CN1059303A - The production technology of powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts - Google Patents
The production technology of powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN1059303A CN1059303A CN 91109487 CN91109487A CN1059303A CN 1059303 A CN1059303 A CN 1059303A CN 91109487 CN91109487 CN 91109487 CN 91109487 A CN91109487 A CN 91109487A CN 1059303 A CN1059303 A CN 1059303A
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Abstract
The present invention is the production technology of metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder: earlier the metal dust that meets the granularity requirement is put into the pressure burning component die die cavity with final products shape and carry out hot-forming sintering, the rotary forging press that in type parison is put into precision die and placed two-way feed to exert pressure carries out cold spreading densification again, at last workpiece is carried out the free sintering of secondary.This technological process is short, work efficiency is high, the equipment less investment, and mould structure is simple, work situation is good, save the energy, can the processing belt flange or multistage become diameter and be step-like complex parts, be the quite rising new technology that realizes powder metallurgy sintered mechanical structure parts at present.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of forming and sintering to metal dust, and adopt rotary forging to make the further densification and reach the process of part processing precision of sintering machinery constitutional detail tissue, belong to metal material moulding technical field with powder metallurgy sintered maker constitutional detail.
Compare with sintering metal anti-friction part, sintering metal friction parts, the sintering machinery constitutional detail is output maximum in the powder metallurgy industry, the widest series products of application surface, is widely used in automobile, agricultural machinery, lathe, hydraulic part, office machinery, household electrical appliance and light industry and machinery etc.And along with the development and the raising of industrial technology level, the range of application of sintering machinery constitutional detail can enlarge day by day, and the requirement of its product also can be increasing.It is predicted that by 1985 and 2000, only China's automobile industry will reach 5500 tons and 13600 tons to the expense of powder metallurgy mechanical parts.So big social demand must have advanced large-scale industry production technology and supermatic equipment, could adapt to and satisfy the demands.
Because high-intensity or complex-shaped mechanical structure parts requires to have high-wearing feature, high mechanical properties and very high geometric accuracy, could be competent at the engineering practical application.For this reason, behind sintering, all to carry out rational postorder processing with the constitutional detail of powder metallurgy sintered manufacturing, for example: the multiple pressure, resintering, heat is forged, surperficial cure process or the like.Wherein making from the powder hotforging of extensive development of the sixties is the technology that has much representational manufacturing sintered structural part.The eighties Germany in mid-term Ke Lebaisuogeer (krebsoge) company has released the power forging production technology that can be applied to produce in batches, includes in powder preparation-press forming-weight detecting-sintering-coated graphite-eddy-current heating-hot die forming-medium and cools off.(referring to " PM technique " 1987 the 8th phases P.186-P.187) this powder forging process complexity, operation is many, long flow path, wherein compression moulding and forge hot all will be used the large-tonnage forging equipment, the table of equipment number is many, and investment is big, and mould manufacturing difficulty and service life are short, energy consumption is also big, so fail to obtain penetration and promotion.The eighties has developed the cold multiple technology (RCR) of pressing of a kind of sintering structure spare revolution again round the defective of traditional power forging shaping.This technology is the improvement to the multiple compression technology technology of tradition, but this technology still needs the parison of colding pressing.And for example, " the method manufacturing of giving profiled member with the rotary squeeze sintering needs part " in " powder metallurgy " (" Powder Metallurgy ") the 3rd phase of nineteen eighty-three 129-135 page or leaf, introduced, be after pouring into metal dust in the die cavity earlier, carry out the unidirectional compression moulding of single face with rotary forging press, carry out sintering again and the profiled member that gives behind the sintering is turned round cold forging again and makes.Though the RCR method has been save the large-tonnage hydraulic press, but it still needs accurate mould, and, greater than (single face is compressed to and guarantees that the inhomogeneity maximum processing thickness of workpiece density is 20 millimeters) of 20 millimeters thickness or become the step-like complicated shape constitutional detail that is of diameter, difficulty of processing is very big.Moreover, make later machine components through the revolution cold forging, its field of employment and condition of work all are conditional.Because exist, and partly fail to realize defective such as multiple nip territory, influence the fatigue life and the mechanical and physical performance of part at the cold stress that also has mechanical bond part and flow harden in the densification process of pressing again.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of production technology that can overcome the powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts of above-mentioned prior art defective, and take this to solve the various contradictions of quality, social demand and the production capacity of mechanical structure parts.
The present invention is a kind of process of producing powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts.It is achieved in that earlier the mixed powder that meets iron-based, copper base or other Metal Substrate that granularity requires or give alloyed powder put into have the final products shape, burn the component die die cavity with heating resisting metal or the nonmetal pressure of making, again this mould is put into continuous pressure sintering stove, in reducing atmosphere, carry out hot-forming sintering, one time-completion shaping and sintering two procedures make sintered part(s) obtain certain shape and density.The technological parameter of pressure sintering (temperature, time) is 900 ℃-1250 ℃ and 30-90 minute for iron; For copper-based material is 700 ℃-900 ℃ and 10-40 minute, and hot-forming pressure is 40-80 megapoise (Mpa) to the maximum; Then in type part parison is put in the precision die die cavity, the rotary forging press that places two-way feed to exert pressure carries out cold spreading densification: promote the counterdie feeding of upwards exerting pressure by following oil cylinder, simultaneously, the patrix of upper end yaw in downward feeding in the upper end of part and do rotation spreading campaign, obtains the two-way loading of continuous and local thus under the promotion of upper cylinder.In this process, make part under less machining load, produce suitable plastic deformation, can more easily eliminate position, intracell hole, improve its densification degree and dimensional accuracy; At last, again workpiece is carried out the free sintering of secondary, make it to increase dense structure's degree, eliminate cold-working stress, make the mechanical bond of some particle be converted into metallurgical binding and improve its mechanical strength.
Characteristics of the present invention are: 1. the powder hotforging production technology and turn round cold compaction moulding in the cold multiple compression technology and the sintering two procedures is merged into a procedure and finishes, saved large-tonnage hydraulic press and accurate cold pressing forming mould, shortened technological process.2. compare with powder hotforging technology, except that technology simply, also saved large-tonnage warm forming machine, hot-forging die and induction heating equipment, saved equipment investment and energy consumption.3. compare with the cold multiple compression technology of revolution, owing to adopted the novel rotary forging press that two-way feed is exerted pressure and bottom multilayer oil cylinder plunger is exerted pressure up and down, can successfully finish thickness with less pressure and be not more than 40 millimeters mechanical structure parts in the scope above 20 millimeters, make it basic densified fully and can the processing belt shoulder or multistage become the complex parts of diameter, can make part reach higher density with less machining load, reduce residual porosity.4. pass through double sintering again, make the mechanical bond of part in rotary forging processing partly realize metallurgical binding, flow harden is partly eliminated stress, thereby improve the physical and mechanical properties and the service life of part.Since rotary forging be continuously, local, stably stress on part in the mould, be not shock loading and the pressure in the forge hot, the pressure of pressurization also is significantly smaller than the numerical value of forge hot, so just makes greatly prolong the service life of mould, normally original more than 10 times of service life.This benefit that makes work produce again obtains large increase.
Process characteristic of the present invention makes it to be particularly suitable for the machine components machining shape complexity and many step shapes band shoulder, change diameter.For example, become dish, the wheel of diameter, the flange of band boss and jaw clutch etc.The present invention is especially suitable for the processing plane constitutional detail, typical product has automobile synchro converter ring, snail gear ring, pulley in the transmission device, bevel gear in the differential gear, cam disc in the diesel engine, the sound impact block in clutch of motorcycle gear, sprocket wheel and the electric impact drill etc.In a word, utilize the product of explained hereafter of the present invention can relate to many industrial circles such as lathe, instrument, chemical industry, oil, metallurgy, coal, railway, traffic, military project, light textile, it is the latest development of this metal material moulding technology of powder metallurgy.
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the pendulum of many step shapes of flange type part among the present invention is rolled over schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the product figure (A) and the cutaway view (B) thereof of tentative enforcement among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention rolles over the processing schematic diagram to the pendulum of product shown in Figure 3.
Below in conjunction with the technological process of accompanying drawing, specifically introduce the present invention.Fig. 1 has represented technological process of the present invention.At first be that powder is prepared, two implications are arranged here: powder size is prepared and weight is prepared.Powder can be the powder of multiple Metal Substrate: iron-based powder, and the powder of Cu-base powder or other Metal Substrate, they can be to give alloyed powder or mixed powder.Employed powder should be chosen best granularity and forms, wherein by 325 eye mesh screens to be not less than 50%, all the other also should pass through 100 orders.And, use weighing method or volumetric method according to the pts wt that calculates and the complex structure degree of part, the metal dust of constant weight or volume is put into giving of part neutralize in the burning mold cavity.This mould generally has the final products geometry of part, and its size will guarantee that workpiece leaves before rotary forging: 0.02-0.20 millimeter radially, axially shaping, filling, extruding and the retrofit of 0.5-5 millimeter gives allowance.
This mould system selects heating resisting metal or nonmetal making for use according to different hot-forming temperatures and method.The mould that then will install the metal dust that meets granularity and weight requirement is put in the sintering furnace, carries out the extrusion forming sintering in reducing atmosphere.The extrusion forming sintering is to utilize its pressure transmission dish and workpiece under the situation that the supercharging gradually and the external force of its deadweight are exerted pressure in the described vertical pressurization continuous fritting furnace of Chinese patent application CN89106589.X, and workpiece is implemented under the pressure condition by giving the forming and sintering process of heat, intensification, insulation, cooling.The technological parameter of pressure sintering (temperature and time) is 900 ℃-1250 ℃ degrees centigrade and 30-90 minute for iron-based powder, is 700 ℃-900 ℃ degrees centigrade and 10-40 minute for Cu-base powder, and the pressure of extrusion forming is 40-80 MPa (MPa).The characteristics of this operation are, conventional cold moudling and sintering two procedures are merged into a procedure once finish, and have saved main equipment, have shortened technological process, have improved heat utilization efficiency, have reduced energy resource consumption.This operation is that follow-up spreading operation provides the foundation, and the part parison blank of certain size size promptly is provided, and makes the strength of connection and the density of the powder particle of parison reach certain requirement.The hot-forming density of part generally will can be controlled in according to the complexity of shape between the relative density of 0.45-0.85, can both reach the requirement of rolling rolling so that its powder is filled the degree of complicated die die cavity, enter bidirectional swinging spreading (ROTARY FORGING) operation then.The part parison that sinters, be placed in the accurate component die die cavity, place on the rotary forging machine that two-way feed exerts pressure, carry out cold spreading.The signal of its process is referring to Fig. 2.Pendulum of the present invention is as seen from Figure 2 rolled over the process that processing is the bidirectional pressing and the rotary forging of a complexity.
Among Fig. 2, the 1st, this part one end of workpiece is flanged, the other end be have different-diameter, different length, be the step cylindrical component.The 2nd, forging die on the rotary forging press is a patrix with workpiece upper flange end profile bus to be installed constitute on last yaw.The 3rd, the core bar is loaded on workpiece central authorities.The 4th, die is used for placing and fixation workpiece.The 5th, following outer punch, the 6th, down interior punch, this two punch are that two different plungers by rotary forging press lower end multilayer oil cylinder promote down respectively to move upward and push Workpiece shaping.When pendulum rolling work, each plunger of lower end multilayer oil cylinder rises respectively, and the lower punch that is pushing away the different two-layer cylindrical boss of flange lower end length moves upward, and simultaneously, the yaw patrix is except that doing the oscillating motion end face of flange, also downwards do the feeding motion of exerting pressure.Finish thus that an end is flanged, the other end is the flange of multilayer ledge structure part and the forming parts of multilayer step shape.By this complicated course of exerting pressure, make this part each several part can both reach fine and close substantially, strengthen its physical and mechanical properties.
The novel bidirectional pressing rotary forging press that the present invention is used, its structure and motion characteristic are: go up yaw except that making rotational oscillating motion, also have oil cylinder to promote to go up the feed motion that the yaw work is exerted pressure downwards, promptly also can realize the downward feed motion of upper mould.Patrix with workpiece upper flange end profile shape of generatrix can also be installed on the last yaw put this flange shape of rolling moulding.The following oil cylinder of workbench bottom then is made up of two-layer above a plurality of oil cylinders of the nested structure that is inlaid with small oil tank in the large tank plunger and piston structure.Can drive corresponding bottom multilayer oil cylinder according to the quantity that the part multistage becomes the diameter step, make it in accordance with regulations the dimensional requirement feeding that makes progress and exert pressure, finish the pendulum of its bidirectional pressing thus and roll over complex process.
The technological parameter of rotary forging is as follows: the angle of patrix axis and axis of workpiece is 0 °-3 °, last forging die rotary speed is 200-300 rev/min, the pressure limit of spreading is 200-500 megapoise (Mpa), and usually, the patrix rotation 10-30 circle that feeding is exerted pressure just can machine a part.
The part that pendulum is rolled over moulding then is admitted in the net belt type sintering furnace, carries out the free sintering of secondary in reducing atmosphere.The technological parameter of double sintering, identical when promptly sintering temperature and temperature retention time all can be with forming and sinterings do not re-use mould during the just double sintering of being distinguished and no longer pressurizes.This time the effect of sintering is that the institutional framework of workpiece is further changed is close, and makes its intergranular mechanical bond after spreading partly become metallurgical binding, eliminates cold-working stress and further improves its mechanical strength.
At last, by the ISO pertinent regulations processing parts is carried out every technical performance check warehouse-in, perhaps carry out follow-up heat treatment step, perhaps carry out some special retrofits etc. according to the instructions for use of product.
Through to the experimental enforcement of part, further represented potential advantages of the present invention.
The machine components of implementing are jeep car transmission main shaft two, third gear synchro converter ring (referring to Fig. 3), this product number of teeth: 30, and modulus: 2.0767, taper angle: 7 degree, taper hole diameter: φ 50,64/46 * 13 millimeter of appearance and size φ.Concrete implementation condition is: give 0.06 kilogram of alloyed powder with QSn6-6-3 earlier, press and burn pressure 50 MPas (Mpa), temperature: 860 degree, and sintering time: 20 minutes technological parameter, carry out pressure sintering, press and burn the solid density that back parison density reaches 0.68-0.70.Pressure sintering process has been finished this part embryo of (comprising circumferential gear), upper surface at this circumferential gear leaves＜the processing technology surplus of 1 millimeters thick, be when rolling over, can guarantee the density of circumferential gear and dimensional accuracy downwards after last yaw is exerted pressure and give and staying for two-way pendulum.Pressure when pendulum rolling and two-way feed: 220 MPas (Mpa), 240 rev/mins of rotating speeds, about 10 seconds of the time of exerting pressure.Double sintering temperature: 820 degree.Time: 10 minutes.Test result for the laboratory sample of not doing screw thread and retrofit: density: 8.35g/cm
3Hardness: HB60-65.Behind the double sintering, cutting is removed all teeth upper surface technology and is given allowance and processing internal taper hole screw thread, has promptly finished the processing of this part.
Fig. 4 illustrative the two-way pendulum of this part technical process of rolling over.10 is these parts among the figure, the 11st, and forging die on the rotary forging press, the 12nd, the part type core bar, the 13rd, lower punch promotes its extrusion forming that moves upward by the oil cylinder plunger.The 14th, install the die that workpiece is used.
It is as shown in the table to utilize the present invention to process the technical economic benefit of above-mentioned part:
| Part name | Technology | Material | Equipment | Part price unit/part | Save |
| Transmission main shaft two, third gear synchro converter ring | The precision forging traditional handicraft | ZQSn6－6－3 | 800 tons of punch presses | 10.80 | |
| Hot pressing--pendulum is rolled over new technology | QSn6-6-3 gives alloy powder | The NRT100H rotary forging press | 5.12 | 5.68 unit/part |
In sum, the present invention is a kind of new technology that has much future that realizes the automated production of powder metallurgy sintered mechanical structure parts industrialness.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of manufacturing technique method of the metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder, it is characterized in that: at first the mixed powder that meets iron-based, copper base or other Metal Substrate that granularity requires or give alloyed powder put into have the final products shape, burn the component die die cavity with heating resisting metal or the nonmetal pressure of making, again this mould is put into continuous pressure sintering stove, carry out hot-forming sintering in reducing atmosphere, the technological parameter of pressure sintering (temperature, time) is 900 ℃-1250 ℃ and 30-90 minute for iron; For copper-based material is 700 ℃-900 ℃ and 10-40 minute, and hot-forming pressure is 40-80 megapoise (Mpa) to the maximum; Then in type parison is put in the precision die die cavity, the rotary forging press that places two-way feed to exert pressure carries out cold spreading densification; At last workpiece is carried out the free sintering of secondary, make it to increase dense structure's degree, eliminate cold-working stress, the mechanical bond of some particle is converted into metallurgical binding and improves its mechanical strength.
2, the manufacturing technique method of the metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the Metal Substrate mixed powder of being prepared or give alloy powder, its granularity will be all by 100 eye mesh screens, wherein will be not less than 50% by 325 eye mesh screens.
3, the manufacturing technique method of the metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described part gives neutralizing burns mould and should have the final products geometry of part, its size will guarantee that workpiece leaves before rotary forging: 0.02-0.20 millimeter radially, axially shaping, filling, extruding and the retrofit of 0.5-5 millimeter gives allowance.
4, the manufacturing technique method of the metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the technological parameter that carries out cold spreading densification in the rotary forging press that two-way feed is exerted pressure is: patrix axis and axis of workpiece angle are 0 ℃-3 ℃, last forging die rotary speed is 200-300 rev/min, and the pressure limit of spreading is 200-500 megapoise (MPa).
5, the manufacturing technique method of the metallurgical machinery constitutional detail that makes powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the part after the cold spreading is placed on technological parameter when carrying out the free sintering of secondary in the sintering furnace, for iron-based and copper-based powder material, the technological parameter during all with first sintering is identical.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91109487 CN1019901C (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 | Production technology of powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91109487 CN1019901C (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 | Production technology of powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1059303A true CN1059303A (en) | 1992-03-11 |
| CN1019901C CN1019901C (en) | 1993-02-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91109487 Expired - Fee Related CN1019901C (en) | 1991-10-11 | 1991-10-11 | Production technology of powder metallurgy for mechanical structure parts |
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| CN (1) | CN1019901C (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298892C (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2007-02-07 | 石忠宁 | Aluminium electrolyzing inert anode of Fe base aluminium oxide composite material and its preparing method |
| CN100384571C (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2008-04-30 | 胡长安 | Method and apparatus for producing materials of double metal shaft sleeve parts |
| CN100469493C (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2009-03-18 | 华南理工大学 | Powder metallurgy composite antimicrobial stainless steel instrument and its preparation method |
| CN101579736B (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-07-20 | 义乌市兴美饰品有限公司 | Formulation of high copper-iron based decorative material and manufacturing technique |
| CN102138386A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-08-03 | 宁波大叶园林设备有限公司 | Powder metallurgy bevel speed-changing gear box with internal taper sleeve clutch for lawn machine |
| CN104889402A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | Production method of aluminum-based powder metallurgy parts |
| CN104889403A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing iron-based powder metallurgy components |
| CN110434324A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of high-performance powder wrought alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113182523A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-30 | 博深股份有限公司 | Method for preparing diamond cutter teeth through high-temperature press sintering |
-
1991
- 1991-10-11 CN CN 91109487 patent/CN1019901C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298892C (en) * | 2003-01-14 | 2007-02-07 | 石忠宁 | Aluminium electrolyzing inert anode of Fe base aluminium oxide composite material and its preparing method |
| CN100384571C (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2008-04-30 | 胡长安 | Method and apparatus for producing materials of double metal shaft sleeve parts |
| CN100469493C (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2009-03-18 | 华南理工大学 | Powder metallurgy composite antimicrobial stainless steel instrument and its preparation method |
| CN101579736B (en) * | 2009-07-01 | 2011-07-20 | 义乌市兴美饰品有限公司 | Formulation of high copper-iron based decorative material and manufacturing technique |
| CN102138386A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-08-03 | 宁波大叶园林设备有限公司 | Powder metallurgy bevel speed-changing gear box with internal taper sleeve clutch for lawn machine |
| CN104889402A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | Production method of aluminum-based powder metallurgy parts |
| CN104889403A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 东睦新材料集团股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing iron-based powder metallurgy components |
| CN110434324A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-12 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of high-performance powder wrought alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113182523A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-30 | 博深股份有限公司 | Method for preparing diamond cutter teeth through high-temperature press sintering |
| CN113182523B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-12-30 | 博深股份有限公司 | Method for preparing diamond cutter teeth through high-temperature press sintering |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1019901C (en) | 1993-02-17 |
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