CN105937477B - 一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电*** - Google Patents
一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,包括微电网直流母线、交流母线、***控制器、光伏发电子***、DC‑DC控制器、电容开关组、超级电容组、储能蓄电池组、双向DC‑DC控制器、风力发电子***、AC‑DC控制器、DC‑AC控制器、水泵开关组、水泵机组、切换开关组、可逆水轮机组、投入开关组、发电机组、水轮机组、升压站和大电网。其中风力发电子***和光伏发电子***都可最大功率运行控制,保证最大能量获取,而不考虑***功率平衡及电能质量,控制超级电容器组的投入组数对微电网直流母线电压进行平滑,保持总线电压稳定。可忽略风电、光伏带来的电能质量问题,提高可再生能源发电利用率及向大电网提供可靠、可控、稳定的电能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新能源风力发电及光伏发电微电网综合利用的技术领域,涉及风力及光伏发电高效平稳的电能应用,具体涉及一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***。
背景技术
随着风力发电机组容量的不断扩大,风电间歇性特性造成大部分风电机组不能并网,风电机组的利用效率不高,光伏发电容量也不断增大。风光发电特性使得其电能不能很好的接入大电网中。国内很多单位和个人都在研究怎样高效平稳利用风光新能源。安徽工程大学的老师提出了自适应风光互补采暖***。例如一些专家提出了水风光和生物质多能集成互补发电方法及装置(中国专利申请,申请号:201110201589.8),该申请侧重点在于:以水能为主体,充分利用水电站特有的山谷风,就地利用太阳能、生物质能及其他能相对集中的可再生能源,将它们聚集在水电站周围,组成以水电为中心,水风光和生物质等多能集成互补发电***。一种小水电集群的地区电网风光水气发电互补控制方法(中国专利申请,申请号:201510291179.5),该专利的核心是采用调节小水电群有功功率输出对并网的风电进行功率平衡。一种混合风光互补抽水蓄能***及其控制方法(中国专利申请,申请号:201110300964.4),该专利核心是:传统风光互补***储能装置——蓄电池组用抽水蓄能发电***代替,并在抽水蓄能单元使用可逆式水泵水轮机抽水或发电,并应用分段积分法对抽水蓄能单元的上水池进行能量的监控控制。
水力发电***中的抽水蓄能发电,在电网负荷低谷时抽水蓄能,负荷高峰时发电。其发电输出功率稳定,对大电网不造成冲击。风光微电网接入大电网时,其功率的不稳定行对电网会造成一定的冲击。再结合抽水蓄能发电优点,提出了一种风光抽水蓄能微电网,其核心在于:风光发电***的电能不输送到大电网中,所有的电能用于抽水蓄能,抽水***由普通交流泵组和可逆式水泵水轮机组、管道、下水池坝和上水堤坝组成;上水堤坝的水通过可逆式水泵水轮机组和普通水轮发电机组转化成电能,通过升压向大电网输送稳定电能。该发明的优点在于规避了风光的自然限制,提高了风光发电***的利用,通过调节抽水蓄能发电***的方法,可以向大电网输送可靠稳定可控的电能。
发明内容
针对风电电能间歇性特性及光伏发电受自然因素造成发电利用效率低下的缺陷,本发明的目的在于,提供一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,该***可忽略风电、光伏带来的电能质量问题,最大效率的利用可再生能源,提高发电利用率及输出电能可控及向大电网提供可靠、可控、稳定的电能。
为了实现上述任务,本发明采取如下的技术解决方案:
一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,其特征在于,该***包括有微电网直流母线、交流母线、***控制器、光伏发电子***、DC-DC控制器、电容开关组、超级电容组、储能蓄电池组、双向DC-DC控制器、风力发电子***、AC-DC控制器、DC-AC控制器、水泵开关组、水泵机组、切换开关组、可逆水轮机组、投入开关组、发电机组、水轮机组、升压站和大电网,其中:
光伏发电子***和风力发电子***分别通过DC-DC控制器和AC-DC控制器与微电网直流母线连接;储能蓄电池组通过双向DC-DC控制器也连接在微电网直流母线上;微电网直流母线还通过电容开关组连接超级电容组;
微电网直流母线还连接DC-AC控制器,DC-AC控制器通过水泵开关组和切换开关组分别连接水泵机组和可逆水轮机组;水泵机组和可逆水轮机组分别通过管道接入下水堤坝水中;
交流母线通过升压站连接大电网,交流母线通过投入开关组串联连接发电机组和水轮机组;交流母线还与切换开关组相连接;
***控制器分别连接DC-DC控制器、电容开关组、AC-DC控制器、双向DC-DC控制器、DC-AC控制器、投入开关组、水泵开关组和切换开关组。
根据本发明所述的光伏发电子***为光伏阵列群。
所述的水泵机组中的水泵均采用三相交流水泵。
本发明的风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,其中的风力发电子***在风速达到要求后就可最大功率追踪控制进行发电,光伏发电子***也进行最大功率追踪控制,风力发电子***通过AC-DC控制器,光伏发电子***通过DC-DC控制器,与微电网直流母线相连,通过控制超级电容组和储能蓄电池组,给水泵机组提供稳定的电能,水泵机组得到电能后抽水到上水堤坝,上水堤坝在控制***调控下通过水轮、发电机组发电,水轮、发电机组电能通过升压站升压后并入到大电网中。其工作过程是:
在风速达到启动风速后,风力发电子***启动并发出交流电,AC-DC控制器进行最大功率追踪控制,经过AC-DC控制器,电能流向微电网直流母线,光伏阵列群发电,通过DC-DC变换器,与微电网直流母线连接,共同向超级电容组,储能蓄电池组,水泵机组输出电能;
超级电容组直接连接在微电网直流母线上,通过电容组开关的投切,对微电网直流母线的电压波动进行平滑处理。储能蓄电池组主要对微电网直流母线的所有二次***进行后备储能供电,微电网直流母线通过双向DC-DC变换器对储能蓄电池组充电,同时当微电网直流母线功率缺失时,储能蓄电池通过双向DC-DC变换器对微电网直流母线提供电能。微电网直流母线通过DC-AC转化为交流给水泵机组供电。微电网直流母线通过DC-AC控制器给控制***供电,同时给照明通讯等设备供电。可逆水轮机组通过切换开关与DC-AC和交流母线连接、水泵机组通过水泵开关与DC-AC连接。***控制器与DC-DC控制器、电容开关组、AC-DC控制器、双向DC-DC控制器、DC-AC控制器、投入开关组、水泵开关组和切换开关组保持通讯,交换信息,获取风力发电子***、光伏发电子***、以及上下水位信息,***控制器获取这些信息后,智能管理,微电网直流母线电能优先供给水泵机组进行抽水,当微电网直流母线电能不断增大时,通过切换开关将可逆水轮机组转成水泵模式投入抽水蓄能。上水堤坝的水位信息判断,优先投入水轮发电机组发电,当水位增长或者大电网调度超过水轮发电机组群的额度外,通过切换开关逐渐把可逆水轮机组转成发电模式投入。水轮发电机组和可逆水轮机组通过交流母线输送到升压站,升压站通过变压器升压到一定电压与大电网相连。
微电网直流母线的超级电容器组进行动态瞬间功率平衡,储能蓄电池组进行短时功率平衡,以保证微电网直流母线电压稳定,使水泵机组、可逆水轮机组、水轮发电机组可以安全运行及安全停机。
发电机组的启停由***控制器控制,其向交流母线并网控制由其自身的控制装置控制,向大电网提供稳定可控的电能。
本发明的风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
最大效率使用风力发电子***、光伏发电子***可再生能源,减少间歇特性对电网电能质量的影响,风力发电子***、光伏发电子***产生的电能全部用于抽水蓄能,水力发电***对电网提供可控、可靠及稳定的电能。
***中的风力发电子***和光伏发电子***都可最大功率运行控制,保证最大能量获取,而不考虑***功率平衡及电能质量问题。因此不会因电网电能质量问题而限制运行。***采用微电网直流母线结构,与各单元的功率交换技术容易实现。
微电网直流母线上设置了超级电容器组,控制其投入组数对微电网直流母线电压进行平滑,保持总线电压稳定。
可逆水轮机组、水泵机组、发电机组,微电网直流母线的全部电能先供给水泵机组从下水堤坝抽水到上水堤坝,当电能过剩时,启动并切换可逆水轮机组为水泵模式进行抽水蓄能;水力发电机组依据***控制器调控指令进行发电,当水位过高或者需求功率超出机组出力时,切换可逆水轮机组为发电模式对大电网供电。
***控制器与DC-DC控制器、电容开关组、AC-DC控制器、双向DC-DC控制器、DC-AC控制器、投入开关组、水泵开关组和切换开关组保持通讯进行信息交换及控制,可以保持***运行稳定,同时***控制器根据水位、风光、电网侧需求等信息,进行智能控制,同时可以接受外部调度指令,满足地区电网的总体规划调度。
附图说明
图1是本发明的风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***结构示意图。
图中的标记分别表示:1、微电网直流母线,2、交流母线,3、***控制器,4、光伏发电子***,5、DC-DC控制器,6、电容开关组,23、超级电容组,7、储能蓄电池组,8、双向DC-DC控制器,9、风力发电子***,10、AC-DC控制器,11、DC-AC控制器,12、水泵开关组,13、水泵机组,14、切换开关组,15、可逆水轮机组,16、下水堤坝,17、投入开关组,18、发电机组,19、普通水轮机组,20、上水堤坝,21、升压站,22、大电网。
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
具体实施方式
本发明的设计思路的重点在于,用风电光伏的电能用于抽水蓄能,抽水蓄能***含有三类机组:普通的水泵机组、可逆的水轮机组和普通水力发电机组,机组需要***控制器智能判读***的所有信息来启停。
参见附图1所示,本实施例给出一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,该***包括有微电网直流母线1、交流母线2、***控制器3、光伏发电子***4、DC-DC控制器5、电容开关组6、超级电容组23、储能蓄电池组7、双向DC-DC控制器8、风力发电子***9、AC-DC控制器10、DC-AC控制器11、水泵开关组12、水泵机组13、切换开关组14、可逆水轮机组15、投入开关组17、发电机组18、普通水轮机组19、升压站21和大电网22,其中:
光伏发电子***4和风力发电子***9分别通过DC-DC控制器5和AC-DC控制器10与微电网直流母线1连接;储能蓄电池组7通过双向DC-DC控制器8也连接在微电网直流母线1上;微电网直流母线1还通过电容开关组6连接超级电容组23;
微电网直流母线1还连接DC-AC控制器11,DC-AC控制器11通过水泵开关组12和切换开关组14分别连接水泵机组13和可逆水轮机组15;水泵机组13和可逆水轮机组15分别通过管道接入下水堤坝16水中;
交流母线2通过升压站21连接大电网22,交流母线2通过投入开关组17串联连接发电机组18和普通水轮机组19;交流母线2还与切换开关组14相连接;
***控制器3分别连接DC-DC控制器5、电容开关组6、AC-DC控制器10、双向DC-DC控制器8、DC-AC控制器11、投入开关组17、水泵开关组12和切换开关组14。
本实施例中,光伏发电子***4选择光伏阵列群。
水泵机组13中的水泵均采用三相交流水泵。
本实施例中所述的电容开关组6、超级电容组23、储能蓄电池组7、水泵开关组12、水泵机组13、切换开关组14、可逆水轮机组15、投入开关组17、发电机组18、普通水轮机组19,其中的“组”表示含有数个相同的部件,例如电容开关组6中包括了数个电容开关,普通水轮机组19中包括了数个水轮机等,图中采用了“...”标记表示。
在风速达到启动风速后,风力发电子***9启动并发出交流电,经过AC-DC控制器10与微电网直流母线1相连,光伏发电子***4通过DC-DC控制器5与微电网直流母线1连接,共同向超级电容组23、储能蓄电池组7、水泵机组13以及可逆水轮机组15输出电能。
储能蓄电池组7通过DC-DC控制器与微电网直流母线连接,当风力发电子***与光伏发电子***输出几乎为零时,短时向微电网直流母线提供电能,保证水泵机组、可逆水轮机组、水轮发电机组安全停机。
超级电容组23通过电容组开关连接在微电网直流母线1上,可以对微电网直流母线1的瞬间电压波动进行平衡。
微电网直流母线1通过可控双向DC-DC变换器8对电池组充电,同时当直流母线1电压跌落严重时,储能蓄电池组7通过双向DC-DC控制器8对微电网直流母线1放电,保持电压在允许值范围。
水泵机组13均采用三相交流水泵,微电网直流母线1通过可控DC-AC控制器11转化为交流电给水泵机组13供电,从下水堤坝16抽水到上水堤坝20。
水泵机组13由***控制器器进行智能判断,通过水泵开关组12控制投入水泵的数量:
当微电网直流母线1功率供给超出水泵机组13负荷时,与DC-AC控制器11通过切换开关组14连接到可逆水轮机组15,由***控制器3控制切换开关组14,切换可逆水轮机组15中一台或数台为抽水模式,由下水堤坝16抽水到上水堤坝20。
可逆水轮机组5通过切换开关组14连接到抽水蓄能发电子***交流母线2,发电机组18、普通水轮机组19通过投入开关组17连接到交流母线2,抽水蓄能发电子***交流母线2通过升压站21向大电网23供电。
***控制器3采集DC-DC控制器5、电容开关组6、AC-DC控制器10、双向DC-DC控制器8、DC-AC控制器11、投入开关组17、水泵开关组12和切换开关组14以及微电网直流母线、交流母线、大电网的水位信息、电网信息、电网调度指令等,保证水泵机组的输入电压在允许值范围稳定,控制投入开关组17,投入普通水轮机组19进行发电,发电机组18通过交流母线2输送到升压站21,当水位过高或电网侧需求过大时,通过控制切换开关组14,切换一台或数台可逆水轮机组15为发电模式,通过切换开关组14并网到交流母线2上,当上水堤坝20水位过低时,***控制器3逐渐按照可逆水轮机组15至水轮发电机组19的顺序切除,当下水堤坝16水位过低时,***控制器3逐渐按照可逆水轮机组15至水泵机组13的顺序切除。
Claims (2)
1.一种风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,其特征在于,该***包括有微电网直流母线(1)、交流母线(2)、***控制器(3)、光伏发电子***(4)、DC-DC控制器(5)、电容开关组(6)、超级电容组(23)、储能蓄电池组(7)、双向DC-DC控制器(8)、风力发电子***(9)、AC-DC控制器(10)、DC-AC控制器(11)、水泵开关组(12)、水泵机组(13)、切换开关组(14)、可逆水轮机组(15)、投入开关组(17)、发电机组(18)、普通水轮机组(19)、升压站(21)和大电网(22),其中:
光伏发电子***(4)和风力发电子***(9)分别通过DC-DC控制器(5)和AC-DC控制器(10)与微电网直流母线(1)连接;储能蓄电池组(7)通过双向DC-DC控制器(8)也连接在微电网直流母线(1)上;微电网直流母线(1)还通过电容开关组(6)连接超级电容组(23);
微电网直流母线(1)还连接DC-AC控制器(11),DC-AC控制器(11)通过水泵开关组(12)和切换开关组(14)分别连接水泵机组(13)和可逆水轮机组(15);水泵机组(13)和可逆水轮机组(15)分别通过管道接入下水堤坝水中;
交流母线(2)通过升压站(21)连接大电网(22),交流母线(2)通过投入开关组(17)串联连接发电机组(18)和普通水轮机组(19);交流母线(2)还与切换开关组(14)相连接;
***控制器(3)分别连接DC-DC控制器(5)、电容开关组(6)、AC-DC控制器(10)、双向DC-DC控制器(8)、DC-AC控制器(11)、投入开关组(17)、水泵开关组(12)和切换开关组(14);
所述的水泵机组中的水泵均采用三相交流水泵。
2.如权利要求1所述的风电光伏微电网抽水蓄能发电***,其特征在于,所述的光伏发电子***(4)为光伏阵列群。
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