CN105948753A - 分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法 - Google Patents

分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法 Download PDF

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CN105948753A
CN105948753A CN201610284938.XA CN201610284938A CN105948753A CN 105948753 A CN105948753 A CN 105948753A CN 201610284938 A CN201610284938 A CN 201610284938A CN 105948753 A CN105948753 A CN 105948753A
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CN105948753B (zh
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郑浦
杨新领
李志强
任付生
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Zhejiang Dongxin New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,包括以下步骤:在95~98份碳化硅微粉中加入1~4份碳源和1~4份B4C作为烧结助剂,以此为主料,然后依次加入40~60份去离子水,5~10份质量浓度为8~12%的水溶性高分子粘结剂溶液,2~6份润滑剂,均匀搅拌成水基料浆;将水基料浆进行喷雾造粒、密封陈腐;所得的陈腐后粉料依次进行素坯成型、预烧排蜡、素坯车制、烧结;烧结所得物经磨削加工,得陶瓷内衬。

Description

分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分段式无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的制备方法。
背景技术
随着超细研磨技术和纳米技术的发展,砂磨机作为滚筒式球磨机、立式球磨机后第三代超细研磨设备,在医药、电子、矿物、冶金、造纸、油墨、化妆品等领域得到越来越多的应用。
目前市场上砂磨机主要应用的耐磨内衬为聚氨酯、尼龙、氧化铝、不锈钢、氧化锆等材质,这几种材质的导热系数低分别为0.59、0.35、30、33-55、3.0W/m·k,不锈钢、氧化铝和氧化锆的硬度低,耐磨和抗腐蚀性能较差,砂磨机搅拌转速高,在高速搅拌过程中蓄热严重,磨损严重。碳化硅陶瓷内衬主要有反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬和无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬,反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷含有8~12%的游离硅,存在少量未完全反应的残炭,微观结构均匀一致性差,限制了其在严苛研磨工况的应用;而无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷密度均匀,耐酸碱性好,而且热导率高140W/m·k、硬度大于92(洛氏硬度)仅次于金刚石和立方氮化硼,在砂磨机中应用时耐磨性好、散热性好,极大减少杂质的引入,优异性能使其在砂磨机领域应用越来越广,现有市场上各材质内衬的性能如表1。
表1
目前制备碳化硅陶瓷内衬素坯可行方法有注浆成型、凝胶注模成型、等静压成型、干压成型。注浆成型适用于薄壁产品,但工艺过程复杂,影响成型因素较多,易产生气孔、开裂、变形等缺陷,用于生产反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬较多,无压烧结碳化硅原始粉料粒度<1μm,颗粒很容易团聚,注浆成型大件无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷技术不成熟,几乎没有报道;凝胶注模可有效地控制颗粒团聚,制备出均匀、高强度的坯体,但由于我国凝胶注模技术起步较晚,某些关键技术还未解决,如用该技术产业化生产无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷技术还不成熟;等静压成型的坯体密度分布均匀,但由于无压烧结碳化硅的烧结收缩很大,成型的坯体尺寸难以精准控制,一般尺寸余量较大,对粉料的浪费严重,再者,大型的等静压设备复杂,辅助设备较多,成本造价较高。
干压成型的优点是生产过程简单,致密度高,制品尺寸精确,表面质量高,设备机械化自动化程度高,可以实现连续化生产;缺点是对于制品形状复杂的制品难以成型,模具磨损大,压力分布不均,密度不均。
相对而言,砂磨机内衬多为形状简单的圆筒状。因此,注浆成型和凝胶注模成型由于工艺过程复杂、技术不成熟,影响成型因素较多,生产效率低等原因,相比干压成型不具优势,但是干压成型素坯高度高于400mm的坯体,由于摩擦阻力大,很难压制,同时成品率低。
国外法国圣戈班、德国赛琅泰克采用大型冷等静压机可以直接做到1200mm高的研磨桶,生产成本高,售价极其昂贵。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,本发明采用干压成型结合等静压成型制备致密度高、结构均匀、具有一定强度、可以进行机加工的坯体,烧结后烧结体密度可达3.10g/cm3,由于采用分段式,因此可以很好控制制品磨加工的精度,加工效率和成品率。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
1)、混料:
在95~98份碳化硅微粉中加入1~4份(较佳为3份)碳源和1~4份(较佳为2份)B4C(D50=1.0~3.0μm)作为烧结助剂,以此为主料,然后依次加入40~60份(较佳为50份)去离子水,5~10份质量浓度为8~12%(较佳为10%)的水溶性高分子粘结剂溶液(水溶液),2~6份(较佳为3份)润滑剂,均匀搅拌成(可在球磨机中进行)水基料浆;
以上份均指重量份;
2)、喷雾造粒:
将步骤1)所得水基料浆进行喷雾造粒,控制进口温度为200~350℃(较佳为250℃),出口温度为100~180℃(较佳为120℃),制备所得的喷雾造粒粉于室温环境下密封陈腐3~10天(较佳为5天),得陈腐后粉料;
备注说明:雾化盘转速为8000~12000r/min,制备所得的喷雾造粒粉水分控制在0.8~2%(质量%);
3)、素坯成型:
将步骤2)所得的陈腐后粉料装入模具中,先进行干压成型,然后再进行等静压处理,从而获得素坯(为致密、均匀的素坯);
4)、预烧排蜡:
将步骤3)所得的素坯放入真空排蜡炉中,在600~900℃的温度下保温预烧2~5h小时(较佳为800℃、4h);
5)、素坯车制:
将步骤4)所得的预烧后素坯车制成所需形状;
6)、烧结:
将步骤5)所得的素坯放入真空烧结炉中,在惰性气体的保护下,于2080~2200℃的温度保温0.5~1.5h;
烧结所得物经磨削加工(属于常规技术),得陶瓷内衬。
备注说明:
磨削加工具体是指将烧结所得物(烧结体)按照图纸在大型平面磨、内圆磨、外圆磨上进行磨加工;此属于常规技术。
所得的陶瓷内衬进行如下的性能检测:
将加工好的产品(即,陶瓷内衬)用排水法检测体积密度,体积密度要求≥3.10g/cm3,肉眼检验研磨桶内圆表面不允许有气孔(>200μm的气孔)存在,检测硬度HRA要求≥91。
作为本发明的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法的改进:
所述碳化硅微粉D50(中位径)=0.4~0.8μm;
所述碳源为炭黑(纳米碳黑,D50=30nm)、胶体石墨(D50=0.3μm);
所述水溶性高分子粘结剂为聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素;
所述润滑剂为甘油、水溶性石蜡乳液(固含量30%)。
作为本发明的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法的进一步改进:
当制造高度为1200mm研磨桶的内衬,且要求该内衬的外径(外直径)为300mm、内径(内直径)为282mm时,
将该内衬分成4段进行加工,控制每段内衬素坯的尺寸为:外径365mm,内径335mm,高363mm(可通过模具实现上述尺寸的控制);
于1000吨的四柱液压机下干压成型,压力为20MPa,保压时间为100s;然用塑料袋(柔性塑料袋)包裹好,放入冷等静压机进行等静压处理,压力为200Mpa,保压时间15min,从而得到素坯(为致密、结构均匀的素坯)。
作为本发明的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法的进一步改进:
通过磨削加工使所得每段内衬的内圆表面基于端面的垂直度≤20μm,端面的光洁度≤0.2μm(这样可以保证4段内衬配合使用时,又能实现无间隙的紧密贴合)。
本发明具有如下技术优势:
1.本发明拓展了无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷在砂磨机领域的应用,从根本上解决现有砂磨机大批量使用聚氨酯内衬,不耐磨,蓄热严重的问题;
2.本发明采用干压结合等静压成型,比传统注浆成型,制备工艺更为简单,产品质量更好;
3.由于常规工业使用砂磨机的内衬的高度一般大于1.2m,无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的需要制备的素坯高度大于1.5m,干压成型时装粉高度需要高达3m以上,没法进行干压成型,本发明提供一种分段式制备砂磨机内衬的思路,将制备好的内衬装入砂磨机中,可以提高生产加工效率,降低生产成本,同时客户使用过程中,哪段出现问题,可以更换哪段,极大降低维护使用成本;
4、本发明是将一个筒体分割成四段,干压成型结合等静压成型,烧结好后进行磨加工,检验合格后进行统一安装,目前常规生产使用的设备完全可以满足加工要求,极大提高成品率,降低生产成本,而如果直接做1200mm高的研磨桶,所有设备都需要重新购置,极大增加机加工难度和生产成本。
具体实施方式
实施例1、制备规格为300mm(外径)*282mm(内径)*1200(高)mm无压烧结制备碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,将该内衬分成4段进行加工;依次进行以下步骤:
1)、混料:
在95份碳化硅(D50=0.5μm)中加入作为烧结助剂的纳米碳黑(D50=30nm)3份和B4C(D50=1.0μm)2份,以此为主料,然后依次加入50份去离子水作为溶剂,聚乙烯醇水溶液5份(聚乙烯醇的质量浓度为10%)作为粘结剂,水溶性石蜡乳液(固含量30%)3份作为润滑剂,在球磨机中搅拌均匀成水基料浆;
2)、喷雾造粒:
将步骤1)所得水基料浆进行喷雾造粒,进口温度控制在250℃,出口温度控制在120℃,雾化盘转速为10000r/min,制备所得的喷雾造粒粉水分控制在1.0%(质量%),然后在室温条件下密封陈腐5天备用;
3)、素坯成型:
根据产品图纸尺寸,将该高度为1200mm研磨桶,平均分为4段,每段高度为300mm,即,每段研磨桶尺寸规格为300mm(外径)*282mm(内径)*300(高)mm,根据产品的收缩比与留有加工余量,控制压制素坯的尺寸为365mm(外径)*335mm(内径)*363(高)mm,选用配套的钢模具,将步骤2)所得的陈腐后粉料装入模具中,在1000吨的四柱液压机下干压成型,压力为20MPa,保压时间为100s,将压制好的素坯用柔性塑料袋包裹好,放入冷等静压机进行等静压处理,压力为200Mpa,保压时间15min,从而得到致密、结构均匀的素坯。
4)、预烧(排蜡):
将步骤3)所得的素坯放入真空排蜡炉中预烧,预烧温度为800℃,保温4h。
5)、素坯车制:
严格按照图纸对预烧后的素坯进行车制,公差范围在0.2mm以内,磨加工余量0.6mm。
6)、烧结:
将加工好的素坯装入真空烧结炉中,充入氩气保护,在2100℃内进行烧结,保温1h。将烧结好的样品用排水法检测密度,密度为3.12g/cm3,密度符合要求,然后进行磨削加工;
7)、磨削加工:
将烧结好的制品,在大型数控平面磨上先进行端面磨加工,控制每段研磨桶高度为300±0.1mm,然后在数控双面上进行两端面抛光,保证端面的光洁度≤0.2μm;然后在大型内圆磨上用三爪抓住工件一端,将百分表的表头压在研磨桶内圆上,然后转动研磨桶,观察表上指针的变化,调整研磨桶控制表的跳动在±0.05mm以内即可,然后开始磨加工内圆,中途用千分表进行检验校正,内圆磨加工至282±0.1mm,保证内圆基于端面的垂直度≤20μm;然后制作芯棒,将芯棒套在内圆上,然后在大型外圆磨上进行外圆磨加工,用千分表进行同轴度的检验,控制表的跳动在±0.05mm以内即可,然后外圆尺寸加工至300±0.1mm,将加工好的研磨桶用超声波清新干净吹干,然后在三坐标检测仪上进行内外圆尺寸、同轴度、平行度、平面度的检测,符合图纸要求为合格品。
8)、性能检测
按上述步骤所得无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷研磨桶,肉眼检验内圆表面没有气孔,排水法检测体积密度3.14g/cm3,检测洛氏硬度(HRA)92.5。
实施例2、将实施例1步骤1)中的“纳米碳黑(D50=30nm)”改为“胶体石墨(D50=0.3μm)”,其余等同于实施例1;其性能检测结果为:排水法检测体积密度为3.08g/cm3,洛氏硬度(HRA)90。
实施例3、将实施例1步骤1)中的“B4C(D50=1.0μm)2份”改为“B4C(D50=3.0μm)2份”其余等同于实施例1;其性能检测结果为:排水法检测体积密度为3.12g/cm3,洛氏硬度(HRA)91。
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的若干个具体实施例。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
1)、混料:
在95~98份碳化硅微粉中加入1~4份碳源和1~4份B4C作为烧结助剂,以此为主料,然后依次加入40~60份去离子水,5~10份质量浓度为8~12%的水溶性高分子粘结剂溶液,2~6份润滑剂,均匀搅拌成水基料浆;
以上份均指重量份;
2)、喷雾造粒:
将步骤1)所得水基料浆进行喷雾造粒,控制进口温度为200~350℃,出口温度为100~180℃,制备所得的喷雾造粒粉于室温环境下密封陈腐3~10天,得陈腐后粉料;
3)、素坯成型:
将步骤2)所得的陈腐后粉料装入模具中,先进行干压成型,然后再进行等静压处理,从而获得素坯;
4)、预烧排蜡:
将步骤3)所得的素坯放入真空排蜡炉中,在600~900℃的温度下保温预烧2~5h小时;
5)、素坯车制:
将步骤4)所得的预烧后素坯车制成所需形状;
6)、烧结:
将步骤5)所得的素坯放入真空烧结炉中,在惰性气体的保护下,于2080~2200℃的温度保温0.5~1.5h;
烧结所得物经磨削加工,得陶瓷内衬。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,其特征是:
所述碳化硅微粉D50=0.4~0.8μm;
所述碳源为炭黑、胶体石墨;
所述水溶性高分子粘结剂为聚乙烯醇、甲基纤维素;
所述润滑剂为甘油、水溶性石蜡乳液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,其特征是:
当制造高度为1200mm研磨桶的内衬,且要求该内衬的外径为300mm、内径为282mm时,
将该内衬分成4段进行加工,控制每段内衬素坯的尺寸为:外径365mm,内径335mm,高363mm;
于1000吨的四柱液压机下干压成型,压力为20MPa,保压时间为100s;然用塑料袋包裹好,放入冷等静压机进行等静压处理,压力为200Mpa,保压时间15min,从而得到素坯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分段式制备无压烧结碳化硅陶瓷内衬的方法,其特征是:
通过磨削加工使所得每段内衬的内圆表面基于端面的垂直度≤20μm,端面的光洁度≤0.2μm。
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