CN105928684A - Deposition rule testing device of debris flow meeting with barrier, and application method of deposition rule testing device - Google Patents
Deposition rule testing device of debris flow meeting with barrier, and application method of deposition rule testing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a de rule testing device of a debris flow meeting with a barrier, and an application method of the deposition rule testing device. The device is based on a variable slope slideway and a transparent model groove vertical design, and gives consideration to the impact from an underwater barrier and the variable slope slideway. Through an ultrasonic rangefinder, a flow meter, a high-speed camera, a miniature three-dimensional camera and an automatic digital camera, the device records the underwater stacking and migration of the debris flow, and researches the instant stacking characteristics when the debris flow impacts on the variable slope slideway in a mountainous region and the long-time migration rule of gravels when the debris flow meets with the barrier. The device and method can record the underwater flowing speed and stacking characteristics of the debris flow, and also can observe the long-time migration rule of gravels after the gravels are deposited at a river bottom. The device and method have higher reference values for the research of the rule of impact on a watercourse from the debris flow and the damage to the watercourse from the debris flow and the instruction of the related disaster prevention and reduction engineering design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to disaster of mountain massif coast research field, with current, barrier when being primarily adapted for use in mud-rock-flow-impact river course
The technical fields such as interaction, and can be extended to other solid particles accumulation research field, it is specifically related to a kind of mud-rock flow and meets
Barrier deposition rule assay device and using method thereof.
Background technology
Disaster study field, mud-rock flow is one of common mountain area natural disaster to the impact in river course, and river work is built by it
Build and all have large effect with ripples form in bed configuration, river course etc.；Mud-rock flow is deposition rule in river course impact process
Research is important foundation and the core of river dynamics basic research, bed configuration research, disaster prevention and mitigation engineering detail design etc.
Heart key element.The test of mud-rock-flow-impact mountain area change slope channel deposit law study is to understand and grasp mud-stone flow disaster to river, mountain area
One of most effective and most important means of road impact and destructive power gradation law thereof.Therefore, one is sought visual
Mud-rock-flow-impact mountain area change slope channel deposit rule assay device, is the directions that lay siege to of engineers and technicians, is also right
Mud-stone flow disaster Diffusion Law under water and the essential condition to waters destructive power research.
The most conventional mud-rock flow movement assay device, only for its motion feature on ground and stacking sequence, not yet has pin
To the assay device piling up research behind mud-rock-flow-impact river course, it is impossible to the instantaneous stacking characteristic behind mud-rock-flow-impact river course,
And long time scale Transport carries out analysis of experiments behind gravel deposition river bed.Therefore, the technical program designs vertical change
Hill wash road and see-through model groove, and make to keep in see-through model groove water body flow, it is considered to the factor of underwater obstacle and
The impact in ramp, changeable slope, the stacking characteristic under water during simulation mud-rock-flow-impact vertical fluid；Utilize ultrasonic range finder,
High-speed camera, miniature three-dimensional camera, automatic digital camera and current meter, record mud-rock flow flow velocity under water, accumulation spy
Point, river bed morphological change characteristics, and observe long time scale Transport and mud-stone flow disaster behind gravel deposition river bed
Diffusion Law under water.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of mud-rock flow to meet barrier deposition
Rule assay device and using method thereof, solve in conventional mud-rock flow movement simulation test device, it is impossible to carries out meeting obstacle
Pile up simulation during thing under water, the Diffusion Law under water when mud-rock-flow-impact enters river course cannot be observed, and long time scale is moved
Move the technical problem of feature.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, the mud-rock flow chance barrier deposition rule assay device of the present invention includes: thoroughly
Bright model groove and water storage box, described see-through model groove is the cuboid of lower seal, upper opening, its two relative sides
It is respectively arranged with water inlet and outlet, water inlet and outlet on face and connects water storage box respectively；On described see-through model groove
It is additionally provided with change hill wash road, becomes hill wash road vertical with the side at water inlet place；A row it is additionally provided with in see-through model groove
Current meter, current meter is positioned on the extended line becoming hill wash road, is fixed on the bottom of see-through model groove, is used for recording simulation examination
Water velocity feature during testing；Transparent hollow barrier, transparent hollow barrier it is additionally provided with in see-through model groove
Becoming between hill wash road and outlet, be provided with miniature three-dimensional camera in hollow barrier, be used for recording barrier four
All piling height variation characteristics and the Bed Load Movement feature at top；It is provided above ultrasonic ranging at see-through model groove
Instrument, is used for recording see-through model trench bottom landform；The lateral outer being perpendicular to water inlet place is provided with high-speed camera,
Instantaneous accumulation after catching mud-rock-flow-impact see-through model groove and motion feature；Relative with becoming side, place, hill wash road
Lateral outer be provided with automatic digital camera, when being used for recording the mud-rock-flow-impact water surface front motion and diffusion characteristic.
Wherein, become hill wash road and be provided with change hill wash road valve, become the hill wash road valve profile height higher than see-through model groove,
Become more than hill wash road valve and store district into mud-rock flow, be used for holding debris flows simulation material；Become below hill wash road valve into sliding
Dynamic ramp, is provided with ramp rotating shaft in slide ramp, for adjusting the gradient of slide ramp.
Wherein, the camera lens of described ultrasonic range finder is perpendicular to become hill wash road, and can water (flow) direction along see-through model groove
Motion.
Wherein, the camera lens of described high-speed camera is perpendicular to become hill wash road, with the water level in see-through model with high.
Wherein, the camera lens of described automatic digital camera is perpendicular to become hill wash road, with see-through model trough inner water position with high.
The invention also discloses the using method utilizing above-mentioned mud-rock flow to meet barrier deposition rule assay device, including following
Step:
(1) debris flows simulation material is made: described debris flows simulation material includes solid particle and liquid；
(2) arrange and Adjustment Tests device: the hill wash road rotating shaft that becomes adjusting on described change hill wash road reaches default
Become angle of slope and fix, closing and become hill wash road valve；
Check current meter, adjust high-speed camera and the height of automatic digital camera and lens direction, make both height with thoroughly
The height of water level preset in bright model groove is concordant, and camera lens is perpendicular to become hill wash road；Adjust the lens direction of ultrasonic range finder,
Its camera lens is made to be perpendicular to become hill wash road；
(3) simulation mud-rock flow washes away, and catches relevant information: weighed by prefabricated simulation debris flows simulation material, and
The mud-rock flow inserting change hill wash road saves district；Open see-through model groove water inlet and the valve of outlet and water pump, adjust into
The mouth of a river and the flow velocity of outlet, reach preset water level and keep constant in making see-through model groove；
Open ultrasonic range finder, high-speed camera, miniature three-dimensional camera and automatic digital camera；
Open change hill wash road valve, make debris flows simulation material flow into see-through model groove, and be correlated with by each observation instrument record
Parameters, to this group result of the test；
(4) data process and analyze
Based on observing image, the video information photographed, utilize image processing techniques analysis, it is thus achieved that mud-rock-flow-impact becomes slope
Water surface waveform Changing Pattern and water-bed mud-rock flow diffusion characteristic when river course, chance barrier.
(5) cleaning plant, prepares for lower battery of tests
Close see-through model groove water inlet valve and pump switch, and see-through model trough inner water is all expelled to water storage box
After, close see-through model groove outlet valve and pump switch；Clean see-through model groove and become hill wash road；By in water storage box
Water is discharged, is cleaned water storage box, and rejoins clean water in water storage box, carries out lower battery of tests；
Repeat the above steps (2) is to (5), until completing all of default test.
Beneficial effect: the mud-rock flow of the present invention meets barrier deposition rule assay device by utilizing see-through model groove, becoming slope
Slideway, ramp rotating shaft simulation mud-rock-flow-impact become river course, slope, utilize ultrasonic range finder, high-speed camera, miniature simultaneously
When three-dimensional camera and automatically digital camera catch mud-rock-flow-impact change river course, slope, both can record mud-rock flow and flow under water
Speed, pile characteristics, river bed morphological change characteristics, it is also possible to long time scale Transport after observation gravel deposition.This
Bright device is for mud-rock flow and streamflow vertical fluid two-layer stream motion feature, it is considered to underwater obstacle and ramp, changeable slope
Impact, to observe the most instantaneous stacking characteristic of mud-stone flow disaster and long time scale Transport, to research Debris-flow Hazard
The harmful Impact Law to river course and destruction, and instruct relevant disaster prevention and mitigation engineering design to have important reference value.
Meanwhile, assay device is simple to operate, it is easy to accomplish.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram that in the present invention, mud-rock flow meets barrier deposition rule assay device；
Fig. 2 is see-through model groove and the top view of each accessory；
Wherein, 1 is see-through model groove, and 2 for becoming hill wash road, and 3 is water inlet, and 4 is outlet, and 5 is current meter, 6
For water pump, 7 is water storage box, and 8 for becoming hill wash road valve, and 9 is ultrasonic range finder, and 10 is transparent hollow barrier,
11 automatic digital cameras, 12 is ramp rotating shaft, and 13 is high-speed camera, 14 miniature three-dimensional cameras, and 15 is total pipeline.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1:
Mud-rock flow in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 is met barrier deposition rule assay device and is included: see-through model groove 1 and respectively assisting
Parts and water storage box 7, see-through model groove 1 is the cuboid of lower seal, upper opening, on its two relative sides
Being respectively arranged with water inlet 3 and outlet 4, water inlet 3 connects water storage box 7 by water-main 15, and outlet 4 passes through
Water-main 15 connects water storage box 7 (not shown), and water-main 15 is provided with water pump 6；On see-through model groove 1 also
It is provided with change hill wash road 2, becomes hill wash road 2 vertical with the side at water inlet 3 place, become hill wash road 2 and be provided with change hill wash
Road valve 8, becomes the hill wash road valve 8 profile height higher than see-through model groove 1, and becoming hill wash road valve more than 8 is mudstone
Stream stores district, is below slide ramp, is provided with ramp rotating shaft 12 in slide ramp, for adjusting the slope of slide ramp
Degree；Being additionally provided with row's current meter 5 in see-through model groove 1, current meter 5 is positioned on the extended line becoming hill wash road 2,
It is fixed on see-through model trench bottom, for recording the water velocity feature in simulation test procedure；In see-through model groove 1
Being additionally provided with transparent hollow barrier 10, transparent hollow barrier 10 is becoming between hill wash road 2 and outlet 4, empty
It is provided with miniature three-dimensional camera 14 in heart barrier 10, is used for recording barrier surrounding piling height variation characteristic and top
The Bed Load Movement feature in portion；It is provided above ultrasonic range finder 9, ultrasonic range finder 9 at see-through model groove 1
Camera lens be perpendicular to become hill wash road 2, and be fixed on and slide bar, slide bar and connect roof by steel wire rope, can be along transparent mould
Water (flow) direction in type groove 1, records see-through model trench bottom landform；Outside the vertical and side of side, water inlet 3 place
Portion is provided with high-speed camera 13, and the camera lens of high-speed camera 13 is perpendicular to become in hill wash road 2, with see-through model 1
Water level, with high, is used for the instantaneous accumulation after catching mud-rock-flow-impact see-through model groove 1 and motion feature；With become hill wash road
The relative lateral outer in 2 side, places is provided with automatic digital camera 11, and the camera lens of automatic digital camera 11 is perpendicular to become
In hill wash road, with see-through model groove 1, water level is with high, front motion and diffusion characteristic when being used for recording the mud-rock-flow-impact water surface.
The material of above-mentioned see-through model groove 1 can select transparent organic glass or transparent toughened glass, and dimension width is
100cm～140cm, a length of 400cm～500cm, height are 1cm～2cm for 30cm～50cm, wall thickness；Enter
The mouth of a river 3 and outlet 4 are set to 7～10, and aperture is 1cm～2cm, with each cross section water in ensureing see-through model groove
Stream flow velocity is uniform.
The material of above-mentioned water storage box 7 can select rustless steel or aluminum, and using width is 80cm～120cm, a length of
The cuboid that 80cm～120cm, height are 80cm～120cm, wall thickness is 1cm～2cm.
Above-mentioned total pipeline 15, its material is pvc pipe or steel pipe, a diameter of 5cm～8cm, and length is according to test needs
Determine.
Above-mentioned change hill wash road 2, its material is PVC or timber, become hill wash road valve 8 apart from slide top into 30cm～
40cm, the part of see-through model groove more than 1 has sidewall, upper opening, and the part within see-through model groove 1 is without sidewall；
Become hill wash road 2 width be 20cm～40cm, Sidewall Height is 15cm～30cm, have sidewall sections lengths be 100cm～
200cm, is 50cm～80cm without sidewall sections lengths, and wall thickness is 1cm～2cm, becomes hill wash road 2 and see-through model groove
1 liang of broad side walls distance should be not less than 35cm；It is provided with 1～3 without sidewall sections and becomes slope rotating shaft, can be to without sidewall sections slope
Degree is adjusted, and angle excursion is 5 °～60 °.The material becoming hill wash road rotating shaft 12 is PVC or timber, shape
For cylinder, a length of 20cm～40cm, a diameter of 2cm～3cm.
The material of above-mentioned transparent hollow barrier 10 is the non-deformable lucite of rigidity or flexible deformable plastics, quantity
Being 1～9, multiple transparent hollow barriers can be rectangular arrangement, can also arrange for blossom type, and shape can be
The cuboid that a length of 5cm～10cm, width are 5cm～10cm, height is 5cm～10cm, or be a diameter of
The hemisphere of 5cm～10cm, built-in 2～5 the miniature three-dimensional cameras 14 of transparent hollow barrier 10, record
Barrier surrounding piling height variation characteristic and the Bed Load Movement feature at top.
The range ability of above-mentioned current meter 5 is 0m/s～10m/s, and accuracy rating is 0.01～0.1m/s, quantity be 6～
10.
The model of above-mentioned ultrasonic range finder 9 is VICTOR 851, its range is 0.6-15m, precision is ± 0.5%,
Resolution is 0.01m, angular aperture ± 5 °, hangs on above see-through model groove, and scanning lens is 6～10.Above-mentioned high speed
Video camera 13, number of pictures per second is 800fps～1200fps, and resolution is 500 × 800dpi～900 × 1600dpi；Above-mentioned
Automatically digital camera 11, number of pictures per second is 10fps～50fps, and resolution is 500 × 800dpi～800 × 1200dpi；On
The number of pictures per second stating miniature three-dimensional camera 10 is 10fps～50fps, and resolution is 500 × 800dpi～800 × 1200dpi.
Described debris flows simulation material, is made up of solid particle and liquid, solid particle be density be 1000kg/m3~
5000kg/m3, diameter range be the clear glass ball of 2mm～10mm；Liquid can be pure water, concentration 0.2%～
The sticky stuff of the skin care item Aloe glue that the polyester vinyl of 2.0% or 1:4～1:10 ratios with water are blent, solid particle and liquid
The mass ratio of body is 25%～60%.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize the chance barrier deposition rule assay device of the mud-rock flow in embodiment 1 to carry out test to comprise the following steps:
(1) debris flows simulation material is made:
Relating to the mud-rock flow of two kinds of forms in the present embodiment, one is water-rock debris flow, and one is viscous mud-flow, two kinds of forms
Debris flows simulation material all include solid particle and liquid, difference is mainly in the difference of liquid property.The system of solid particle
Standby:
With the shape and size of see-through model groove 1 as foundation, scale in conjunction with solid matter actual ratio in mud-rock flow, prefabricated
Density is 800kg/m3～5000kg/m3, diameter range is the spheroidal particle of 2mm～10mm, selected 1～3 kind transparent
Glass particle is as the solid particle (the present embodiment is 2 kinds) in simulation mud-rock flow；
The mud-rock flow being variously formulated with liquid mixing of different nature:
1) water-rock debris flow: liquid uses water, is mixed to form the mass ratio of water-rock debris flow, solid particle and water by solid particle and water
It is 25%～60%；
2) viscous debris flow: the polyester vinyl (Carbopol) that liquid uses concentration to be 2.0%～3.0%, or 1:4～1:10
The skin care item Aloe glue that ratios with water is blent, forms viscous debris flow by solid particle and viscous liquid, and solid particle is with glutinous
The mass ratio of property liquid is 25%～60%.
(2) arrange and Adjustment Tests device
Adjust the hill wash road rotating shaft 12 that becomes becoming on hill wash road 2 reach default change angle of slope and fix, close and become slope
Slideway valve 8；
Check current meter 5, adjust high-speed camera 11 and the height of automatic digital camera 13 and lens direction, make both
Height is concordant with the height of water level preset in see-through model groove 1, and camera lens is perpendicular to become hill wash road 2；Adjust ultrasonic ranging
The lens direction of instrument 9 so that it is camera lens is perpendicular to become hill wash road 2.
(3) simulation mud-rock flow washes away, and catches relevant information
Being weighed by prefabricated simulation debris flows simulation material, the mud-rock flow being placed into becoming hill wash road 2 saves district；Open
Bright model groove 1 water inlet 3 and the valve of outlet 4 and water pump, adjust water inlet 3 and flow velocity (this reality of outlet 4
Executing example flow velocity is 1m/s), reach preset water level (the present embodiment is 20cm) in making see-through model groove 1 and keep constant；
Open ultrasonic range finder 9, high-speed camera 11, miniature three-dimensional camera 14 and automatic digital camera 13；
Open change hill wash road valve 8, make debris flows simulation material flow into see-through model groove 1, and by each observation instrument record
Relevant parameters, to this group result of the test.
(4) data process and analyze
Based on observing image, the video information photographed, (the present embodiment uses MPIV to utilize image processing techniques analysis
Software), it is thus achieved that water surface waveform Changing Pattern and water-bed mud-rock flow diffusion spy when mud-rock-flow-impact becomes river course, slope 2, chance barrier
Levy.
(5) cleaning plant, prepares for lower battery of tests
Close see-through model groove 1 water inlet 3 valve and pump switch, and be all expelled to water in see-through model groove 1 store
After water tank 7, close see-through model groove 1 outlet 4 valve and water pump 6 switchs；Clean see-through model groove 1 and become hill wash
Road 2；Water in water storage box 7 is discharged, cleans water storage box 7, and rejoin clean water in water storage box 7, carry out
Lower battery of tests.
Repeat the above steps (2) is to (5), until completing all of default test.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment
Detail, in the technology concept of the present invention, can carry out multiple equivalents to technical scheme,
These equivalents belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a mud-rock flow meets barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterized in that, this device includes: see-through model groove (1) and water storage box (7), described see-through model groove (1) is the cuboid of lower seal, upper opening, it is respectively arranged with water inlet (3) and outlet (4), water inlet (3) and outlet (4) on its two relative sides and connects water storage box (7) respectively；It is additionally provided with change hill wash road (2) on described see-through model groove (1), becomes hill wash road (2) side, place vertical with the side at water inlet (3) place；Being additionally provided with row's current meter (5) in see-through model groove (1), current meter (5) is positioned on the extended line becoming hill wash road (2), is fixed on the bottom of see-through model groove (1), for recording the water velocity feature in simulation test procedure；Transparent hollow barrier (10) it is additionally provided with in see-through model groove (1), transparent hollow barrier (10) is positioned between change hill wash road (2) and outlet (4), miniature three-dimensional camera (14) it is provided with, for recording barrier surrounding piling height variation characteristic and the Bed Load Movement feature at top in hollow barrier (10)；It is provided above ultrasonic range finder (9) at see-through model groove (1), is used for recording see-through model trench bottom landform；The lateral outer being perpendicular to water inlet (3) place is provided with high-speed camera (13), is used for the instantaneous accumulation after catching mud-rock-flow-impact see-through model groove (1) and motion feature；The lateral outer relative with becoming hill wash road (2) side, place is provided with automatic digital camera (11), front motion and diffusion characteristic when being used for recording the mud-rock-flow-impact water surface.
Mud-rock flow the most according to claim 1 meets barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterized in that, become hill wash road (2) and be provided with change hill wash road valve (8), become hill wash road valve (8) profile height higher than see-through model groove (1), become more than hill wash road valve (8) and store district into mud-rock flow, be used for holding debris flows simulation material；Become hill wash road valve (8) below for slide ramp, slide ramp is provided with ramp rotating shaft (12), is used for adjusting the gradient of slide ramp.
Mud-rock flow the most according to claim 1 meets barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterised in that the camera lens of described ultrasonic range finder (9) is perpendicular to become hill wash road (2), and can the water (flow) direction along see-through model groove (1) move.
Mud-rock flow the most according to claim 1 meets barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterised in that the camera lens of described high-speed camera (13) is perpendicular to become hill wash road (2), with the water level in see-through model (1) with high.
Mud-rock flow the most according to claim 1 meets barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterised in that the camera lens of described automatic digital camera (11) is perpendicular to become hill wash road, with see-through model groove (1) interior water level with high.
Mud-rock flow the most according to claim 1 meets the using method of barrier deposition rule assay device, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) debris flows simulation material is made: described debris flows simulation material includes solid particle and liquid；
(2) arrange and Adjustment Tests device: the hill wash road rotating shaft that becomes adjusting on described change hill wash road reaches default change angle of slope and fixes, and closes and becomes hill wash road valve；
Checking current meter, adjust high-speed camera and the height of automatic digital camera and lens direction, make both height concordant with the height of water level preset in see-through model groove, camera lens is perpendicular to become hill wash road；Adjust the lens direction of ultrasonic range finder so that it is camera lens is perpendicular to become hill wash road；
(3) simulation mud-rock flow washes away, and catches relevant information: weighed by prefabricated simulation debris flows simulation material, and the mud-rock flow being placed into becoming hill wash road saves district；Open see-through model groove water inlet and the valve of outlet and water pump, adjust water inlet and the flow velocity of outlet, reach preset water level in making see-through model groove and keep constant；
Open ultrasonic range finder, high-speed camera, miniature three-dimensional camera and automatic digital camera；
Open change hill wash road valve, make debris flows simulation material flow into see-through model groove, and be correlated with parameters by each observation instrument record, to this group result of the test；
(4) data process and analyze: based on observing image, the video information photographed, utilize image processing techniques analysis, it is thus achieved that water surface waveform Changing Pattern and water-bed mud-rock flow diffusion characteristic when mud-rock-flow-impact becomes river course, slope, chance barrier；
(5) cleaning plant, prepares for lower battery of tests: close see-through model groove water inlet valve and pump switch, and after all see-through model trough inner water is expelled to water storage box, closes see-through model groove outlet valve and pump switch；Clean see-through model groove and become hill wash road；Water in water storage box is discharged, cleans water storage box, and in water storage box, rejoin clean water, carry out lower battery of tests；
Repeat the above steps (2) is to (5), until completing all of default test.
Using method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the solid particle of described debris flows simulation material uses density to be 800kg/m3～5000kg/m3, diameter range is the spheroidal particle of 2mm～10mm, and liquid uses water, described spheroidal particle to be 25%～60% with the mass ratio of water.
Using method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the solid particle of described debris flows simulation material uses density to be 800kg/m3～5000kg/m3, diameter range is the spheroidal particle of 2mm～10mm, the polyester vinyl (Carbopol) that liquid uses concentration to be 2.0%～3.0%, and described spheroidal particle is 25%～60% with the mass ratio of polyester vinyl.
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