CN105937037B - Application of the anti-corrosion electrode in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved - Google Patents
Application of the anti-corrosion electrode in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of application of anti-corrosion electrode in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved, solve the problems, such as in existing poly-dopamine combination polyaniline protective film application of electrode.The chemical addition agent of suitable proportion introduces transition zone at the interface of base electrode and conductive polymer membrane; promote conducting polymer monomer by electrochemical polymerization mode in base electrode surface filming; the combination power lifting of film, it is ensured that there is the more effective guard electrode matrix of conductive polymer membrane of Corrosion Protection；Meanwhile the substantial amounts of active group of electrode surface can increase capture and the respond to organic matter, shorten response path, ensure to react efficient progress, the electroxidation performance of anode material is improved, the yield for obtaining target product is high, selectivity is good, meets the needs of efficient Organic electro-synthesis.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrochemistry formated electrode material, it is anti-which is mainly used for raising electrochemistry formated
The selectivity and yield answered.
Background technology
Electrochemistry formated process due to have the advantages that reaction is gentle, high selectivity and favored.But synthesis when institute
The electrolyte of use is often strong acid or highly basic, these materials, also certainly will be to electrode material while solution conductivity is increased
Cause serious corrosion.Organic Electrochemical Synthesis environment is more harsh, the requirement higher for electrode material.Therefore, usually adopt
Use noble metal（Platinum, palladium etc.）Electrode material carries out electrochemistry organic synthesis.However, one side noble metal is expensive, the opposing party
Face noble metal electrode only plays the role of transmitting electronics, therefore yield and relatively low, the combined coefficient of selectivity in electrochemical reaction
It is not high.
Aniline monomer forms polyaniline protective film by electrochemical method in the base electrode such as stainless steel surface aggregate so that
Inert electrode and common metal electrode as base electrode not only effectively improve on antiseptic property, while electrode is led
Electrical property is also strengthened, and therefore, polyaniline film cathode material substitution noble metal electrode material is possibly realized.
But polyaniline protective film itself enbrittles and porosity, in addition its with the adhesion of matrix than relatively low, so, if
It is applied in electrochemistry organic synthesis, there are the caducous problem of polyaniline protective film, and reaction efficiency is not also high.
A kind of Titanium base for being covered with polypyrrole（“poly(dopaminc)assisted deposition of adherent
PPy film on Ti substratc ",《Process in Organic Coatings》, Simona Popescu etc., the 77th
Volume, the 1890-1900 pages, publication date：20140716）A kind of and electrode（“Silanized Polyaniline as an
Rlectrochromic material ", M. Ahsan habib etc.,《J.Electrochem.Soc.>, the 6th phase of volume 135,
The 1692-1695 pages, publication date 19910630）, effectively solve the problems, such as that polyaniline protective film is caducous, so easily thinking
Applied to the electrochemical stability using above-mentioned electrode in Organic electro-synthesis reaction.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new application of anti-corrosion electrode, the antiseptic property of the electrode material is excellent, material
The conductive polymer membrane on surface is not easily to fall off, can be applied in the harsh electrochemistry organic synthesis of synthetic environment；At the same time because this is anti-
Rotten electrode also has good electro-chemical activity at the same time, and organic synthesis can be made efficiently to carry out, obtain the yield of target product
It is high, selective good.
In order to realize foregoing invention purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of anti-corrosion electrode is improving Organic Electricity
Application in the selectivity and yield of synthetic reaction, the anti-corrosion electrode are prepared by following material and step：
1st, the base electrode after surface treatment is put into the chemical modifier aqueous solution that concentration is 1-200 mg/L and soaked
After when 2-4 is small, taking-up is dried；
The base electrode is inert electrode or metal electrode；The inert electrode is glass-carbon electrode or graphite electrode；
The metal electrode material is one kind in iron, nickel or copper；
The chemical modifier is the one or more in silane coupling agent, dopamine, octadecylamine or perfluoro octyl sulfonic acid
Mixture；
2nd, using above-mentioned base electrode be put into the electrolyte solution containing 0.1-0.5 mol/L conducting polymer monomers as
Anode, cathode use platinum electrode, carry out cell reaction；
The conducting polymer monomer is one kind in aniline, pyrroles, thiophene.
Cell reaction method described in step 2 is one kind in constant potential polymerization, cyclic voltammetry or galvanostatic method.
Preferably increase electrode electro catalytic activity, be anode by cathode, platinum electrode of step 2 the electrode obtained, continue with
The aqueous solution of 0.1-1.0mg/mL precious metal salts is electrolyte, carries out cell reaction.
The precious metal salt refers to one kind of the soluble salt of gold, silver or palladium.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1st, the chemical addition agent of suitable proportion introduces transition zone at the interface of base electrode and conducting film, contains in transition zone
Abundant coupling group so that electrode surface reactivity strengthens, and the combination for follow-up conducting polymer and matrix provides bar
Part, it is ensured that there is the conductive polymer membrane of Corrosion Protection（Especially under strongly acidic conditions）More effective guard electrode matrix,
Promote conducting polymer monomer by electrochemical polymerization mode in matrix at the same time（Glass carbon, graphite, metal）Electrode surface forms a film, film
Combination power lifting, the composite conductive polymer film formed to electrode rise anti-corrosion, protective effect；
2nd, during electrochemistry organic synthesis, conducting polymer（Polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene）Layer can effectively protect
Base electrode simultaneously promotes organic synthesis efficiently to carry out, and specifically includes：On the one hand, harsh reaction condition（It is strong acid, strong
Alkali）Under shield to electrode matrix, be avoided that the corrosion of base electrode is scaling-off, very using the anticorrosive property of conducting polymer
To perforation；On the other hand, as organic synthesis anode material in use, the substantial amounts of active group of electrode surface（Hydroxyl, carboxylic
Base, amino etc.）Can firmly adsorb, the organic matter that physical/chemical linkage chemistry property is stablized, increase capture to organic matter and
Respond, shortens response path, it is ensured that reaction efficiently carries out, so as to greatly improve the electroxidation performance of anode material, obtains
The yield of target product is high, selective good, meets the needs of efficient Organic electro-synthesis.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a do not do the microscopic appearance of the carbon electrodes of any processing.
Fig. 1 b carbon electrodes form the thickness of polyaniline film.
Fig. 1 c cyclic voltammetries form the pattern of polyaniline film in carbon electrodes.
Fig. 1 d idiostatic methods form the pattern of polyaniline film in carbon electrodes.
Fig. 2 is the infrared figure of conductive polymer polyanaline electrode surface film.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is pointed out that with
Lower embodiment is non-according to some that foregoing invention content is the present invention it is not intended that limiting the scope of the invention
The modifications and adaptations of essence still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）Base electrode surface preparation：
Graphite matrix electrode surface is cleaned using ultrasonic washing instrument, to remove the impurity such as unnecessary grease, dust, afterwards
It is put into ethanol solution（Concentration is 95%）Middle cleaning, takes out simultaneously naturally dry, gives over to spare.
（2）The early-stage preparations of base electrode
0.01g dopamines, 0.01g tromethamines are added in 50mL distilled water, are subsequently placed in ultrasonic washing instrument
Middle supersound process 10min dissolvings are scattered.After being uniformly dispersed, the above-mentioned electrode pre-processed is placed in solution after soaking 4h and dried in the air
It is dry.
（3）The preparation of electrolyte：
Take 25mL 0.1mol/L aniline-water solutions, 25mL1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solutions to add in 100mL beakers, stand standby
With.
（4）Base electrode surface coating：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, platinum electrode is used using obtained graphite electrode as anode, cathode, system is carried out
Be powered electrolysis, decomposition voltage 1.0V, electrolysis time 3h.
（5）The last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode：
The polymer membrane electrode for being electrolysed formation is placed and dried in atmosphere.
Prepared membrane electrode surface topography is characterized using QUANTA-200 types scanning electron microscope, such as Fig. 1
（b）Shown, conductive polymer membrane electrode surface has obvious pore passage structure in figure, is distributed than more uniform, relative to untreated
Graphite electrode, such as Fig. 1（a）Shown, the net structure on surface can increase the surface area of electrode, this is in base electrode table
Face forms effective erosion resistant coating, raising electrode surface area promotes oxidation reaction highly beneficial.
Application in Organic electro-synthesis：
At room temperature, the salpeter solution 50mL of 0.05mol/L is taken, adds 0.001mol surfactant polyethylenes, will
The electrode of embodiment 1 is used as anode, and platinum electrode is cathode, even well and circuit is observed curent change situation, by 0.01mol toluene
（Ultrasonic wave added is emulsified into electrolyte solution）Reaction system is added, carries out toluene oxidation synthesizing benzoic alcohol experiment.
Component analysis is carried out to synthetic product, obtains the yield of target product phenmethylol up to 35.8%, selective 60%.
Comparative example 1-1：Polyaniline film cathode is used for anodic oxidation toluene synthesizing benzoic alcohol
Polyaniline film cathode is directly prepared in graphite electrode surface using electrochemical polymerization method, and is applied to anodic oxygen
Change toluene（Cathode is platinum electrode）Synthesizing benzoic alcohol, the other conditions of synthetic reaction（Surfactant, acid solution）With embodiment 1
It is identical.The yield for obtaining target product is 8.5%, selectivity 32%, and polyaniline peeling is found after reaction, comes off, combined with matrix
It is bad.
Comparative example 1-2：Inert electrode is used for anodic oxidation toluene synthesizing benzoic alcohol
Platinized platinum is used at room temperature as anode, cathode, the other conditions of synthetic reaction（Surfactant, acid solution）With reality
It is identical to apply example 1.Experiment is found, carries out toluene oxidation synthesizing benzoic alcohol using platinum electrode, the yield of phenmethylol is 15.8%, selection
Property 55%.The unobvious of electrode corrosion, but synthetic effect is undesirable.
Embodiment 2：
（1）Base electrode surface preparation is the same as embodiment 1.
（2）It is prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer
0.001g octadecylamines are added in 50mL distilled water, is placed in ultrasonic washing instrument and is ultrasonically treated 20min dissolvings
It is scattered.After being uniformly dispersed, the electrode pre-processed is placed in solution and soaks 2h.Taking-up is dried stand-by.
（3）It is prepared by electrolyte：
25mL 0.2mol/L chromium solutions, 50mL 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solutions is taken to add in 100ml beakers and be uniformly mixed.
（4）Base electrode surface coating：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, by cyclic voltammetry in carbon pole electroplating surface polypyrrole film, wherein carbon electricity
Extremely working electrode, platinum electrode are to electrode, and calomel electrode is reference electrode, and scanning voltage 100-1200mv, circulates the number of turns
For 100 circles, the conductive polymer membrane electrode surface pattern such as Fig. 1 formed（c）Shown, the loose and porous structure formed can carry
The activity of high electrode.
（5）The last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode：
The polymer membrane electrode for being electrolysed formation is placed and dried in atmosphere.
Application in Organic electro-synthesis：
At room temperature, 0.1mol/L aqueous hydrochloric acid solution 50mL are taken, 0.005mol neopelexes are added, by preparation
Conducting polymer membrane electrode is used as anode, and platinum electrode is cathode, even good circuit.By 0.02mol toluene（Ultrasonic wave added is emulsified to electricity
In electrolyte solution）Add reaction system, oxidative synthesis benzoquinones.
Come off after reaction in solution without particle, electrode surface is without significant change.Benzoquinones yield is obtained up to 43.1%, it is selective
75%。
Comparative example 2：Undressed graphite electrode is used to aoxidize toluene synthesis benzoquinones
Use undressed graphite electrode for anode, platinum electrode be cathode carry out oxidation toluene synthesize benzoquinones experiment, close
Into the other conditions of reaction（Surfactant, acid solution）It is same as Example 2.Experiment is found, using undressed graphite
Electrode carries out toluene oxidation synthesis benzoquinones reaction, and target product yield is 15.8%, selectivity 55%.Graphite particle in reaction solution
Severe detachment, solution is in black substantially after reaction.
Embodiment 3：
（1）Base electrode surface preparation is the same.
（2）It is prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer：
0.05g silane coupling agents are added in 50mL distilled water, is placed in be ultrasonically treated 10min and dissolve and disperses.Wait to disperse
After uniformly, the electrode handled well is placed in solution and soaks 4h, taking-up is dried stand-by.
（3）It is prepared by electrolyte：
Take 0.5mol/L thiophene solution 30mL, 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solutions 25mL to be added in 100mL beakers to be uniformly mixed.
（4）Electrode surface plated film：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, using nickel electrode as anode, platinum electrode is used as cathode, the electricity that is powered is carried out to system
Solution, decomposition voltage 3.0V, electrolysis time 2.0h, form conducting polymer environmental microbes such as Fig. 1（d）It is shown, institute's shape
Into nano surface particle can improve the activity of electrode.
The polymer membrane electrode for being electrolysed formation is placed into 4.0h in atmosphere, naturally dry is spare.
Application of the conducting polymer membrane electrode in Organic electro-synthesis：
Under room temperature, the aqueous sulfuric acid 50mL of 0.1mol/L is used as electrolyte, adds 0.005mol cetyls
Trimethylammonium bromide is surfactant, and the conducting polymer membrane electrode of preparation is used as anode, and platinum electrode is cathode, will
0.05mol phenmethylols（Ultrasonic wave added is emulsified into electrolyte solution）Reaction system is added, even good circuit carries out benzyl alcohol oxidation
Synthesizing benzaldehyde or benzoic acid.
For electrode surface without significant change, electrode is corrosion-free before and after reaction, and benzyl alcohol oxidation is total for benzaldehyde and benzoic acid
Conversion ratio is 35.4% up to 75%, wherein benzaldehyde yield, and benzoic acid yield is 39.6%.
Comparative example 3：Under the reaction condition identical with above-described embodiment 3, electrochemistry legal system is used in graphite electrode surface
Standby polythiophene membrane electrode, and it is applied to the anode of benzyl alcohol oxidation synthesizing benzaldehyde or benzoic acid, platinum electrode is the moon
Pole, it is 23.4% to obtain benzoic acid yield, and phenmethylol yield is 25.0%, and polythiophene is bad in graphite electrode surface adhesiveness, electricity
Subregion surface comes off after synthesis, and electrode corrosion is serious.
Embodiment 4：
（1）Base electrode surface preparation and surface depletion layer prepare the same.
（2）It is prepared by conducting polymer monomer solution：
15 mL, 0.1mol/L chromium solution of 0.1mol/L aniline solutions, 15 mL, 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution 40mL is taken to add
Enter in 100mL beakers and be uniformly mixed.
（3）Base electrode surface coating：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, using base electrode as anode, platinum electrode is used as cathode, be powered electrolysis, electrolysis electricity
Press as 0.5V, electrolysis time 3.0h.
（4）The post processing of conducting polymer membrane electrode：
0.0167 g silver nitrates are added in 50mL distilled water, is placed in ultrasound to handle 10min and dissolve and disperses.Wait to disperse
After uniformly, using above-mentioned solution as electrolyte, polymer membrane electrode is cathode, and platinum electrode is electrolysed for anodal closure, wherein electrolysis electricity
Press as 1.0 V, when electrolysis time 1.0 is small.
Polymer membrane electrode formed above is placed into naturally dry in atmosphere.
Application in electrochemistry organic synthesis：
At room temperature, the aqueous sodium persulfate solution 50mL of 0.5mol/L is taken, adds 0.002mol surfactant silane coupling agents,
The conducting polymer membrane electrode of above-mentioned preparation is used as anode, platinum electrode is cathode, Oxidation of Alcohol（0.1mol）Prepare acetaldehyde.
The corrosion-free generation of electrode after reaction, comes off without particle in electrolyte solution, and it is 46.7% to determine target product yield,
Selectivity 72%.
Comparative example 4：Under reaction condition same as Example 4, use platinum electrode anti-for anode, cathode progress oxidative synthesis
Should, obtain the yield 12.5% of target product acetaldehyde, selectivity 38%.
Embodiment 5：
（1）Base electrode surface preparation and surface depletion layer prepare the same.
（2）It is prepared by conducting polymer monomer solution used in base electrode：
25mL 0.2mol/L aniline solutions, 50mL 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solutions is taken to add in 100ml beakers and be uniformly mixed.
（3）Base electrode surface coating：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, conductive gather is formed in electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry on electrochemical workstation
As working electrode, platinum electrode is used as to electrode for compound film, wherein base electrode, and reference electrode is calomel electrode, scanning voltage
To be electrolysed under -200-1000mV, the circle of circulation 50.
（4）The post processing of conducting polymer membrane electrode：
0.0405g gold chlorides and 2mL perfluoro octyl sulfonic acids are added in 50mL distilled water, are cleaned by ultrasonic processing 30min
Dissolving is scattered.After being uniformly dispersed, above-mentioned solution is used as electrolyte, cathode is done with the electrode handled well, platinum electrode is anode, right
System, which is powered, to be electrolysed, decomposition voltage 2.0V, when electrolysis time is 0.5 small.
The polymer membrane electrode for being electrolysed formation is placed in atmosphere spare.Conductive polymer membrane is determined by infrared test
The distribution situation of surface functional group, as shown in Figure 2, it is seen that the oxidation unit of polyaniline（N=Q=N）With reduction unit（N-B-N）,
This auto-dope makes electrode that higher electric conductivity be presented, while the anticorrosive property of polyaniline is played under strong acid, living applied to height
Property electrode material.
Application in electrochemistry organic synthesis：
At room temperature, the aqueous sodium persulfate solution 50mL of 0.5mol/L is taken, it is surfactant to add 0.005M polyethylene glycol, will
The conducting polymer membrane electrode of preparation is used as anode, and platinum electrode is cathode, 0.01mol phenmethylols（Ultrasonic wave added is emulsified to electrolysis
In matter solution）Reaction system is added, carries out oxidative synthesis benzaldehyde.
Without coming off, electrode no corrosion occurs electrode surface particle after reaction, analyzes and determines target product benzaldehyde
Yield 39.5%, selectivity 68%.
Comparative example 5：Under reaction condition same as Example 5, benzene is synthesized by anodic oxidation phenmethylol of polyaniline film cathode
Formaldehyde, it is 18.5% to obtain benzaldehyde yield, and selectivity 22%, electrode surface poor adhesion, Aniline Films come off after reaction.
Embodiment 6：
（1）Base electrode surface preparation is the same.
（2）It is prepared by base electrode surface depletion layer
0.04g dopamines, 0.025g tromethamines are added in 50mL distilled water, is placed in ultrasonic washing instrument and surpasses
Sonication 30min dissolvings are scattered.After being uniformly dispersed, the electrode pre-processed is placed in solution and soaks 4.0h, taking-up is dried
It is stand-by.
（3）The preparation of electrolyte：
25mL 0.3mol/L chromium solutions, 50mL 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide solutions is taken to add in 100ml beakers and mix
Uniformly.
（4）Base electrode surface coating：
At room temperature, in the electrolytic solution, conductive polymer membrane is generated in metallic iron matrix surface by cyclic voltammetry scan method,
Wherein metallic iron is working electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, and calomel electrode is reference, scanning voltage 100-800mV, circulating ring
Number 10 encloses.
（5）The last handling process of conducting polymer membrane electrode：
The polymer membrane electrode for being electrolysed formation is placed to dry in atmosphere stand-by.
Conducting polymer membrane electrode is used for organic synthesis：
The sodium hydrate aqueous solution 50mL of 0.2mol/L is taken at room temperature, adds 0.005mol surfactant sodium dodecyl base benzene
Sodium sulfonate, is used as anode by the conducting polymer membrane electrode of preparation, and platinum electrode is cathode, by 0.05mol n-hexyl aldehydes（Ultrasonic wave added
Emulsification is into electrolyte solution）Reaction system is added, carries out n-hexyl aldehyde oxidative synthesis n-caproic acid.
After the completion of reaction, come off in electrolyte solution without particle, electrode is not corroded.Synthesis obtains n-caproic acid yield
33.1%, selectivity 55%.
Comparative example 6：Under reaction condition same as Example 6, oxidative synthesis reaction is carried out by anode of graphite, obtains target
The yield of product is 22.5%, selectivity 32%, electrode corrosion, scaling-off serious.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of anti-corrosion electrode improve Organic electro-synthesis reaction selectivity and yield in application, the anti-corrosion electrode by with
Lower material and step are prepared：
（1）, the base electrode after surface treatment is put into the chemical modifier aqueous solution that concentration is 1-200 mg/L and soaks 2-4
After hour, taking-up is dried；
（2）, using above-mentioned base electrode be put into the electrolyte solution containing 0.1-0.5 mol/L conducting polymer monomers as sun
Pole, cathode use platinum electrode, carry out cell reaction；
The base electrode is inert electrode or metal electrode；The inert electrode is glass-carbon electrode or graphite electrode；It is described
Metal electrode material is one kind in iron, nickel or copper；
The chemical modifier is one or more of mixed in silane coupling agent, dopamine, octadecylamine or perfluoro octyl sulfonic acid
Compound；
The conducting polymer monomer is one kind in aniline, pyrroles, thiophene.
2. application of the anti-corrosion electrode according to claim 1 in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved,
It is characterized in that：Step（2）The cell reaction method is one in constant potential polymerization, cyclic voltammetry or galvanostatic method
Kind.
3. application of the anti-corrosion electrode according to claim 1 in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved,
It is characterized in that：With step（2）The electrode obtained is cathode, platinum electrode is anode, is continued with 0.1-1.0mg/mL precious metal salts
Aqueous solution is electrolyte, carries out cell reaction.
4. application of the anti-corrosion electrode according to claim 3 in the selectivity of Organic electro-synthesis reaction and yield is improved,
It is characterized in that：The precious metal salt refers to one kind of the soluble salt of gold, silver or palladium.
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| CN109023462B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-07-10 | 郑州大学 | Method for preparing polydopamine film layer by magnesium and magnesium alloy surface electropolymerization |
| CN113782750B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-05-02 | 广西鑫锋环保科技有限公司 | Metal@copolymerization composite grid, preparation method thereof and application thereof in lead-acid battery |
| CN114592219B (en) * | 2022-03-12 | 2023-10-24 | 东北电力大学 | Preparation method of electroplated polydopamine-nickel nano composite coating |
| CN114790560B (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-05-26 | 广东工业大学 | Cathode protective coating for preparing manganese metal by electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
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