CN105946558B - Reduce the plastic fuel tank manufacture method of ambient temperature effect - Google Patents
Reduce the plastic fuel tank manufacture method of ambient temperature effect Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105946558B CN105946558B CN201610299650.XA CN201610299650A CN105946558B CN 105946558 B CN105946558 B CN 105946558B CN 201610299650 A CN201610299650 A CN 201610299650A CN 105946558 B CN105946558 B CN 105946558B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel tank
- plastic fuel
- supporting rod
- ambient temperature
- manufacture method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/06—Fuel tanks characterised by fuel reserve systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/18—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using several blowing steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7172—Fuel tanks, jerry cans
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03032—Manufacturing of fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03046—Manufacturing of fuel tanks made from more than one layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03032—Manufacturing of fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03059—Fuel tanks with double shells or more
- B60K2015/03065—Fuel tanks with double shells or more with material filled between the walls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
- B60K2015/03421—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling to protect the fuel tank against heat
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of plastic fuel tank manufacture method for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps；1）Raw material is in two panels mouth mold device blanking；2）Preforming tool device is moved on among two moulds；3）After mould half module and preforming tool closure, it is preforming that parison is blown by high pressure；4）Die sinking, preforming tool is removed, while component built-in mechanism is transplanted on designated position among mould by mechanical hand；5）One side end face of supporting rod is connected to the designated position of parison by component built-in mechanism；6）Component built-in mechanism is removed, molding is so that supporting rod is connected to the designated position of opposite side parison again；7）Sub-high pressure blows the final molding for completing hollow box body body again；8）Die sinking, takes out plastic fuel tank.This method produces fuel tank for two-film technique, reduces the influence that environment temperature brings plastic fuel tank, improves security of the plastic fuel tank in hybrid vehicle application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of urea box, relates in particular to a kind of plastic fuel tank manufacture for reducing ambient temperature effect
Method, belongs to fuel tank production method technical field.
Background technology
Due to environment and the needs of the energy, new-energy automobile has obtained the support of various countries worldwide and has greatly developed,
And plug-in hybrid-power automobile (PHEV, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) and extended-range hybrid power vapour
The advantages of car (EREV, electric rang extended vehicle) is due to itself, such as course continuation mileage and operability,
The approval of consumers in general is obtained, all it is researched and developed to this in quickening for each main engine plants.Under normal circumstances, this is two mixed
Power vehicle is closed only to be driven by motor, and the engine long time does not work, this will cause the change of day and night temperature certain
The vapour pressure of fuel oil is influenced in degree.It is some it is special in the case of, the pressure of fuel-steam can reach more than 30kPa.At present,
The fuel-steam of generation is sealed in oil by main engine plants using fuel tank isolation valve (FTIV, fuel tank isolation valve)
In case, the oil vapour prevented constantly enters canister, causes canister saturation or even punctures, pollutes environment.In addition, fired with metal
Fuel tank is compared, and ability of the plastic fuel tank in terms of the resistance to compressive strain of fuel tank is resisted is substantially insufficient.If pressure mistake in fuel tank
Greatly, plastic fuel tank can be caused to rupture, occurred dangerous.Therefore, hybrid vehicle proposes plastic fuel tank higher want
Ask, development difficulty is big.This patent provides a kind of plastic fuel tank structure and its manufacture method for reducing ambient temperature effect, from
And improve security of the plastic fuel tank in hybrid vehicle application.
The content of the invention
The present invention is exactly to be directed to technical problem existing in the prior art, there is provided a kind of plastics for reducing ambient temperature effect
Fuel tank manufacture method, this method produce fuel tank for two-film technique, reduce what environment temperature brought plastic fuel tank
Influence, improve security of the plastic fuel tank in hybrid vehicle application.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows, a kind of plastics fuel oil for reducing ambient temperature effect
Case manufacture method, it is characterised in that the described method comprises the following steps；1）Raw material is in two panels mouth mold device blanking；2）Will in advance into
Type die device is moved on among two moulds；3）After mould half module and preforming tool closure, parison is blown by high pressure
It is preforming；4）Die sinking, preforming tool is removed, while component built-in mechanism is transplanted on specific bit among mould by mechanical hand
Put；5）One side end face of supporting rod is connected to the designated position of parison by component built-in mechanism；6）Component built-in mechanism is removed, again
Molding is so that supporting rod is connected to the designated position of opposite side parison；7）Again sub-high pressure blow complete hollow box body body it is final into
Type；8）Die sinking, takes out plastic fuel tank.
As a modification of the present invention, the step 5）Phase-change material is filled in the supporting rod.Usual phase-change material
To load more than the 1/2 of supporting rod internal capacity, a diameter of 30-50mm of supporting rod.
As a modification of the present invention, the phase-change material is solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase-change material, solid-solid
One kind in phase-change material, solid-gas phase-change material.
As a modification of the present invention, the only supporting rod is arranged to cylinder either Pear-Shaped or arc.
As a modification of the present invention, the supporting rod both ends are arranged to plane or are provided with point structure.
As a modification of the present invention, the material at the supporting rod both ends is high for high density polyethylene (HDPE) or fiber reinforcement
Density polyethylene, the material of the supporting rod intermediate cylinder is PE either PA or PBT or PPA or PPS or PEEK.For
Accelerate heat transfer of the fuel oil to phase-change material in supporting rod, supporting needs a small amount of filler increase thermal conductivity factor in bar material.
As a modification of the present invention, the thickness of the cylinder is at least 3mm.The quantity of the supporting rod is at least one
It is a.The quantity of supporting rod needs to be calculated according to factors such as fuel tank size, fuel oil temperature control ranges.Position needs root
Arranged according to CAE simulations.
It is as follows relative to the prior art, advantages of the present invention：The technical solution make use of phase-change material in temperature-rise period
Heat is absorbed, this principle of release heat in temperature-fall period, there is provided a kind of plastic fuel tank for reducing ambient temperature effect
Manufacture method, phase-change material is fitted into a kind of special hollow-core construction (such as hollow support rails), then by welding or
Welding is connected to special hollow-core construction the upper lower wall of plastic fuel tank, so that when ambient temperature raises, phase transformation material
Material absorbs heat, prevents that fuel oil temperature is excessive and produces high fuel-steam pressure.When ambient temperature reduces, phase transformation material
Material releases heat, prevents that fuel oil temperature is too low and produces low fuel-steam pressure；According to result of calculation or analog result come
To the quality and the position of placement needed using phase-change material.The fusing point of solid-liquid phase change material should be in the diurnal temperature highest temperature
Below degree, preferably between 20 ~ 30 DEG C, solidification point should be more than diurnal temperature minimum temperature, preferably between 20 ~ 30 DEG C.
The shape of special hollow-core construction can be hollow support rails, and supporting rod can select any shape, preferably cylindric.Phase-change material
The change of density when the quality of hollow support rails needs to consider phase transformation, i.e., be not full of whole hollow cylinder in phase-change material
Inside is, it is necessary to reserved enough volume change spaces.Hollow support rails both ends can be plane-welding to lower wall on fuel tank, also may be used
To select point structure, lower wall on fuel tank is fused to, the quantity of point should be calculated according to the size of required pulling capacity, best
More than 200, prioritizing selection point structure, in plastic automotive fuel tank two panels forming process, is fused to hollow support rails
Upper lower wall.The selection of hollow support rails both ends material must mutually be melted with fuel tank bulk material, preferably high density polyethylene (HDPE)
(HDPE), the materials such as fiber reinforcement high density polyethylene (HDPE) can also be selected.Macromolecule any material can be selected as hollow branch
The cylindrical material of strut, such as PE, PA, PBT, PPA, PPS, PEEK., if cylindrical material uses the material in addition to PE
Both ends of the surface are carried out with parcel HDPE, could be so attached with the upper lower wall of fuel tank.The wall thickness of cylinder should be according to drawing
Nominal volume needed for the needs and fuel tank of power is calculated jointly, preferably in more than 3mm.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is supporting rod heat absorption, heat release schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is support boom end point structure diagram.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention and understanding, the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description into one
Step description and introduction.
Embodiment 1：Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of plastic fuel tank manufacture method for reducing ambient temperature effect, the described method includes
Following steps；1）Raw material is in two panels mouth mold device blanking；2）Preforming tool device is moved on among two moulds；3）In mould
Has half module with after preforming tool closure, it is preforming to blow parison by high pressure；4）Die sinking, preforming tool is removed, together
When mechanical hand component built-in mechanism is transplanted on designated position among mould；5）Component built-in mechanism connects one side end face of supporting rod
It is connected to the designated position of parison；6）Component built-in mechanism is removed, molding is so that supporting rod is connected to the finger of opposite side parison again
Positioning is put；7）Sub-high pressure blows the final molding for completing hollow box body body again；8）Die sinking, takes out plastic fuel tank, the step
5）Phase-change material is filled in middle supporting rod, the phase-change material is solid-liquid phase change material, liquid-gas phase-change material, solid-solid phase-change
One kind in material, solid-gas phase-change material, the supporting rod are arranged to cylinder either Pear-Shaped or arc, the support
Bar both ends are arranged to plane or are provided with point structure.The material at the supporting rod both ends is high density polyethylene (HDPE) or fiber
Strengthen high density polyethylene (HDPE), the material of the supporting rod intermediate cylinder for PE either PA or PBT or PPA or PPS or
PEEK。
The thickness of the cylinder is at least 3mm.For loading phase-change material, in addition one of effect of hollow support rails is
One effect is the ability for the renitency change for improving fuel tank, further improves the security of plastic fuel tank.Work as plastics
When being positive pressure inside fuel tank, prevent that fuel tank is swollen with the power of fuel tank welding generation by two end flange faces of hollow support rails
It is swollen；When being negative pressure inside plastic fuel tank, it is flat to prevent that fuel tank from inhaling by the column structure of hollow support rails.This patent pass through by
Phase-change material is put into special hollow-core construction, then the upper and lower of fuel tank is welded or be fused to special hollow-core construction
Between wall.When environment temperature raises, phase-change material absorbs heat, prevents the rise of fuel oil temperature in fuel tank；When environment temperature
When degree reduces, phase-change material release heat, prevents the reduction of fuel oil temperature in fuel tank, so as to form Low Temperature Difference plastics；Phase transformation
Material is put into special hollow-core construction, and is connected to the upper lower wall of fuel tank, is inhaled using phase-change material when temperature raises
Heat is received, discharges heat when temperature reduces, so that reducing fuel oil temperature in fuel tank, with the change of ambient temperature, improves plastics
Application of the fuel tank in hybrid vehicle.In addition, special connection structure, such as hollow support rails, also can be in certain journey
The measuring body ability of plastic fuel tank is improved on degree.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment, is not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention, in above-mentioned technical proposal
On the basis of made equivalents or replacement each fall within the scope that the claims in the present invention are protected.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of plastic fuel tank manufacture method for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that the described method includes following step
Suddenly；1）Raw material is in two panels mouth mold device blanking；2）Preforming tool device is moved on among two moulds；3）Mould half module with
After preforming tool closure, it is preforming that parison is blown by high pressure；4）Die sinking, preforming tool is removed, while mechanical hand
Component built-in mechanism is transplanted on designated position among mould；5）One side end face of supporting rod is connected to parison by component built-in mechanism
Designated position, the step 5）Phase-change material is filled in the supporting rod；6）Component built-in mechanism is removed, molding again causes
Supporting rod is connected to the designated position of opposite side parison；7）Sub-high pressure blows the final molding for completing hollow box body body again；8）Open
Mould, takes out plastic fuel tank.
2. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 1 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that described
Phase-change material is solid-liquid phase change material, one kind in liquid-gas phase-change material, solid-solid phase transition material, solid-gas phase-change material.
3. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 2 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that support
Bar is arranged to cylinder either Pear-Shaped or arc.
4. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 3 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that described
Supporting rod both ends are arranged to plane or are provided with point structure.
5. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 4 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that described
The material at supporting rod both ends is high density polyethylene (HDPE) or fiber reinforcement high density polyethylene (HDPE), the material of the supporting rod intermediate cylinder
Expect for PE either PA or PBT or PPA or PPS or PEEK.
6. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 5 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that described
The thickness of cylinder is at least 3mm.
7. the plastic fuel tank manufacture method according to claim 6 for reducing ambient temperature effect, it is characterised in that described
The quantity of supporting rod is at least one.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610222931 | 2016-04-12 | ||
| CN2016102229315 | 2016-04-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105946558A CN105946558A (en) | 2016-09-21 |
| CN105946558B true CN105946558B (en) | 2018-05-15 |
Family
ID=56914422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610299650.XA Active CN105946558B (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-05-09 | Reduce the plastic fuel tank manufacture method of ambient temperature effect |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105946558B (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5227084B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2013-07-03 | 愛三工業株式会社 | Granulated heat storage material and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP2402198A1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-04 | Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Société Anonyme) | Plastic fuel tank with increased deformation stability |
| US9027781B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2015-05-12 | Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Sociate Anonyme) | Fuel tank with improved mechanical resistance |
| EP2511068A1 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2012-10-17 | Inergy Automotive Systems Research (Société Anonyme) | Process for manufacturing a plastic fuel tank |
| DE102012008394A1 (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-31 | Kautex Textron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Extruded blow molded thermoplastic fuel tank and method of making the same |
| CN203023152U (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-06-26 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | Heat-absorbing energy-storing hydraulic oil tank |
-
2016
- 2016-05-09 CN CN201610299650.XA patent/CN105946558B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105946558A (en) | 2016-09-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9022246B2 (en) | Gas storage pressure vessel comprising phase changing material | |
| EP2002170B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing an inner liner for a storage tank | |
| JP5026265B2 (en) | How to connect accessories to a plastic fuel tank | |
| CN105437955B (en) | A kind of nonmetallic explosion-proof ball | |
| CN105377528A (en) | Method for producing a fuel tank or filler pipe and use thereof in a hybrid vehicle | |
| CN105539125A (en) | Hollow box body inside reinforcing assembly and hollow box body production method | |
| CN104477027A (en) | Rigid connection device for connecting upper and lower surfaces in fuel tank and production method of fuel tank | |
| JP6720898B2 (en) | High pressure tank | |
| WO2010142593A1 (en) | Fuel tank or filler pipe for this tank | |
| ITTO20130837A1 (en) | FUEL TANK FOR A VEHICLE WITH IMPROVED COMBUSTION RESISTANCE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURING | |
| US8657146B2 (en) | Optimized high pressure vessel | |
| CN205951708U (en) | Prevent additional strengthening of oil tank deformation | |
| CN105946558B (en) | Reduce the plastic fuel tank manufacture method of ambient temperature effect | |
| CN106794618A (en) | Pressure vessel and for produce include the equipment and technique of the pressure vessel blank of at least one connecting element | |
| US20170184133A1 (en) | Method for manufacturing a pressure accumulator | |
| US9381804B2 (en) | Pressure tank system for a motor vehicle | |
| Li et al. | Small-Scale High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage Vessels: A Review | |
| CN205752273U (en) | A kind of explosion-proof directional pressure venting type battery case | |
| CN207687661U (en) | A kind of 70MPa can autonomous temperature control high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder | |
| CN104033601B (en) | Can end and tank body | |
| Wu et al. | Research on fast filling strategy of large capacity on-board hydrogen storage tank for highway passenger cars | |
| CN210212032U (en) | Storage tank provided with reinforcing component | |
| Kim et al. | Study on the structural safety evaluation for pressure vessel of the CNG vehicle using FEM | |
| CN110925590A (en) | High-pressure gas cylinder for vehicle | |
| CN110254214A (en) | A kind of welded plastic fuel tank of New type ventilating mouth |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Sun Yan Inventor after: Jiang Lin Inventor after: Liu Liang Inventor after: Zhu Zhiyong Inventor after: Xue Qing Inventor after: Su Weidong Inventor before: Sun Yan Inventor before: Jiang Lin Inventor before: Liu Liang Inventor before: Zhu Zhiyong Inventor before: Weng Yiming |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |