CN105959050B - A kind of quaternary difference modulating method - Google Patents
A kind of quaternary difference modulating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105959050B CN105959050B CN201610404860.0A CN201610404860A CN105959050B CN 105959050 B CN105959050 B CN 105959050B CN 201610404860 A CN201610404860 A CN 201610404860A CN 105959050 B CN105959050 B CN 105959050B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0602—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching
- H04B7/0604—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using antenna switching with predefined switching scheme
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0802—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using antenna selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of quaternary difference modulating methods for belonging to antenna transmission technique field.In the difference spatial modulation system of four transmitting antennas, in the case where quaternary antenna, transmitting antenna number is 4.In transmitting terminal, four antennas are grouped two-by-two, in conjunction with differential encoding, activate antenna, each moment be all in one group of two transmitting antennas an only antenna be activated, worked at the same time in two transmitting antennas that synchronization is activated；Receiving end combines difference direct Detection Method to demodulate and give bit error rate performance curve.In communication process, demodulation can be completed in the case where not knowing channel state information, can save transmission channel parameter to the occupancy of resource, this is difference direct Detection Method biggest advantage, reduces cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna transmission technique field, in particular to a kind of quaternary difference modulating method.
Background technique
R.Mesleh and H.Haas et al. propose spatial modulation (SM) at first, and basic thought is: in any send
Gap, only an antenna are active to transmit data, remaining antenna does not emit signal, send information by signal domain and
Spatial domain is transmitted simultaneously, and a part sends information bit and is mapped to the antenna that spatial domain is used to select to need to activate, remaining information
The modulation intelligence that bit map is used to that actual needs is selected to send.
Spatial modulation is as a kind of novel multi-antenna transmission concept, compared to other multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) skills
Art, the feature having include: 1) each sending time slots only activate an antenna, 2) spatial position of transmission antenna is as transmission letter
A part of breath, these features make spatial modulation completely avoid asking for interchannel interference (ICI) (IAS) synchronous between antenna
Topic, and single antenna detection reduces complexity.Spatial modulation effectively raises the spectrum efficiency and transmission performance of system, is
One very potential novel multi-antenna technology is the contenders of 5G mobile communication system wireless transmission key technology.
The concept of difference successfully realizes have researcher to propose differential applications in spatial modulation successively in MIMO.
Space-modulation technique is to indicate information using transmitting terminal antenna serial number, judges what antenna serial number indicated by calculating in receiving end
Information realizes information transmission.The status information that antenna serial number needs channel is solved, when channel state information is unknown, demodulates nothing
Method is completed.The transmission of channel state information needs busy channel resource, when channel status change is slower than symbol transmission rate,
Channel parameter update is unhappy, is suitable for practical application.But in the scene of high-speed mobile, when channel change is rapid, receiving end to
Channel parameter will be constantly updated by obtaining accurate channel state information, to increase cost.
Difference spatial modulation can complete demodulation in the case where channel state information is unknown, be suitble to high-speed mobile scene.This
Patent combination differential encoding thought indicates quaternary symbol with the jump situation of antenna sets under four antenna cases of transmitting terminal
Sequence, receiving end determine the sequence of symhols of activation transmission antenna jump by the difference of the adjacent two receptions signal in front and back,
It only needs to obtain initial time channel transfer matrices, demodulation can be completed in the case where channel state information is unknown later, improve
The performance of the anti-channel parameter variation of spatial modulation system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of quaternary difference modulating methods, which is characterized in that four transmitting antennas
Difference spatial modulation system in, difference spatial modulation includes:
(1) in transmitting terminal, four antennas are grouped two-by-two, No. A is one group, No. a and No. b transmitting day with B transmitting antenna
Line is another set；
(2) antenna is activated, each moment activates two antennas simultaneously, and each moment is all in one group of two transmitting antennas
Only an antenna is activated, and works at the same time in two transmitting antennas that synchronization is activated；
(3) using the selection of differential encoding design antenna, when four transmitting antennas, only there are four types of antenna combination modes；Together
The antenna combination of one moment work are as follows: (A, a), (A, b), (B, a), (B, b) respectively corresponds T4State, T3State, T2State and
T1State；
(4) antenna combination mode determine after, it is specified that:
When the quaternary symbol of input is 00, current time activation antenna combination does not change, that is, keeps with last moment
The antenna assembled state that works is identical；
When the quaternary symbol of input is 01, if the antenna combination of last moment activation is T1State, then current time
The combination of activation antenna jumps to T2State or the antenna combination of last moment activation are T2When state, then current time is activated
Antenna combination jumps to T1State；Similarly, when the quaternary symbol of input is 01, T3And T4Jump rule between state with
T1And T2Jump rule between state is identical；
When the quaternary symbol of input is 10, the antenna combination of activation is by T1To T3It is mutually jumped between state, Huo Zheyou
T2To T4It is mutually jumped between state；
When the quaternary symbol of input is 11, the antenna combination of activation is in T1And T4State, T2And T3It is jumped between state
Become；
The difference spatial modulation of the above-mentioned quaternary is to indicate symbol with the different jumps of front and back adjacent moment antenna combination
Sequence 00,01,10 or 11；
(5) after obtaining adjacent two receptions signal difference, when receiving end demodulates, solution can be completed by following processing
It adjusts,
Step 1: when start-up operation, measuring a channel transfer matrices P, and it is corresponding to make quaternary code metasequence respectively
Front and back adjacent moment receiving end signal difference；The signal that the receiving end k moment receives is yk, the signal that transmitting terminal issues is xk, utilize
Channel transfer matrices P then knows by channel transfer matrices P, the reception signal amplitude of previous moment are as follows:
yk=P × xk
The reception amplitude at current time are as follows:
yk+1=P × xk+1
The then signal amplitude difference at two adjacent moment of front and back are as follows:
yk+1-yk=P × (xk+1-xk)
Step 2: symbol demodulation, receiving end receive after signal according toWithInto
Row demodulation, wherein Q () is constellation quantization function, i.e. power function, according to modulation methods such as BPSK (binary phase shift keyings)
The intrinsic planisphere of formula directly reflects the symbol demodulation for shooting away into the modulation systems such as BPSK, does not influence the demodulation of symbol to antenna
Number judgement；Y (k) and y (k+1) are k moment and the signal that k+1 reception end receives,WithWhen respectively corresponding k
The demodulation symbol demodulated with the k+1 moment is carved, is penetrated after obtaining demodulation symbol according to planisphere reflection intrinsic under the modulation system
Obtain binary sequence；
Step 3: calculating E=y (k+1)-y (k) and e=EHThe value of × E, wherein EHIt, will for the associate matrix of matrix E
The value for the e being calculated is compared with the difference made in step 1 respectively, when being equal to it, the corresponding input code of the difference
Metasequence 00,01,10 or 11 completes demodulation.
Present invention has the advantages that the case where being directed to four antennas of transmitting terminal proposes a kind of new difference space modulation methods
Case activates antenna in the thought of transmitting terminal combination differential encoding, and receiving end combines the thought of difference, proposes difference direct Detection Method
It demodulates and gives bit error rate performance curve.In communication process, demodulation can be completed in the case where not knowing channel state information,
Transmission channel parameter can be saved to the occupancy of resource, this is difference direct Detection Method biggest advantage, reduces cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the working condition of transmitting antenna shifts figure.
Fig. 2 is spatial modulation (SM) and difference spatial modulation (DSM) bit error rate comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of quaternary difference modulating method, is explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The working condition of transmitting antenna shown in Fig. 1 shifts figure.In the difference spatial modulation system of four transmitting antennas,
In the case where quaternary antenna, transmitting antenna number is 4.The method of transmitting terminal design alternative antenna is as follows,
In transmitting terminal, four antennas are grouped two-by-two, No. A is one group, No. a with B transmitting antenna and b transmitting antenna is
Another set；The working condition transfer figure that transmitting antenna is shown in particular in figure, activates day when inputting different quaternary symbols
The jump situation of line combination, soft dot indicate that transmitting antenna does not work, and black circle indicates that the transmitting antenna is activated, specifically
Include:
Activate antenna, each moment activates two antennas simultaneously, each moment be all in one group of two transmitting antennas only
There is an antenna to be activated, is worked at the same time in two transmitting antennas that synchronization is activated；
Using the selection of differential encoding design antenna, when four transmitting antennas, only there are four types of antenna combination modes；With for the moment
Carve the antenna combination of work are as follows: (A, a), (A, b), (B, a), (B, b) corresponds respectively to the T in Fig. 14State, T3State, T2Shape
State and T1State；
The difference spatial modulation of the quaternary is to indicate sequence of symhols with the different jumps of front and back adjacent moment antenna combination
00,01,10 or 11.
After antenna coding method determines, signal domain transmits signal compared with traditional spatial modulation, and unique difference is exactly
Difference spatial modulation is carved with two antennas and works at the same time when each.Difference direct detecting method is used when the present invention demodulates.In order to
Illustrate demodulating process, does not first consider interchannel noise, if channel transfer matrices are P:
Wherein, matrix element h11To hNrNtIt is NtRoot transmitting antenna and NrChannel parameter between root receiving antenna, is write as vector
Form:
(2) in formulaWhereinIt is
Transposition.
The signal that the receiving end k moment receives is yk, the signal that transmitting terminal issues is xk, using channel transfer matrices P, then by
Formula (1) it is found that previous moment reception signal amplitude are as follows:
yk=P × xk (3)
The reception amplitude at current time are as follows:
yk+1=P × xk+1 (4)
The then signal amplitude difference at two adjacent moment of front and back are as follows:
yk+1-yk=P × (xk+1-xk) (5)
It can be obtained by formula (5), in receiving end, if the channel matrix front and back moment does not change, what current time received
The difference for the signal amplitude that signal amplitude and previous moment receive only has caused by the change for sending information, therefore, can be accurate
Demodulate spatial modulation information.If channel is slow fading, channel matrix variation is smaller, can ignore the small wave of channel parameter
Dynamic, the channel matrix parameter for being approximately considered the front and back moment is approximately equal, at this point it is possible to think that the variation of reception amplitude is by sending
Caused by the variation of information, therefore, spatial modulation information can be accurately demodulated.
In difference spatial modulation system, for selecting quaternary code metasequence two moment activation adjacent with the front and back day of antenna
Relationship between line group hopping situation is as shown in table 1 below.
1 symbol of table and antenna group hopping
Each quaternary code metasequence respectively corresponds four kinds of jump situations, convolution (2) and formula (5), can obtain table 2.
2 symbol of table and receiving end signal are poor
Therefore, when receiving end demodulates, after obtaining adjacent two receptions signal difference, solution can be completed by following processing
It adjusts.
Step 1: when start-up operation, measuring a channel transfer matrices, calculate separately out quaternary code metasequence pair according to table 2
The front and back adjacent moment receiving end signal difference answered.
Step 2: symbol demodulation, receiving end receive after signal according toWithInto
Row demodulation, wherein Q () is constellation quantization function, i.e. power function, according to modulation methods such as BPSK (binary phase shift keyings)
The intrinsic planisphere of formula directly reflects the symbol demodulation for shooting away into the modulation systems such as BPSK, does not influence the demodulation of symbol to antenna
Number judgement；Y (k) and y (k+1) are k moment and the signal that k+1 reception end receives,WithWhen respectively corresponding k
The demodulation symbol demodulated with the k+1 moment is carved, is penetrated after obtaining demodulation symbol according to planisphere reflection intrinsic under the modulation system
Obtain binary sequence.
Step 3: calculating E=y (k+1)-y (k) and e=EHThe value of × E, wherein EHIt, will for the associate matrix of matrix E
The value for the e being calculated is compared with the difference obtained in step 1 respectively, and the difference is corresponding as in table 2 when being equal to it
Input symbols sequence, complete demodulation.
In transmitting terminal antenna number Nt=4, receiving end antenna number NrWhen=4, difference spatial modulation under BPSK modulation system is made
Model prediction as a result, (SM is to activate an antenna constantly each, and maximum merges than demodulation as shown in Figure 2；When DSM is each
Carve while activating two antennas, the demodulation of difference direct Detection Method；Symbol-modulated is BPSK modulation).
As seen from Figure 2, although the difference direct Detection Method of difference spatial modulation merges ratio than the maximum of spatial modulation
Demodulation performance is slightly worse, but the bit error rate can rapid decrease under the conditions of high s/n ratio.Since difference spatial modulation only needs to know just
The channel transfer matrices at moment beginning, the present invention provides a kind of new method for the higher occasion of channel quality, so that receiving end exists
Do not have to complete to demodulate when channel state information, improves the performance of the anti-channel parameter variation of spatial modulation system.
Receiving end judges antenna group hopping situation according to the signal difference that the front and back two neighboring moment receives, and then recovers
Activate the quaternary code metasequence of antenna.Only initial time needs channel transfer matrices to difference modulating method, later can be
Demodulation is completed in the case that channel state information is unknown, this is also difference direct Detection Method biggest advantage.
Quaternary difference spatial modulation does not need to survey in a long time after transmitting a channel parameter at the beginning of communication
The status information for measuring channel still is able to realize information transmission.Receiving end according to the signal difference that the front and back two neighboring moment receives come
Judge antenna group hopping, then recovers the quaternary sequence of activation antenna.In communication process, it can believe not knowing channel status
Demodulation is completed in the case where breath, can save transmission channel parameter to the occupancy of resource, this is that difference direct Detection Method is maximum excellent
Point reduces cost.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of quaternary difference modulating method, which is characterized in that in the difference spatial modulation system of four transmitting antennas,
Difference spatial modulation includes:
(1) in transmitting terminal, four antennas are grouped two-by-two, No. A is one group, No. a with B transmitting antenna and b transmitting antenna is
Another set；
(2) activate antenna, each moment activates two antennas simultaneously, each moment be all in one group of two transmitting antennas only
A piece antenna is activated, and works at the same time in two transmitting antennas that synchronization is activated；
(3) using the selection of differential encoding design antenna, when four transmitting antennas, only there are four types of antenna combination modes；With for the moment
Carve the antenna combination of work are as follows: (A, a), (A, b), (B, a), (B, b) respectively corresponds T4State, T3State, T2State and T1Shape
State；
(4) antenna combination mode determine after, it is specified that:
When inputting quaternary symbol is 00, current time activation antenna combination does not change, that is, keeps with working day last moment
Line assembled state is identical；
When inputting quaternary symbol is 01, if the antenna combination of last moment activation is T1State, then current time activates antenna
Combination jump to T2State or the antenna combination of last moment activation are T2When state, then current time activates antenna combination
Jump to T1State；Similarly, when inputting quaternary symbol is 01, T3And T4Jump rule and T between state1And T2State it
Between jump rule it is identical；
When inputting quaternary symbol is 10, the antenna combination of activation is by T1To T3It is mutually jumped between state, or by T2To T4
It is mutually jumped between state；
When inputting quaternary symbol is 11, the antenna combination of activation is in T1And T4State, T2And T3It is jumped between state；
The difference spatial modulation of the above-mentioned quaternary is to indicate sequence of symhols with the different jumps of front and back adjacent moment antenna combination
00,01,10 or 11；
(5) after obtaining adjacent two receptions signal difference, when receiving end demodulates, a channel transfer matrices P is measured, and respectively
The corresponding front and back adjacent moment receiving end signal difference of quaternary code metasequence is calculated, difference is compared, difference is obtained
Corresponding input symbols sequence 00,01,10 or 11, completes demodulation.
2. a kind of quaternary difference modulating method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step (5) is connecing
Receiving end completes demodulation, specific to make following processing:
Step 1: when start-up operation, measure a channel transfer matrices P, and calculate separately out quaternary code metasequence it is corresponding before
Adjacent moment receiving end signal difference afterwards；The signal that the receiving end k moment receives is yk, the signal that transmitting terminal issues is xk, utilize letter
Road transmission matrix P, then by channel transfer matrices P, it is known that, the reception signal amplitude of previous moment are as follows:
yk=P × xk
The reception amplitude at current time are as follows:
yk+1=P × xk+1
The then signal amplitude difference at two adjacent moment of front and back are as follows:
yk+1-yk=P × (xk+1-xk)
Step 2: symbol demodulation, receiving end receive after signal according toWithIt is solved
It adjusts, wherein Q () is constellation quantization function, i.e. power function, and the planisphere intrinsic according to BPSK modulation system directly reflects
The symbol demodulation for shooting away into BPSK modulation system does not influence the judgement to day wire size to the demodulation of symbol；Y (k) and y (k+1) point
It is not k moment and the signal that k+1 reception end receives,WithIt respectively corresponds the k moment and the k+1 moment demodulates to obtain
Demodulation symbol, obtain penetrating to obtain binary sequence according to planisphere reflection intrinsic under the modulation system after demodulation symbol；Wherein,
BPSK is binary phase shift keying；
Step 3: calculating E=y (k+1)-y (k) and e=EHThe value of × E, wherein EHFor the associate matrix of matrix E, will calculate
The value of obtained e is compared with the difference obtained in step 1 respectively, and when being equal to it, which corresponds to input symbols sequence
00,01,10 or 11, complete demodulation.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104092518A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-10-08 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Indoor visible light MIMO transmission scheme integrating spatial modulation and space multiplexing technology |
| CN104868944A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 西安交通大学 | Adaptive generalized spatial modulation (AGSM) method and simplified method thereof |
| CN104935370A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 临沂大学 | Space-time joint modulation transmission scheme for MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104092518A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-10-08 | 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 | Indoor visible light MIMO transmission scheme integrating spatial modulation and space multiplexing technology |
| CN104868944A (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2015-08-26 | 西安交通大学 | Adaptive generalized spatial modulation (AGSM) method and simplified method thereof |
| CN104935370A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 临沂大学 | Space-time joint modulation transmission scheme for MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) communication system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Generalised Spatial Modulation with Multiple Active Transmit Antennas;Jinlin Fu等;《IEEE》;20101231;第839-844页 |
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