CN105945284A - Method and device for laser 3D printing of metal workpiece - Google Patents

Method and device for laser 3D printing of metal workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105945284A
CN105945284A CN201610556098.8A CN201610556098A CN105945284A CN 105945284 A CN105945284 A CN 105945284A CN 201610556098 A CN201610556098 A CN 201610556098A CN 105945284 A CN105945284 A CN 105945284A
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China
Prior art keywords
laser
pulse width
metal
metal works
printing
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CN201610556098.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105945284B (en
Inventor
张�杰
秦国双
杨焕
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Changzhou Yingwei Laser Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Inno Laser Technology Co ltd
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Changzhou Yingwei Laser Technology Co ltd
Shenzhen Inno Laser Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN201610556098.8A priority Critical patent/CN105945284B/en
Publication of CN105945284A publication Critical patent/CN105945284A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B22F12/43—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam pulsed; frequency modulated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and device for laser 3D printing of a metal workpiece. The method comprises a planning step and a printing step. In the planning step, a laser scanning path is generated. In the printing step, metal powder is laid, the laser frequency and the pulse width for light emitting[0] are adjusted by carrying out adjusting according to the melting point of materials and the thickness of a printing layer and/or accepting real-time user operation, the laid metal powder is scanned according to the scanning path, sintering and forming treatment is conducted, and the corresponding metal workpiece is formed through gradual stacking. According to the embodiment, in the process of laser 3D printing of the metal workpiece, the laser frequency and the pulse width are changed to control the sintering degree of the metal powder and finish forming treatment on the sintered metal powder, the situations of holes, overburning and the balling phenomenon in the printing process are improved, and the density of the metal workpiece is improved.

Description

Laser 3D prints the method and device of metal works
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of laser processing, particularly relate to a kind of method that laser 3D prints metal works And device.
Background technology
3D printing technique, is a kind of based on mathematical model file, and utilization powdery metal or plastics etc. can Jointing material, carrys out the technology of constructed object by the way of successively printing.It is without machining or any mould Tool, just directly can generate the part of any shape from computer graphics data, thus greatly shorten product Lead time, improve productivity ratio and reduce production cost.
Laser sintering technology utilizes dusty material principle of sintering under laser irradiates, computer control layer by layer Heap forms type.Laser sintering technology can use dusty materials much more very, and makes the finished product of corresponding material, Laser sintered finished product accuracy is good, intensity is high, but topmost advantage is still the making of final metal product. Laser sintered can be with direct sintering metal parts, it is also possible to indirect sintering metal parts, the intensity of final finished It is far superior to other 3D printing techniques.
But, conventional metals 3D prints workpiece and there is the biggest defect in performance unloading, and mainly shows Belonging to stacked in multi-layers owing to laser 3D prints, print procedure there will be hole, burn-off phenomenon and ball Change phenomenon, so causing the metal works consistency being printed as low.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is, it is provided that a kind of laser 3D prints metal works Method and device, improves laser 3D and prints the consistency of metal works.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of laser 3D and prints metal works Method, including:
Planning step: generate the scanning pattern of laser；And
Printing step: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/or Accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and according to scanning pattern scanning paving If good metal dust, being sintered and forming processes, progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of laser 3D and prints the device of metal works, including:
Planning module: generate the scanning pattern of laser；And
Print module: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/or Accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and according to scanning pattern scanning paving If good metal dust, being sintered and forming processes, progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
The embodiment of the present invention prints the method and device of metal works by proposing a kind of laser 3D, is printing gold The sintering degree of metal dust right is controlled by changing laser frequency and pulse width during metal work-pieces The metal dust completing sintering is shaped processing, and improves metal works and occurs hole, mistake in print procedure Burn and the situation of spherodization, improve the consistency of metal works.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram of the laser 3D printing metal works of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the planning step schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the printing step schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of the laser 3D printing metal works of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the planning module structural representation of the laser 3D printing metal works of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the print module structural representation of the laser 3D printing metal works of the embodiment of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral explanation
Planning step S1
Design sub-step S11
Layering sub-step S12
Coordinates measurement sub-step S13
Printing step S2
Sintering sub-step S21
Molding sub-step S22
Planning module 10
Design submodule 11
Layering submodule 12
Coordinates measurement submodule 13
Print module 20
Sintering submodule 21
Molding submodule 22.
Detailed description of the invention
It should be noted that in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment Can be combined with each other, with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
If directional instruction in the embodiment of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, before and after ...) is only For explaining relative position relation between each parts, motion under a certain particular pose (as shown in drawings) Situations etc., if this particular pose changes, then directionality instruction changes the most therewith.
If it addition, the description relating to " first ", " second " etc. in the present invention is only used for describing purpose, and It is not intended that indicate or imply its relative importance or the implicit quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic. Thus, define " first ", the feature of " second " can express or implicitly include at least one this spy Levy.
Refer to Fig. 1, the laser 3D of the embodiment of the present invention prints the method for metal works and mainly includes planning step Rapid S1 and printing step S2.
Planning step S1: generate the scanning pattern of laser；
Printing step S2: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/ Or accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and scan according to scanning pattern The metal dust laid, is sintered and forming processes, and progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
Refer to Fig. 2, planning step S1 and include again following sub-step:
Design sub-step S11: provide the three-dimensional real of metal works to be printed according to user operation on industrial computer Body Model；
Layering sub-step S12: three-dimensional entity model is carried out slicing delamination, obtains the outline data of each layer；And
Coordinates measurement sub-step S13: generated by outline data and comprise sweeping of fill path to each layer profile Retouch path.
Refer to Fig. 3, printing step S2 includes again following sub-step:
Sintering sub-step S21: use the long pulse width laser of high frequency preset to scan metal dust pair according to scanning pattern Metal dust is sintered；And
Molding sub-step S22: use preset low frequency short pulse duration laser according to scanning pattern to complete sintering gold Belong to powder to be shaped processing.
As a kind of embodiment, the pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in sintering sub-step S21:
d = A x m + B × y n + C ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and C For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
The embodiment of the present invention by use high frequency (300KHz～10MHz) long pulsewidth (＞ 100ns) laser, Utilize heat accumulation between high temperature and the pulse that Laser Transient produces that metal dust is sintered, change metal powder The metallic particles fusing amount at end, thus reduce metal belt viscosity and surface tension so that metallic particles Between cohesive force increase, further increase the consistency of metal works.
As a kind of embodiment, molding sub-step S22 uses the pulse width of equation below regulation laser:
d = A x m + B × y n + P ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and P For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
The embodiment of the present invention is by using low frequency (＜ 300KHz) short pulse duration (＜ 100ns) laser to completing to burn The metal dust of knot is shaped processing, and improves the space that metal works occurs in print procedure further and asks Topic, improves the consistency of metal works.
Refer to Fig. 4, the laser 3D of the embodiment of the present invention prints the device of metal works and specifically includes that
Planning module 10: generate the scanning pattern of laser；And
Print module 20: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/ Or accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and scan according to scanning pattern The metal dust laid, is sintered and forming processes, and progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
Refer to Fig. 5, planning module 10 includes again:
Design submodule 11: the three-dimensional entity model of metal works to be printed is provided according to user operation；
Layering submodule 12: three-dimensional entity model is carried out slicing delamination, obtains the outline data of each layer；And
Coordinates measurement submodule 13: generated by outline data and comprise sweeping of fill path to each layer profile Retouch path.
Refer to Fig. 6, print module 20 includes again:
Sintering submodule 21: use the long pulse width laser of high frequency preset to scan metal dust pair according to scanning pattern Metal dust is sintered；And
Molding submodule 22: use preset low frequency short pulse duration laser according to scanning pattern to complete sintering gold Belong to powder to be shaped processing.
As a kind of embodiment, the pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in sintering submodule 21:
d = A x m + B × y n + C ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and C For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
As a kind of embodiment, the pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in molding submodule 22:
d = A x m + B × y n + P ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and P For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
The operation principle of the embodiment of the present invention is: during laser 3D prints metal works, according to material Fusing point and the thickness adjusted/of corresponding printable layer or regulate by metal powder sintered situation real-time control according to user The frequency of laser and pulse width, frequency and pulse width to laser are adjusted changing metal The energy that powder absorbs, and then change the metallic particles fusing amount of metal dust, thus it is molten to reduce metal Body viscosity and surface tension, increase pool depth and width so that the cohesive force between metallic particles increases, And then improve the consistency of metal works.
It addition, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realize in above-described embodiment method all or part of Flow process, the program that can be by completes to instruct relevant hardware, and described program can be stored in a calculating In machine readable storage medium storing program for executing, this program is upon execution, it may include such as the flow process of the embodiment of above-mentioned each method. Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc, CD, read-only store-memory body (Read-Only Memory, Or random store-memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc. ROM).
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, It is appreciated that and these embodiments can be carried out multiple change without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention Changing, revise, replace and modification, the scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalency range thereof.

Claims (10)

1. the method that a laser 3D prints metal works, it is characterised in that described Method of printing includes:
Planning step: generate the scanning pattern of laser；And
Printing step: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/or Accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and according to scanning pattern scanning paving If good metal dust, being sintered and forming processes, progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
2. the method that laser 3D as claimed in claim 1 prints metal works, it is characterised in that described Printing step includes:
Sintering sub-step: use the long pulse width laser of high frequency preset according to scanning pattern scanning metal dust to gold Belong to powder to be sintered；And
Molding sub-step: use preset low frequency short pulse duration laser according to scanning pattern to complete sintering metal Powder is shaped processing.
3. the method that laser 3D as claimed in claim 2 prints metal works, it is characterised in that described The pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in sintering sub-step:
d = A x m + B × y n + C ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and C For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
4. the method that laser 3D as claimed in claim 2 prints metal works, it is characterised in that described The pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in molding sub-step:
d = A x m + B × y n + P ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and P For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
5. the method that the laser 3D as according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 prints metal works, its feature Being, described planning step includes:
Design sub-step: the three-dimensional entity model of metal works to be printed is provided according to user operation；
Layering sub-step: three-dimensional entity model is carried out slicing delamination, obtains the outline data of each layer；And
Coordinates measurement sub-step: generated the scanning comprising the fill path to each layer profile by outline data Path.
6. the device of a laser 3D printing metal works, it is characterised in that described printing equipment includes:
Planning module: generate the scanning pattern of laser；And
Print module: lay metal dust, regulate according to the thickness of material melting point and corresponding printable layer and/or Accept user's real-time control and go out light to the frequency and pulse width regulating laser, and according to scanning pattern scanning paving If good metal dust, being sintered and forming processes, progressively stacking forms corresponding metal works.
7. laser 3D as claimed in claim 6 prints the device of metal works, it is characterised in that described Print module includes:
Sintering submodule: use the long pulse width laser of high frequency preset according to scanning pattern scanning metal dust to gold Belong to powder to be sintered；And
Molding submodule: use preset low frequency short pulse duration laser according to scanning pattern to complete sintering metal Powder is shaped processing.
8. laser 3D as claimed in claim 7 prints the device of metal works, it is characterised in that described The pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in sintering submodule:
d = A x m + B × y n + C ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and C For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
9. laser 3D as claimed in claim 7 prints the device of metal works, it is characterised in that described The pulse width of employing equation below regulation laser in molding submodule:
d = A x m + B × y n + P ;
Wherein, d is pulse width, and x is material melting point, and y is the thickness of corresponding printable layer, A, B and P For fixed coefficient, m, n are preset constant.
10. the laser 3D as according to any one of claim 6～9 prints the device of metal works, its feature Being, described planning module includes:
Design submodule: the three-dimensional entity model of metal works to be printed is provided according to user operation；
Layering submodule: three-dimensional entity model is carried out slicing delamination, obtains the outline data of each layer；And
Coordinates measurement submodule: generated the scanning comprising the fill path to each layer profile by outline data Path.
CN201610556098.8A 2016-07-14 2016-07-14 The method and device of laser 3D printing metal works Active CN105945284B (en)

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CN106735221A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-05-31 广东工业大学 A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method and device
CN106784043A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 南京理工大学 A kind of quick method for preparing photoelectric device electrode under normal temperature and pressure
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CN106784043A (en) * 2016-12-02 2017-05-31 南京理工大学 A kind of quick method for preparing photoelectric device electrode under normal temperature and pressure
CN106493367A (en) * 2016-12-08 2017-03-15 鑫精合激光科技发展（北京）有限公司 A kind of Laser Scanning for selective laser fusing
CN106825563A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-06-13 南京理工大学 Increasing material manufacturing model treatment system
CN106735221A (en) * 2017-02-24 2017-05-31 广东工业大学 A kind of laser-impact forges metal 3D printing composite manufacturing method and device
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CN107252893A (en) * 2017-06-30 2017-10-17 英诺激光科技股份有限公司 The laser 3D printing method and its system of a kind of metal works
CN109202073A (en) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-15 通用电气公司 System and method for advanced increasing material manufacturing
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