CN105906099A - Rapid treating method for rare earth radioactive wastewater - Google Patents
Rapid treating method for rare earth radioactive wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN105906099A CN105906099A CN201610401828.7A CN201610401828A CN105906099A CN 105906099 A CN105906099 A CN 105906099A CN 201610401828 A CN201610401828 A CN 201610401828A CN 105906099 A CN105906099 A CN 105906099A
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- rare earth
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid treating method for rare earth radioactive wastewater. The method comprises the steps that a compound uranium removing agent and an oxidizing agent are added into radioactive wastewater with the pH of 3-7, residual organic extraction agent in rare earth extraction wastewater is efficiently oxidized through the synergistic effect of the compound uranium removing agent and the oxidizing agent, the complexing state of the extraction agent and uranium is damaged, uranium is combined with the compound uranium removing agent to generate a stable compound so as to achieve removal, the compound uranium removing agent can form loose floc in wastewater, and the floc has the strong adsorption ability on residual other radioactive elements such as thorium in water, so that radioactive elements and heavy metal ions in water are rapidly removed, deep removal of radioactive elements is achieved, the drained out can stably reach the limiting value of emission standards of radioactive elements and heavy metal in Rare Earth Industrial Pollutant Emission Standards (GB26451-2011), a new path is developed for rapid deep treatment of radioactive wastewater, and the application prospect is quite good.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method that rare earth radioactive wastewater quickly processes, particularly a kind of to rare-earth trade product
The thoriated of life, the method for uranium radioactive wastewater, belong to technical field of radioactive wastewater treatment.
Background technology:
China's rare-earth industry was founded the factory from early 1960s, and the development through more than 50 years achieves brilliant one-tenth
Just, Rare Earth Production state, rare-earth products country of consumption and exported country the biggest in the world has been become.Along with rare earth is developed
Application study, is applied to multiple fields of national economy in tradition or new and high technology rare-earth products, but in rare earth smelting
In refining production process, " three wastes " and rare earth concomitant radioactivity nucleic thorium, uranium are seriously polluted, if these Spent Radioactives
Liquid can not timely and effective process, and is entered in complex by environment, produces multiple pathogenic effect, finally to ecology
Serious consequence is caused with human health.
The wherein uranium content containing radioactive wastewater produced in rare-earth industry production process at present is higher, is about
5mg/L, higher than more than 1000 times of ordinary river, according to uranium geology radiological protection and environmental protection code,
Limiting concentration in uranium water source in the open is 0.05mg/L, and " rare-earth industry pollutant emission standard "
(GB26451-2011) regulation thorium, the emission limit of total uranium amount 0.1mg/L in, conventional pre-of rare-earth trade
First processing technique is neutralization of lime milk, and radioactive substance main after process all can not reach emission request, must
Just can must arrange outward after advanced treating.
Uranium-bearing material is dammed by current process rare earth Spent Radioactive method for treating water as much as possible, Direct precipitation or dense
Shrink in water, to reach the effect of purifying water body.Traditional main concentration method of radioactive water processing method, including
The methods such as chemical precipitation, ion exchange, are concentrated by evaporation, absorption.But it is owing to evaporation concentration method is relatively costly, dense
Contracting mud needs cured barrier to process；Ion-exchange removing coefficient is high, raw water quality is required higher, by competition from
Son impact is relatively big, the regeneration of ion-exchanger and dispose the deficiencies such as more difficult and radiation resistance is poor.Absorption method has
Technique is simple, decontamination factor is high, but relatively costly；Although the technology costs such as chemical precipitation method are relatively low, but run
Instability, the shortcomings such as standard water discharge is difficult, it is difficult to promote.In recent years, people's constantly shortcoming to traditional handicraft
Improve, continuously search for new technology such as membrane technology and micro-compound technology simultaneously.Membrane separation technique has water outlet
The plurality of advantages such as water quality is good, cycles of concentration is high, decontamination factor is big, stable and reliable operation.But, membrane technology is also
Existence easily generates dirt, water short, dense in service life needs the significant drawbacks such as process further, and micro-composite governance is low to be put
Penetrating property waste water is to reclaim, as composite treating agent, adsorption and enrichment, the uranium etc. being present in the aqueous solution with micro-composite thallus
Radionuclide, efficiency is high, low cost, and power consumption is few, and does not has secondary pollution, it is possible to achieve radioactivity
The minimizing target of refuse, can create favorable conditions for the regeneration of nucleic or geological disposal.External Ghasemi
Adsorbing the performance of U (VI) in waste water etc. have studied capsule chain algae, adsorption capacity is up to 318.15mg/g.The profits such as Silva
With the U (VI) in sargassum absorption waste water, clearance can reach 64%.Domestic scholars have studied domestic
Person have studied the research of Biosorption of Uranium By Alginate Immobilized Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, and result shows, through formaldehyde crosslinking, sea
After calcium alginate is fixing, brewer's yeast bacteria immobilized particle uranium adsorbance substantially increases, up to 769.2mg/g.State
Outer existing research uses single being combined to remove waterborne radioactivity element, and process control is complicated, is in reality at present more
Test conceptual phase, rarely have heavy industrialization to apply.
Summary of the invention:
The invention aims to overcome conventional physical chemical method cost high, fluctuation of service, standard water discharge is stranded
Difficulty, new technology UF membrane exists and easily generates dirt, service life short significant drawback, and existing composite algorithm research
All with the single radioactive element being combined and removing in waste water, and the defect that clearance is the highest, it is proposed that Yi Zhongfu
Close the method that de-uranium agent can quickly process rare earth radioactive wastewater, its activity concentration scope
37～3.7 × 105Bq/L, contained major radiation element are other polluters such as uranium, thorium and heavy metal.Logical
Cross the present invention, utilize the synergy of the compound de-many groups of uranium agent and oxidant, can be by thorium, uranium concentration in waste water
Being down to below 0.005mg/L by 5mg/L content, in water outlet, uranium, thorium total content are less than 0.01mg/L, and real
The deep purifying of existing heavy metal ions in wastewater, uranium, thorium concentration can stably reach " rare-earth industry pollutant row
Put standard " thorium, the emission limit of total uranium amount 0.1mg/L in (GB26451-2011).
It is an object of the invention to be accomplished by:
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater, comprises the following steps:
(1) regulation rare earth radioactive wastewater is to acid or neutral；
(2) in step (1) gained solution, compound de-uranium agent reaction is added；
Described compound de-uranium agent be by bodied ferric sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate,
Ferrous perchlorate, potassium ferrate, polyaluminium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, one or more and dioxygen of aluminium chloride
The solution that water and sulfuric acid reaction obtain；
(3) add oxidant according to the concentration of COD in waste water and carry out oxidation reaction；
(4) then regulation solution is to acid or alkaline, and stirring is reacted, and staticly settles separation.
Described rare earth radioactive wastewater is thoriated, the Spent Radioactive of uranium produced in rare-earth industry production process
Water.
Step (1) utilize the pH value of acid or alkali regulation radioactive wastewater between 3～7.
According to the ratio that mass ratio is 0.5～1.5:1 of compound de-uranium agent with uranium under stirring in step (2)
Example adds compound de-uranium agent, reacts 5-15 minute.
The concrete preparation process of the compound de-uranium agent described in step (2) is as follows:
A, by bodied ferric sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous perchlorate, high ferro
Acid potassium, polyaluminium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, one or more dissolvings of aluminium chloride, mass fraction controls 30～40%,
Control temperature 20～40 DEG C, stirring reaction at least 2 hours；
B, step a obtain adding in product hydrogen peroxide and the strong sulfuric acid response of 50% of mass percent 27%
2～4 hours, after addition, in reaction system, hydrogen peroxide mass concentration was 2～5%, dense sulphur in reaction system after addition
Acid concentration 1～5%；Supernatant liquor is compound de-uranium agent.
In step (3), oxidant is 2.0～5.0:1 with the mass ratio of COD, oxidation time 15～30
Minute.Described oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, hypochlorite, chlorate or the perchlorate of acidifying
The aqueous solution.
Step (4) addition alkali regulation pH value is to 7～9, and stirring is reacted 10-15 minute, staticly settles separation.
The alkali added in step (4) includes alkali-metal hydroxide and oxide, the metallic hydrogen of alkaline-earth metal
Oxide, liquid alkali or carbide slurry.
Flocculant can also be added when step (4) staticly settles simultaneously.
The present invention uses the uranium in compound de-uranium agent technique fast deep removing rare earth radioactive wastewater, by compound
De-uranium agent produces hydroxyl radical free radical and high price iron al-based compound with the synergy of oxidant, gives up rare earth extraction
In water, organic medicament of residual carries out efficient oxidation destruction, makes the complex state that the uranium in waste water is formed with extraction medicament
Material loses stable, flocculant compounding in compound de-uranium agent, can form loose suede grain, this suede grain in waste water
Other radioactive element thoriums etc. of residual in water are had the strongest adsorption capacity, thus in quickly cleaning water
Radioactive element, heavy metal ion, it is achieved the deep purifying of radioactive element, water outlet can stably reach " rare earth
Emission of industrial pollutants standard " radioactive element in (GB26451～2011), heavy metal ion discharge standard
Limit value, opens new approach for radioactive wastewater deep treatment, has good application prospect.
The method for treating water containing Spent Radioactive of the present invention has a following significant technique effect:
1, according to trace in the water of regulation in " rare-earth industry pollutant emission standard " (GB26451～2011)
In the analysis of uranium and water, the analysis method of thorium measures, influent density be thorium, uranium concentration total amount be 5mg/L, process
Rear water outlet thorium, total uranium amount are less than 0.1mg/L, can stably reach " rare-earth industry pollutant emission standard "
(GB26451～2011) limit value；
2, owing to have employed compound de-uranium agent method, present invention radioactive element in stable removes RE waste water
The heavy metals such as the lead in waste water, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, chromium can be removed, it is achieved putting in waste water while thorium, uranium
Penetrating property element and the deep purifying of various heavy, technological process quickly, simply, has good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 present invention process schematic flow sheet.
Detailed description of the invention
It is intended to further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, and the unrestricted present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of compound de-uranium agent:
A, by bodied ferric sulfate (Fe2(OH)n(SO4)3～n/2)m, iron chloride (FeCl3·6H2O), nitric acid is sub-
Iron (Fe (NO3)2·6H2O), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O), ferrous perchlorate (Fe (ClO4)2)、
Potassium ferrate (K2FeO4), polyaluminium sulfate [Al2(OH)m(SO4)3-]n, aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), chlorine
Change aluminium (AlCl3) one or more dissolve, mass fraction controls 30～40%, controls temperature 20～40 DEG C,
Stirring reaction 2 hours；
B, to obtain product by step a with adding mass percent be the hydrogen peroxide (mass fraction 27%) of 2～5%
With 1～the concentrated sulfuric acid (mass fraction 50%) of 5%, react 2～4 hours.Supernatant liquor is compound de-uranium agent.
Embodiment 2
Radioactive wastewater 3.24mg/L Han uranium concentration of certain rare earth processing enterprise discharge, COD 445mg/L, pH
Value is 10.4, adds dilute sulfuric acid and pre-processes, regulate pH to about 3.0, according to 1.2kg/m in waste water3
Amount adds compound de-uranium agent, and stirring reaction 10min, according to 1.0kg/m3Addition oxidant, oxidation reaction 20min,
Add sodium hydroxide solution to regulate to about pH=9.0, reaction time 15min, stand 10 minutes, take
Clear liquid carries out detecting uranium analysis, and in test water outlet, the concentration of uranium is ＜ 0.087mg/L, less than " rare-earth industry
Pollutant emission standard " thorium, the emission limit of total uranium amount 0.1mg/L in (GB26451～2011).
Embodiment 3
Take radioactive wastewater 10L, thoriated concentration 0.8mg/L in waste water, containing uranium concentration 2.1mg/L, pH 7.3,
COD 322.4mg/L, adds compound de-uranium agent 1.0L and carries out reacting 10min, be subsequently adding 10mL in waste water
Oxidant carries out oxidation reaction 20min, adds Ca (OH)2Solution regulates to about pH=9.0, during reaction
Between 10min, add 2mL flocculant PAM (mass fraction 0.1%), stand after stirring 1min, carry out
Separation of solid and liquid.Take supernatant and carry out the analysis detection of thorium, uranium.Through analyzing the concentration of thorium in test water outlet it is
0.01mg/L, the concentration of uranium is 0.005mg/L, and thorium, total uranium amount are 0.015mg/L, less than " rare-earth industry
Pollutant emission standard " thorium, the emission limit of total uranium amount 0.1mg/L in (GB26451～2011).
Embodiment 4
Taking certain Rare Earth Enterprises radioactive wastewater 10L, the heavy metal element wherein comprised and content are shown in Table 1, use
Sulfuric acid regulation wastewater pH is to about 5.0.Add compound de-uranium agent 10mL to carry out reacting 15min, add oxygen
Agent 0.8mL carries out catalytic oxidation 20min, adds Ca (OH)2Solution regulates to about pH=9.0,
Reaction time 10min, adds 2mL flocculant PAM (mass fraction 0.1%), stands after stirring 1min,
Carry out separation of solid and liquid.Take supernatant analysis result as shown in table 1.Concentration of heavy metal ion in waste water and radiation
Property element is below emission limit in " rare-earth industry pollutant emission standard " (GB26451～2011).
Heavy metal residual concentration (unit: except mg/L, pH) before and after the compound de-uranium agent process of table 1 radioactive wastewater
Claims (10)
1. the method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) regulation rare earth radioactive wastewater is to acid or neutral；
(2) in step (1) gained solution, compound de-uranium agent reaction is added；
Described compound de-uranium agent be by bodied ferric sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate,
Ferrous perchlorate, potassium ferrate, polyaluminium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, one or more and dioxygen of aluminium chloride
The solution that water and sulfuric acid reaction obtain；
(3) add oxidant according to the concentration of COD in waste water and carry out oxidation reaction；
(4) then regulation solution is to acid or alkaline, and stirring is reacted, and staticly settles separation.
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The rare earth radioactive wastewater stated is thoriated, the radioactive wastewater of uranium produced in rare-earth industry production process.
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that
Step (1) utilize the pH value of acid or alkali regulation radioactive wastewater between 3～7.
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly (2) add according to the ratio that mass ratio is 0.5～1.5:1 of compound de-uranium agent with uranium under stirring
Compound de-uranium agent, reacts 5-15 minute.
5. according to the method quickly processed of the rare earth radioactive wastewater described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that
The concrete preparation process of the compound de-uranium agent described in step (2) is as follows:
A, by bodied ferric sulfate, iron chloride, ferrous nitrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous perchlorate, high ferro
Acid potassium, polyaluminium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, one or more dissolvings of aluminium chloride, mass fraction controls 30～40%,
Control temperature 20～40 DEG C, stirring reaction at least 2 hours；
B, step a obtain adding in product hydrogen peroxide and the strong sulfuric acid response of 50% of mass percent 27%
2～4 hours, after addition, in reaction system, hydrogen peroxide mass concentration was 2～5%, dense sulphur in reaction system after addition
Acid concentration 1～5%；Supernatant liquor is compound de-uranium agent.
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (3), the mass ratio of oxidant and COD is 2.0～5.0:1, oxidation time 15～30 minutes.
7. according to the method quickly processed of the rare earth radioactive wastewater described in claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that
Described oxidant is the water-soluble of hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, hypochlorite, chlorate or the perchlorate of acidifying
Liquid.
The method quickly processed of rare earth radioactive wastewater the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly (4) addition alkali regulation pH value is to 7～9, and stirring reaction 10-15 minute staticly settles separation.
9. according to the method quickly processed of the rare earth radioactive wastewater described in claim 1 or 8, it is characterised in that
The alkali added in step (4) includes alkali-metal hydroxide and oxide, the metallic hydrogen oxidation of alkaline-earth metal
Thing, liquid alkali or carbide slurry.
10. according to the method quickly processed of the rare earth radioactive wastewater described in claim 1 or 8, it is characterised in that
Step (4) is simultaneously introduced flocculant when staticly settling.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108117187A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中铝广西国盛稀土开发有限公司 | The process of heavy metal in a kind of intermittent processing RE waste water |
| CN109014175A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 南华大学 | It is raw material except uranium aluminium powder and except uranium method based on aluminium ring pull end |
| CN109626631A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Low content radioactive pollutant treatment process in a kind of rare earth metallurgy |
| CN111018184A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-17 | 钢研集团稀土科技有限公司 | Process method for treating rare earth wastewater |
| CN111018223A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 湖南中核金原新材料有限责任公司 | Method for realizing zero discharge of wastewater in process of producing rare earth chloride from monazite |
| CN111170474A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-19 | 西南科技大学 | Method for removing uranium in ryegrass-enriched degradation residual liquid by microorganisms under aerobic condition |
| CN114249451A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-29 | 西南科技大学 | Novel method for treating wastewater of high-temperature gas cooled reactor element core preparation process |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108117187A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-06-05 | 中铝广西国盛稀土开发有限公司 | The process of heavy metal in a kind of intermittent processing RE waste water |
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| CN109626631A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-04-16 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Low content radioactive pollutant treatment process in a kind of rare earth metallurgy |
| CN111018184A (en) * | 2019-12-21 | 2020-04-17 | 钢研集团稀土科技有限公司 | Process method for treating rare earth wastewater |
| CN111018223A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 湖南中核金原新材料有限责任公司 | Method for realizing zero discharge of wastewater in process of producing rare earth chloride from monazite |
| CN111170474A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-05-19 | 西南科技大学 | Method for removing uranium in ryegrass-enriched degradation residual liquid by microorganisms under aerobic condition |
| CN114249451A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-29 | 西南科技大学 | Novel method for treating wastewater of high-temperature gas cooled reactor element core preparation process |
| CN114249451B (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2024-03-12 | 西南科技大学 | Novel method for treating high-temperature gas cooled reactor element core preparation process wastewater |
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