CN105940785B - One plant separates light thin film breaker and breaking method - Google Patents
One plant separates light thin film breaker and breaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105940785B CN105940785B CN201610368554.6A CN201610368554A CN105940785B CN 105940785 B CN105940785 B CN 105940785B CN 201610368554 A CN201610368554 A CN 201610368554A CN 105940785 B CN105940785 B CN 105940785B
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- plant
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- thin film
- roller conveyor
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B43/00—Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
- B02C18/10—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged above container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
- B02C23/30—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone the applied gas acting to effect material separation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
One plant separates light thin film breaker and breaking method, and device includes centrifuge mechanism, roller conveyor structure, broken and pneumatic separator and the Electrostatic Absorption mechanism from top to bottom set gradually." trembling mud " is carried out by centrifuge mechanism first, the mud particles of bulk are separated, then by roller conveyor structure by short grained soil particle by being rolled between roller to be scattered away, secondly the compound of plant and film is crushed with pneumatic separator by broken, and selection by winnowing is carried out according to the characteristics of plant and film proportion difference, tentatively remove the film mixed, depth absorption is carried out to the plant after selection by winnowing finally by Electrostatic Absorption mechanism, removes mixed film again.Apparatus of the present invention efficiently can carry out broken apart to the film that mixes in plant, be particularly suitable for use in and separate and collect mulch film and peanut seedling, low manufacture cost is easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural modernization production field, and in particular to a plant separates light thin film breaker and broken
Broken method, separation mulch film and the collection to peanut seedling can be applied to.
Background technology
With the continuous development of agricultural modernization, rural area turns into the important hand for ensuring agricultural year stable yields using mulch film
Section.But covering with ground sheeting extends with Cultivation time, the residual mulching film rate of recovery is low, and residual-film amount is stepped up in soil, easily causes
Plastic-film pollution.
Covering with ground sheeting is an indispensable ring in agricultural production, and it retain water and nutrients and can extend the growth of crop
Phase, ensure the high yield of agricultural product.Yet with mulch film compared with difficult degradation, also can not voluntarily decompose, its natural degradation cycle is general
Above 200 years, and in its degradation process can also dissolution detrimental soil material.According to statistics, China's mulch film residual quantity
Up to ten thousand tons of thirty or forty, and with further mulch film is used every year, the mulch film remained in soil can continue to increase
Add, this will bring huge hidden danger to the health of agricultural production and the mankind.Harm of the residual mulching film to environment is main
In terms of showing as following four:1st, to the harm of soil environment.Soil permeability is due to free gravity, and water moves to deep subsoil
Phenomenon.Because residual film fragment changes cut-out soil aperture continuity in soil, bulk water is caused to produce larger resistance when moving
Power, bulk water move down more slowly, so that moisture penetration amount is reduced because mulch film residual quantity increases, under soil moisture content
Drop, weakens the drought-resistant ability in arable land, even results under underground water is difficult to and ooze, cause the serious consequences such as Pedotransfer function.
In addition, residual mulching film influences the physical behavior of soil, suppress crop growth.The main component of film material is producing high-molecular
Compound, under field conditions (factors), these high polymers are difficult to decompose, if in prolonged stay ground, can influence the gas permeability of soil, hinder soil
The migration of earth liquid manure, influences soil microbial activity and normal soil texture is formed, and finally reduces soil fertility level, influences agriculture
Growing for crop root, causes crop failure.2nd, to the harm of crops.Because residual film influences and destroyed soil physical chemistry
Character, necessarily cause crop root growth development difficult.All soil with residual film, can prevent root system from ganging up, influence root of the crop
It is normal absorption moisture and nutrient;When being applied fertilizer between Plants, there is the isolation of bulk residual film then every fertilizer, influence fertilizer efficiency, cause under yield
Drop.3rd, to the influence of rural environment landscape.Due to reclaiming the limitation of residual film, not thorough plus processing recovery residual film, method is owed
Appropriate, the residual film partly cleaned out is abandoned in field side, the edge of a field, after strong wind blows, residual film be blown to before family behind the house, field, treetop, influence
Rural environment landscape, cause " visual pollution ".4th, to the harm of livestock.The residual film of outcrop mixes with herbage, cattle and sheep
After eating residual film by mistake, can obstruct esophagus influences digestion, or even dead.In a word, from Plastic-film pollution to environment and crop yield and
The harm of the health of the mankind is, it can be seen that the mulch film amount remained in film-mulching cultivation farmland, mostly close to or up can make
The critical value of crop failure.Therefore, it has been a very urgent and significant job to prevent and treat Plastic-film pollution.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, there is provided plant separation light thin film crushes
Device and breaking method, the broken apart of light thin film can be realized and complete effective collection of plant, prevent mulch film residual from arriving
In soil.
To achieve these goals, plant separation light thin film breaker of the present invention, including from top to bottom set gradually
Centrifuge mechanism, roller conveyor structure, broken with pneumatic separator and Electrostatic Absorption mechanism;Described centrifuge mechanism
Including falling funnelform charging aperture and the centrifugation cylinder that is connected with charging aperture, the bottom centre of charging aperture is by centrifuging motor
Rotation for getting rid of soil particle is installed to grab;Described centrifugation cylinder bottom surface is provided with discharging opening, and roller conveyor structure includes
The roller conveyor being arranged on immediately below centrifugation cylinder;Described broken and pneumatic separator includes being arranged on roller conveyor tail
Cylinder is smashed in end lower section, and the porch for smashing cylinder is provided with by cross frame and smashes motor, is smashed motor and is passed through taper roller
Bearing, which is connected with, smashes knife, smashes a bottom opening and connects selection by winnowing passage;Described selection by winnowing passage end connecting fan, it is another
End connection film blanking bucket;Blanking port is provided with the passage body of the selection by winnowing passage, Electrostatic Absorption mechanism includes and blanking port phase
Adsorption box even and the plant blanking barrel being connected to below adsorption box, described adsorption box include electrostatic attraction board and guide
Leaf is fanned.
Described charging aperture is arranged on the top plate that support by support, centrifuge cylinder be arranged on top plate lower section and with
Charging aperture connects, and centrifuges cylinder inclined bottom surface and sets, bottom surface extreme lower position side offers particle and throws away mouth.
Described centrifugation motor centrifugation rotating speed is 300r/min, and the radius for centrifuging cylinder is 510mm.
The roller conveyor uses tilting roller conveyor.
Described roller conveyor length is 1300mm, and the spacing between roller is 131mm.
Described smashes cylinder as funnel-form, and blade is provided with below described cross frame.
Described guide leaf fan includes the two leaves fan for being arranged on adsorption box top and bottom, and electrostatic attraction board is by adsorption box
Two passages are spaced vertically into, guide leaf fan can carry out swing in adsorption box makes material be fallen along different passages, plant blanking
Cylinder includes three chamber positions, wherein two side chamber positions are used to collect plant, intermediate cavity position is used to after collecting electrostatic attraction board power-off fall
Film.
Plant of the present invention separates light thin film breaking method, comprises the following steps:The first step, using soil particle proportion compared with
The characteristics of big, it is separated by centrifugal action;Second step, short grained soil is removed in rolling process by roller conveyor
Earth particle;3rd step, plant and film crushed in cylinder is smashed;4th step, utilize the film and plant proportion smashed
Difference, film is gone out by selection by winnowing initial gross separation in selection by winnowing passage;5th step, blower fan is separated by electrostatic attraction board after it is thin
Film is adsorbed in adsorption box, and the plant of secondary removal film is collected in plant blanking barrel, so far completes all separation processes.
Compared with prior art, plant separation light thin film breaker of the present invention is compact-sized, passes through centrifugal separator
Structure is carried out " trembling mud " first, i.e., separates the mud particles of bulk, then by roller conveyor structure by short grained soil
Earth particle between roller by being rolled to be scattered away, secondly by broken and mixing of the pneumatic separator to plant and film
Material is crushed, and carries out selection by winnowing according to the characteristics of plant and film proportion difference, tentatively removes the film mixed, finally by
Electrostatic Absorption mechanism carries out depth absorption to the plant after selection by winnowing, removes mixed film again.Apparatus of the present invention can be high
Effect ground is broken apart to the film progress mixed in plant, is particularly suitable for use in and separates and collects mulch film and peanut seedling, low manufacture cost,
It is easy to operate.
Further, the present invention centrifuges cylinder inclined bottom surface and set, and bottom surface extreme lower position side offers particle and thrown away
Mouthful, the mud particles that can so make to throw away are flowed out one by one along outer barrel along incline direction.
Further, the present invention uses tilting roller conveyor, it is not necessary to external offer power, with regard to transport can be reached
Effect.
Further, the present invention is smashed and is provided with blade below the cross frame of cylinder, and the blade can be carried out with smashing knife
Coordinate, form the effect of shearing so that broken more Labor-saving high-efficiency.
Further, Electrostatic Absorption mechanism of the present invention is carried out adsorption box space by electrostatic attraction board and guide leaf fan
Separate, plant blanking barrel includes three chamber positions, wherein two side chamber positions are used to collect plant, intermediate cavity position is used to collect Electrostatic Absorption
The film fallen after plate power-off, so ensures separating effect, further improves the degree of purity for being collected into plant.
Compared with prior art, plant of the present invention separates light thin film breaking method first by centrifuging and vibrating to soil
Particle carries out multiple removal, is crushed the plant for being contaminated with film jointly after removing soil particle, makes film and plant
Compound becomes segment, then again by selection by winnowing by the lighter film initial gross separation of proportion, finally passes through Electrostatic Absorption depth again
The film mixed in cleaning plant.The inventive method can thoroughly, be efficiently separated soil particle and residual film, letter
Easy row.
Brief description of the drawings
The overall structure diagram of Fig. 1 plant separation light thin film breakers of the present invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 2 centrifuge mechanisms of the present invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 3 roller conveyor structures of the present invention;
The broken structural representation with pneumatic separator of Fig. 4 present invention;
The structural representation of Fig. 5 Electrostatic Absorption mechanisms of the present invention;
Fig. 6 blanking principle schematics of the present invention;
In accompanying drawing:1. charging aperture;2. centrifuge motor;3. top plate;4. support;5. roller conveyor;6. smash motor;7. dozen
Broken cylinder;8. selection by winnowing passage;9. blower fan;10. plant blanking barrel;11. electrostatic attraction board;12. film blanking bucket;13. centrifuge
Cylinder;14. guide leaf is fanned.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to Fig. 1, plant separation light thin film breaker of the present invention includes the centrifugation from top to bottom set gradually
Mechanism, roller conveyor structure, broken and pneumatic separator and Electrostatic Absorption mechanism;Centrifuge mechanism include it is funnelform enter
Material mouth 1 and the centrifugation cylinder 13 being connected with charging aperture 1, the bottom centre of charging aperture 1 is installed for getting rid of by centrifuging motor 2
The rotation for falling soil particle is grabbed;Centrifuge the bottom surface of cylinder 13 and be provided with discharging opening, roller conveyor structure includes being arranged on centrifugation
Roller conveyor 5 immediately below cylinder 13;It is broken to include being arranged on below the tail end of roller conveyor 5 with pneumatic separator smashing cylinder 7,
The porch for smashing cylinder 7 is provided with by cross frame and smashes motor 6, is smashed motor 6 and is connected with by taper roll bearing and is beaten
Broken knife, smash the bottom opening of cylinder 7 and connect selection by winnowing passage 8;One end connecting fan 9 of selection by winnowing passage 8, other end connection film blanking
Bucket 12;Blanking port is provided with the passage body of selection by winnowing passage 8, Electrostatic Absorption mechanism includes adsorption box and the company being connected with blanking port
The plant blanking barrel 10 being connected on below adsorption box, adsorption box include electrostatic attraction board 11 and guide leaf fan 14.
Reference picture 2, centrifuge mechanism utilize centrifugal force, and the heavier soil particle of bulk is thrown away from charging basket, with up to
To the effect of separation soil, and the compound after separation can be sent into next mechanism.In order to reach this purpose, in this part
Design be:Rotated with moving axis using motor 2 is centrifuged, grabbed on axle with bolt equipped with four rotations, rotation is grabbed to be risen when rotated
To " trembling mud " and the effect of centrifugation, the soil particle thrown away is thrown away by the circle " fence post " centrifuged on cylinder 13, and compared with
Long peanut seedling then will not therefrom be thrown away, so can have the function that the larger heavier soil particle of separation.
There is a rectangular top plate 3 in the upper end for entirely centrifuging cylinder 13, the hole of a hedge rail post be provided with top plate 3,
There is the circular ring type hole corresponding with top plate 3 above below, passed through with " fence post " obtained by the screwed axle in both ends, both ends
Connected with nut.Tubular is rolled into galvanized iron sheet, bottom is cut into gradient, bottom surface extreme lower position side offers particle and throws away mouth,
Particle throws away mouth to be square, and inclined purpose is that the larger mud particles for enabling to throw away flow out along incline direction, and particle is got rid of
Outlet causes mud particles to be excluded along this mouth, and is arranged on screw outside a collar aperture of flat board, as centrifugation outer barrel so that throw away
Mud particles along outer barrel and under.Tubular equally is rolled into galvanized iron sheet on annulus, with mode connects for screw on annulus, as interior
Bucket, the main function of interior bucket are will to throw away the material after mud particles to fall, and are sent into roller conveyor 5.The mud particles thrown away are suitable
Centrifuge outer barrel and fall, using the oval iron sheet that panel beating one is oblique between outer barrel and inner barr is centrifuged, centre cuts one and inner cylinder
Size identical hole, it is connected using the method for welding with centrifugation outer barrel, centrifugation inner cylinder.On the collar aperture corner of rectangle top plate 3
The side's of being connected with foot support, for as leg.Which achieves the centrifugation function of the first step, and the soil thrown away is smooth
Discharge.
This step main design parameters are as follows:Centrifugation rotating speed is 300r/min, the radius of centrifugation outer barrel is 510mm.
Reference picture 3, using the conveying of roller conveyor structure, on the one hand play a part of transmitting material, on the other hand utilize
Gap between roller so that the mud particles that last step is not thrown away further are scattered, the length of general peanut seedling 30~
40 centimetres, mulch film and peanut seedling tied up in knots, so peanut seedling will not be scattered between roller, play separation mud particles
Effect.
From tilting roller conveyor, the benefit of tilting is not need external offer power, with regard to that can reach transport
Effect.
This step main design parameters are as follows:The height of roller conveyor is 1500mm, roller conveyor length is
The distance between 1300mm, roller are 131mm.
Reference picture 4, the main purpose of crushing mechanism are together to smash peanut seedling with the mulch film being wherein mixed with, and are broken into small
Section shape, then by pneumatic separator by ground UF membrane." tubbiness " and " funnel-form " formation, which is rolled into, using iron plate cutting smashes cylinder 7,
The lower section of cylinder 7 connection selection by winnowing passage 8 is smashed, it is using welding technique that they are welded together, it is connected with ten above cylinder 7 smashing
Word support, the main purpose of cross frame are to lay bearing block and motor.With four average marks between bearing block and cross frame
The bolt connection of cloth, smash motor 6 and be placed on bearing block, be connected between them, knife is welded with below cross frame
Sword, in order to it is cooperating therewith when smashing swivel and moving, play a part of " scissors ", and then the purpose smashed.
Taper roll bearing be housed among bearing block, is mainly the reason for selection taper roll bearing:First, taper roller
Bearing can bear bidirectional load, can bear radial load, and and can bears power vertically;Second, taper roll bearing is inside and outside
Circle height is not concordant, and non-rotary outer ring can be withstood on bearing block, and the inner ring rotated together with motor shaft can be withstood on " smashing knife "
On, and on adjacent axle." smashing knife " is withstood on bearing inner race, and plays shear action with " blade " when rotated, by peanut seedling and
Residual mulching film is smashed.It is tapped below the motor shaft for smashing motor 6, and nut is screwed with, the main function of nut is in axle
To being fixed, and ensure that " smashing knife " coordinates with " blade " and sheared.
The peanut seedling and residual mulching film that selection by winnowing structure is smashed previous step by the wind-force of blower fan 9 are separated.Utilize flower
Raw seedling and ground it is intermembranous density it is different, under the blowing of blower fan, mulch film can be blown winged farther than peanut seedling.
Referring to Fig. 5, Electrostatic Absorption mechanism is adsorbed using electrostatic attraction board 11 to the mulch film smashed, and mulch film absorption is existed
On electrostatic attraction board 11, after power-off, the mulch film adsorbed on electrostatic attraction board 11 will voluntarily fall into the material mouth of recovery mulch film
In.It and peanut seedling will not then be adsorbed by electrostatic, can smoothly enter the plant blanking barrel 10 finally collected, further realize and divide
From.
Referring to Fig. 6, the peanut seedling after blower fan separates falls from direction as depicted, upper and lower two guide leaves fan 14
Can be swung under the drive of relay switch to from left to right, position as depicted is relay switch in I position, now on lead
Leaf fan is expected in right positions, and lower guide leaf is fanned in leftward position, and when relay switch is beaten in II position, upper guide leaf fan is on a left side
Side, lower guide leaf fan is on right side.Plant blanking barrel 10 includes three chamber positions, and the purpose of this design is when relay switch is in I position
When, being mixed with the peanut seedling of mulch film can enter from left chamber, and after the electrostatic attraction board absorption by left chamber, the peanut seedling smashed falls into figure
Show left side cavity position, when relay switch is in II position, upper guide leaf fan in leftward position, fan in right positions by lower guide leaf, this
When be mixed with the peanut seedling of mulch film and fallen into by the absorption of right chamber electrostatic attraction board in right-side cavity position.Meanwhile relay switch and electrostatic
The circuit of adsorption plate 11 is connected, and when relay switch is in I position, the now electrostatic attraction board power-off of right chamber, now right chamber is inhaled
Attached mulch film can be fallen because of dead electricity, then in falling into the chamber position of centre;When relay switch is in II position, now left chamber
Electrostatic attraction board dead electricity, then left chamber electrostatic attraction board is adsorbed mulch film can fall because of dead electricity, also enter the chamber of centre
In position.
A part of mulch film being finally recovered out enters in film blanking bucket 12, in plant blanking barrel 10, middle chamber position
And mulch film, the chamber position on both sides are the peanut seedlings isolated, the purpose of separation peanut seedling and mulch film has been finally reached.
Claims (6)
1. a plant separates light thin film breaker, it is characterised in that:Including the centrifugation from top to bottom set gradually
Mechanism, roller conveyor structure, broken and pneumatic separator and Electrostatic Absorption mechanism;Described centrifuge mechanism includes funnel
The charging aperture (1) of shape and the centrifugation cylinder (13) being connected with charging aperture (1), the bottom centre of charging aperture (1) pass through centrifugation
The rotation that motor (2) installs for getting rid of soil particle is grabbed;Described centrifugation cylinder (13) bottom surface is provided with discharging opening, and roller is defeated
Mechanism is sent to include being arranged on the roller conveyor (5) centrifuged immediately below cylinder (13);Described crushing includes with pneumatic separator
It is arranged on below roller conveyor (5) tail end and smashes cylinder (7), smashes the porch of cylinder (7) and be provided with by cross frame and beaten
Broken motor (6), smash motor (6) and be connected with by taper roll bearing and smash knife, smash cylinder (7) bottom opening and connect selection by winnowing
Passage (8);Described selection by winnowing passage (8) one end connecting fan (9), other end connection film blanking bucket (12);The selection by winnowing is led to
Blanking port is provided with the passage body in road (8), Electrostatic Absorption mechanism includes the adsorption box being connected with blanking port and is connected to absorption
Plant blanking barrel (10) below case, described adsorption box include electrostatic attraction board (11) and guide leaf fan (14);
Described charging aperture (1) is arranged on the top plate (3) that support by support (4), is centrifuged cylinder (13) and is arranged on top
Connected below plate (3) and with charging aperture (1), centrifuge cylinder (13) inclined bottom surface and set, bottom surface extreme lower position side offers
Particle throws away mouth;Described guide leaf fan (14) includes the two leaves fan for being arranged on adsorption box top and bottom, electrostatic attraction board
(11) adsorption box is spaced vertically into two passages, guide leaf fan (14) can carry out swing in adsorption box makes material lead to along different
Road falls, and plant blanking barrel (10) includes three chamber positions, wherein two side chamber positions are used to collect plant, intermediate cavity position is quiet for collecting
The film fallen after Electro Sorb plate (11) power-off.
2. plant according to claim 1 separates light thin film breaker, it is characterised in that:Described centrifugation motor
(2) it is 300r/min to centrifuge rotating speed, and the radius for centrifuging cylinder (13) is 510mm.
3. plant according to claim 1 separates light thin film breaker, it is characterised in that:The roller conveyor
(5) tilting roller conveyor is used.
4. the plant separation light thin film breaker according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that:Described roller is defeated
It is 1300mm to send machine (5) length, and the spacing between roller is 131mm.
5. plant according to claim 1 separates light thin film breaker, it is characterised in that:Described smashes cylinder (7)
To fall funnel-form, blade is provided with below described cross frame.
6. a kind of plant separation light thin film breaking method of the separation light thin film breaker of plant as claimed in claim 1,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps:The first step, using soil particle proportion it is larger the characteristics of, by centrifugal action to its point
From;Second step, short grained soil particle removed in rolling process by roller conveyor (5);3rd step, by plant with it is thin
Film is crushed in cylinder (7) is smashed;It is 4th step, different from plant proportion using the film smashed, lead in selection by winnowing passage (8)
Cross selection by winnowing initial gross separation and go out film;5th step, blower fan is separated by electrostatic attraction board (11) after film adsorb in adsorption box
It is interior, the secondary plant for removing film is collected in plant blanking barrel (10), so far completes all separation processes.
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CN105269714A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所 | Device for separating waste mulching films from impurities |
CN205755318U (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-12-07 | 长安大学 | One plant separation light thin film breaker |
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