CN105927403A - 用于执行内燃机中的马达功能的方法 - Google Patents

用于执行内燃机中的马达功能的方法 Download PDF

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CN105927403A
CN105927403A CN201610150688.0A CN201610150688A CN105927403A CN 105927403 A CN105927403 A CN 105927403A CN 201610150688 A CN201610150688 A CN 201610150688A CN 105927403 A CN105927403 A CN 105927403A
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internal combustion
combustion engine
motor
time
motor function
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B·布迪斯卡克
R·雷米
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F02N11/0851—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear
    • F02N11/0855—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by means for controlling the engagement or disengagement between engine and starter, e.g. meshing of pinion and engine gear during engine shutdown or after engine stop before start command, e.g. pre-engagement of pinion
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于执行内燃机中的马达功能的方法，该内燃机带有耦合在其处的电机，其中在停止内燃机时，借助电机通过输出转矩以持续时间(Δt)延长内燃机的惯性运转时间，并且其中在惯性运转时间期间执行马达功能。

Description

用于执行内燃机中的马达功能的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于执行内燃机的马达功能例如学习功能、修正功能或诊断功能的方法。
背景技术
机动车以及尤其其内燃机包括具有以制造为条件的某些公差的构件。在这样的构件中的偏差或偏移能够例如当然在机动车的寿命期间或者说内燃机的寿命期间产生。对此的原因例如是磨损、污染和类似的。
为了平衡在制造公差内的这些偏差并且修正寿命内的偏移，能够使用所谓的学习功能或修正功能。这些功能例如修正马达控制参数，从而内燃机正如在正常运行中那样表现出特性。也即，具有带有某些公差的构件或老化的构件的内燃机应通过学习功能或者说修正功能具有尤其是关于功率、废气结果和此类等的相同的特性，例如带有公称构件的也即带有没有公差的理想的构件的内燃机。
此外，法律要求的是，某些构件和功能由马达控制装置检查和诊断。在此，它指的是所谓的车载诊断或OBD。所述OBD功能例如通过故障存储器中的故障输入以及必要时也通过显示仪器中的警告报告(例如利用所谓的故障指示灯或者说MIL灯或另外的服务灯)的是，构件可能有缺陷。
但是，一些诊断功能或学习功能对其执行而言需要很多时间和/或特定的运行条件，该运行条件依据机动车的或者说机器的操作状况或使用会很少产生。在此，可能困难的是，找到用于执行相应的功能的时间段，在该时间段中所述执行对驾驶员而言保持不被注意，且在该时间段中用于所述执行的条件是最佳的。因而，机动车或者说内燃机常常对较长的时间段而言位于并非最佳的状态中也即位于这样的状态中：其中例如还未学习到所有的学习功能。
此外，OBD要求越来越多以及越来越严格。并行地，废气标准变得更严且要求的是，修正功能被规律地且可靠地执行。为了能够被执行，许多这样的功能需要内燃机的推力阶段(Schubphase)也即没有喷射的阶段。
对一些应用例如用于非公路应用(冷却器、热电厂、发电机、挖土机、前端装载机等)的固定式马达而言，在大多情况下不具有或几乎不具有推力阶段。同样对带有自动传动装置的机动车而言，很少出现推力阶段。废气循环上的诊断功能和学习功能的设计因而相应是复杂的。
DE 10 2013 201 257 A1描述了例如一种方法，其中马达转速在关闭马达前被提高，由此在停止马达时的推力阶段被延长且由此易化了拉姆达探测器的平衡。
但是，马达转速的提高引人注目地作用于使用者在大多情况下作用于驾驶员并且还造成较高的燃料消耗。
因此值得期望的是，说明一种用于能量友好地和使用者友好地执行内燃机中的马达功能的可行方案。
发明内容
根据本发明，建议了用于执行带有专利权利要求1的特征的内燃机的马达功能的方法。有利的设计方案是从属权利要求的以及下述说明的对象。
发明益处
根据本发明的方法用于执行带有耦合在内燃机处的电机的该内燃机中的马达功能。在此，在停止内燃机时，内燃机的惯性运转时间借助所述电机通过输出转矩以一定的持续时间被延长且在所述惯性运转时间期间执行所述马达功能。为了延长所述惯性运转时间，能够例如借助耦合至内燃机的曲轴的电机利用转矩加载所述曲轴。
在开文提到的方法中，内燃机的转速在停止时被提高，以便从而提高惯性运转时间和由此内燃机的推力阶段，但是本发明的用处在于，在现代的内燃机中在大多情况下额外地耦合能够由马达驱动的电机。利用这种电机能够在没有额外的燃料消耗的情况下延长内燃机的惯性运转时间。在停止阶段中，虽然在正常情况下点火被关闭，但是马达控制器还在惯性运行中，也即所述控制器还处于通电下。这一点提供了很好的用于执行这样的功能的可行方案。此外，使用者或驾驶员几乎不承担或者说相比于在内燃机的转速本身应被停止的时刻将内燃机的转速进行提高被感觉为更小干扰地承担在例如首先保持不变的转速情况下的继续运转。尤其对当今在大多情况下拥有所谓的起停***的乘用车而言，能够以这种方式很快地产生内燃机的许多推力阶段，在所述推力阶段中能够执行马达功能。由此同样地，对内燃机而言，当然也能够在带有耦合的电机的其它的应用中例如在开文提到的非公路应用中实现在停止内燃机时的高效的推力阶段。由此总体上也例如实现了传感器例如拉姆达传感器或功能的快得多的学习。
有利地，马达功能包括要求内燃机的推力阶段的功能。通过简单的可行方案即借助电机在停止内燃机时产生推力阶段，则能够尤其频繁地执行这样的功能。这样的功能能够例如包括拉姆达探测器平衡或用于热气质量测量器的诊断。
优选地，马达功能包括学习功能、修正功能或诊断功能。在此尤其适宜的是，例如在从属的机动车的运行期间由控制器执行马达功能。尤其，学习功能和修正功能以及当然诊断功能对以下方面是重要的，即将内燃机置于最佳的运行状态中从而废气值和消耗量始终最佳，并且识别可能的故障。如果功能的执行通过停止阶段的使用更加频繁和快速地产生，则内燃机更加快速地或者说频繁地位于最佳的运行状态中。在诊断功能中，尤其车载诊断(OBD)的功能也是相关的。恰好，考虑到严格的和要遵循的排放极限值，始终需要在OBD情况下对内燃机的功能的更加频繁的监控。
有利地，依据有待执行的马达功能选择所述持续时间(内燃机的惯性运转时间以该持续时间被延长)。不同的功能为了其执行通常需要不同的长度。相应于此，能够选择所述持续时间(内燃机的惯性运转时间以该持续时间被延长)。由此能够始终使用尽可能短的惯性运转时间，这例如贡献用于节能。
有利的是，在惯性运转时间期间依据有待执行的马达功能来选择转速走势。由此能够最佳地适配至有待执行的马达功能。例如，转速能够首先被大概恒定地保持且然后被降低。对特定的马达功能而言，也能够例如有利的是，首先升高转速也即使用电机将内燃机拖动提高。
优选地，借助所存放的和/或所收集的数据在内燃机停止前决定的是，是否所述惯性运转时间在停止时被延长且马达功能被执行。以这种方式，能够例如实现对特定的马达功能的规律的执行。由此，惯性运转时间的不必要的延长是非必需的。
有利地，借助所存放的和/或所收集的数据决定的是，在内燃机下次停止时要利用被延长的惯性运转时间执行哪个马达功能。以这种方式能够保证的是，规律地执行必需的马达功能。这一点尤其对例如OBD功能的诊断功能而言是有意义的和有助的。
有利的是，所存放的和/或所收集的数据包括关于能够执行的马达功能、所执行的马达功能的数量和/或时刻和/或马达功能的优先次序的信息。例如，能够将这些数据设置在控制器的存储器中。借助所述执行的数量和时刻能够确保所述执行的规律性，而借助所述优先次序能够按照不同功能的重要性来差异化。从而例如关于遵循排放极限值的某些诊断功能能够比特定的学习功能或修正功能更加重要。
优选地，在视觉上和/或声学上使得惯性运转时间的延长能够被感知，尤其是当持续时间(内燃机的惯性运转时间以该持续时间被延长)超过预先确定的阈值时。虽然内燃机的借助电机的惯性运转时间的延长对使用者或驾驶员而言相比于例如转速的针对性的提高明显更不显著或者说更不干扰，但是对此的提示为驾驶员或者说使用者介绍了安全性。这一点尤其适用，当所述延长的持续时间越久和/或当内燃机例外地应被拖动提高时。在此，也能够适宜的是，说明或告知存留的剩余运转时间。
根据本发明的计算单元例如控制器尤其机动车的发动机控制器尤其在程序技术方面被设置用于执行根据本发明的方法。
同样，采用以软件为形式的方法是有利的，因为这尤其造成轻微的成本，尤其是当正在执行的控制器还被用于其它的任务并且因此反正还存在时。用于提供计算机程序的合适的数据载体尤其是软盘、硬盘、闪存、EEPROM、CD-ROM、DVD等。同样地也能够通过计算机网络(互联网、内联网等)下载程序。
本发明的其它优点和设计方案从说明书以及所附的附图中得出。
当然，前面提到的以及接下来还要阐释的特征不仅能使用在相应地说明的组合中，也能使用在其它的组合中或单独使用，而不脱离本发明的框架。
本发明借助实施例在附图中示意性地示出以及在下文中参考附图加以说明。
附图说明
图1示意示出了一种内燃机，该内燃机带有耦合在其上的电机，能够利用该电机执行根据本发明的方法。
图2示出了在执行根据本发明的在一个优选的实施形式中的方法时的内燃机的转速走势。
图3在流程图中示出了根据本发明的在一个优选的实施形式中的方法的流程。
具体实施形式
在图1中示意地和简化地示出了内燃机100，该内燃机例如借助离合器110与电机120耦合。借助这种布置方式能够执行根据本发明的方法。
内燃机100能够例如指的是汽油马达或柴油马达。但是同样地，它也能够指的是用于燃烧气体例如天然气的内燃机。电机120能够例如指的是电动马达，例如该电动马达用于混合驱动装置。在这下面例如也有所谓的带有性能不强的电动马达的轻度混合动力装置或者带有回收机器或启动器发电机的车辆。同样地，在内燃机100和电机120之间的离合器也能够不同地设计，例如借助皮带传动装置或直接的连接。
此外示出了构造为马达控制器150的计算单元，该计算单元例如不仅设置用于触发所述内燃机100也设置用于触发电机120。
在图2中展示了在执行在一个优选的实施形式中的根据本发明的方法时的内燃机例如内燃机100的转速走势。此外绘出了基于时间t的转速n。
在时刻t0以前，内燃机例如在怠速中运行。在时刻t0处，将内燃机例如通过起停***也或者通过点火的切断而停止。在一般情况下也即在不使用根据本发明的方法的情况下，此时将转速比较快地降低至零，正如这一点通过转速走势n0示出的那样。
但是，在使用根据本发明的方法时，转速借助电机首先被保持几乎恒定且然后缓慢地下降，正如这一点在转速走势n1处可见的那样。
在此，内燃机的惯性运转时间以持续时间Δt延长。在该被延长的惯性运转时间期间，尤其在喷射结束之后直至在快要达到静止之前，内燃机处于推力阶段中，在该推力阶段中能够执行马达功能。
在此，转速控制由电机承担。在此，转速形式取决于有待执行的马达功能的需求。例如，马达功能能够指的是拉姆达探测器的校准，其中在内燃机的排气系中需要尽可能多的新鲜空气。对此，以相宜的方式，转速通过电机首先被几乎保持在怠速水平并且然后才缓慢地下降至零。
车辆或者说机器的驾驶员或者说使用者在此必要时被告知的是关于马达停止会比通常更久持续的信息。如果需要较大的转速例如用于产生较多的空气质量，在需要时，电机也能够把停止阶段中的内燃机拖动提高。在该情况中，驾驶员或者说使用者能够被告知，这是因为这种走势并不寻常。
在图3中在流程图中展示了根据本发明的在一个优选的实施形式中的方法的示例的流程。基于在步骤301中的内燃机的惯常的运行，在步骤302中将内燃机停止。
在步骤310中，例如在停止期间或在快要停止之前决定的是，是否存在对内燃机的惯性运转时间的延长的需要。对此，在步骤306中动用对延长的需求的估计，该估计例如再者基于故障存储器中的各种信息或其它的所存放的和/或所收集的数据，在步骤305中收集所述数据。
如果在步骤310中决定了不存在对惯性运转时间的延长的需要，则进行按照步骤320的内燃机的惯常的惯性运转。但是如果决定了存在对惯性运转时间的延长的需要，则进行按照步骤330的惯性运转的延长。
此时在步骤331中确定持续时间(所述惯性运转以该持续时间延长)以及在所延长的惯性运转期间的转速走势。对此例如按照步骤335动用用于有待执行的马达功能的数据，该数据例如存放在马达控制器的存储器中。
最后在步骤340中，在内燃机的被合适延长的惯性运转期间实现对马达功能的执行。作为任选方案例如依据有待执行的马达功能、持续时间(惯性运转时间以该持续时间被延长)的长度和/或惯性运转期间的转速走势，驾驶员或使用者能够在步骤336中被告知关于所述惯性运转的即将到来的延长的信息。这一点能够例如通过在组合仪表中的显示和/或借助声学的消息来完成。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于在内燃机(100)处执行马达功能的方法，该内燃机带有耦合在该内燃机处的电机(120)，
其中在停止内燃机(100)时，借助电机(120)通过输出转矩以持续时间(Δt)延长内燃机(100)的惯性运转时间，并且
其中在惯性运转时间期间执行马达功能。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其中，马达功能包括要求内燃机的推力阶段的功能。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，马达功能包括学习功能、修正功能或诊断功能。
4.按照前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，马达功能被控制器执行。
5.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，依据有待执行的马达功能选择所述持续时间(Δt)，内燃机(100)的惯性运转时间以该持续时间被延长。
6.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在惯性运转时间期间依据有待执行的马达功能来选择转速走势(n1)。
7.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，借助所存放的和/或所收集的数据在内燃机(100)停止前决定的是，是否在停止时延长所述惯性运转时间且执行马达功能。
8.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，借助所存放的和/或所收集的数据决定的是，在内燃机(100)下次停止时要利用被延长的惯性运转时间执行哪个马达功能。
9.按照权利要求5或6中任一项所述的方法，其中，所存放的和/或所收集的数据包括关于能够执行的马达功能、所执行的马达功能的数量和/或时刻和/或马达功能的优先次序的信息。
10.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，尤其当持续时间超过预先确定的阈值时，能够使得在视觉上和/或声学上感知惯性运转时间的延长，其中以所述持续时间延长内燃机(100)的惯性运转时间。
11.一种计算单元(150)，其被设置用于执行按前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
12.一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序将计算单元(150)触发以用于，当该计算机程序在计算单元(150)上实施时执行按权利要求1到10中任一项所述的方法。
13.一种能够由机器读取的存储介质，所述存储介质带有储存在该存储介质上的按照权利要求12所述的计算机程序。
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