CN105958070A - Preparation method for artificial graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method for artificial graphite negative electrode material for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN105958070A CN105958070A CN201610387117.9A CN201610387117A CN105958070A CN 105958070 A CN105958070 A CN 105958070A CN 201610387117 A CN201610387117 A CN 201610387117A CN 105958070 A CN105958070 A CN 105958070A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Disclosed is a preparation method for an artificial graphite negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery. Artificial graphite coke powder with small grain diameter and an organic carbon source are taken as the raw materials; the raw materials are subjected to procedures of mixing, high-temperature treatment, graphitization treatment, sieving and the like; the coke powder and the organic carbon source are mixed in a heating environment, and the effects of coating, mixing and holding, secondary pelleting and the like can be achieved; the small-particle coke powder can form secondary particles under the cohesive action of the organic carbon source; therefore, the problem of anisotropy of the material is solved, and the tap density of the material is improved; meanwhile, the artificial graphite negative electrode material is capable of lowering the material turnover and equipment residual loss, high in yield, simple in procedures, low in energy consumption, environment-friendly, uniform in the coating effect on the surface of the material, and high in consistency; and in addition, the prepared negative electrode material has the characteristics of isotropy, low iron impurity content, low initial irreversible capacity, small volume expansion, high absorbency, high circulation performance, high performance cost ratio, excellent comprehensive performance and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to the preparation of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Method.
Background technology
The advantages such as lithium ion battery has that high voltage, specific energy be big, life-span length and memory-less effect, thus in recent years,
3C Product, electric bicycle, energy-storage system, particularly electric automobile are used widely.Graphite negative electrodes material is current
The leading negative material of commercial Li-ion battery, it has relatively low lithium intercalation/deintercalation current potential, higher reversible capacity and money
The advantages such as source is abundant, cheap.
Lithium ion battery negative material presently mainly has the material of graphite-structure, and wherein Delanium quickly grows.
MCMB is the one of Delanium, its Stability Analysis of Structures, and specific surface area is little, and cycle performance and safety are good, but its
Cost of manufacture is high, is used as high-end ion cathode material lithium all the time.General graphous graphite powder is in irregular shape,
Specific surface area is big, and degree of anisotropy is higher, causes materials processing poor performance, and the problem such as pole piece bounce-back, battery core flatulence, deformation is prominent
Go out.Therefore reducing specific surface area, improve isotropism degree, the cycle performance and the safety that improve battery core are always Delanium class
The emphasis of carbon cathode material research and development.
Chinese patent CN96198348.5 and CN03120199.6 etc., use Colophonium, petroleum tar, coal tar or they
Mixture coated graphite, asphalt pyrolysis charcoal is less than the specific surface area of Resin Char coated graphite, and the affinity of graphite to be got well,
Structure is more firm, but pitch-coating deforms because of fusing in heating process, and consumption the most also easily causes Coating Graphite Particles
Being mutually bonded, consumption is very few, and to easily cause cladding uneven, and is prone in heating process expand, and affects the electrical property of graphite.
After Chinese patent CN101162775A uses liquid phase method Colophonium and resin to be dissolved simultaneously, add graphite mixing,
Then steam solvent, finally carry out heat treatment, the mixture of Colophonium He one or more resin formation is coated on graphite
Surface, improves the cycle efficieny of graphite and cyclical stability and multiplying power property and compressible performance.But the method is in reality
Border application also there are some shortcomings, use liquid phase method to need to use organic solvent, easily cause pollution, simultaneously to solute Colophonium
Requiring the highest (quinoline insolubles content is not more than 12%), evaporation recycling design needs complicated equipment, easily causes investment
Excessive, these result in and are difficult to be applied in industrialized production.
Chinese patent CN102082272A uses hard charcoal precursor, soft charcoal precursor and hetero atom modifying agent, Yi Jishi
After ink mixes in proportion, first carry out cured, then carry out the most relatively low heat treatment, finally carry out secondary high-temperature
Graphitization processing, obtains the lithium ion battery negative material being coated with containing hard charcoal.But the method is owing to using in normal-temperature solid-phase condition
The lower way by the mixing of up to four kinds of powder body, is first difficult to ensure that the uniformity that multiple covering material presoma mix, next by
In two kinds of precursors, the proportion of soft charcoal precursor is too high, so also needing secondary high temperature graphitization to process, and otherwise can be because of
The degree of graphitization of soft charcoal is on the low side and causes the specific capacity of final coated graphite material on the low side.So eventually result in production
The rising of cost, it is difficult to meet the requirement that market is inexpensive to product.
Chinese patent CN201410325202.3 by by material Physical Processing, mix, mold pressing process, calcination process and ball
Changing the operations such as shaping and prepare a kind of artificial plumbago negative pole material, material cycling loss is big, and production efficiency is low, and energy consumption is big, and technique is multiple
Miscellaneous.
Chinese patent CN02125715.9 utilizes the method for mist projection granulating at one layer of charcoal of graphite microparticles Surface coating, obtains interior
Portion is graphite, and outside is the carbon coated graphite microparticles of the nucleocapsid structure of charcoal, and irreversible capacity is relatively low first, and cycle performance is preferable,
But the method complex process, energy consumption is big, and production cost is high.
Chinese patent CN200510029448.7 after Delanium micropowder Surface coating organic carbon source through roasting etc.
The artificial plumbago negative pole material that reason obtains, need to select the aromatic solvent such as carbolineum and washing oil as reaction promoter, carbolineum and washing oil
In containing the noxious substance such as anthracene, naphthalene, high boiling point phenols, heavy pyridine bases, acenaphthene, fluorenes, unfriendly to environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is just also to solve above-mentioned technological deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of artificial plumbago negative pole
The preparation method of material.
The present invention specifically provides following technical scheme, the preparation side of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Method, it comprises the steps:
(1) batch mixing: organic carbon source and Delanium coke powder are added the blender with heating function by a certain percentage, constantly stirs
Mix to mix homogeneously;
(2) high-temperature process: the powder body of mix homogeneously is warming up to 500~1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 3~10 hours, be subsequently cooled to
Room temperature;
(3) graphitization processing: by the material after high-temperature process 2600 DEG C of graphitization processing carried out above;
(4) screening: being sieved by the powder body after graphitization processing, collection screen blanking obtains finished product.
Organic carbon source in step (1) is asphalt, coal tar pitch, phenolic resin, polrvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phenolic aldehyde
Resin, epoxy resin one or more.
Delanium coke powder in step (1) is petroleum coke micropowder, needle coke micropowder, pitch coke micropowder, mesophase micropowder
One or more, mean diameter D50 is 2~10 μm.
In step (1), the weight ratio of Delanium coke powder and organic carbon source is 10:(1~4).
Agitating heating temperature in step (1) is 50~300 DEG C, and mixing time is 1~12 hour.
The heating rate of step (2) is 0.5~5 DEG C/min, and cooling is to naturally cool to 200~300 DEG C, then forces cold
But to room temperature.
Step (2) and (3) are carried out under non-oxide protective atmosphere, are to be passed through the indifferent gas such as nitrogen in preparation process
Body is protected, and its gas flow is 5~30L/min.
The minus mesh collected through screening in step (4), its mean diameter D50 is 8~25 μm.
The present invention use raw material be mean diameter D50 be the Delanium coke powder of 2~10 μm, select smaller particle diameter
Coke powder, there is the features such as specific surface area is big, tap density is low.But it is just little due to its particle diameter, it is possible to shorten lithium ion and enter
Enter the channel resistance of graphite layers, show more excellent high rate performance and cryogenic property.Existed by coke powder and organic carbon source
Carry out mixed processing under heating environment, the effects such as cladding, kneading, secondary granulation can be played, make the coke powder of small particles at organic carbon
Under the cementation in source, form second particle, the problem solving each diversity of material, improves the tap density of material.
The invention have the advantages that and good effect:
1, the operations such as cladding, secondary granulation, kneading are comprehensively carried out by this preparation method, decrease turnover and the equipment residual of material
Loss, productivity is high, and operation is simple, and energy consumption is low, environmental protection, material Surface coating uniform in effect, and concordance is high;
2, relatively good to raw-material orientation Resolving probiems, macroscopically isotropic, iron tramp content is low, the lithium-ion electric prepared
Pond negative material, irreversible capacity is low first, and volumetric expansion is little, and absorbency is good, and good cycle, cost performance are high, combination property
Excellent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The negative material scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention 1.
The negative material full circulating battery curve chart of Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the preferably embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention
Embodiment be not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
With needle coke micropowder as raw material (mean diameter D50 is 5 μm), asphalt (softening point is 100 DEG C) is organic carbon source, two
Person's mass ratio is 10:3, weighs 100Kg needle coke micropowder and 30Kg asphalt, adds reactor stirring together, and temperature is DEG C
120, mixing time is 6 hours.
It is warming up to 800 DEG C afterwards with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, and constant temperature 5 hours, it is then cooled to room temperature, then by material
Material is 2600 DEG C of graphitization processing carried out above.
Finally, being sieved by powder body, collection screen blanking obtains finished product.
Embodiment 2
With petroleum coke micropowder as raw material (mean diameter D50 is 7 μm), coal tar pitch (softening point is 150 DEG C) is organic carbon source, both
Mass ratio is 10:3.5, weighs 100Kg petroleum coke micropowder and 35Kg coal tar pitch, adds reactor stirring together, and temperature is DEG C
170, mixing time is 5 hours.
It is warming up to 900 DEG C afterwards with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, and constant temperature 4 hours, it is then cooled to room temperature, then by material
Material is 2600 DEG C of graphitization processing carried out above.
Finally, being sieved by powder body, collection screen blanking obtains finished product.
Embodiment 3
With pitch coke micropowder as raw material (mean diameter D50 is 6.5 μm), asphalt (softening point is 120 DEG C) is organic carbon
Source, both mass ratioes are 10:2.5, weigh 100Kg pitch coke micropowder and 25Kg asphalt, add reactor stirring, temperature together
Degree is 150 DEG C, and mixing time is 4.5 hours.
It is warming up to 850 DEG C afterwards with the heating rate of 4 DEG C/min, and constant temperature 4 hours, it is then cooled to room temperature, then by material
Material is 2600 DEG C of graphitization processing carried out above.
Finally, being sieved by powder body, collection screen blanking obtains finished product.
Comparative example 1
Needle coke powder material (mean diameter D50 is 5 μm) in embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2
Petroleum coke powder material (mean diameter D50 is 7 μm) in embodiment 2.
Comparative example 3
Embodiment 3 medium pitch Jiao's powder material (mean diameter D50 is 6.5 μm).
Raw material in above-described embodiment and comparative example, specific targets parameter list 1.
Table 1
Electrochemical property test
For capacity first and the efficiency performance first of the raw material in inspection embodiment and comparative example, carry out by half-cell method of testing
Test, with above example and the negative material of comparative example: acetylene black: PVDF(Kynoar)=93:3:4(weight ratio), add
Appropriate NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) furnishing pulpous state, coat on Copper Foil, be dried through 110 DEG C of vacuum and make negative plate in 8 hours;
With metal lithium sheet for electrode, electrolyte is 1mol/L LiPF6/EC+DEC+DMC=1:1:1, and microporous polypropylene membrane is barrier film,
It is assembled into battery.Charging/discharging voltage is 0~2.0V, and charge-discharge velocity is 0.2C, carries out battery performance testing, test result
It is shown in Table 2.
For the cycle performance of the raw material in inspection embodiment and comparative example, test by the method for testing of full battery, use
Upper embodiment and the negative material of comparative example: SP:SBR(solid content 50%): CMC=94:2.5:1.5:2(weight ratio), add appropriate
Deionized water mix homogeneously furnishing pulpous state, is applied on Copper Foil, and at 90 DEG C, evacuation is dried;By LiFePO4 powder: SP:KS-6:
PVDF=92:3.5:2:2.5(weight ratio), do after solvent mix homogeneously sizes mixing with NMP, be applied on aluminium foil, at 100 DEG C
Evacuation is dried;By dried positive and negative electrode pole piece through roll-in, cut-parts, winding, fluid injection, sealing, formation process, make phosphorus
Acid ferrum lithium power type 4244130 type Soft Roll resultant battery (nominal capacity is 2.5Ah), barrier film is Celgard2400, and electrolyte is
1M LiPF6 DMC:EC:DEC, uses battery check device to be circulated the detection of performance, and test result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
From table 1, table 2 it can be seen that the negative material properties obtained by each embodiment is superior to comparative example.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, it is impossible to assert
Being embodied as of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention,
On the premise of present inventive concept, it is also possible to make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries, it comprises the steps:
(1) batch mixing: organic carbon source and Delanium coke powder are added the blender with heating function by a certain percentage, constantly stirs
Mix to mix homogeneously;
(2) high-temperature process: the powder body of mix homogeneously is warming up to 500~1100 DEG C, and constant temperature 3~10 hours, be subsequently cooled to
Room temperature;
(3) graphitization processing: by the material after high-temperature process 2600 DEG C of graphitization processing carried out above;
(4) screening: being sieved by the powder body after graphitization processing, collection screen blanking obtains finished product.
2., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: the organic carbon source in step (1) be asphalt, coal tar pitch, phenolic resin, polrvinyl chloride, polystyrene, phenolic resin,
One or more of epoxy resin.
3., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: the Delanium coke powder in step (1) is petroleum coke micropowder, needle coke micropowder, pitch coke micropowder, the one of mesophase micropowder
Or two or more, mean diameter D50 is 2~10 μm.
4., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: in step (1), the weight ratio of Delanium coke powder and organic carbon source is 10:(1~4).
5., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: the agitating heating temperature in step (1) is 50~300 DEG C, and mixing time is 1~12 hour.
6., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: the heating rate of step (2) is 0.5~5 DEG C/min, and cooling is to naturally cool to 200~300 DEG C, then forces to be cooled to
Room temperature.
7., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: step (2) and (3) are carried out under non-oxide protective atmosphere, are to be passed through the noble gases such as nitrogen in preparation process to enter
Row protection, its gas flow is 5~30L/min.
8., according to the preparation method of a kind of artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries described in claim 1, its feature exists
In: the minus mesh collected through screening in step (4), its mean diameter D50 is 8~25 μm.
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