CN105930605A - Quench hardening layer depth measurement method for induction quenching treatment shaft part - Google Patents
Quench hardening layer depth measurement method for induction quenching treatment shaft part Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a quench hardening layer depth measurement method for an induction quenching treatment shaft part. According to the method, based on an ANSYS finite element platform, a quench hardening layer depth of a workpiece when a shaft part performs induction quenching is calculated through simulation, and quench hardening layer depths of different workpiece can be calculated by adjusting an induction process parameter, so that the quench hardening layer depth is predicted by changing an induction quenching process parameter according to the method, and therefore the method is simple, quick and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of impewdance matching and process the Prediction of Hardened Depth method of axle part.
Background technology
Traditional material Technology for Heating Processing preferably processes technique by lot of experiments research screening one,
Cost is the highest but also time-consuming.There is the impewdance matching of the features such as high-quality, repeatability and strong adaptability
Heat treatment is one of process of surface treatment most widely used and with fastest developing speed in heat treatment industry, logical
Cross the depth of hardening zone of finite element analysis prediction workpiece impewdance matching, determine its optimal processing parameter
And guide production, it is to avoid destructive test workpiece when measuring the depth of hardening zone of workpiece.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve drawbacks described above and deficiency present in prior art, it is provided that a kind of
Carry out analogue inductive Quench heating based on ANSYS finite element platform and two stages of cooling are the most pre-
Survey impewdance matching depth of hardening zone.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of impewdance matching to process quenching of axle part
Hard formation depth measurement method, utilizes ANSYS finite element analysis platform to measure impewdance matching workpiece
Depth of hardening zone, specifically include following steps:
Step one, sets up model；The sensing of workpiece is built according to impewdance matching actual working environment
Quenching solid finite element model；It is that several two dimension coupled fields are real by finite element solid Module Division
Body unit, determines attribute and the material properties of workpiece, i.e. technique of two dimension coupled field solid element
Parameter；
Step 2, simulation heating process；Apply thermal source load, thermal convection current constraints and border
On each node of condition extremely two dimension coupled field solid element, analogue inductive Quench heating process temperature
Field change, and use direct method that workpiece carries out 9 Cr 2 steel using electromagnetic heating coupling analysis calculating, obtain workpiece mould
Intend heating-up temperature with In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；Calculate workpiece heating rate after loss of excitation, and root
According to workpiece laser heating austenitizing phase transition temperature-heating-rate curve figure, calculate workpiece Ovshinsky
Beginning temperature Ac of body1With end temp Ac3；Utilize the beginning temperature of workpiece austenitizing
Ac1 and end temp Ac3Work is determined with on In The Radial Spreading Curve figure in workpiece simulation heating temperature
Part austenite distribution diametrically；
Step 3, simulates cooling procedure；After simulation heating is disposed, load heat convection system
Number, analogue inductive quenching cooling procedure change of temperature field；By workpiece radially different depth
Cooling chart obtains the workpiece 700 DEG C of cooling velocity distribution maps at radially different depth；Adopt
The hard of the radially different depth of workpiece is gone out by Maynier microstructure Prediction model and HV hardness calculation
Angle value, obtains workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；According to complete martensite, half geneva
The hardness of body and martensite-free layer combines workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure and determines completely
Martensite, half martensite and the degree of depth of martensite-free layer；
Step 4, mutually verifies step 2 and step 3.
Wherein, in described step one, modeling process consider the gap between workpiece and induction coil and
Air field；Wherein, surface of the work is divided into compact district, and central part is divided into rough region, longitudinally
Dividing precision is 0.125mm, and induction coil is divided into 20 cells；Air field uses freely
Dividing mode.
Further, the material properties of workpiece includes inductor and workpiece relative permeability, workpiece
Density of material, workpiece specific heat capacity and workpiece resistivity.
Further, boundary condition includes that environment temperature, induction heating current density, workpiece heat pass
Lead coefficient and heat transfer boundary coefficient.
Further, beginning temperature Ac1 and the end temp Ac of workpiece austenitizing are utilized3In work
Part simulation heating temperature with determine on In The Radial Spreading Curve figure workpiece austenite diametrically point
Cloth scope, detailed process is: end temp Ac3Corresponding radial depth δ100%AFor complete Ovshinsky
Soma；Start temperature Ac1Corresponding radial depth δ0%AFor starting austenite structure；The most difficult to understand
Radial depth δ at the medium temperature 791 DEG C of family name soma and beginning austenite structure50%AIt is 5
0% austenite structure.
Further, HV hardness calculation formula is:
HVM=569.95+21lgV
HVB=-41.8+82.95lgV
HVF+P=175.63+7.6lgV
Wherein, HVMVickers hardness for martensite M；HVBVickers for bainite B is hard
Degree；HVF+PVickers hardness for ferrite with pearlite mixing F+P；V is Axial and radial node
700 DEG C of instantaneous cooling speed.
The Advantageous Effects that the present invention is reached: the present invention provides a kind of impewdance matching to process axle
The depth of hardening zone measuring method of part, the method, based on ANSYS finite element platform, is passed through
Workpiece hardened depth when simulation calculates axle part impewdance matching, can be joined by regulation sensing technique
Number calculates the hardened depth of different workpieces, and therefore the present invention is by changing induction hardening process parameter
Prediction depth of hardening zone is simple and direct reliably.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 embodiments of the present invention workpiece impewdance matching geometrical model；
Fig. 2 embodiments of the present invention workpiece solid finite element model；
Fig. 3 embodiments of the present invention workpiece simulation heating temperature is with In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；
Fig. 4 embodiments of the present invention workpiece laser heating austenitizing phase transition temperature-heating rate
Curve map；
Fig. 5 embodiments of the present invention workpiece radial direction-Temperature Distribution and austenite content distribution map；
The cooling chart of the radially different degree of depth of Fig. 6 embodiments of the present invention workpiece；
700 DEG C of cooling velocity distributions of the radially different depth of Fig. 7 embodiments of the present invention workpiece
Figure；
Fig. 8 embodiments of the present invention Maynier microstructure Prediction model；
The distribution of Fig. 9 embodiments of the present invention workpiece radial stiffness and measured hardness profiles versus are bent
Line chart.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following example are only used for more clear
Chu's ground explanation technical scheme, and can not limit the scope of the invention with this.
The present invention provides a kind of impewdance matching to process the depth of hardening zone measuring method of axle part, profit
Measure the depth of hardening zone of impewdance matching workpiece with ANSYS finite element analysis platform, specifically wrap
Include following steps:
Step one, sets up model；The sensing of workpiece is built according to impewdance matching actual working environment
Quenching solid finite element model；It is that several two dimension coupled fields are real by finite element solid Module Division
Body unit, determines attribute and the material properties of workpiece, i.e. technique of two dimension coupled field solid element
Parameter；
Modeling process considers the gap between workpiece and induction coil and air field；Wherein, workpiece table
Face is divided into compact district, and central part is divided into rough region, and longitudinally divided precision is 0.125mm,
Induction coil is divided into 20 cells；Air field uses free dividing mode.The material of workpiece
Attribute include inductor and workpiece relative permeability, the density of material of workpiece, workpiece specific heat capacity and
Workpiece resistivity.
Step 2, simulation heating process；Apply thermal source load, thermal convection current constraints and border
On each node of condition extremely two dimension coupled field solid element, boundary condition includes environment temperature, sense
Current density, the workpiece coefficient of heat conduction and heat transfer boundary coefficient should be heated；Analogue inductive quenching adds
Thermal process change of temperature field, and use direct method that workpiece carries out 9 Cr 2 steel using electromagnetic heating coupling analysis calculating,
Obtain workpiece simulation heating temperature with In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；Calculate workpiece intensification after loss of excitation
Speed, and according to workpiece laser heating austenitizing phase transition temperature-heating-rate curve figure, meter
Calculate beginning temperature Ac of workpiece austenitizing1With end temp Ac3；Utilize workpiece austenitizing
Beginning temperature Ac1 and end temp Ac3In workpiece simulation heating temperature with In The Radial Spreading Curve
Determining workpiece austenite distribution diametrically on figure, detailed process is: end temp
Ac3Corresponding radial depth δ100%AFor complete austenite structure；Start temperature Ac1Corresponding radial direction
Degree of depth δ0%AFor starting austenite structure；Austenite structure and beginning austenite structure completely
Radial depth δ at medium temperature 791 DEG C50%AIt it is 50% austenite structure.
Step 3, simulates cooling procedure；After simulation heating is disposed, load heat convection system
Number, analogue inductive quenching cooling procedure change of temperature field；By workpiece radially different depth
Cooling chart obtains the workpiece 700 DEG C of cooling velocity distribution maps at radially different depth；Adopt
The radially different depth of workpiece is calculated with Maynier microstructure Prediction model and HV hardness formula
Hardness number, obtain workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；According to complete martensite, partly
The hardness of martensite and martensite-free layer combines workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure and determines
Martensite, half martensite and the degree of depth of martensite-free layer completely；
HV hardness calculation formula is:
HVM=569.95+21lgV
HVB=-41.8+82.95lgV
HVF+P=175.63+7.6lgV
Wherein, HVMVickers hardness for martensite M；HVBVickers for bainite B is hard
Degree；HVF+PVickers hardness for ferrite with pearlite mixing F+P；V is Axial and radial node
700 DEG C of instantaneous cooling speed.
Step 4, mutually verifies step 2 and step 3.
Embodiment
In order to better illustrate the detailed process of the present invention, now utilize ANSYS finite element analysis
Platform carries out impewdance matching to 45# steel axle part and carries out numerical simulation analysis, including following step
Rapid:
(1) require to determine actual heater during impewdance matching according to the technology of 45# steel axle part
Skill condition: sensing heating frequency f=195kHz, heat time t=3.8s, current density
Js=700 × 106A/m2；Diameter of phi 16mm of workpiece, long 5mm；Induction coil internal diameter is
Φ 20mm, a height of 5mm；
(2) the 1/2 of axisymmetric workpiece is modeled: inductor is built with skin depth
Mould, considers the gap between workpiece and induction coil and air field simultaneously；Surface of the work divides intensive
District, central part is divided into rough region, and longitudinally divided precision is 0.125mm；Induction coil is divided into
20 cells；Air field uses the mode freely divided, as it is shown in figure 1, wherein A1 district
Representing axle part, A2 district is induction coil, and A3 is air field；
(3) two dimension coupled field solid element PLANE13 attribute and workpiece material attribute are determined,
Material properties includes the density of material, magnetic permeability μ at different temperatures, specific heat capacity c, electricity
Resistance rate ρ；
(4) enter 9 Cr 2 steel using electromagnetic heating couple solution process: determine thermal source load, thermal convection current constraint and
Boundary condition, boundary condition includes environment temperature, induction heating current density, workpiece heat transfer
Coefficient and heat transfer boundary coefficient；Apply thermal source load, thermal convection current constraint and boundary condition to two dimension
On each node of coupled field solid element PLANE13, and use direct method that boundary condition is entered
Row 9 Cr 2 steel using electromagnetic heating coupling analysis calculates；Two dimension coupled field solid element PLANE13 is converted into temperature
Degree computing unit PLANE55 is applied on each node, is calculated the most in the same time and not same district
The temperature field in territory；
(5) by workpiece simulation heating temperature with In The Radial Spreading Curve figure as it is shown on figure 3, calculate
Workpiece is heating rate after loss of excitation, according to workpiece material laser heating austenitizing phase transition temperature-
Heating-rate curve such as Fig. 4, the austenitizing obtaining workpiece starts temperature Ac1And end temp
Ac3, respectively 761 DEG C, 821 DEG C；
(6) during the simulation heating time t=3.8s obtained according to Temperature calculating workpiece radially-temperature
Degree distribution and austenite content distribution map were as it is shown in figure 5, austenite content distribution specifically judged
Journey is as follows: end temp Ac3Corresponding radial depth δ100%AFor complete austenite structure；Start
Temperature Ac1Corresponding radial depth δ0%AFor starting austenite structure；Completely austenite structure and opening
Radial depth δ at the medium temperature of beginning austenite structure 791 DEG C50%AIt it is 50% austenite structure；
(7) after heating terminates, surface of the work is applied convection transfer rate load, cools down 20s,
Simulation cooling procedure change of temperature field；By workpiece radially different depth cooling curve, such as figure
Shown in 6, cooling velocity when calculating 700 DEG C at workpiece radially different depth, obtain workpiece
700 DEG C of cooling velocity distribution maps of radially different depth, as shown in Figure 7.
(8) Maynier microstructure Prediction model, as shown in Figure 8, and HV hardness are used,
I.e. Vickers hardness calculates formula HVM=569.95+21lgV, HVB=-41.8+82.95lgV,
HVF+P=175.63+7.6lgV calculates the hardness number at workpiece radially different depth, obtains
Workpiece radial stiffness scatter chart, compared with reality measurement hardness curve, uses this method to survey
The hardness number that the hardness obtained obtains with actual measurement is consistent, as it is shown in figure 9, according to complete geneva
The hardness of body, half martensite and martensite-free layer combines workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure
Determine complete martensite, half martensite and the degree of depth of martensite-free layer.
(9) step (6) sensing heating process will predict depth of hardening zone and step (8)
Impewdance matching cooling procedure prediction depth of hardening zone mutually verifies.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that lead for this technology
For the those of ordinary skill in territory, on the premise of without departing from the technology of the present invention principle, it is also possible to
Making some improvement and deformation, these improve and deformation also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. impewdance matching processes the depth of hardening zone measuring method of axle part, it is characterised in that: profit
Measure the depth of hardening zone of impewdance matching workpiece with ANSYS finite element analysis platform, specifically wrap
Include following steps:
Step one, sets up model；The sensing of workpiece is built according to impewdance matching actual working environment
Quenching solid finite element model；It is that several two dimension coupled fields are real by finite element solid Module Division
Body unit, determines attribute and the material properties of workpiece, i.e. technique of two dimension coupled field solid element
Parameter；
Step 2, simulation heating process；Apply thermal source load, thermal convection current constraints and border
On each node of condition extremely two dimension coupled field solid element, analogue inductive Quench heating process temperature
Field change, and use direct method that workpiece carries out 9 Cr 2 steel using electromagnetic heating coupling analysis calculating, obtain workpiece mould
Intend heating-up temperature with In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；Calculate workpiece heating rate after loss of excitation, and root
According to workpiece laser heating austenitizing phase transition temperature-heating-rate curve figure, calculate workpiece Ovshinsky
Beginning temperature Ac of body1With end temp Ac3；Utilize the beginning temperature of workpiece austenitizing
Ac1With end temp Ac3Work is determined with on In The Radial Spreading Curve figure in workpiece simulation heating temperature
Part austenite distribution diametrically；
Step 3, simulates cooling procedure；After simulation heating is disposed, load heat convection system
Number, analogue inductive quenching cooling procedure change of temperature field；By workpiece radially different depth
Cooling chart obtains the workpiece 700 DEG C of cooling velocity distribution maps at radially different depth；Adopt
The hard of the radially different depth of workpiece is gone out by Maynier microstructure Prediction model and HV hardness calculation
Angle value, obtains workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure；According to complete martensite, half geneva
The hardness of body and martensite-free layer combines workpiece HV hardness In The Radial Spreading Curve figure and determines completely
Martensite, half martensite and the degree of depth of martensite-free layer；
Step 4, mutually verifies step 2 and step 3.
Impewdance matching the most according to claim 1 processes the depth of hardening zone of axle part and measures
Method, it is characterised in that: in described step one, modeling process considers between workpiece and induction coil
Gap and air field；Wherein, surface of the work is divided into compact district, and central part is divided into coarse
District, longitudinally divided precision is 0.125mm, and induction coil is divided into 20 cells；Air field
Use free dividing mode.
Impewdance matching the most according to claim 1 processes the depth of hardening zone of axle part and measures
Method, it is characterised in that: the material properties of workpiece include inductor and workpiece relative permeability,
The density of material of workpiece, workpiece specific heat capacity and workpiece resistivity.
Impewdance matching the most according to claim 1 processes the depth of hardening zone of axle part and measures
Method, it is characterised in that: boundary condition includes environment temperature, induction heating current density, work
The part coefficient of heat conduction and heat transfer boundary coefficient.
Impewdance matching the most according to claim 1 processes the depth of hardening zone of axle part and measures
Method, it is characterised in that: utilize beginning temperature Ac of workpiece austenitizing1And end temp
Ac3In workpiece simulation heating temperature with determining on In The Radial Spreading Curve figure that workpiece austenite is radially
On distribution, detailed process is: end temp Ac3Corresponding radial depth δ100%AFor complete
Fully austenitic structure；Start temperature Ac1Corresponding radial depth δ0%AFor starting austenite structure；
Radial depth at the medium temperature 791 DEG C of austenite structure and beginning austenite structure completely
δ50%AIt it is 50% austenite structure.
Impewdance matching the most according to claim 1 processes the depth of hardening zone of axle part and measures
Method, it is characterised in that: HV hardness calculation formula is:
HVM=569.95+21lgV
HVB=-41.8+82.95lgV
HVF+P=175.63+7.6lgV
Wherein, HVMVickers hardness for martensite M；HVBVickers for bainite B is hard
Degree；HVF+PVickers hardness for ferrite with pearlite mixing F+P；V is Axial and radial node
700 DEG C of instantaneous cooling speed.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107245557A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on TTT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matchings |
| CN107245552A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on CCT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matching |
| CN107907566A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-13 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | A kind of test method for predicting metal material laser hardening depth |
| CN107904393A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-13 | 徐工集团工程机械有限公司 | The definite method of machine components heat treatment-strengthening process requirement |
| CN112084603A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head |
| CN114250343A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江欧迪恩传动科技股份有限公司 | Production, calculation, heating and verification method for reducing strength difference of mandrel |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107245557A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on TTT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matchings |
| CN107245552A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-10-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | Hardened layer tissue and hardness method based on CCT curve prediction shaft member impewdance matching |
| CN107904393A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-13 | 徐工集团工程机械有限公司 | The definite method of machine components heat treatment-strengthening process requirement |
| CN107907566A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-04-13 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | A kind of test method for predicting metal material laser hardening depth |
| CN112084603A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-12-15 | 泰尔重工股份有限公司 | Method for acquiring quenching and heating technological parameters of heavy-load universal shaft fork head |
| CN114250343A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江欧迪恩传动科技股份有限公司 | Production, calculation, heating and verification method for reducing strength difference of mandrel |
| CN114250343B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-10-31 | 浙江欧迪恩传动科技股份有限公司 | Production, calculation, heating and verification method for reducing mandrel strength difference |
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Application publication date: 20160907 |