CN105956390A - Ecological safety early-warning and evaluating visualization system and method - Google Patents
Ecological safety early-warning and evaluating visualization system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention discloses an ecological safety early-warning and evaluating visualization system and method. The system comprises a dynamic monitoring subsystem, a safety evaluating subsystem, a warning-condition forecasting system and a decision management subsystem; the dynamic monitoring subsystem uses a to-be-evaluated area as an object to perform data logging and update operation; the safety evaluating subsystem evaluates the ecological safety of the to-be-evaluated area according to the dynamic monitoring system; the warning-condition forecasting system performs ecological safety early-warning and evaluation to the to-be-evaluated area; and the decision management subsystem gives decisions and planning suggestions according to data and results obtained by the dynamic monitoring subsystem, the safety evaluating subsystem and the warning-condition forecasting system. The system provided by the invention has scientific and simple algorithm, is easy to be realized, uses small soft hardware resource of the computer, and is easy to be managed. This invention supplements an ecological safety evaluating visualization application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological safety field, be specifically related to a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system and method.
Background technology
Ecological safety is the new research field that twentieth century end occurs in the world, and ecological environment is protected by the current mankind
The consciousness protected day by day strengthens, and doubles the degree of concern of ecological safety, the most ecological safety is included in a national security
The important component part of system, as military security, political security, economic security, science and technology safety, in national security system
Occupy an important position；Ecological security assessment becomes a country and carries out the important basis of macro-plan, government decision；
Ecological security assessment is also the focus of the subjects such as sustainable development, geography, ecology and resource and environmental science, and ecological
Safety evaluation is basis and the core of ecological safety research；Zonal ecological security assessment is that a country carries out grand
See planning, the important evidence of government decision, along with Re-search on Urbanization and industrialized development, the guarantor of China's ecological environment security
Holding and safeguard and will face more serious threat and challenge, research mankind's activity is imperative to the effect of ecological security.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system, the present invention
Purpose two be to provide a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment method.
An object of the present invention is realized by such technical scheme, a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization
System, a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system, pre-including dynamic monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem, alert
Man who brings news of appointment's system and decision-making management subsystem；
Described dynamic monitoring subsystem, with region to be evaluated as object, gathers the index number needed in mathematical model modeling
According to, carry out the typing of data, update operation；
The data that described safety evaluation subsystem foundation dynamic monitoring system is updated are according to the side of AHP-PSR mathematical modeling
Method, calculates the ecological security assessment index in region to be evaluated, and according to evaluation number, establishes each index grading interval, treat
The ecological safety of evaluation region carries out ecological security assessment；
The result that alert prediction subsystem calculates according to fuzzy matter-element model, treating evaluation region, to carry out ecological safety pre-
Police comments；
Decision-making management subsystem is drawn according to dynamic monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem and alert prediction subsystem
Data and result, treat evaluation region ecological safety grading and indices data summarize, study into existing
Fruit carries out reference and extension, and the socio-economic development situation in conjunction with region to be evaluated provides decision-making, planning.
Further, also including Map OCX, described Map OCX provides the data display function of color slice map, it is provided that shadow
Display function as figure.
Further, described Map OCX includes ratio scale control, legend control and navigation controls, described scale control
The function amplified, reduce is provided, shows the scale under current LOD；Legend letter in described legend control display thematic maps
Breath, expresses ecological safety rating information；The offer of described navigation controls is amplified, reduces, rotates, is translated navigation feature.
Further, the result that alert prediction subsystem calculates according to fuzzy matter-element model, treat evaluation region and give birth to
State safe early warning is commented；Concretely comprise the following steps:
Step 1). set up compound fuzzy object element analysis
If region M to be evaluated, there is n item attribute to be evaluated C1, C2... Cn, the property value of its correspondence is u (x1), u
(x2)……u(x3), then have:
In formula (1): RmnArrange for n, the matrix of m row, CnIt is index or index, the M of n-th evaluation modelmIt it is m item evaluation
Region, u (xmn) it is n-th property value in m-th region；
Step 2). set up difference square fuzzy matter element matrix
Different computing formula is respectively adopted for different degrees of membership
The biggest more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=xij/max xijFormula (2)
The least more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=min x(ij)/xijFormula (3)
In formula (2), formula (3): xijFor i-th evaluation region jth item desired value；maxijRepresenting should in all evaluation regions
Index maximum；min xijFor this index minima in all evaluation regions；u(xij) it is degree of membership, it is subordinate to angle value and replaces former multiple
Jth row, the n-th row in compound variable matrix:
By formula (2) and formula (3) Criterion fuzzy matter element matrix, use the value after calculating to substitute the value of original position, then may be used
:
In formula (4): M0For arbitrary evaluation index；CnFor evaluation region, u (x01) it is degree of membership value of calculation replacement values；R0nFor
The standard of single index obscures object element analysis, is only for example herein and gives " 0 " attribute item.
With aijExpression standard obscure object element analysis and compound fuzzy object element analysis difference square, then may make up difference square fuzzy
Object element analysis:
In formula (5): MmIt is m item attribute, CnIt is the n-th evaluation region, anmIt it is the m item matter-element of the n-th evaluation region
The difference square replacement values of matrix, constitutes difference square object element analysis.
Step 3). the weights aggregative weighted using difference square fuzzy matter element matrix to be drawn with AHP-PSR, obtain matter-element
Joint territory and Classical field, according to Classical field, divide evaluation of estimate, obtain the evaluation result in region to be evaluated.
The two of the purpose of the present invention are realized by such technical scheme, a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment method,
Comprise the following steps:
S1. utilize AHP step analysis decision-making and PSR structural model to combine, set up by destination layer X, rule layer Y and index
The ecological safety assessment system that layer Z becomes；
S2. at indicator layer, the evaluation index in region to be evaluated is divided into pressure, state and three aspects of response；
S3. carry out rule layer composing power；
S4. carry out weight computing according to the index under the weight calculation method of AHP criterion each to PSR, the result obtained with
The weights of rule layer are multiplied, and obtain combining weights；
S5. utilize the calculated weights of step S2 to carry out aggregative weighted with a difference square fuzzy matter element matrix, evaluated
Value, and according to the size of value, by nature breakpoint method, evaluation result is divided, obtain the evaluation result in each region to be evaluated.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, present invention have the advantage that:
1. inventive algorithm science, simple, easily realizes.
2. to take computer software and hardware resource little for the present invention, manageability.
3. the present invention supplements the visualization application of ecological security assessment.
4. the present invention has cross-platform characteristic, can run on the appliance and electronic such as computer, mobile phone.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention made into
The detailed description of one step, wherein:
Fig. 1 is PSR structural model schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the fundamental diagram of whole WebGIS system；
Fig. 3 is the structure of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail；Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment
Only for the explanation present invention rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one
AHP Decision Method is by event or every attribute of things or index, via manual decision or experience by appraisement system
Indices carry out classification according to orderly level, by similar attribute or according to for evaluate the positive negative correlation of achievement carry out
Classification.In each classification, subjectivity gives weights respectively, finally calculates the analysis method of final evaluation of estimate in top layer.AHP
The problem having multiple complicated factor to together decide on, to participate in has been carried out letter according to the thinking of modular classification by Analytical hierarchy process
Change, thus the evaluation that the quality of decision scheme is quantified, and given by numeral and contrast intuitively.
PSR structural model refers to whole index system is divided into " pressure, state, response " three aspects.This model is
Early for economics research, in the research assessing the aspect such as the utilization of resources and sustainable development, measurement geography is studied also
Use this scale-model investigation ecological environment.Fig. 1 illustrates the effect of a categorizing system in PSR model.
A kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system, a kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system, including moving
State monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem, alert prediction subsystem and decision-making management subsystem；
Described dynamic monitoring subsystem, with region to be evaluated as object, gathers the index number needed in mathematical model modeling
According to, carry out the typing of data, update operation；During selecting index, should be noted that the frequency of the phase of achievement data, renewal
While the factor such as rate, unit, the dependency of indices is the smaller the better.
The data that described safety evaluation subsystem foundation dynamic monitoring system is updated are according to the side of AHP-PSR mathematical modeling
Method, calculates the ecological security assessment index in region to be evaluated, and according to evaluation number, establishes each index grading interval, treat
The ecological safety of evaluation region carries out ecological security assessment；Treat the ecological safety of evaluation region according to " the most dangerous, uneasy
Entirely, safe, safer, the most safely " carry out ecological security assessment.
The result that alert prediction subsystem calculates according to fuzzy matter-element model, treating evaluation region, to carry out ecological safety pre-
Police comments；
Decision-making management subsystem is drawn according to dynamic monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem and alert prediction subsystem
Data and result, treat evaluation region ecological safety grading and indices data summarize, study into existing
Fruit carries out reference and extension, and the socio-economic development situation in conjunction with region to be evaluated provides decision-making, planning.
The present invention with Microsoft Visual Studio sp1 as development platform, ArcGIS API for Silver
LightV2.3 is control bag, tool kit, to develop Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing ecological safety under the framework of browser/server
Early warning system.The purpose of GIS secondary development is the assembly of former software or system to be carried out splitting and according to the reality of developer self
Border demand, again assembly for new algorithm, usage.WebGIS is GIS-Geographic Information System exploitation skill based on procotol
Art, GIS web application development cost is little, because applying home server and having the ability of rapid deployment.Home server selects
The ArcGIS server10.2 of ESRI company, its provide beautiful interface, convenience, server admin service.This ecological safety
Evaluation system is designed by bottom-up mode, is developed by top-down mode.Under main system, including dynamically supervising
Survey subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem, decision-making management subsystem, early warning subsystem.The operation principle of whole WebGIS system is such as
Shown in Fig. 2:
WebGIS product is different from the requirement to function of the desktop level generalized information system, and desktop level GIS requires there is complete number
According to inputting, export, manage, analyze, function, its data object non-directional processed；The data initialization of WebGIS product is by taking
Business device completes, but WebGIS have equally data export, manage, the ability such as analysis.Reservoir area of Three Gorges ecological security assessment system
Main interface function mainly realizes map datum and browses and query function, and relies on Microsoft Blend assembly, carries out further
Optimization.
This Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system also includes Map OCX, and described Map OCX provides color slice map
Data display function, it is provided that the display function of striograph.
Described Map OCX includes ratio scale control, legend control and navigation controls, and described scale control provides and puts
Greatly, the function that reduces, show the scale under current LOD；Legend information in described legend control display thematic maps, expresses
Ecological safety rating information；The offer of described navigation controls is amplified, reduces, rotates, is translated navigation feature.
The result that alert prediction subsystem calculates according to fuzzy matter-element model, treating evaluation region, to carry out ecological safety pre-
Police comments；Concretely comprise the following steps:
Step 1). set up compound fuzzy object element analysis
If region M to be evaluated, there is n item attribute to be evaluated C1, C2... Cn, the property value of its correspondence is u (x1), u
(x2)……u(x3), then have:
In formula (1): RmnArrange for n, the matrix of m row, CnIt is index or index, the M of n-th evaluation modelmIt it is m item evaluation
Region, u (xmn) it is n-th property value (through standardization) in m-th region.
Step 2). set up difference square fuzzy matter element matrix
The property value of each evaluation index is subordinated to the fuzzy value of each corresponding evaluation index response of master sample and is subordinate to journey
Degree, referred to as from excellent degree of membership.The principle set up accordingly, becomes from excellent principle of subsidiarity.From excellent degree of membership, index is divided into more
The most excellent big type evaluation index and the least more excellent type evaluation index.
Different computing formula is respectively adopted for different degrees of membership
The biggest more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=xij/max xijFormula (2)
The least more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=minxij/xijFormula (3)
In formula (2), formula (3): xijFor i-th evaluation region jth item desired value；maxijRepresenting should in all evaluation regions
Index maximum；min xijFor this index minima in all evaluation regions；u(xij) it is degree of membership, it is subordinate to angle value and replaces former multiple
Jth row, the n-th row in compound variable matrix:
By formula (2) and formula (3) Criterion fuzzy matter element matrix, use the value after calculating to substitute the value of original position, then may be used
:
In formula (4): M0For arbitrary evaluation index；CnFor evaluation region, u (x01) it is degree of membership value of calculation replacement values；R0nFor
The standard of single index obscures object element analysis, is only for example herein and gives " 0 " attribute item.
With aijExpression standard obscure object element analysis and compound fuzzy object element analysis difference square, then may make up difference square fuzzy
Object element analysis:
In formula (5): MmIt is m item attribute, CnIt is the n-th evaluation region, anmIt it is the m item matter-element of the n-th evaluation region
The difference square replacement values of matrix, constitutes difference square object element analysis.
Step 3). the weights aggregative weighted using difference square fuzzy matter element matrix to be drawn with AHP-PSR, obtain matter-element
Joint territory and Classical field, according to Classical field, divide evaluation of estimate, obtain the evaluation result in region to be evaluated.
Embodiment two
A kind of Ecological Alarm Assessment method, comprises the following steps:
S1. utilize AHP step analysis decision-making and PSR structural model to combine, set up by destination layer X, rule layer Y and index
The ecological safety assessment system that layer Z becomes；At indicator layer, the evaluation index in region to be evaluated is divided into pressure, state and response three
Individual aspect.
AHP Analytical hierarchy process and PSR structural model combine, the problem of ecological security assessment has been carried out simplify,
Systematization, structuring, quantization.In modeling process, the practical situation of binding local, by 17 indexs according to science
Principle carried out division Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing ecological safety assessment system such as following table according to the requirement of rule layer:
Table 1 Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing ecological security assessment modeling table
S2. carry out rule layer composing power；
During composing power, the impact subjective in order to eliminate individual, the method using expert discussion, can be by each index
Weights carry out post processing, such as methods such as averagings.
Table 2 rule layer is composed power and is calculated
S3. carry out weight computing according to the index under the weight calculation method of AHP criterion each to PSR, the result obtained with
The weights of rule layer, to taking advantage of, obtain combining weights
Table 3 combining weights table
S4. utilize the calculated weights of step S2 to carry out aggregative weighted with a difference square fuzzy matter element matrix, evaluated
Value, and according to the size of value, by nature breakpoint method, evaluation result is divided, obtain the evaluation result in each region to be evaluated.
Carry out aggregative weighted by the desired value after the weights of table 3 and equalization processing, obtain evaluation of estimate, and big according to be worth
Little, by nature breakpoint method, evaluation result is divided.
Table 4 ecological safety state demarcation
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, it is clear that those skilled in the art
Member can carry out various change and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention to the present invention.So, if the present invention
These amendments and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these
Change and including modification.
Claims (5)
1. an Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system, it is characterised in that: include dynamic monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation
System, alert prediction subsystem and decision-making management subsystem；
Described dynamic monitoring subsystem, with region to be evaluated as object, gathers the achievement data needed in mathematical model modeling, enters
The typing of row data, renewal operation；
The data that described safety evaluation subsystem is updated according to dynamic monitoring system according to the method for AHP-PSR mathematical modeling,
Calculate the ecological security assessment index in region to be evaluated, and according to evaluation number, establish each index grading interval, to be evaluated
The ecological safety in region carries out ecological security assessment；
The result that alert prediction subsystem calculates according to fuzzy matter-element model, treats evaluation region and carries out Ecological Alarm
Comment；
The number that decision-making management subsystem is drawn according to dynamic monitoring subsystem, safety evaluation subsystem and alert prediction subsystem
According to and result, treat evaluation region ecological safety grading and indices data summarize, existing achievement in research is entered
Row reference and extension, the socio-economic development situation in conjunction with region to be evaluated provides decision-making, planning.
Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: also include map control
Part, described Map OCX provides the data display function of color slice map, it is provided that the display function of striograph.
Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described Map OCX bag
Including ratio scale control, legend control and navigation controls, described scale control provides the function amplified, reduce, and display is current
Scale under LOD；Legend information in described legend control display thematic maps, expresses ecological safety rating information；Described
Navigation controls offer is amplified, reduces, rotates, is translated navigation feature.
Ecological Alarm Assessment visualization system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: alert prediction subsystem
The result calculated according to fuzzy matter-element model, treats evaluation region and carries out Ecological Alarm and comment；Concretely comprise the following steps:
Step 1). set up compound fuzzy object element analysis
If region M to be evaluated, there is n item attribute to be evaluated C1, C2... Cn, the property value of its correspondence is u (x1), u (x2)……u
(x3), then have:
In formula (1): RmnArrange for n, the matrix of m row, CnIt is index or index, the M of n-th evaluation modelmIt is m item evaluation region,
u(xmn) it is n-th property value in m-th region；
Step 2). set up difference square fuzzy matter element matrix
Different computing formula is respectively adopted for different degrees of membership
The biggest more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=xij/maxxijFormula (2)
The least more excellent type index calculates:
u(xij)=min x(ij)/xijFormula (3)
Wherein max x(ij)Represent the number that in single evaluation index, property value is maximum, min x(ij)Then represent minimum number；
By formula (2) and formula (3) Criterion fuzzy matter element matrix, use the value after calculating to substitute the value of original position, then can obtain:
In formula (4): M0For arbitrary evaluation index；CnFor evaluation region, u (x01) it is degree of membership value of calculation replacement values；R0nFor single
The standard of index obscures object element analysis, is only for example herein and gives " 0 " attribute item.
With aijExpression standard obscure object element analysis and compound fuzzy object element analysis difference square, then may make up difference square fuzzy matter element
Matrix:
In formula (5): MmIt is m item attribute, CnIt is the n-th evaluation region, anmIt it is the m item object element analysis of the n-th evaluation region
Difference square replacement values, constitutes difference square object element analysis.
Step 3). the weights aggregative weighted using difference square fuzzy matter element matrix to be drawn with AHP-PSR, obtain the joint territory of matter-element
With Classical field, according to Classical field, evaluation of estimate is divided, obtain the evaluation result in region to be evaluated.
5. an Ecological Alarm Assessment method, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
S1. utilize AHP step analysis decision-making and PSR structural model to combine, set up by destination layer X, rule layer Y and indicator layer Z
The ecological safety assessment system become；
S2. at indicator layer, the evaluation index in region to be evaluated is divided into pressure, state and three aspects of response；
S3. carry out rule layer composing power；
S4. weight computing is carried out according to the index under the weight calculation method of AHP criterion each to PSR, the result obtained and criterion
The weights of layer are multiplied, and obtain combining weights；
S5. utilize the calculated weights of step S2 to carry out aggregative weighted with a difference square fuzzy matter element matrix, obtain evaluation of estimate, and
According to the size of value, by nature breakpoint method, evaluation result is divided, obtain the evaluation result in each region to be evaluated.
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