CN105925815B - A kind of method for the electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes - Google Patents

A kind of method for the electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes Download PDF

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CN105925815B
CN105925815B CN201610472661.3A CN201610472661A CN105925815B CN 105925815 B CN105925815 B CN 105925815B CN 201610472661 A CN201610472661 A CN 201610472661A CN 105925815 B CN105925815 B CN 105925815B
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nitrogen
steel
smelting
electroslag
pressurization
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CN105925815A (en
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李花兵
姜周华
冯浩
张树才
张彬彬
朱红春
耿鑫
薛坤喜
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention belongs to high nitrogen steel field of smelting, more particularly to a kind of method for the electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes, this method utilizes vacuum induction furnace smelting pore-free, the high-purity martensitic stain less steel consutrode of nitrogen-free according to target steel grades；Starting the arc slag making is carried out using the method for the solid-state starting the arc under nitrogen protection；Nitrogen supercharging is filled with into working chamber to 2~5MPa, Synchronous lifting cooling water pressure is smelted using eutectic speed under 38~43V, 2900~4000A；It is higher than 0.3% steel grade for target nitrogen content, second of pressurization electroslag remelting is carried out by above-mentioned steps.Its advantage is to realize the efficient progress of nitrogen alloying under eutectic speed by rationally controlling technological parameter and nitrogen pressure, can prepare the high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that nitrogen content is higher, ingredient is uniform, structure property is excellent.

Description

A kind of method for the electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes
Technical field
The present invention relates to high nitrogen steel field of smelting, more particularly to a kind of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen geneva The method of body stainless steel.
Background technology
Nitrogen has been widely used as important alloying element in austenitic stainless steel, two phase stainless steel, can significantly improve Intensity, toughness, wearability and corrosion resistance of steel etc..Research shows that the addition of nitrogen expands Austria in martensitic stain less steel Family name's body phase region temperature range, effectively inhibits δ-ferrite and is formed；While gap solution strengthening is ensured, carbide can be made thin Change, and with the disperse educt of nitride etc., not only significantly improve intensity, the hardness of martensitic stain less steel, but also do not reduce it Toughness.Meanwhile the nitrogen for being dissolved state can also be by generating NH4+And consume the H in pit+, improve local corrosion environment, so as to have Conducive to the corrosion resistance for improving martensite containing nitrogen stainless steel.
Nitrogen solubility in body-centred cubic martensite steel is relatively low under normal pressure, due to China pressurization metallurgical equipment missing, Seriously constrain the development and application of nitrogenous and high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel.China has carried out nitrogenous the modern designs of plastics under normal pressure at present The defects of having the preparation of steel, causing to generate stomata in process of setting in order to avoid excessively high nitrogen content, therefore nitrogen content exists Less than 0.1%.Pressurization electroslag remelting be current industrialized production high nitrogen steel effective ways, the pressurization of Austrian Bohler companies The melting chamber pressure of electroslag furnace can produce the ingot casting for the 16t that weighs up to 1.6MPa.For example, high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel N360 (0.3%C-15%Cr-1%Mo-0.4%N) can be applied to space shuttle fuel pump bearing, aeroplane engine main bearing and rolling Gear shaft of ballscrew etc.；Another typical high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel is Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel for Plastic Mould M340 (0.54%C- 17.3%Cr-1.1%Mo-0.2%N), mainly meet the market demand of high-end anti-corrosion mirror-surface plastic die.
At present there are two types of the nitrogen pick-up techniques of pressurization electroslag remelting, first, adding Si in esr process3N4Wait nitrifications Gold, have the advantages that plus nitrogen easily, DIRECT ALLOYING, but process is unstable, and nitrogen is unevenly distributed, and easily increases silicon；Second is that it prepares Combination electrode nitrogen pick-up has many advantages, such as that esr process is steady, surface quality is good, but combination electrode prepares complexity, and welding is multiple Composite electrode easily makes ESR ingot oxygenation.Research shows that certain nitrogenizing effect is can reach by adjusting technological parameter under high pressure, it can Nitrogen is made to be uniformly distributed in steel ingot, and dense structure, avoids increasing silicon etc..
Because the electroslag remelting that pressurizes is carried out under very high nitrogen pressure, nitrogen is important potential nitrogen pick-up Source.Further, since without using nitro-alloy nitrogen pick-up, production cost can be also significantly reduced.But in the esr process that pressurizes, Improperly smelting process and nitrogen pressure can reduce nitrogen pick-up effect or even generate slag runner, dross, pipe, fold, slag inclusion etc. and lack It falls into, so as to increase nitrogen content and the difficulty of ingot quality control during the pressurization high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of electric slag refusion and smelting Degree.Therefore, the technological parameter during Proper Match is smelted is that pressurization electroslag remelting is stainless using gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensite The key of steel.
Invention content
A kind of method of electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes provided by the invention, is suitable for Smelting target steel grades is：C：0.1~0.6%, Mn：0~5%, Cr：12~24%, Si：≤ 1%, Mo：0~3%, N： 0.1~0.5%, Ni：0~2%, S：≤ 0.015%, P：≤ 0.05%, Fe：Surplus.
The core concept of the present invention is：According to target steel grades, smelt under vacuum pore-free, nitrogen-free height Then pure martensitic stain less steel consutrode utilizes the mode of gas nitriding, by reasonable in the esr process that pressurizes Smelting process parameter and nitrogen pressure are matched, nitrogen content is increased to 0.1~0.5%.The present invention proposes a kind of pressurization electroslag In reflow process low cost, nitrogen content controllable precise nitrogen alloying method, and using pressurization electroslag furnace smelt ingredient uniformly, The high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of dense structure.
A kind of the step of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, is as follows.
1) preparation of consutrode：According to the elemental composition of target steel grade, the vaccum sensitive stove protected using argon gas is smelted Pore-free, nitrogen-free high-purity martensitic stain less steel consutrode base material, and be forged into suitable pressurization electroslag furnace electroslag remelting The consutrode of size, it is then air-cooled；It is welded on dummy electrode, and and electrode after the oxide skin on removal consutrode surface Clamper connects.
2) laying of striking agent：It is placed and institute's smelting high-nitrogen geneva on pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water tank below consutrode Arc ring, the 0.45 ± 0.05kg strikings bits of body stainless steel phase same material, make consutrode-striking bits-bottom water tank three tight Contiguity is touched, and ensures have electric current to pass through after being powered.
3) baking of slag：The pre-melted slag that will be suitable for high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel gas nitriding carries out 5~7 at 600~800 DEG C Hour baking.
4) starting the arc slag making：It opens water system and normal pressure cooling water is passed through into pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, and will toast Pre-melted slag disposably add in crystallizer, closed working chamber, into working chamber with 10~15L/min speed be passed through nitrogen 5~ 10min discharges melting room air, is closed AC power, and starting the arc slag making is carried out using solid-state starting the arc method, wherein：Voltage It is 2000~2500A for 33~38V, electric current, the slugging time is 20~25min.
5) pressurize electroslag smelting：After slag making, nitrogen supercharging is filled with into working chamber to 2~5MPa, Synchronous lifting adds The cooling water pressure in crystallizer for electroslag furnace is pressed to 2~5MPa, and adjusts voltage to 38~43V, electric current to 2900~4000A, Starting the electroslag smelting that pressurizes, melting speed control equation is crystallizer for electroslag furnace size for v=(0.30~0.40) × D kg/h, D, Unit is mm；Current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h are controlled in smelting process； The calcium-silicon deoxidation of 0.4~0.7kg/ tons of steel is uniformly added into using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously.
6) it taps：It pressurizes after electroslag smelting feeding, is lifted electrode, smelting terminates；After closing AC power 5min, beat The pressure release of pressurization electroslag furnace vent valve is opened to normal pressure, synchronizing, which reduces cooling water pressure in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, to normal pressure, treats steel Ingot temperature is cooled to room temperature, and deviates from steel ingot.
7) it is higher than 0.3% steel grade for target nitrogen content, the ESR ingot of first time remelting is forged into and is suitble to pressurization electricity The consutrode of slag hearth electroslag remelting size, by step 2)~6) second of pressurization electroslag remelting is carried out, contained with reaching target nitrogen Amount.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In：High-purity martensitic stain less steel consutrode first with the vacuum induction furnace smelting pore-free of argon gas protection, nitrogen-free is female Material, then by the way of gas nitriding under the high pressure nitrogen of 2~5MPa the high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of electroslag remelting.This be by Nitrogen solubility in body-centred cubic martensite steel is very low under normal pressure, if smelting martensitic stain less steel consumable under nitrogen protection Electrode base metal, nitrogen will be enriched in the front end of solidifying phase in process of setting, easily bubble, and causing because of hereditary effect Nitrogen is segregated in ESR ingot.And high nitrogen pressure can improve solubility of the nitrogen in martensitic stain less steel, inhibit in process of setting The formation of nitrogen pore.
Gas nitriding in a kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention Reaction process it is as follows.
1) gas-slag interface：
0.5{N2}→Nads。
Nads+1.5(O2-)→(N3-)+1.5Oads。
2) slag-gold interface：
(N3-)+1.5[O]→[N]+1.5(O2-)。
Wherein, { N2It is gaseous nitrogen；NadsFor ADSORPTION STATE nitrogen in slag；(O2-) it is oxonium ion in slag；(N3-) for nitrogen in slag from Son；OadsFor ADSORPTION STATE oxygen in slag；[O] is dissolved oxygen in steel；[N] is dissolved nitrogen in steel.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In, the molten speed for the high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of electroslag remelting that pressurizeed according to the size Control of pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, and as Benchmark controls electric current and voltage during the pressurization high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of electroslag remelting.The molten speed of pressurization electroslag remelting exists It produces high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel and plays important role in the process, eutectic speed contributes to extension nitrogen to expand by slag bath into steel The scattered time improves nitrogenizing effect.Therefore, with the melting speed control equation v=(0.70~0.80) of traditional normal pressure electroslag remelting × D kg/h are compared, and the melting speed control equation of pressurization electroslag remelting proposed by the present invention is v=(0.30~0.40) × D kg/h, Wherein D refers to crystallizer diameter, mm.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In：It is less than 0.3% steel grade for target nitrogen content, the primary electroslag remelting that pressurizes is the requirement that can reach nitrogen alloying；For Target nitrogen content is higher than 0.3% steel grade, also needs to carry out second of pressurization electroslag remelting, to reach target nitrogen content.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In the nitrogen appearance of pre-melted slag used is higher, reaches 1.40 × 10-13, chemical composition mass percent is：CaF2：63%, Al2O3： 10%, CaO：23%, MgO：3%, SiO2：1%.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In used nitrogen gas purity >=99.999%.
A kind of method of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, feature exist In using arc ring, 0.45 ± 0.05kg strikings bits and the whole slag charge with institute smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel phase same material Carry out solid-state starting the arc slag making.
The method of a kind of pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of the present invention, first with argon The vacuum induction furnace smelting pore-free of gas shielded, the high-purity martensitic stain less steel consutrode of nitrogen-free, then in pressurization electroslag The mode of gas nitriding is utilized in reflow process, it, will under eutectic speed by Proper Match smelting process parameter and nitrogen pressure Nitrogen content is increased to 0.1~0.5%, realizes the efficient progress of nitrogen alloying in high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel, avoids nitridation Alloy during the addition process when charging rate changes caused by the defects of nitrogen is unevenly distributed in ESR ingot, so as to prepare ingredient Uniformly, the excellent high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel of structure property, while also reduce production cost.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the embodiment specific embodiment that the present invention will be described in detail, but the specific embodiment of the present invention not office It is limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment one
200kg target steel grade 30Cr15MoN0.4 are smelted using pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding, ingredient (wt.%) is such as Following table.
(1) according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, using vaccum sensitive stove, argon gas protection, smelting are passed through in smelting process Refine pore-free, nitrogen-free high-purity consutrode base material, ingredient is as follows.
(2) it is then heated 2 hours at 1180 DEG C, starts to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1040 DEG C, the consutrode of diameter of phi=130mm is forged into, before use, vehicle falls the oxide skin on consutrode surface, it will be from power consumption Pole is welded on dummy electrode, and dummy electrode is loaded onto electrode.
(3) it is placed and smelted 30Cr15MoN0.4 phases same material on the pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water tank below consutrode Arc ring, 0.44kg strikings bits.
(4) it will uniformly be poured into the crystallizer of a diameter of D=220mm in the 8.1kg pre-melted slags of 650 DEG C of bakings 7 hours, it is close Close working chamber；Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2：63%, Al2O3：10%, CaO：23%, MgO：3%, SiO2： 1%.
(5) nitrogen 5min is passed through with the speed of 15L/min into pressurization electroslag furnace working chamber, arranges melting room air Go out, and normal pressure cooling water is passed through into pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, starting the arc slag making is carried out using solid-state starting the arc method, controls voltage 36V, electric current 2300A, slugging 23min；After slugging, while melting chamber pressure and cooling water pressure are promoted to 3.9MPa, adjust Whole voltage 40V and electric current 3500A, starts to smelt, melting speed control 76kg/h.Controlled in smelting process current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, Voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.At the uniform velocity add in gross weight 120g's using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously Calcium-silicon carries out deoxidation.
(6) after electroslag feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates, and after closing AC power 5min, opens pressurization electroslag Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer cooling water pressure that reduces after steel ingot is fully cooled, deviate from steel to normal pressure Ingot, ingredient are as follows.
(7) ESR ingot is forged into the consutrode of diameter of phi=130mm, according to step 2)~6) carry out second of pressurization Electroslag remelting, ingredient are as follows.
(8) the defects of electroslag ingot surface is without slag runner, dross, pipe, fold, slag inclusion, in three different heights of ESR ingot Along three different locations (edge, central diameter, center) sampling detection nitrogen content of radial direction at (upper, middle and lower) and each height. Testing result is as follows.
From upper table, it can be seen that, this obtained nitrogen content of electroslag ingot is uniform in short transverse and radial distribution, reaches The requirement of nitrogen of target steel grade 30Cr15MoN0.4.
Embodiment two
200kg target steel grade 50Cr18MoVN0.2 are smelted using pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding, ingredient is such as (wt.%) following table.
(1) according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, using vaccum sensitive stove, argon gas protection, smelting are passed through in smelting process Refine pore-free, nitrogen-free high-purity consutrode base material, ingredient is as follows.
(2) it is then heated 2 hours at 1150 DEG C, starts to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1000 DEG C, the consutrode of diameter of phi=130mm is forged into, before use, vehicle falls the oxide skin on consutrode surface, it will be from power consumption Pole is welded on dummy electrode, and dummy electrode is loaded onto electrode.
(3) material identical with smelted 50Cr18MoVN0.2 is placed on the pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water tank below consutrode Arc ring, the 0.42kg strikings bits of matter.
(4) it will uniformly be poured into the crystallizer of a diameter of D=220mm in the 8.5kg pre-melted slags of 700 DEG C of bakings 6 hours, it is close Close working chamber；Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2：63%, Al2O3：10%, CaO：23%, MgO：3%, SiO2： 1%.
(5) nitrogen 5min is passed through with the speed of 15L/min into pressurization electroslag furnace working chamber, arranges melting room air Go out, and normal pressure cooling water is passed through into pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, starting the arc slag making is carried out using solid-state starting the arc method, controls voltage 37V, electric current 2400A, slugging 21min complete slag making；After slugging, Synchronous lifting melting chamber pressure and cooling water pressure are extremely 3.0MPa adjusts voltage 41V and electric current 3700A, starts to smelt, melting speed control 79kg/h.Current wave is controlled in smelting process Dynamic ＜ ± 3%, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.It is at the uniform velocity added in using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously The calcium-silicon of gross weight 120g carries out deoxidation.
(6) after electroslag feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates, and after closing AC power 5min, opens pressurization electroslag Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer cooling water pressure that reduces after steel ingot is fully cooled, deviate from steel to normal pressure Ingot, ingredient are as follows.
(7) the defects of electroslag ingot surface is without slag runner, dross, pipe, fold, slag inclusion, in three different heights of ESR ingot Along three different locations (edge, central diameter, center) sampling detection nitrogen content of radial direction at (upper, middle and lower) and each height. Testing result is as follows.
From upper table, it can be seen that, this obtained nitrogen content of electroslag ingot is uniform in short transverse and radial distribution, reaches The requirement of nitrogen of target steel grade 50Cr18MoVN0.2.
Embodiment three
200kg target steel grade 30Cr23Mo2N0.4, ingredient (wt.%) are smelted using pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding Such as following table.
(1) according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, using vaccum sensitive stove, argon gas protection, smelting are passed through in smelting process Refine pore-free, nitrogen-free high-purity consutrode base material, ingredient is as follows.
(2) it is then heated 2 hours at 1200 DEG C, starts to forge, using smaller drafts, final forging temperature is not less than 1080 DEG C, the consutrode of diameter of phi=130mm is forged into, before use, vehicle falls the oxide skin on consutrode surface, it will be from power consumption Pole is welded on dummy electrode, and dummy electrode is loaded onto electrode.
(3) material identical with smelted 30Cr23Mo2N0.4 is placed on the pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water tank below consutrode Arc ring, the 0.45kg strikings bits of matter.
(4) it will uniformly be poured into the crystallizer of a diameter of D=220mm in the 7.7kg pre-melted slags of 800 DEG C of bakings 5 hours, it is close Close working chamber；Pre-melted slag composition weight percent be：CaF2：63%, Al2O3：10%, CaO：23%, MgO：3%, SiO2： 1%.
(5) nitrogen 5min is passed through with the speed of 15L/min into pressurization electroslag furnace working chamber, arranges melting room air Go out, and normal pressure cooling water is passed through into pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, starting the arc slag making is carried out using solid-state starting the arc method, controls voltage 34V, electric current 2100A, slugging 25min；After slugging, while melting chamber pressure and cooling water pressure are promoted to 4.5MPa, adjust Whole voltage 38V and electric current 3200A, starts to smelt, melting speed control 70kg/h.Controlled in smelting process current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, Voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h.At the uniform velocity add in gross weight 110g's using step-by-step movement charger simultaneously Calcium-silicon carries out deoxidation.
(6) after electroslag feeding, electrode is lifted, smelting terminates, and after closing AC power 5min, opens pressurization electroslag Stove vent valve pressure release, the synchronous pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer cooling water pressure that reduces after steel ingot is fully cooled, deviate from steel to normal pressure Ingot, ingredient are as follows.
(7) ESR ingot is forged into the consutrode of diameter of phi 130mm, according to step 2)~6) carry out second of electricity that pressurizes Slag remelting, ingredient are as follows.
(8) the defects of electroslag ingot surface is without slag runner, dross, pipe, fold, slag inclusion, in three different heights of ESR ingot Along three different locations (edge, central diameter, center) sampling detection nitrogen content of radial direction at (upper, middle and lower) and each height. Testing result is as follows.
From upper table, it can be seen that, this obtained nitrogen content of electroslag ingot is uniform in short transverse and radial distribution, reaches The requirement of nitrogen of target steel grade 30Cr23Mo2N0.4.

Claims (2)

  1. A kind of 1. method for the electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel that pressurizes, which is characterized in that the method Include the following steps：
    1) preparation of consutrode：According to the elemental composition of target steel grade, the vaccum sensitive stove protected using argon gas smelts no gas Hole, nitrogen-free high-purity martensitic stain less steel consutrode base material, and be forged into suitable pressurization electroslag furnace electroslag remelting size Consutrode, it is then air-cooled；It is welded on dummy electrode after the oxide skin on removal consutrode surface, and is clamped with electrode Device connects；
    2) laying of striking agent：It is placed on pressurization electroslag furnace bottom water tank below consutrode with institute's smelting high-nitrogen martensite not Arc ring, the 0.45 ± 0.05kg strikings bits for steel phase same material of becoming rusty, make consutrode-striking bits-bottom water tank three closely connect It touches, ensures there is electric current to pass through after being powered；
    3) baking of slag：The pre-melted slag that will be suitable for high nitrogen martensitic stain less steel gas nitriding carries out 5~7 hours at 600~800 DEG C Baking；
    4) starting the arc slag making：It opens water system and normal pressure cooling water is passed through into pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, and pre- by what is toasted Slag is disposably added in crystallizer, closed working chamber, into working chamber with 10~15L/min speed be passed through nitrogen 5~ 10min discharges melting room air, is closed AC power, and starting the arc slag making is carried out using solid-state starting the arc method, wherein：Voltage It is 2000~2500A for 33~38V, electric current, the slugging time is 20~25min；
    5) pressurize electroslag smelting：Slag making terminates to be filled with nitrogen supercharging in backward working chamber to 2~5MPa, Synchronous lifting pressurization electroslag Cooling water pressure in stove crystallizer adjusts voltage to 38~43V, electric current to 2900~4000A to 2~5MPa, that is, starts Pressurize electroslag smelting, and melting speed control equation is that v=(0.30~0.40) × Dkg/h, D is crystallizer for electroslag furnace size, and unit is mm；Current fluctuation ＜ ± 3%, voltage fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5%, molten speed fluctuation ＜ ± 0.5kg/h are controlled in smelting process；Profit simultaneously The calcium-silicon deoxidation of 0.4~0.7kg/ tons of steel is uniformly added into step-by-step movement charger；
    6) it taps：Lifting electrode terminates to smelt after pressurization electroslag smelting feeding；AC power 5min is closed, then opens pressurization electricity For the pressure release of slag hearth vent valve to normal pressure, synchronizing, which reduces cooling water pressure in pressurization electroslag furnace crystallizer, to normal pressure, treats that steel ingot temperature drops To room temperature, deviate from steel ingot；
    7) it is higher than 0.3% steel grade for target nitrogen content, the ESR ingot of first time remelting is forged into suitable pressurization electroslag furnace The consutrode of electroslag remelting size, by step 2)~6) second of pressurization electroslag remelting is carried out, to reach target nitrogen content.
  2. 2. the method for pressurization electroslag remelting gas nitriding smelting high-nitrogen martensitic stain less steel according to claim 1, special Sign is：The nitrogen appearance of pre-melted slag described in step 3) reaches 1.40 × 10-13, chemical composition mass percent is：CaF2： 63%, Al2O3：10%, CaO：23%, MgO：3%, SiO2：1%.
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CN107502750A (en) * 2017-08-16 2017-12-22 辽宁科技大学 The computational methods of consutrode increasing weight of oxidation in a kind of esr process
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CN112359217B (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-07-08 浙江天马轴承集团有限公司 Pressurizing electroslag remelting process for supersaturated high-nitrogen stainless steel
CN112899438B (en) * 2021-01-15 2022-03-01 东北大学 Method for duplex smelting of high-nitrogen steel by pressurized ladle refining and pressurized electroslag remelting
CN113523246A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-10-22 青岛力晨新材料科技有限公司 Method for preparing bimetal composite plate by electroslag casting
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