CN105925939B - 一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN105925939B
CN105925939B CN201610250969.3A CN201610250969A CN105925939B CN 105925939 B CN105925939 B CN 105925939B CN 201610250969 A CN201610250969 A CN 201610250969A CN 105925939 B CN105925939 B CN 105925939B
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谢在玉
李宇杰
王成
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Ludong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
    • C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/004—Cylinder liners

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于材料涂层领域和汽车发动机制造技术领域，特别涉及一种超耐磨的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机缸套制备工艺。利用本发明的制备工艺制作的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套，含有高硬度氮化钛涂层和韧性金属钛，可以在保持较高硬度的同时提高涂层的韧性与气缸体间的结合强度，从而提高涂层的耐磨性，这种纳米双层涂层结构，可以有效弥补氮化钛单涂层韧性较差的不足，显著减小气缸体的磨损，延长发动机的使用寿命，该纳米双层涂层气缸套制备工艺容易掌握，生产过程稳定可靠。

Description

一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于材料涂层领域和汽车发动机制造技术领域，特别涉及一种超耐磨的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机缸套制备工艺。
背景技术
汽车发动机为汽车提供动力，是汽车的心脏，影响汽车的动力性、经济性和环保性。汽车发动机大多是热能动力装置，借助工质的状态变化将燃料燃烧产生的热能转变为机械能。汽车发动机气缸是组成燃烧室的重要零件，其工作环境恶劣，是发动机上较易损伤的零件之一。气缸套安装在气缸体的缸筒内，与活塞和缸盖共同组成燃烧室。气缸套内表面不但与高温高压燃气接触，还与进气过程的冷空气接触，工作过程温度变化剧烈，润滑条件很差，工作条件较为恶劣，活塞的往复运动又会造成缸壁的过度磨损、工作面易被拉伤等问题。气缸套的损伤既影响了发动机工作质量和效率，也决定着发动机的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要解决发动机气缸套可靠性能差、不耐磨、寿命低等问题，提供一种超耐磨的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机缸套制备工艺，提高气缸套的可靠性、耐磨性。与现有技术相比，本案工艺具有制造工艺简单特点，使气缸套的硬度更高，韧性更好，经久耐磨，可有效地提升发动机的工作性能。
本发明通过以下方式实现：
一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺，发动机气缸套材料为20钢，双层涂层分别为纳米钛和氮化钛，依次沉积在发动机气缸套的内表面上，具体工艺步骤如下：
（1）准备阶段：将发动机气缸套装入专用夹具1内，安装固定；
（2）前处理阶段：抛光发动机气缸套内表面，然后放入酒精中，超声波清洗25min，再放入丙酮中，超声波清洗25min，烘箱烘干后，放入镀膜机中，抽真空至5.5×10-3Pa，加热至300℃，保温15~25min；
（3）离子清洗阶段：通氩气，其压力为1.0~1.5Pa线性渐变，开启偏压电源，电压750V，占空比0.3，辉光放电清洗45min；降低偏压至500V，占空比0.3，开启离子源离子清洗30min，开启钛靶电弧源，偏压450V，靶电流60A，离子轰击钛靶7min；
（4）沉积厚度为500~700nm 的钛过渡层阶段：调整氩气气压0.4~0.5Pa，偏压降至300V，沉积温度300℃，钛靶电流70A，电弧镀钛过渡层20min；
（5）沉积厚度为600~700nm 的氮化钛阶段：氩气气压0.6Pa，偏压220V，沉积温度350℃，电弧镀氮化钛层35min；
（6）后处理阶段：关闭各电源，离子源，将炉体冷却至100℃后，关闭氩气，专用夹具1、发动机气缸套随炉冷却至室温出炉；将发动机气缸套从专用夹具1中取出，去毛刺，涂层结束；
（7）检测阶段：表面精度检查、硬度抽查及金相抽查分析。
通过上述工艺制备的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套，含有双层涂层：高硬度氮化钛涂层和韧性金属钛，从而达到提升气缸套内表面硬度、减小残余应力，增加涂层与气缸套间的结合强度目的。该纳米双层涂层气缸套制备工艺容易掌握，生产过程稳定可靠。
附图说明
图1——一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺专用夹具示意图。
图2——氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套示意图。
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的实施例，用来进一步说明技术解决方案。
实施例1，参考图1、图2。一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺，发动机气缸套2材料为20钢，涂层3为纳米钛和氮化钛，即发动机气缸套内表面2-1上为一层钛过渡层3-1，钛过渡层3-1上为氮化钛高硬度涂层3-2，具体工艺步骤如下：
（1）准备阶段：将发动机气缸套2装入专用夹具1内，安装固定。专用夹具1由上盖1-1、上垫片1-2、石棉垫1-3、夹紧机构1-4、下筒体1-5、下垫片1-6组成；其中夹紧机构1-4又由下夹紧杆1-4-1、铰链销1-4-2、上夹紧杆1-4-3、拉紧弹簧1-4-4组成。先将上垫片1-2安装在上盖1-1的圆孔内，将下垫片1-6安装在下筒体1-5的底部圆孔内，再将发动机气缸套2装入下筒体1-5，然后在下筒体1-5上部的环形槽内安放石棉垫1-3，盖上上盖1-1，用4~10个夹紧机构1-4夹紧上盖1-1和下筒体1-5；
（2）前处理阶段：抛光发动机气缸套2内表面，去除表面油污、锈迹等杂质，然后依次放入酒精和丙酮中，超声波清洗各25min，去除发动机气缸套2内表面上的油污和附着物，烘箱烘干后，迅速放入镀膜机，抽真空至5.5×10-3Pa，加热至300℃，保温15~25min；
（3）离子清洗阶段：通氩气，其压力为1.0~1.5Pa，开启偏压电源，电压750V，占空比0.3，辉光放电清洗45min；降低偏压至500V，占空比0.3，开启离子源离子清洗30min，开启钛靶电弧源，偏压450V，靶电流60A，离子轰击钛靶7min；
（4）沉积厚度为500~700nm 的钛过渡层阶段：调整氩气气压0.4~0.5Pa，偏压降至300V，沉积温度300℃，钛靶电流70A，电弧镀钛过渡层20min；
（5）沉积厚度为600~700nm 的氮化钛阶段：氩气气压0.6Pa，偏压220V，沉积温度350℃，电弧镀氮化钛层35min；
（6）后处理阶段：关闭各电源，离子源，将炉体冷却至100℃后，关闭氩气，专用夹具1、发动机气缸套2随炉冷却至室温出炉；将发动机气缸套2从专用夹具1取出，去毛刺，涂层结束；
（7）检测阶段：表面精度检查、硬度抽查及金相抽查分析。
通过上述工艺制备的氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套，为保证只给气缸套内表面沉积上硬化层，特别设计了专用夹具1。专用夹具1使用一段时间后，为避免因夹具表面被沉积上过厚的涂层，进而影响到发动机气缸套2的涂层沉积效果，可以随时更换上新的垫片1-2、石棉垫1-3、下垫片1-6，以延长专用夹具1的使用寿命。

Claims (1)

1.一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺，发动机气缸套材料为20钢，双层涂层分别为纳米钛和氮化钛，依次沉积在发动机气缸套的内表面上，其特征在于，具体工艺步骤如下：
(1)准备阶段：将发动机气缸套装入专用夹具(1)内，安装固定；所述的专用夹具(1)由上盖(1-1)、上垫片(1-2)、石棉垫(1-3)、夹紧机构(1-4)、下筒体(1-5)、下垫片(1-6)组成；其中夹紧机构(1-4)又由下夹紧杆(1-4-1)、铰链销(1-4-2)、上夹紧杆(1-4-3)、拉紧弹簧(1-4-4)组成；先将上垫片(1-2)安装在上盖(1-1)的圆孔内，将下垫片(1-6)安装在下筒体(1-5)的底部圆孔内，再将发动机气缸套(2)装入下筒体(1-5)，然后在下筒体(1-5)上部的环形槽内安放石棉垫(1-3)，盖上上盖(1-1)，用4～10个夹紧机构(1-4)夹紧上盖(1-1)和下筒体(1-5)；
(2)前处理阶段：抛光发动机气缸套内表面，然后放入酒精中，超声波清洗25min，再放入丙酮中，超声波清洗25min，烘箱烘干后，放入镀膜机中，抽真空至5.5×10-3 Pa，加热至300℃，保温15～25min；
(3)离子清洗阶段：通氩气，其压力为1.0～1.5Pa线性渐变，开启偏压电源，电压750V，占空比0.3，辉光放电清洗45min；降低偏压至500V，占空比0.3，开启离子源离子清洗30min，开启钛靶电弧源，偏压450V，靶电流60A，离子轰击钛靶7min；
(4)沉积厚度为500～700nm的钛过渡层阶段：调整氩气气压0.4～0.5Pa，偏压降至300V，沉积温度300℃，钛靶电流70A，电弧镀钛过渡层20min；
(5)沉积厚度为600～700nm的氮化钛阶段：氩气气压0.6Pa，偏压220V，沉积温度350℃，电弧镀氮化钛层35min；
(6)后处理阶段：关闭各电源，离子源，将炉体冷却至100℃后，关闭氩气，专用夹具(1)、发动机气缸套随炉冷却至室温出炉，涂层结束；
(7)检测阶段：表面精度检查、硬度抽查及金相抽查分析。
CN201610250969.3A 2016-04-21 2016-04-21 一种氮化钛纳米双层涂层发动机气缸套的制备工艺 Expired - Fee Related CN105925939B (zh)

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