become barrier layer 108a and 108b.
Additionally, low-index layer 107 is equal in the refractive index of the refractive index of substrate 140 and photoluminescent layers 110 or than it Formed in the case of great.The refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of low-index layer 107 is low.Low-index layer 107 example As used MgF2、LiF、CaF2、BaF2、SrF2, quartz, resin, the normal temperature cure glass such as HSQ SOG formed.Preferably less than reflect The thickness of rate layer 107 is bigger than the wavelength of light.Substrate 140 such as uses MgF2、LiF、CaF2、BaF2、SrF2, glass, resin, MgO、MgAl2O4, sapphire (Al2O3)、SrTiO3、LaAlO3、TiO2、Gd3Ga5O12、LaSrAlO4、LaSrGaO4、LaTaO3、 SrO、YSZ(ZrO2·Y2O3)、YAG、Tb3Ga5O12Formed.
As long as barrier layer 108,108a, 108b the most suitably select according to the object meta preventing diffusion, such as may be used To use the strong oxide crystal of covalent bonding, element nitride crystal to be formed.Barrier layer 108, the thickness example of 108a, 108b As for below 50nm.
Additionally, there is barrier layer 108 or crystal grown layer described later 106 is such adjacent with photoluminescent layers 110 Layer composition in, when the refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers of adjacent layer is big, by the folding of layer big for this refractive index Penetrate the mean refractive index that the refractive index of rate and photoluminescent layers obtains with volume ratio weighting respectively and be set as nwav.This be because of For, the situation that this situation is optically made up of the layer of multiple different materials with photoluminescent layers is of equal value.
It addition, in the photoluminescent layers 110 using inorganic material to be formed, owing to the crystallinity of inorganic material is low, therefore Sometimes the characteristics of luminescence of photoluminescent layers 110 is low.In order to improve the crystallinity of the inorganic material constituting photoluminescent layers 110, also Can be as shown in Figure 36 A, the substrate at photoluminescent layers 110 forms crystal grown layer (otherwise referred to as " inculating crystal layer ") 106.Brilliant Bulk-growth layer 106 utilizes the material with the crystal lattice match of the photoluminescent layers 110 formed above to be formed.Lattice Join the most preferably within ± 5%.In the case of the refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of substrate 140 is big, preferably The refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of crystal grown layer 106 or 106a is little.
Substrate 140 refractive index more than photoluminescent layers 110 refractive index in the case of, as shown in figure 36b, if Low-index layer 107 is formed just on substrate 140.Owing to crystal grown layer 106 contacts with photoluminescent layers 110, therefore exist In the case of forming low-index layer 107 on substrate 140, low-index layer 107 forms crystal grown layer 106.It addition, such as Shown in Figure 36 C, in the composition with multiple photoluminescent layers 110a and 110b, it is preferably formed as and multiple photoluminescent layers 110a Crystal grown layer 106a or 106b the most corresponding with 110b.Crystal grown layer 106,106a and 106b thickness for example, Below 50nm.
As shown in Figure 37 A and Figure 37 B, for protection period structure 120, it is also possible to arrange sealer 132.
Sealer 132 can not have the type of substrate as Figure 37 A show, it is also possible to arranges as illustrated in figure 37b For having the type of substrate 140.It addition, in the luminescent device of the type without substrate shown in Figure 37 A, can be photic The lower floor of luminescent layer 110 is also provided with sealer.So, sealer 132 can be arranged on any one luminescence above-mentioned On the surface of device.Periodic structure 120 is not limited to the structure illustrated in Figure 37 A and Figure 37 B, can be above-mentioned any one kind Type.
Sealer 132 such as can utilize resin, firmly be coated with material, SiO2、Al2O3(aluminium oxide), SiOC, DLC carry out shape Become.The thickness of sealer 132 for example, 100nm～10 μm.
By arranging sealer 132, it is possible to protection luminescent device by external environment influence, does not suppresses luminescent device Deterioration.Sealer 132 protects that the surface of luminescent device is injured, moisture, oxygen, acid, alkali or the impact of heat.Sealer Material, the thickness of 132 suitably can set according to purposes.
It addition, embedded photoluminescent material deteriorates because of heat sometimes.Heat is main by the non-radiative damage of photoluminescent layers 110 Lose, Stokes losses and produce.Such as, the pyroconductivity (1.6W/m K) of the quartz pyroconductivity (11.4W/m than YAG K) the least an order of magnitude.Therefore, the heat produced at photoluminescent layers (such as YAG layer) 110 is difficult to from substrate (such as quartz Substrate) 140 by and dispel the heat in conduction of heat to outside, the temperature of photoluminescent layers 110 rises, and sometimes causes heat deterioration.
Therefore, as shown in fig. 38 a, by forming transparent high heat conduction layer between photoluminescent layers 110 and substrate 140 105, it is possible to make the heat of photoluminescent layers 110 be conducted efficiently to outside, prevent temperature from rising.Now, preferably clear high heat passes The refractive index of the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers 110 of conducting shell 105 is low.Additionally, at the refractive index ratio photoluminescent layers of substrate 140 In the case of the refractive index of 110 is low, the refractive index of transparent high heat conduction layer 105 can also be higher than the refraction of photoluminescent layers 110 Rate.But, in this case, transparent high heat conduction layer 105 forms ducting layer, the most preferably together with photoluminescent layers 110 For below 50nm.If forming low-refraction as shown in fig. 38b between photoluminescent layers 110 and transparent high heat conduction layer 105 Layer 107, then can utilize the transparent high heat conduction layer 105 of thickness.
It addition, as shown in Figure 38 C, it is also possible to by periodic structure 120 low-index layer 107 with high pyroconductivity Cover.And then, it is also possible to as shown in Figure 38 D, periodic structure 120 low-index layer 107 is covered, then form transparent high heat biography Conducting shell 105.In this composition, low-index layer 107 need not have high pyroconductivity.
As the material of transparent high heat conduction layer 105, such as, can enumerate: Al2O3、MgO、Si3N4、ZnO、AlN、Y2O3、 Diamond, Graphene, CaF2、BaF2.Among these, due to CaF2、BaF2Refractive index low, therefore, it is possible to as low-refraction Layer 107 utilizes.
Then, with reference to Figure 39 A～39D, to the heat radiation that improve the light-emitting device possessing luminescent device 100 and light source 180 The structure of characteristic illustrates.
Light-emitting device shown in Figure 39 A has the LED chip 180 as light source 180 and luminescent device 100.Luminescent device 100 can be any one type above-mentioned.LED chip 180 is arranged on support substrate 190, luminescent device 100 and LED chip Separate predetermined distance configuration.Luminescent device 100 is luminous by the exciting light that penetrated by LED chip.Supporting on substrate 190, LED chip 180 and luminescent device 100 are covered by sealing 142.
Sealing 142 possesses high thermal conductivity and light transmission.The material forming sealing 142 (is sometimes referred to as " sealing material Material ") for example, comprise the composite of high thermal conductivity filler and resin material.As high thermal conductivity filler, can illustrate Al2O3、ZnO、Y2O3, Graphene and AlN.It addition, as resin material, epoxy resin and silicones can be illustrated.Particularly, As encapsulant, the size of high thermal conductivity filler can be used to employ the nanometer of nano-scale (that is, submicron-scale) Composite.When using nano composite material, it is possible to the scattered reflection (or scattering) of suppression light.As nano composite material, can ZnO or Al is used to illustrate2O3As filler, use epoxy resin or silicones as the material of resin.
Additionally, expose the situation of type on surface as luminescent device 100 is as illustrated in Figure 39 A for periodic structure Under, the refractive index of the medium of preferred cycle structure periphery is less than the refractive index of periodic structure.That is, the refractive index of sealing 142 is excellent Choosing: less than euphotic refractive index in the case of periodic structure is formed by photic zone, periodic structure by with photic The material that photosphere is identical is less than the refractive index of photoluminescent layers in the case of being formed.
Sealing 142 can also be (such as to have week by the near surface of luminescent device 100 as shown in Figure 39 B The photic zone of phase structure or photoluminescent layers) mode exposed arranges.Now, the refractive index of sealing 142 is not particularly limited.
It addition, as shown in Figure 39 C, in the type using periodic structure to be covered by low-index layer 107 (with reference to Figure 38 C) In the case of device is as luminescent device 100, the refractive index of sealing 142 can also be higher than the refractive index of periodic structure.Pass through Such composition, the range of choice of the material of sealing 142 is used to broaden.
Additionally, as shown in Figure 39 D, it is also possible to the periphery of luminescent device 100 is fixed on there is the fixing of high thermal conductivity In device 152.Holder 152 such as can be formed by metal.Such as, in the case of using laser diode 182 as light source, When between luminescent device 100 and light source cannot packing matcrial time, can be suitable for using above-mentioned structure.Such as, have The luminescent device 100 of composition illustrated in Figure 38 A～38D has transparent high heat conduction layer 105 or has high thermoconductivity Low-index layer 107, therefore the heat conductivity in the face of device is high such that it is able to effectively dispel the heat across holder 152.
As shown in Figure 40 A～40D, it is also possible at the surface configuration height heat conduction component 144 or 146 of luminescent device 100.High Heat conduction component 144 or 146 is such as formed by metal.
For example, it is possible to as the top view represented in the sectional view represented in Figure 40 A, Figure 40 B, to cover luminescent device The mode of a part for the periodic structure 120 of 100 configures high heat conduction component 144.Figure 40 A and 40B represents and only covers formation The wire height heat conduction component 144 of in multiple protuberances of One Dimension Periodic structure, but it is not limited to this.
Alternatively, it is also possible to as the top view represented in the sectional view represented in Figure 40 C, Figure 40 D, to cover luminous organ The protuberance at the two ends of the periodic structure 120 of part 100 and the mode of the end face of photoluminescent layers 110, form high heat conduction component 146.In either case, if the face of part that covered by high heat conduction component 146 of periodic structure and photoluminescent layers Long-pending change is big, it is likely that can affect the characteristic of luminescent device 100, and the high heat being therefore formed on the surface of luminescent device 100 passes The area leading component 146 is the least.
In addition it is also possible to as the top view represented in the sectional view represented in Figure 41 A, Figure 41 B, have not laying In the case of isostructural multiple luminescent device 100r, 100g and 100b, to cover each between adjacent luminescent device The mode of the end of optical device, configures high heat conduction component 148.Such as, as illustrated therein as, arrangement strengthen redness The situation of the luminescent device 100b of the luminescent device 100r of light, the luminescent device 100g strengthening green light and enhancing blue light Under, such as when the high heat conduction component 148 formed by metal is arranged between adjacent luminescent device, due to high conduction of heat Component 148 has light-proofness, therefore, it is possible to suppression colour mixture.So, it is also possible to as the black matrix in display floater, use height Heat conduction component 148.
Figure 42 A and 42B represents the example of the light-emitting device possessing interlock circuit 185.Figure 42 A is to represent luminescent device 100 The schematic diagram at the back side；Figure 42 B is the schematic diagram of the light-emitting device including the sectional view of luminescent device 100.Such as Figure 42 A and Shown in 42B, the back side of the substrate 140 being had at luminescent device 100 is formed with ring-type distribution 172.Ring-type distribution 172 is formed at Near the periphery at the back side of luminescent device 100, be formed as breaking after substrate 140 breakage.Ring-type distribution 172 is such as by metal material Material is formed.Two ends of ring-type distribution 172 electrically connect with the relay circuit of interlock circuit 185.Occur at ring-type distribution 172 In the case of broken string, relay circuit cuts off the power supply to light source 182.Strong from sending intensity as laser diode The viewpoints such as the safety of light time consider, light source 182 particularly preferably arranges interlock circuit 185.
The submicrometer structure that the luminescent device of above-mentioned embodiment is had for example, periodic structure, it is possible to use photoetching skill Art or nanolithography are formed.With reference to Figure 43 A～43F, other forming methods of submicrometer structure are illustrated.
As shown in Figure 43 A, the surface of the photoluminescent layers 110 supported by substrate 140 configures pearl 122.By inciting somebody to action A part for pearl 122 imbeds photoluminescent layers 110 equably, it is possible to pearl 122 is fixed on photoluminescent layers 110.So, Photoluminescent layers 110 is imbedded equably and remainder is by photoluminescent layers 110 in the substantial amounts of respective part of pearl 122 In the case of Tu Chu, the refractive index of pearl 122 both can be equal with the refractive index of photoluminescent layers 110, it is also possible to smaller.Example As, in the case of the refractive index of pearl 122 is less than the refractive index of photoluminescent layers 110, substantial amounts of pearl 122 layer formed (part highlighted by photoluminescent layers 110 and these two parts of part being embedded in) are as the photic zone 120 of submicrometer structure Wave function.It addition, in the case of the refractive index of pearl 122 is equal with the refractive index of photoluminescent layers 110, pearl 122 and light Electroluminescent layer 110 essentially becomes one, photoluminescent layers 110 part highlighted is as the photic zone with submicrometer structure 120 function.
Or, as shown in Figure 43 B, it is also possible to configure substantial amounts of pearl 122 on substrate 140, form photic the most again Photosphere 110.Now, the refractive index of preferred pearl 122 is less than the refractive index of photoluminescent layers 110.
Here, the diameter of pearl 122 such as with above-mentioned DintEqual or smaller.Feelings in pearl 122 filling densely Under condition, the diameter of pearl 122 and DintBasically identical.In the case of forming gap between adjacent pearl 122, pearl 122 Diameter is plus the length obtained by gap and DintCorresponding.
It addition, as pearl 122, both can be hollow pearl, it is also possible to for middle real pearl.
Figure 43 C～43F is the figure of the filling state schematically showing various pearl and by the pearl of each filling state The figure of the light scattering pattern obtained.In Figure 43 C～43F, black part is the middle real part in real pearl or hollow pearl in representing Point, white portion represents the gap in hollow pearl or hollow pearl.
Figure 43 C represents state and its light scattering pattern of the intensive filling of hollow pearl with avette profile.This hollow The gap of pearl is approximately spherical and is formed at the position of bottom of ovum.Figure 43 D represents have approximately spherical profile The state of the intensive filling of hollow pearl and its light scattering pattern.The gap of this hollow pearl be approximately spherical and with profile The mode that contacts of ball formed.Figure 43 E represent the state of the intensive filling of hollow pearl with approximately spherical profile and its Light scattering pattern.The gap of this hollow pearl comprises two approximately spherical spaces, and two spherical voids are along profile The diameter arrangement of ball.Figure 43 F represents the hollow pearl with approximately spherical profile and the middle reality with approximately spherical profile The state of the intensive filling of pearl and its light scattering pattern.Hollow pearl and middle real pearl have essentially identical diameter, with substantially Identical volume ratio mixing.It addition, the configuration of hollow pearl and middle real pearl does not has regularity, the most random.
For hollow pearl, middle real pearl, by the pearl of various glass or resin formation the most on sale.Here institute The pearl illustrated such as uses the hollow two of the powder body of the aluminium oxide the most commercially available as grinding-material, Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd. Silicon oxides etc., add dispersant to obtained pearl, are dispersed in solvent (such as water and/or alcohols etc.), by this dispersion liquid Impose on substrate 140 or on photoluminescent layers 110, be dried, it is possible to be formed the layer of substantial amounts of pearl filling thick and fast.
[11. application examples]
As it has been described above, the luminescent device of the present invention and possess the light-emitting device of this luminescent device owing to having various advantage, Therefore by being applied to various optical device, favourable effect can be played.Hereinafter, application examples is enumerated.
[11-1. display device]
The luminescent device of the present invention can penetrate, to specific direction, the light that directivity is high.This high directivity is such as suitable as The edge light type backlight utilizing the light guide plate of liquid crystal indicator uses.The aobvious of the low light source of directivity is employed existing In showing device, need by reflecting plate and/or diffusion material, the light penetrated by light source is imported light guide plate.On the other hand, make In display device with the light source of the high embodiments of the present invention of the directivity of specific direction, even if by these opticses It is omitted or simplified and also is able to import light to light guide plate efficiently.
Figure 44 is the axonometric chart of the example schematically showing such display device.This display device 300 possesses Excitation source 310, it is positioned at from the luminescent device 320 in the light path of the exciting light of excitation source 310 and is positioned at from luminous organ Optical shutter 350 in the light path of the light of part 320.In this embodiment, display device 300 is also equipped with making selfluminous element The light of 320 travels to the light guide plate 330 of optical shutter 350 and the light carrying out selfluminous element 320 being arranged in optical shutter 350 The color filter array 340 of light incident side.
Luminescent device 320 has and accepts exciting light and the light of the wavelength band domain of red, green, blue is injected to luminescence generated by light respectively Multiple regions (R, G, B) of the normal direction of layer.Figure 44 only depicts six regions, but actually can also exist more Region.
Here, the wavelength band domain of red, green, blue is the reddest: 600～750nm, green: 490～570nm, indigo plant: 430nm～ 470nm。
Luminescent device 320, as the respective embodiments described above, has: by the luminous photoluminescent layers of exciting light, with On photic zone that the close mode of photoluminescent layers configures and at least one that is formed in photoluminescent layers and photic zone and to Photoluminescent layers or the submicrometer structure of euphotic internal diffusion.Here " close " includes directly contacting.Tied by submicron Multiple protuberances in structure and at least one in multiple recess, form the periodic structure in each region of R, G, B.
The light that photoluminescent layers is sent includes that the wavelength in air is λaThe first light, wavelength in air be λb? Wavelength in two light and air is λcThe 3rd light.λa、λb、λcIt is belonging respectively to the wavelength band domain of red, green, blue.In the R of region, when Photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of the first lightwav-a, be p by the cycle set of periodic structureaTime, set up λa/nwav-a ＜ pa＜ λaRelation.In the G of region, when photoluminescent layers is set as n to the refractive index of the second lightwav-b, by periodic structure Cycle set be pbTime, set up λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbRelation.In the B of region, when by photoluminescent layers to the 3rd light Refractive index is set as nwav-c, be p by the cycle set of periodic structurecTime, set up λc/nwav-c＜ pc＜ λcRelation.
Since light guide plate 330, the light of selfluminous element 320 is injected the mode of its side and is configured.Light guide plate 330 have with The composition that conventional light guide plate used in the backlight of marginal ray mode is same.It is for instance possible to use Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 8- The composition of the light guide plate disclosed in No. 234200 publications.In such composition, reflection is set in a face of light guide plate 330 Plate, arranges diffuser plate in another face.While propagating light in light guide plate 330, by the face of diffuser plate side essentially the samely Injection light.
Color filter array 340 has the multiple color filters with two-dimensional arrangements.Multiple color filters include making respectively red, green, blue Three kinds of color filters selectively passing through of light.The set of three color filters of the red, green, blue of configuration close to each other is with lattice-like Arrangement.These set is corresponding to a pixel, and a color filter is corresponding to sub-pix.Additionally, color filter array 340 is not limited to The light incident side of the light being arranged in optical shutter 350, it is also possible to be arranged on exiting side.Example as be described hereinafter is such, color filter battle array Row 340 can also be arranged on the inside of optical shutter 350.
Optical shutter 350 is divided into multiple unit areas corresponding with sub-pix respectively.At each unit area energy The absorbance enough making light changes.Optical shutter 350 such as can be realized by Liquid Crystal Module.
Hereinafter, the example of the optical shutter 350 employing liquid crystal is illustrated.In the following examples, color filter battle array Row 340 are arranged on the inside of optical shutter 350 (that is, Liquid Crystal Module).
Figure 45 is the structure schematically showing display device 300a with the optical shutter 350 realized by Liquid Crystal Module The sectional view become.Additionally, the thickness of each layer in Figure 45 and mutual interval do not have slice-of-life thickness and interval.For it His figure is too.This display device 300a is also equipped with driving the drive circuit 360 of optical shutter 350 according to picture signal.This example Optical shutter 350 in son has and is sequentially formed with Polarization filter 351, transparency carrier 352, transparency electrode 353, liquid crystal layer 355, transparency electrode 356, color filter array 340, transparency carrier 357 and the structure of Polarization filter 358.With light guide plate 330 Close Polarization filter 351 and away from the Polarization filter 358 of light guide plate 330, the direction of polarized light transmission axle staggers 90 Degree.Two transparency electrodes 353,356 electrically connect with drive circuit 360.By making drive circuit 360 put on two transparency electrodes 353, the voltage of 356 changes at each sub-pix, makes the change in orientation of the liquid crystal molecule of liquid crystal layer 355.Thus, at each sub-picture Element makes light transmittance change.
Additionally, in the case of the light penetrated by light guide plate 330 is rectilinearly polarized light, it is possible to omit Polarization filter 351. In the both sides of liquid crystal layer 355, oriented layer can also be set.Oriented layer make when liquid crystal layer 355 not being applied voltage liquid crystal molecule to Specific direction aligns.
Then, the work to present embodiment illustrates.
The exciting light penetrated by excitation source 310 injects the photoluminescent layers of luminescent device 320.Photoluminescent layers accepts to swash Luminous and send the light of the wavelength band domain of red, green, blue.The light of red, green, blue is the most vertical with the periodic structure of region R, G, B respectively Directly penetrate and be imported into light guide plate 330.It is imported into the light of light guide plate 330 at one side, the inside of light guide plate 330 interreflection one Limit is guide-lighting, mixes in the meantime, a face of light guide plate 330 penetrates as substantially homogeneous white light.From light guide plate 330 Emergent light by optical shutter 350 to each sub-pix modulate intensity, penetrate to outside.Thus, according to being input to driving electricity The picture signal on road 360, shows image.
The display device of present embodiment such as can be at equipment such as TV, PC display, smart mobile phone, tablet terminal Middle utilization.For smart mobile phone or tablet terminal such can be carried out input operation by touch equipment time, display dress Put and be also equipped with touch screen (or touch panel).
Figure 46 is the schematic perspective view of the example representing display device 300b being also equipped with touch screen 370.Touch screen The 370 light-emitting face sides being arranged on optical shutter 350.Touch screen 370 is such as detected by known modes such as direct capacitance modes The contact of finger etc..
Then, other embodiments of display device are illustrated.
Figure 47 is to represent light guide plate 330 so that travel to the side of photoluminescent layers 321 from the exciting light of excitation source 310 The cross-sectional schematic of a part for the composition of display device 300c of formula configuration.In this display device 300c, by excitation source The exciting light of 310 injections is while propagate, substantially homogeneously incident light electroluminescent layer 321 in light guide plate 330.Luminescence generated by light Layer 321 and formation submicrometer structure 322 in its surface are designed to make white light with photoluminescent layers 321 essentially perpendicularly Injection.Therefore, submicrometer structure 322 such as has the arbitrary structures being illustrated with reference to Figure 31～Figure 33.Such as, have deposited If the structure of multiple unit period structures or these trichroism three the most corresponding photoluminescent layers of stacking and R, G, B form Structure etc..In the structure laying multiple unit period structure, the size of constituent parts periodic structure is than the chi of sub-pix Very little little.
In the present embodiment, between optical shutter 350 and Polarization filter 358, color filter array 340 it is provided with.As Upper described, color filter array 340 can also be arranged on light incident side or the inside of optical shutter 350 of optical shutter 350.
The submicrometer structure 322 of present embodiment is One Dimension Periodic structure.Therefore, constituent parts periodic structure the light penetrated For rectilinearly polarized light.Therefore, between luminescent device 320 and optical shutter 350, it is not provided with Polarization filter.Tie at submicron In the case of structure 322 is two-dimensionally periodic structure, need Polarization filter.
The white light penetrated by luminescent device 320 is through optical shutter 350, color filter array 340 and Polarization filter 358.In the same manner as above-mentioned embodiment, optical shutter 350 makes the absorbance of light become at each sub-pix according to picture signal Change.Thus, display image.
Figure 48 is the schematic perspective view of another embodiment representing display device.This display device 300d has from Figure 44 Shown embodiment eliminates the structure of color filter array 340.In this embodiment, luminescent device 320 penetrate Assorted light is propagated in the way of not mixing with the light of other colors in light guide plate 330, unrelated with the position of the direction of propagation and Substantially homogeneously inject optical shutter 350.Figure 48 is represented simplifiedly, but each region of R, G, B (that is, unit period knot Structure) trickle, the number in each region can be phase with the pixel count in shown image direction (the most tens of～tens thousand of) Same degree.The size of one unit period structure for example, 100 μm, the pixel count for example, 1000 in a direction of image In the case of, the length of the arrangement of whole unit period structures can be 0.3m (=100 μ m 3 × 1000) left and right.Luminescent device Size and the quantity in each region of R, G, B in 320 are not limited to this example, according to fineness and the difficulty of manufacture of shown image Easily degree suitably determines.Optical shutter 350, in the same manner as the embodiment being illustrated before, makes the saturating of light according to picture signal Rate of penetrating changes at each sub-pix.Thus, color filter array 340 is not used, it is also possible to display coloured image.
Figure 49 is the cross-sectional schematic of a part for the another embodiment representing display device.The display of this embodiment Device 300e has the structure eliminating color filter array 340 from display device 300c shown in Figure 47.Additionally, submicron knot Structure 322 has the periodic structure 322R of the light of the wavelength band domain to generally vertical direction injection redness, penetrates to generally vertical direction Go out the week of the light of the periodic structure 322G of the light of the wavelength band domain of green and the wavelength band domain to generally vertical direction injection blueness Phase structure 322B.Three kinds of periodic structures 322R, 322G, 322B are repeated in arrangement in a direction.Three close cycle knots Structure 322R, 322G, 322B region corresponds to a pixel, and the region of each periodic structure corresponds to a sub-pix.
Optical shutter 350 is changed at each sub-pix by the absorbance making light, the light making to be sent by each sub-pix strong Degree change.By such structure, it is not provided with color filter array 340, it is also possible to carry out and display device 300c shown in Figure 47 Same colored display.
In this embodiment, photoluminescent layers 321 can be in the region injection redness corresponding with periodic structure 322R Light, at the light that the injection of corresponding with periodic structure 322G region is green, penetrate in the region corresponding with periodic structure 322B Go out the light of blueness.I.e., it is also possible at each area change luminescent material in these regions.Blueness is penetrated at excitation source 310 During the exciting light of wavelength band domain, photoluminescent layers 321 can also use the light of the wavelength band domain of injection red and green (i.e. yellow) Luminescent material.Such luminescent material such as can enumerate Y3Al5O12:Ce3+Deng YAG.
According to display device as above, it is possible to be omitted or simplified when the light source that the existing directivity of use is low required The optics such as reflecting plate or diffusion material.It addition, existing color filter is by absorbing unwanted light from the light of white, make institute Desired blueness, green, red light transmission, produce loss.And the manner is owing to only producing the light of required color, therefore can Enough reduce loss.Thereby, it is possible to realize the miniaturization of display device, electric power saving.
[11-2. illuminates (luminous) device]
The luminescent device of the present invention also is able to for illuminating (or luminous) device.Existing ligthing paraphernalia in order to by each to Property the desired direction of light directing that sends, use the optics including lens and/or reflecting plate.On the other hand, pass through Use the luminescent device of the present invention, it is possible to these omitted.Or, it is possible to the somewhat complex design for isotropic light is changed The simple design of the paired light high in directivity.As a result of which it is, can be by ligthing paraphernalia miniaturization or by design process simplification. Hereinafter, the example of such illuminator is illustrated.
Figure 50 is the axonometric chart of the example schematically showing illuminator.This illuminator 400 possesses luminous source 310, it is positioned at from the luminescent device 320 in the light path of the exciting light of excitation source 310 and the photoconduction of selfluminous element 320 in future Enter and emit to the light guide plate 330 of outside.Light guide plate 330 is configured to the light penetrated by luminescent device 320 is injected its side.
As already described, luminescent device 320 has multiple districts of light of each wavelength band domain of injection red, green, blue Territory.Figure 50 is simplified, but the most each region is trickle, can be designed as macroscopically penetrating substantially white light.As with Composition in injection white light, it would however also be possible to employ other compositions that stepped construction etc. are above-mentioned.Or, it is also possible to photic by change Luminescent layer or the composition of submicrometer structure, the light of the color (the reddest, green or blue) beyond injection white.To with luminescence generated by light The vertical direction of layer is only penetrated in the monochromatic purposes of narrow-band-domain, and submicrometer structure can only have a periodic structure.Lead Constituting of tabula rasa 330 is identical with the composition being explained.
The light penetrated by luminescent device 320 is while propagate in light guide plate 330, by a face injection.Can utilize This emergent light is as illumination.
Figure 51 is the partial sectional view of another example schematically showing illuminator.This illuminator 400a possesses sharp Luminous source 310, by import from the exciting light of excitation source 310 and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate 330 that configures and position Luminescent device 320 in the light path of the exciting light penetrated by light guide plate 330.
The exciting light penetrated by excitation source 310 is while propagate in light guide plate 330, the most equal by its another face Penetrate evenly.The exciting light of injection injects photoluminescent layers 321.Photoluminescent layers 321 in luminescent device 320 passes through exciting light Luminous.Photoluminescent layers 321 and submicrometer structure 322, by any of the above described a kind of composition, penetrate white light.This can be utilized to go out Penetrate light as illumination.In the present embodiment, it is also possible to by change photoluminescent layers or the composition of submicrometer structure, injection is white The light of the color (the reddest, green or blue) beyond color.
Figure 52 is the sectional view of the another example of the illuminator representing the present invention.This illuminator 400b possesses heat radiation base Plate 420, two luminescent devices 320 being fixed on heat-radiating substrate 420 and the reflecting mirror 410 of encirclement luminescent device 320.Send out for two Optical device 320 is respectively provided with the composition identical with the luminescent device of any one embodiment above-mentioned.Heat-radiating substrate 420 supports to be sent out Optical device 320 and reflecting mirror 410, and heat release to outside by produced by luminescent device 320.
The light produced by two luminescent devices 320 is had reflecting mirror 410 with concave surfaces and is reflected, and penetrates to outside.So, also Can be with illuminated in combination device 320 and reflecting mirror 410.
The composition of the light-emitting device employing reflecting mirror is not limited to above-mentioned composition.By making the luminescence of selfluminous element There is directivity, it is possible to reduce the area of reflecting mirror.For example, it is also possible to use Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2013-533583 publication, Japan The composition of other reflecting mirrors disclosed in special table 2009-535775 publication or Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2005-537665 publication.
By by luminescent device 320 produce heat release to outside cooling mechanism except above-mentioned constitute in addition to, it is also possible to for Various compositions.It is, for example possible to use be arranged on luminescence to cover as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-146509 publication The radiating component that the mode of a part for the reflecting mirror of the surrounding of device is arranged.
The light source of the illuminator of the present invention may be mounted on printed base plate.It is, for example possible to use the luminescence of the present invention Device replaces the LED chip in the LED housing disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2010-537437 publication.Or, it is possible to use this The luminescent device of invention replaces the LED device in the polarized light LED module disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-183192 publication Part.
Arrange multiple luminescent device and also be able to realize the illumination of high brightness.Such as, such as Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2011-181429 public affairs The illuminator of the LED being provided with more than ten disclosed in report is such, and the luminescent device arranging more than ten can also realize The illumination of high brightness.
Figure 53 is the sectional view of the configuration example representing such illuminator 400c.This illuminator 400c possesses: circuit Substrate 430, form multiple luminescent devices 320, the reflecting mirror 410 of concave above, to be formed at reflecting mirror 410 internal Diffuser plate 440 and be arranged on the lens 450 of outer edge of reflecting mirror 410.Multiple luminescent devices 320 are respectively provided with above-mentioned The composition that any one luminescent device is identical.Generally, to be easily designed to inject the incident angle of the light near central shaft little for lens. By the luminescence of directivity, it is possible to make the light sent near central shaft, therefore, it is possible to make optical design become easy.
The light penetrated by multiple luminescent devices 320 is spread by diffuser plate 440, arrives lens 450.Lens 450 make arrival saturating The anaclasis of mirror, to wide scope injection light.
Additionally, employ the composition of lens in addition to above-mentioned composition, it is also possible to use such as Japanese Patent No. 4632899 Composition number disclosed in publication.As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2012-059575 publication, multiple lens can be combined. Other compositions of combined reflected plate and lens as disclosed in No. 4523100 publications of Japanese Patent No., can also be used.
The luminescent device of the present invention can also apply to headlight for automobile.For instance, it is possible to be applied to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication 2013- Can utilize, disclosed in No. 526759 publications, the headlamp that micro mirror carries out cloth photocontrol.
Figure 54 is the figure of the schematic configuration representing such illuminator (headlamp) 400d.This illuminator 400d possesses Excitation source 310, luminescent device 320, lens 450 and micro mirror 460.Micro mirror 460 is connected with not shown drive circuit.
The exciting light penetrated by excitation source 310 is reflected by micro mirror 460, injects the ad-hoc location of luminescent device 320.Sending out This position of optical device 320, produces luminescence, and the light of particular color is to the direction injection vertical with photoluminescent layers.This light is by thoroughly Mirror 450 focuses on, and irradiates outside.
Micro mirror 460 passes through drive circuit, it is possible to rotate centered by specific axis (such as trunnion axis).By this rotation, energy Enough make the change in location of the luminescent device 320 that exciting light arrived.
The composition of present embodiment such as can be used in the switching of high beam and dipped headlights.If with not shown sensing Device combines, then also be able to automatically carry out such as being set as high beam in the case of front does not exist people or vehicle, in front The control of dipped headlights it is transformed in the case of there is people or vehicle.Or, additionally it is possible to carry out making to swash in the case of there is people in front The control that luminous source 310 is automatically stopped and illumination is closed.
As it has been described above, according to the illuminator of the present invention, it is possible to light for will isotropically send is omitted or simplified Guide the optics in desired direction.Therefore, it is possible to realize the miniaturization of ligthing paraphernalia or the simplification of design process.
In the field of illumination, develop the technology of the illumination of glory color and Micron Technology's color illumination etc.These technology are to make illumination The color of object seem more beautiful technology, the illumination of glory color such as has the effect that food such as making vegetable seems better to eat Really, the illumination of Micron Technology's color has and makes skin seem more beautiful effect.These technology all by controlling the light of light source according to object Spectrum (that is, the intensity distributions of the wavelength of the light sent) is carried out.In the past, penetrated by light source by using optical filter to make Light selects to pass through, the spectrum of the light used in control illumination.That is, absorbed by optical filter, therefore due to unwanted light The utilization ratio making light reduces.On the other hand, the luminescent device of the present invention, owing to can strengthen the light of specific wavelength, is therefore not required to Want optical filter such that it is able to make the utilization ratio of light improve.
The luminescent device of the present invention can penetrate polarized light (rectilinearly polarized light).In the past, rectilinearly polarized light was by using partially Polarization filter (also referred to as " polaroid ") absorbs orthogonal two linear polarization constituting the not polarized light penetrated by light source One in light makes.Therefore, the utilization ratio of light is less than 50%.If using the luminescent device of the present invention as polarization Light source, then owing to need not use Polarization filter, therefore, it is possible to improve the utilization ratio of light.Polarized illumination is such as cupboard Window, the glass pane etc. in prospect dining room want to drop the situation of low light reflectivity.It addition, for make use of the reflection characteristic of skin surface to depend on Rely the cosmetic illumination of washing one's face and rinsing one's mouth in this understanding of polarized light, and then be used for making to become easy by endoscopic observation pathological changes portion.
[11-3. projector light source]
In various optical devices, need to guide the light from light source efficiently the direction of regulation.To this end, as above institute State, the most in most cases use lens, prism or reflecting plate.Such as, in projector, in order to by the light directing from light source Display floater, it is known to use the composition (such as Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2010-156929 publication) of photoconduction.By sending out the present invention Optical device is used for light source, it is possible to omit photoconduction.
Polarized light source can be used for the light source of liquid crystal projection apparatus.In the situation that the light source as liquid crystal projection apparatus uses Under, it is possible to the wavelength selectivity combination with above-mentioned, it is configured to penetrate the light source of trichromatic polarized light.Such as, will penetrate red The luminescent device of the rectilinearly polarized light of color, the luminescent device penetrating green rectilinearly polarized light and the rectilinearly polarized light that injection is blue Luminescent device couple together formation disk, this disk is irradiated exciting light, while make disc rotary, it is possible to realization Light source with time series injection this trichromatic polarized light of red, green, blue.Such disk is referred to as fluorophor wheel.
So, the luminescent device of the present invention also is able to the fluorophor wheel used in projector.For example, it is possible to utilize The luminescent device of the present invention replaces Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2012-8177 publication or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-191003 publication institute public Fluorophor in the fluorophor wheel opened.As an example, it is possible to use generally perpendicularly penetrate redness with photoluminescent layers The luminescent device of light and generally perpendicularly penetrate the luminescent device of light of green with photoluminescent layers to replace Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Red-emitting phosphors layer in composition disclosed in 2014-191003 publication and green phosphor layer.
Figure 55 is that an example of such light-emitting device is simplified the figure represented.This light-emitting device 500 possesses exciting light Source 310, the luminescent device 320 of colyliform and rotating mechanism 510.Light-emitting device 500 can also comprise diffuser plate, thoroughly in addition The elements such as mirror, mirror, control circuit, but omit the explanation of these elements.
Luminescent device 320 is discoideus (or donut-like), and central part links with rotating mechanism 510.It is configured such that Exciting light from excitation source 310 injects the periphery of luminescent device 320.Rotating mechanism 510 comprises for making luminescent device 320 with its center for axle at a direction or the motor of bidirectional rotary.Rotating mechanism 510 such as rotated angle once with 1/60 second Speed makes luminescent device 320 rotate.
Figure 56 is the figure representing the composition from the situation axially seeing luminescent device 320.Luminescent device 320 has makes redness The light of wavelength band domain to the region 320R penetrated with photoluminescent layers generally perpendicular direction, the wavelength band domain making green light to Region 320G and transparent region 320T with the injection of photoluminescent layers generally perpendicular direction.At the ripple that exciting light is for example, blue In the case of the light of long band domain, blue light is penetrated by transparent region 320T.
Rotating mechanism 510 makes luminescent device 320 rotate on one side, and excitation source 310 penetrates exciting light, it is possible to Time series injection this trichromatic light of red, green, blue.By such composition, such as with rotating mechanism 510 and excitation source 310 control circuits connected, while making the motor of rotating mechanism 510 rotate, adjust the output of excitation source 310, thus can Enough make the color change of the light penetrated by projector.
[11-4. Narrow-Band Imaging]
The luminescent device of the present invention can only strengthen the light of specific wavelength.Therefore, it is possible to it is required easily to realize only injection The light source of wavelength.It addition, do not change the material of photoluminescent layers, only change periodic structure, it becomes possible to the light emitted by change Wavelength.And then, by the angle relative to periodic structure, it is also possible to the light of injection different wave length.Such wavelength selectivity Such as may be used for Narrow-Band Imaging (narrow band imaging:NBI；Registered trade mark) this technology.Narrow-Band Imaging is to pass through Mucosa is irradiated the light of the wavelength of blue and green the two narrow-band-domain, observes blood capillary and the skill of fine pattern of mucosal surface Art.Pass through Narrow-Band Imaging, it is possible to make to become easy by endoscopic observation pathological changes portion.
[11-5. visible light communication]
The luminescent device of the present invention also is able to for visible light communication.Visible light communication is the intensity by modulating illumination light Transmit the technology of signal.Such signal from illuminator is by possessing photodiode or general imageing sensor Receptor receive.Thereby, it is possible to from illuminator to receiving device transmission information.Visible light communication is such as by Japanese Patent No. No. 5179260 publications or Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2014-135716 publication etc. are open.In visible light communication system, generally use luminescence Diode (LED) is as light source.The luminescent device that can utilize the present invention replaces LED.
Figure 57 is the figure of the example representing such visible light communication system.This visible light communication system 600 possesses Illuminator 610 and reception device 620.Illuminator 610 possesses modulation circuit 612, excitation source 310 and luminescent device 320. Modulation circuit 612 is according to being transferred to receive the signal of device 620, the exciting light penetrated with high frequency modulation by excitation source 310 Intensity.Thus, luminescent device 320 intensity of the light penetrated is modulated also according to signal.By being possessed with reception device 620 Imageing sensor etc. detect the change of this light intensity, it is possible to receive signal.
In such a system, by making luminescent device possess directivity, it is possible to make light effectively arrive sensitive device.
[11-6. transparent display]
The luminescent device of the present invention is schematically shown in Figure 58, it is also possible to the screen 100S as transparent display comes Use.
Screen 100S is such as by strengthening the luminescent device of red light (R), the luminescent device strengthening green light (G) and enhancing The pixel that the luminescent device of blue light (B) is constituted is with rectangular arrangement.These luminescent devices are only being irradiated by excitation source 180S1 The light of regulation color is sent, it is possible to display image during corresponding exciting light (such as ultraviolet).Each luminescent device can owing to passing through Seeing light, therefore observer can observe background across screen 100S.When screen 100S not being irradiated exciting light, it appears that just as Transparent window.As excitation source 180S1, use laser diode to coordinate view data, change output and scan, by This can carry out high-resolution display.Further, since laser is coherent light, therefore by making it do with periodic structure Relate to, it is also possible to improve launching efficiency.Additionally, when the light of the undesirable wavelength such as use ultraviolet is as exciting light, by inciting somebody to action Excitation source be arranged on screen 100S with observer's opposite side, and cut-off exciting light is set in the observer side of screen 100S Wave filter, it is possible to prevent unwanted light from revealing.
Screen 100S can have high directivity, and the people that the most such as can be configured to only observe from prescribed direction can see Observe image.
Excitation source 180S2 can also be used to replace excitation source 180S1.Now, at the back side of screen 100S (i.e., With observer side opposite side) configuration light guide sheet S, excitation source 180S2 light guide sheet S is irradiated exciting light.Inject light guide sheet S Exciting light while in light guide sheet S propagate, from back side illuminaton screen 100S.Now, if coordinating the figure wanting display As part configures luminescent device, then can be configured to following display device: although arbitrary image can not be shown on one's own initiative, but In the case of not irradiating exciting light, transparent as window, only when irradiating exciting light, display image or figure, word etc..
[11-7. sensor]
In the luminescent device of the present invention, if referring for example to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 as it has been described above, the refractive index of periodic structure becomes Change, then the wavelength change of the light strengthened, the exit direction of the light strengthened also changes.According to the refractive index of photoluminescent layers, The wavelength of the light strengthened and exit direction also can change.Therefore, according to wavelength and the outgoing side of the light penetrated by luminescent device At least one in, it is possible to easy and sensitivity detects the variations in refractive index of the medium near luminescent device well.
For instance, it is possible to operate as follows, the luminescent device of the present invention is used to constitute the sensor detecting various materials.
In advance by the material (enzyme etc.) with material (protein or scent molecule, the virus etc.) selective binding measuring object Configure in the way of the periodic structure close to the luminescent device of the present invention.If in conjunction with the material of mensuration object, then luminescent device The variations in refractive index of neighbouring medium.By this refraction of change-detection of the wavelength according to the above-mentioned light being enhanced or exit direction The change of rate, it is possible to detect the existence of various material.
[11-8. semaphore]
The luminescent device of the present invention can penetrate, to specific direction, the light that directivity is high.This high directivity also such as is adapted for using It is only limitted to provide the aobvious of information to vehicular traffic or the personage from specific direction in traffic signaling equipment or public display device etc. Showing device.Such as, in the case of employing the light source that existing directivity is low, owing to the light penetrated by light source is also penetrated to side Going out, therefore semaphore or display device are from side by depending on recognizing, and there is the probability that misidentification occurs.Therefore, particularly once producing Raw misidentification exists in the display device that the semaphore etc. of accident relates to safety, such as Japan registration utility model publication the No. 3014799 disclosed as prevent to side injection curtain-shaped cover member (grid) used.Such as the luminous dress of the present invention Put in the case of employing the light source that the directivity of specific direction is high like that, due to can be efficiently to the traffic in the direction of regulation Vehicle or personage provide information, therefore, it is possible to omit these curtain-shaped cover members.And then, owing to display device can be reduced, therefore can Enough reduction is subject to the power from wind and snow.Therefore, it is possible to simplify the structure supporting the display devices such as semaphore.
Figure 59 is the semaphore 700 of the traffic of the example schematically showing such directivity display device Figure.In diagram, semaphore 700 has three display parts of the light comprising the wavelength band domain penetrating red, yellow, and green (or blue) respectively The light-emitting device 710 of 710r, 710y, 710g and the housing 740 of storage light-emitting device 710.Semaphore 700 is by arms 750 He Bar 760 supports.Semaphore 700 is via cable 720 and the control circuit 732 in the display control unit 730 being fixed on bar 760 Connect.By control circuit 732, the luminescence of display part 710r, 710y, 710g is controlled.
Figure 60 is the schematic diagram of the example constituted in more detail representing semaphore 700.In this example embodiment, semaphore 700 is also The exciting light possessing three excitation sources 180 and self-excitation light source 180 in future is individually directed display part 710r, 710y, 710g Three light guide plates 330.Exciting light injects the photoluminescent layers in display part 710r, 710y, 710g via transparency carrier 140 110r、110y、110g.Photoluminescent layers 110r, 110y, 110g accept exciting light and penetrate respectively and belong to red (R), yellow (Y), green (G) light of wavelength band domain.The surface texture 120r that is respectively formed on the surface of photoluminescent layers 110r, 110y, 110g, The light belonging to the wavelength band domain of red, yellow, and green is injected to the direction specified by 120y, 120g respectively with narrow angle.Control circuit 732 with Three excitation sources 180 connect, and supply the control signal that the on an off to them is controlled.Thereby, it is possible to make display part 710r, 710y, 710g bright light successively, or make the display part 710y light on and off of yellow.
As it has been described above, in this specification, the wavelength band domain of red, green, blue is respectively set as red: 600～750nm, green: 490 ～570nm, indigo plant: 430nm～470nm.The wavelength band domain of yellow be set as red and green between wavelength band domain 570nm～600nm. It is the light of 642nm that display part 710r such as can be designed as penetrating centre wavelength to the direction of regulation.Display part 710y such as can Enough being designed as penetrating centre wavelength to the direction of regulation is the light of 595nm.Display part 710g such as can be designed as to regulation Direction injection centre wavelength is the light of 500nm.
So, display part 710r, 710y, 710g is designed to penetrate as required by traffic displaying apparatus using high directivity The light of red, yellow, and green.By display control unit 730, it is possible to make specific in photoluminescent layers 110r, 110y, 110g Luminous with directivity ground.Thereby, it is possible to realization only can be depending on the advertiser recognized from specific direction.By can be only from certain party To depending on recognizing, it is possible to reduce the probability of driver's misidentification signal.
Additionally, Figure 59, the composition shown in 60 are an example, it is possible to carry out various deformation.Such as, each display part 710r, 710y, 710g are not limited to the structure shown in Figure 60, it is possible to have the structure of other luminescent devices being explained.Separately Outward, it is also possible to excitation source 180 is arranged near control circuit 732, by excitation source 180 via photoconductions such as optical fiber to respectively Display part supply exciting light.And then, if light guide plate 330 need not to omit.
In above-mentioned example, the semaphore 700 of the light sending red, yellow, and green 3 color is illustrated, but such as sending out The pedestrian of the light going out red and green (or blue) this dichromatism also is able to be suitable for same composition with semaphore.
Such traffic displaying apparatus such as can be used for whether can being entered the driving in cross point by graphical representation Support system.Such system is such as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-114557.Above-mentioned by applying in such a system Traffic displaying apparatus, it is possible to increase the identification precision of driver, therefore safety improves.
[11-9. plant factor light source]
The light source that the luminescent device of the present invention can be used as in plant factor utilizes.In plant factor, in order to plant Thing growth promoter healthily, carries out irradiating plant the operation of the light of various wavelength band domain.Such as, based on photosynthetic life Length mainly utilizes the light of 640nm～690nm.The normal morphology of blade formed (germination, bud differentiation, bloom, cotyledon The change of the matter of the plants such as expansion, Chlorophyll synthesis, internode elongation) mainly utilize the light of 420nm～470nm.In plant factor Light source requirements penetrate the light of relatively narrow-band-domain.
In existing plant factor, such as, employ the light sources such as fluorescent lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, LED.These light sources are due to line Width (that is, the scope of wavelength) is wide, so the low such problem of utilization ratio that there is light.By utilizing the high directivity of the present invention Luminescent device replace these light sources, it is possible to increase the utilization ratio of light.
The example of the light source used in plant factor is such as disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2011-97900 publication.Permissible Utilize the luminescent device of the present invention to replace the light source disclosed in the document.
Figure 61 is the figure representing plant factor's light supply apparatus with the composition identical with Figure 12 of above-mentioned document.This light Source apparatus possesses the mounting mounting table 30 of plant, the main light source unit 10 being arranged on the top of plant and multiple secondary light source unit 20.Main light source unit 10 such as can be configured to the light of the red and blue wavelength band domain of injection.Secondary light source unit 20 is such as Can be configured to penetrate the light of the wavelength band domain of near infrared ray, nearultraviolet rays, green or yellow.Wherein, near infrared wavelength Band domain is about 700nm～2500nm, and the wavelength band domain of nearultraviolet rays is about 200nm～380nm.Appointing in the application of the invention Meaning luminescent device constitutes main light source unit 10 and secondary light source unit 20, it is possible to plant efficient is irradiated light.Additionally, this Bright luminescent device is not limited to the example shown in Figure 61, it is possible to use in arbitrary plant factor light source.The luminescence used The quantity of device, configuration and emission wavelength can also arbitrarily determine.
[treatment of 11-10. Ray mechanics]
The high directivity of the luminescent device of the present invention is for utilizing light to treat the disease (focus of such as cancer) of skin Ray mechanics treatment is also useful.Such as, the treatment of the dermatosis of near surface uses the light near 400nm.Separately Outward, the treatment of the dermatosis in deep uses the light near 600nm.When carrying out the treatment of such Ray mechanics, in the past Taken out specific light by lamp source with wave filter to be used, therefore cause the loss of light.On the other hand, if by the present invention's The luminescent device that directivity is high is used for light source, then can improve the utilization ratio of light.The luminescent device of the present invention is except can be in order to Beyond the treatment of Ray mechanics, it is also possible to be used in make to use up and carry out the improvement of Cuo, the improvement of skin rubefaction, the rush of hair The purposes such as enter.
[11-11. range sensor]
The luminescent device of the present invention also is able to be applicable to range sensor.Range sensor for by light source penetrate pulsed light, Detect the pulsed light come from object reflection the sensing according to the phase difference detection of these pulsed lights to the distance of object Device.Range sensor such as can be used in range image sensor or the detection bat generating the overall range image of coverage The action sensor of the work of the main subject in the range of taking the photograph.In such range sensor, mainly employ LED Light source.The luminescent device of high directivity of the present invention can be used to replace LED light source.
Figure 62 is the schematic diagram of the configuration example of the range sensor representing the luminescent device using the present invention.This Distance-sensing Utensil preparation electro-optical device 800, imageing sensor 810 and control their control circuit 820.
Figure 63 A is the figure of the schematic configuration representing light-emitting device 800.Light-emitting device 800 has to possess and has been carried out The luminescent device 840 of bright any structure and excitation source 830.Luminescent device 840 possesses with narrow angle injection near infrared ray Or the surface texture of visible ray.Light-emitting device 800 drives excitation source 830 according to the control signal from control circuit 820, penetrates Go out the pulsed light of near infrared ray or visible ray.Imageing sensor 810 has multiple optical detecting unit, and detection is by light-emitting device 800 Injection the pulsed light from object reflection.Control circuit 820 can be such as the integrated of microcontroller (microcomputer) etc. Circuit.Control circuit 820 can also be the combination of the image processing circuits such as the processors such as CPU and digital signal processor (DSP). When control circuit 820 controls the luminous moment of light-emitting device 800 and the accumulation of the signal charge of imageing sensor 810 and reads Carve.Control circuit 820 and then according to detected by the phase place of the pulsed light emitted by light-emitting device 800 and imageing sensor 810 The difference of phase place of pulsed light, measure the distance away from object.
Figure 63 B is the figure being produced pulsed light for explanation by control circuit 820.Control circuit 820 is to excitation source 830 Input the driving signal as pulse signal.Excitation source 830 is to driving signal to respond, and change with making strength pulse swashs Luminescent device 840 is injected in luminescence.Correspondingly, luminescent device 840 intensity is penetrated with the light changed with exciting light same period (referred to as pulsed light).Emitted pulsed light is reflected by object, injects imageing sensor 810.Imageing sensor 810 is by many Individual optical detecting unit, detects this reflection light, to each optical detecting unit (also referred to as pixel) output corresponding to the light that accepted The signal of telecommunication of intensity (also referred to as light income).This electric signal is referred to as by optical signal.
Figure 63 C is to represent scheming of the example driving signal and the time by optical signal to change.Control circuit 820 is to often Individual pixel, based on driving signal and by Δ t time delay between optical signal, measures distance L away from object.Distance L according to Following formula calculates.
L=light velocity c × time delay Δ t/2
Each pixel can be obtained distance L by control circuit 820, generates the different image of brightness as distance according to its value Image.Range sensor in this example use can the imageing sensor 810 of high-speed camera, fully improve the frequency of pulsed light Rate, thus can be used as action sensor and utilizes.
In above-mentioned example, excitation source 830 is driven to produce pulsed light by control circuit 820 but it also may to make Use additive method.Such as, as shown in Figure 64 A, it is also possible to the light exit side at luminescent device 840 configures optical shutter 850, passes through Control circuit 820 controls the light transmittance of optical shutter 850 to produce pulsed light.Optical shutter 850 such as comprise liquid crystal layer and its The electrode layer of both sides, it is possible to drive signal to switch by applying and make the state (referred to as light transmission state) of light transmission and light is carried out The state (referred to as shading status) covered.As shown in Figure 64 B, the control circuit 820 driving to optical shutter 850 input pulse shape Signal, switches light transmission state and shading status corresponding thereto.Thus, optical shutter 850 pulsed light is penetrated.
As shown in Figure 64 C, it is also possible between luminescent device 840 and optical shutter 850 and the light of optical shutter 850 goes out Penetrate side and lens 860a, 860b are set.Fast by being configured optics at the light carrying out selfluminous element 840 by the position of lens 860a imaging Door 850, it is possible to make optical shutter 850 miniaturization, it is possible to switching light transmission state and shading status more at high speed.Such small-sized Shutter such as can pass through MEMS (microelectromechanical systems；Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) realize. The luminescent device of the application of the invention, it is possible near infrared ray or the visible ray of specific wavelength are penetrated to frontal, by it The near infrared ray of the wavelength of periphery penetrates to its peripheral direction.The light of these wavelength band domain, energy is accepted by imageing sensor 810 Enough distances measured away from object.
The application examples of the luminescent device of the present invention is not limited to foregoing, it is possible to be applicable to various optical device.
The disclosure of whole patent documentations cited in described above is quoted to the description of the present application by entirety.
Industrial applicability
The luminescent device of the present invention and light-emitting device can be applicable to ligthing paraphernalia, display, projector as representative Various optical devices.

Claims (36)

1. a display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from the luminescence in the light path of the exciting light of described excitation source Device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of described luminescent device,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with described photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of at least one in described photoluminescent layers and described photic zone,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
Display device the most according to claim 1, wherein, described photoluminescent layers contacts with each other with described photic zone.
3. a display device, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from the luminescence in the light path of the exciting light of described excitation source Device and be positioned at from the optical shutter in the light path of the light of described luminescent device,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is arranged on the surface of described photoluminescent layers,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
Display device the most according to claim 1, wherein, when by two protuberances or adjacent adjacent in described surface texture The distance between centers of two recesses be set as Dint, the refractive index of described first light is set as by described photoluminescent layers nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
Display device the most according to claim 1, wherein, the light from described luminescent device in described optical shutter Light incident side or described light exit side, be also equipped with the color filter array of the multiple color filters including that transmission peak wavelength band domain is different.
Display device the most according to claim 1, it is also equipped with making to travel to described light from the light of described luminescent device Learn the light guide plate of shutter.
Display device the most according to claim 1, it is also equipped with making the described exciting light from described excitation source propagate Light guide plate to described photoluminescent layers.
Display device the most according to claim 1, it is also equipped with being driven described optical shutter according to picture signal Drive circuit.
Display device the most according to claim 8, wherein, the light from described luminescent device at described optical shutter goes out Penetrate side and be also equipped with touch screen.
10., according to the display device according to any one of claim 1～9, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one week Phase structure, at least one periodic structure described comprises and works as cycle set is pa, by described photoluminescent layers to described first light Refractive index be set as nwav-aShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaThe period 1 structure of relation.
11. display devices according to claim 10, wherein, the light that described photoluminescent layers is sent includes in air Wavelength is and λaDifferent λbThe second light,
Described photoluminescent layers is being set as n to the refractive index of described second lightwav-bIn the case of, at least one cycle described Structure also comprises and works as cycle set is pbShi Chengli λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbStructure second round of relation,
Described wavelength XaBelong to red wavelength band domain,
Described wavelength XbBelong to green wavelength band domain.
12. display devices according to claim 11, wherein, by described photoluminescent layers to the wavelength in air be with λaAnd λbDifferent λcThe refractive index of the 3rd light be set as nwav-cIn the case of, at least one periodic structure described also comprises and works as It is p by cycle setcShi Chengli λc/nwav-c＜ pc＜ λcThe period 3 structure of relation,
Described wavelength XcBelong to blue wavelength band domain.
13. display devices according to claim 11, wherein, described excitation source sends the wavelength band domain of blueness Light.
14. 1 kinds of light-emitting devices, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from the luminescence in the light path of the exciting light of described excitation source Device and by import from the light of described luminescent device and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with described photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of at least one in described photoluminescent layers and described photic zone,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
15. 1 kinds of light-emitting devices, it possesses excitation source, to import from the exciting light of described excitation source and to penetrate to outside The light guide plate that configures of mode and the luminescent device that is positioned in the light path of the described exciting light penetrated by described light guide plate,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；
Photic zone, this photic zone configures in the way of close with described photoluminescent layers；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of at least one in described photoluminescent layers and described photic zone,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
16. light-emitting devices according to claim 14, wherein, described photoluminescent layers contacts with each other with described photic zone.
17. 1 kinds of light-emitting devices, it possesses excitation source, is positioned at from the luminescence in the light path of the exciting light of described excitation source Device and by import from the light of described luminescent device and in the way of the injection of outside the light guide plate that configures,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of described photoluminescent layers,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
18. 1 kinds of light-emitting devices, it possesses excitation source, to import from the exciting light of described excitation source and to penetrate to outside The light guide plate that configures of mode and the luminescent device that is positioned in the light path of the described exciting light penetrated by described light guide plate,
Wherein, described luminescent device has:
Photoluminescent layers, this photoluminescent layers accepts described exciting light and sends the wavelength that includes in air is λaThe first light exist Interior light；And
Surface texture, this surface texture is formed on the surface of described photoluminescent layers,
Described surface texture comprises at least one in multiple protuberance and multiple recess, is λ to the wavelength in airaDescribed The sensing angle of one light limits.
19. light-emitting devices according to claim 14, wherein, when by two protuberances adjacent in described surface texture or phase The distance between centers of two adjacent recesses is set as Dint, the refractive index of described first light is set as by described photoluminescent layers nwav-aTime, set up λa/nwav-a＜ Dint＜ λaRelation.
20. light-emitting devices according to claim 14, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, institute State at least one periodic structure comprising ought be p by cycle seta, the refractive index of described first light is set by described photoluminescent layers It is set to nwav-aShi Chengli λa/nwav-a＜ pa＜ λaThe period 1 structure of relation.
21. light-emitting devices according to claim 20, wherein, the light that described photoluminescent layers is sent includes in air Wavelength is and λaDifferent λbThe second light,
Described photoluminescent layers is being set as n to the refractive index of described second lightwav-bIn the case of, at least one cycle described Structure also comprises and works as cycle set is pbShi Chengli λb/nwav-b＜ pb＜ λbStructure second round of relation,
Described wavelength XaBelong to red wavelength band domain,
Described wavelength XbBelong to green wavelength band domain.
22. light-emitting devices according to claim 21, wherein, by described photoluminescent layers to the wavelength in air be with λaAnd λbDifferent λcThe refractive index of the 3rd light be set as nwav-cIn the case of, at least one periodic structure described also comprises and works as It is p by cycle setcShi Chengli λc/nwav-c＜ pc＜ λcThe period 3 structure of relation,
Described wavelength XcBelong to the blue or wavelength band domain of yellow.
23. light-emitting devices according to claim 21, wherein, described excitation source sends the light of the wavelength band domain of blueness.
24. 1 kinds of semaphores, it possesses light-emitting device described in claim 22 and receives the housing of described light-emitting device,
Wherein, described wavelength XcBelong to the wavelength band domain of yellow.
25. display devices according to claim 1, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, described The cycle of at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
26. display devices according to claim 3, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, described The cycle of at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
27. light-emitting devices according to claim 14, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, institute The cycle stating at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
28. light-emitting devices according to claim 15, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, institute The cycle stating at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
29. light-emitting devices according to claim 17, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, institute The cycle stating at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
30. light-emitting devices according to claim 18, wherein, described surface texture comprises at least one periodic structure, institute The cycle stating at least one periodic structure is identical with the cycle of the maximum of the electric field amplitude within described photoluminescent layers.
31. display devices according to claim 1, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
32. display devices according to claim 3, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
33. light-emitting devices according to claim 14, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
34. light-emitting devices according to claim 15, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
35. light-emitting devices according to claim 17, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
36. light-emitting devices according to claim 18, wherein, in described photoluminescent layers has and makes described photoluminescent layers Produce the thickness of simulation guided wave mode.
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