CN105926793A - 一种高性能聚氨酯板及其聚氨酯芯层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高性能聚氨酯板及其聚氨酯芯层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105926793A
CN105926793A CN201610274461.7A CN201610274461A CN105926793A CN 105926793 A CN105926793 A CN 105926793A CN 201610274461 A CN201610274461 A CN 201610274461A CN 105926793 A CN105926793 A CN 105926793A
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范伟
王壮
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Anhui Ruilian Energy Saving Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种聚氨酯板，具体提供了一种高性能聚氨酯板，包括面板和聚氨酯芯层，所述面板包括上面板和下面板，所述聚氨酯芯层位于上面板和下面板之间，所述上面板和下面板的内表面均附有玻璃纤维层，聚氨酯芯层与上面板之间固定连接有防火层，聚氨酯芯层下表面固定连接有保温层，保温层与下面板之间设有加强层。本发明提供的这种高性能聚氨酯板，结构简单，综合性能较好，不仅保温、隔音、防火性能佳，而且强度高，连接紧密，结构稳固；采用的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，制作工艺简单，生产效率高，制备的聚氨酯芯层隔音性能好，热导率高。

Description

一种高性能聚氨酯板及其聚氨酯芯层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯泡沫塑料材料技术领域，具体涉及一种高性能聚氨酯板及其聚氨酯芯层的制备方法。
背景技术
目前，用于现代室内装潢的非承重隔墙、隔断，通常采用轻钢龙骨为基体，并在外面贴上石膏板，该结构的装饰材料使用后易变形，不隔音、隔热；也有人采用砖墙，先将空心砖或实心砖砌好后，再复合夹板或石膏板，这种结构的砖墙安装费时费力，劳动强度大，为了安装方便，也有人将彩钢板作为外墙材料使用，但是，彩钢板的保温性能差，从而导致冬天房内温度较低，而且隔音效果不好，对室内人员生活造成影响。
另外，也有人将聚氨酯板用于建筑外保温***，但是现有的聚氨酯板材大都经发泡后由成型机模压定型，虽然密度和导热系数相对理想，但是现代建筑对板材要求越来越高，亟需综合性能较好的聚氨酯板。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的缺陷，提供一种高性能聚氨酯板及其聚氨
酯芯层的制备方法，以解决现有装饰材料强度低，保温、防火以及隔音效果差的缺陷。
为此，本发明提供了一种高性能聚氨酯板，包括面板和聚氨酯芯层，所述面板包括上面板和下面板，所述聚氨酯芯层位于上面板和下面板之间，所述上面板和下面板的内表面均附有玻璃纤维层，聚氨酯芯层与上面板之间固定连接有防火层，聚氨酯芯层下表面固定连接有保温层，保温层与下面板之间设有加强层。
本发明提供的聚氨酯板不仅具有优良的保温、隔音以及防火性能，而且具有足够的强度，充分满足建筑材料的要求。
作为优选，所述防火层内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有防火棉。防火层采用空腔结构，并将防火棉填充于其内，防火性能更加。
作为优选，所述保温层内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有减震棉。该结构的保温层使得保温层不仅具有良好的保温性能，而且兼具减震隔音作用，消除一定噪音。
进一步地，所述加强层包括多个横向加强筋和竖向加强筋，所述横向加强筋和竖向加强筋交叉处通过螺钉连接。作为优选，横向加强筋好竖向加强筋均可以采用扁形铝合金条，提高了聚氨酯板的整体结构强度。
更进一步地，所述聚氨酯芯层内开设有多个通孔。预留出通孔便于建筑施工的电路走线。
所述聚氨酯板的两端皆设有横向半圆形凹槽和竖向半圆形凹槽，所述横向半圆形凹槽的长度与聚氨酯板的宽度一致，所述竖向半圆形凹槽与横向半圆形凹槽相接且竖向半圆形凹槽半径小于横向半圆形凹槽。两个聚氨酯板对接一起，中间形成横向圆柱形空腔和竖向圆孔，竖向圆孔与横向圆柱形空腔相同，通过竖向圆孔向横向圆柱形空腔内注入聚氨酯，直至注满竖向圆孔，待经膨胀、冷却后固化，从而将两块聚氨酯板连接一起，连接紧密，密封性好，结构稳固。
本发明还提供了一种制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，所述方法为将发泡料注入模具保温压制成型，然后脱模形成聚氨酯芯层；所述发泡料由A发泡料、B发泡料以及复合填料组成；
所述A发泡料包括如下重量配比的原料：聚醚多元醇50-60份、芳香多元醇30-40份、硅藻土6-8份、水2-5份、硅油2-3份、氢氧化铝粉末1.5-3份、催化剂0.8-1份、发泡剂5-15份、稳定剂8-12份，所述氢氧化铝粉末的粒径是110～120nm之间；所述B发泡料为异氰酸酯；所述复合填料由植物粉末类材料和纤维类材料制成；A发泡料：B发泡料：复合填料=（90-100）:（80-180）：（30-80）。发泡料中采用粒径为110～120nm之间的氢氧化铝粉末，该精细度能够有效提高制品的阻燃性能。发泡料中还加入了一定量的硅油，使得泡沫孔径均匀、有序，并且具有良好的开孔率和尺寸稳定性。加入一定比例的硅藻土，在发泡聚氨酯芯层的过程中使其具有更大的内表面积，吸音、隔音效果更佳。
进一步地，所述催化剂由DMP-30和N，N-二甲基环己胺组成，其重量比值为0.9-1.8。先采用DMP-30催化剂进行催化，当达到一定程度时，再采用N，N-二甲基环己胺进行二次催化，聚氨酯发泡料流动性好，能够充满模腔，发泡时间长，进一步提高了发泡料的反应效果和交联效果。
作为优选，所述发泡剂为氯氟碳化合物。
作为优选，所述硅藻土为直径小于10微米的多孔硅藻土。
本发明的有益效果：本发明提供的这种高性能聚氨酯板，结构简单，综合性能较好，不仅保温、隔音、防火性能佳，而且强度高，连接紧密，结构稳固；采用的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，制作工艺简单，生产效率高，制备的聚氨酯芯层隔音性能好，热导率高。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的聚氨酯板芯层的结构示意图。
图2是实施例2中提供的聚氨酯板间的连接图。
图3是图2中聚氨酯板的侧视图。
附图标记说明：1、聚氨酯板；1.1、上面板；1.2、玻璃纤维层；1.3、防火层；1.4、聚氨酯芯层；1.5、保温层；1.6、加强层；1.7、下面板；2、通孔；3、竖向半圆形凹槽；4、横向半圆形凹槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式，进一步阐明本发明。
实施例1：
如图1所示的一种高性能聚氨酯板，包括面板和聚氨酯芯层1.4，所述面板包括上面板1.1和下面板1.7，所述聚氨酯芯层1.4位于上面板1.1和下面板1.7之间，所述上面板1.1和下面板1.7的内表面均附有玻璃纤维层1.2，聚氨酯芯层1.4与上面板1.1之间固定连接有防火层1.3，聚氨酯芯层1.4下表面固定连接有保温层1.5，保温层1.5与下面板1.7之间设有加强层1.6。所述防火层1.3内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有防火棉。防火层采用空腔结构，并将防火棉填充于其内，防火性能更加。所述保温层1.5内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有减震棉。该结构的保温层1.5使得保温层不仅具有良好的保温性能，而且兼具减震隔音作用，消除一定噪音。所述加强层1.6包括多个横向加强筋和竖向加强筋，所述横向加强筋和竖向加强筋交叉处通过螺钉连接。作为优选，横向加强筋好竖向加强筋均可以采用扁形铝合金条，提高了聚氨酯板的整体结构强度。更进一步地，所述聚氨酯芯层内开设有多个通孔。预留出通孔便于建筑施工的电路走线。
本发明提供的聚氨酯板不仅具有优良的保温、隔音以及防火性能，而且具有足够的强度，充分满足建筑材料的要求。
实施例2：
在实施例1的基础上，如图2和3所示，在聚氨酯板1的两端皆设有横向半圆形凹槽4和竖向半圆形凹槽3，所述横向半圆形凹槽4的长度与聚氨酯板1的宽度一致，所述竖向半圆形凹槽3与横向半圆形凹槽4相接且竖向半圆形凹槽3半径小于横向半圆形凹槽4。两个聚氨酯板1对接一起，中间形成横向圆柱形空腔和竖向圆孔，竖向圆孔与横向圆柱形空腔相同，通过竖向圆孔向横向圆柱形空腔内注入聚氨酯，直至注满竖向圆孔，待经膨胀、冷却后固化，从而将两块聚氨酯板连接一起，连接紧密，密封性好，结构稳固。
实施例3：
本发明还提供了一种制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，所述方法为将发泡料注入模具保温压制成型，然后脱模形成聚氨酯芯层；所述发泡料由A发泡料、B发泡料以及复合填料组成；
所述A发泡料包括如下重量配比的原料：聚醚多元醇50-60份、芳香多元醇30-40份、硅藻土6-8份、水2-5份、硅油2-3份、氢氧化铝粉末1.5-3份、催化剂0.8-1份、发泡剂5-15份、稳定剂8-12份，所述氢氧化铝粉末的粒径是110～120nm之间；所述B发泡料为异氰酸酯；所述复合填料由植物粉末类材料和纤维类材料制成；A发泡料：B发泡料：复合填料=（90-100）:（80-180）：（30-80）。发泡料中采用粒径为110～120nm之间的氢氧化铝粉末，该精细度能够有效提高制品的阻燃性能。发泡料中还加入了一定量的硅油，使得泡沫孔径均匀、有序，并且具有良好的开孔率和尺寸稳定性。加入一定比例的硅藻土，在发泡聚氨酯芯层的过程中使其具有更大的内表面积，吸音、隔音效果更佳。
进一步地，所述催化剂由DMP-30和N，N-二甲基环己胺组成，其重量比值为0.9-1.8。先采用DMP-30催化剂进行催化，当达到一定程度时，再采用N，N-二甲基环己胺进行二次催化，聚氨酯发泡料流动性好，能够充满模腔，发泡时间长，进一步提高了发泡料的反应效果和交联效果。所述发泡剂为氯氟碳化合物。所述硅藻土为直径小于10微米的多孔硅藻土。
本发明采用的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，制作工艺简单，生产效率高，制备的聚氨酯芯层隔音性能好，热导率高。
以上例举仅仅是对本发明的举例说明，并不构成对本发明的保护范围的限制，凡是与本发明相同或相似的设计均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种高性能聚氨酯板，包括面板和聚氨酯芯层（1.4），其特征在于：所述面板包括上面板（1.1）和下面板（1.7），所述聚氨酯芯层（1.4）位于上面板（1.1）和下面板（1.7）之间，所述上面板（1.1）和下面板（1.7）的内表面均附有玻璃纤维层（1.2），聚氨酯芯层（1.4）与上面板（1.1）之间固定连接有防火层（1.3），聚氨酯芯层（1.4）下表面固定连接有保温层（1.5），保温层与下面板（1.7）之间设有加强层（1.6）。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯板，其特征在于：所述防火层（1.3）内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有防火棉。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯板，其特征在于：所述保温层（1.5）内呈空腔结构，其空腔内填充有减震棉。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯板，其特征在于：所述加强层（1.6）包括多个横向加强筋和竖向加强筋，所述横向加强筋和竖向加强筋交叉处通过螺钉连接。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯板，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯芯层（1.4）内开设有多个通孔（2）。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种高性能聚氨酯板，其特征在于：所述聚氨酯板（1）的两端皆设有横向半圆形凹槽（4）和竖向半圆形凹槽（5），所述横向半圆形凹槽（4）的长度与聚氨酯板（1）的宽度一致，所述竖向半圆形凹槽（5）与横向半圆形凹槽（4）相接且竖向半圆形凹槽（5）半径小于横向半圆形凹槽（4）。
7.一种制备权利要求1-6中任意聚氨酯芯层的方法，其特征在于：所述方法为将发泡料注入模具保温压制成型，然后脱模形成聚氨酯芯层；所述发泡料由A发泡料、B发泡料以及复合填料组成；
所述A发泡料包括如下重量配比的原料：聚醚多元醇50-60份、芳香多元醇30-40份、硅藻土6-8份、水2-5份、硅油2-3份、氢氧化铝粉末1.5-3份、催化剂0.8-1份、发泡剂5-15份、稳定剂8-12份，所述氢氧化铝粉末的粒径是110～120nm之间；所述B发泡料为异氰酸酯；所述复合填料由植物粉末类材料和纤维类材料制成；A发泡料：B发泡料：复合填料=（90-100）:（80-180）：（30-80）。
8.如权利要求7所述的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，其特征在于：所述催化剂由DMP-30和N，N-二甲基环己胺组成，其重量比值为0.9-1.8。
9.如权利要求7所述的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，其特征在于：所述发泡剂为氯氟碳化合物。
10.如权利要求7所述的制备聚氨酯芯层的方法，其特征在于：所述硅藻土为直径小于10微米的多孔硅藻土。
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