CN105894814A - Joint optimization method and system for multiple traffic management and control measures in consideration of environmental benefits - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a joint optimization method and system for multiple traffic management and control measures in consideration of environmental benefits. All vehicles in the system are connected to a network, and data and information can be transmitted between vehicles, between vehicles and a road and between vehicles and a traffic control system. The system comprises a control range delimiting and expected effect setting module, a data acquisition module, a simulation data preprocessing module, a macroscopic traffic flow simulation module, a traffic control effect evaluation module, a control scheme optimization module and a control scheme issuing and implementation module. According to the system, macroscopic traffic flow is simulated on a simulation platform by using mass data information provided by the vehicular networking technology, and multiple traffic management and control measures are jointly optimized, so that exhaust emission of motor vehicles in a road network is reduced in consideration of the operating efficiency of the road network, and the purpose of improving the quality of air is fulfilled.

Description

Consider multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method and the system of environmental benefit

Technical field

The invention belongs to traffic environment field of engineering technology, be specifically related to a kind of multiple traffic pipe considering environmental benefit Control measure combined optimization method and system.

Background technology

Along with the fast development of China's economy and improving constantly of people's living standard, purchase car demand steady-state growth, machine Motor-car recoverable amount rises year by year.Adding up according to Public Security Department of the Ministry of Public Security, by the end of the year 2015, whole nation motor vehicles is possessed Amount reaches 2.79 hundred million, and wherein 1.72 hundred million, automobile, new registration amount and annual increment all reach all-time high.Motor vehicles The increase of recoverable amount, while being convenient for people to trip, also can cause that traffic congestion, environmental pollution etc. are a series of asks Topic.In national environmental monitoring in 2015 meeting, Environmental Protection Agency deputy bureau director mentions the source of atmospheric pollution analysis result in 9 cities, Have determined that Beijing, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, the primary atmospheric pollution source in four cities, Shenzhen are motor vehicles.Therefore, as What reduces traffic emission by traffic administration and the rational control measure of science, improves air quality, it has also become urgently Problem to be solved.

Traffic control measure mainly has: section and turn to forbidden, signal timing dial, road toll etc..Grinding forefathers Studying carefully and in actual application, above-mentioned means are mainly used to improve road network operational efficiency.However as environmental problem day by day Highlight, it is necessary to apply it in the traffic control of consideration environmental benefit.Although in traffic emission control problem, Chinese scholars made much fruitful research, but for the mutual balance of traffic efficiency with environmental benefit, And the combined optimization of management and control measure but rarely has and mentions, the most do not make full use of the car networking technology day by day risen.

Summary of the invention

Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of multiple traffic pipe considering environmental benefit Control measure combined optimization method, utilizes the mass data information that car networking technology is provided, by multiple traffic pipe The combined optimization of control measure, while taking into account road network operational efficiency, reduces road network automotive emission, improves Air quality.

It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of multiple traffic pipe considering environmental benefit Control measure combined optimization method, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) traffic administration person determines that the scope of control area, Traffic Evaluation index and expection control effect.Described friendship Logical evaluation index can reflect road network overall operation situation, and takes into account road network operational efficiency and environmental benefit.

(2) road, vehicle, environment, traffic control scheme information in control area is obtained.

(3) Macro-traffic Flow emulation input data prediction.

(3.1) to the control area delimited in step (1), section therein sum and node total number are added up, and Number in order to each section and node.

(3.2) type of vehicle needing to control under every kind of mode of transportation is determined, obtained in step (2) Information of vehicle flowrate, the anti-transport need pushed away in control area, transport need is with number as ultimate unit.Transport need Representing with the form of OD battle array, describing with two-dimensional array Q, to element Q [i] [j] each in array, label i represents Point, label j represents terminal, the transport need that the value of Q [i] [j] represented between i to j in the unit interval.

(3.3) according to the road information obtained in step (2) and information of vehicle flowrate, in derivation control area every Section traffic capacity C under different modes of transportation.

(3.4) according to road information, it is thus achieved that the free stream velocity v in section.According to free stream velocity v and step (2) Road section length L of middle acquisition estimates every the section free stream time t under different modes of transportation₀=L/v.

(3.5) according to road section capacity C and freely time t is flowed₀Design section under different modes of transportation k time Between roadlock t.Wherein t is the function of mode of transportation k vehicle flowrate x on a of section, and function meets following condition: Monotonic increase and continuously differentiable；When flow is minimum, roadlock is close to zero flow impedance；Allow the existence of supersaturation flow.

(3.6) determine traffic control measure to be optimized and the concrete section of enforcement thereof or crossing, record current Control program.Wherein traffic control measure include but not limited to section and turn to forbidden, signal timing dial, road toll, Section canalization, tide track, current priority are arranged.

(3.7) the traffic control measure to be optimized impact on time Impedance Function is determined, and by it to control (variable Form add in the mathematical expression of time Impedance Function, obtain broad sense Impedance Function c.

(3.8) according to pollutants in air concentration information measured in step (2), pollution to be controlled is determined Species type.The evaluation index of pollutant can be that pollutant are to the extent of injury of health or to air visibility Influence degree.

(3.9) to step (3.8) needs the pollutant that are controlled, according to step (2) obtains each The average discharge of these pollutant in the car unit interval, estimates under different mode of transportation these pollutant in control area In the range of average emission factors.

(4) Macro-traffic Flow emulation

(4.1) data that step (2) and step (3) obtain are input in Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, enter Row emulation.Wherein Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, needs have following functions: the most self-defined emulation duration.2. certainly Definition transport need, including fixed demand and elastic demand.The most self-defined Impedance Function.The most self-defined multiple difference Vehicle, and Traffic mode split can be simulated.The most self-defined traffic control scheme.6. stochastic user equilibrium assignment is pressed former The then optimizing paths of the online vehicle of simulation road.7. can generate form after emulation terminates, output road network runs letter Breath.Described information includes but not limited to, the total transport need of road network, selects the number of every kind of mode of transportation, in road network The flow of dissimilar vehicle on every section, road network overall travel time, the discharge of dissimilar pollutant in road network Amount.

(4.2) the Macro-traffic Flow emulation module described in can be that to meet (4.1) after secondary development described imitative The commercial vehicle simulation software of true demand, such as Vissim, Aimsun, TransModeler etc., it is also possible to be autonomous The Traffic Flow Simulation model such as Cell Transmission Model set up, or the mathematical model represented by Mathematical Planning form.Different Be that commercial vehicle simulation software can the most directly use, and the model independently set up needs to use and compiles Journey language conversion inputs data again after becoming executable program and carries out Traffic Flow Simulation.Described programming language include but It is not limited to MATLAB, C, C++, JAVA.

(4.3) emulation of Macro-traffic Flow is carried out as follows:

(4.3.1) calculation times is set, n=1.

(4.3.2) according to the OD battle array of input, the traffic under every kind of mode of transportation is determined by Traffic mode split model Demand.Hypothesis made herein is that traveler uses same mode of transportation, midway not to have from initial point to terminal always The conversion of mode of transportation.Described Traffic mode split model uses the disaggregation theory in units of individual, including But it is not limited to Logit model, Probit model.

(4.3.3) mode of transportation k concrete to each, according to its average passenger occupancy m, by transport need number Matrix Q_kBe converted to transport need vehicle number matrix q_k.Conversion regime is q_k=Q_k/m。

(4.3.4) to each concrete mode of transportation k and transport need q_k, carry out by Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model Traffic assignation, obtains link flow matrix x_k,n.The principle of distribution is: broad sense roadlock is the unique of decision Path selection Factor；Broad sense roadlock is affected by traffic flow and traffic control measure；It is independent of each other between different modes of transportation. Described Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model can simulate the uncertainty that roadlock is estimated by passerby, includes but not limited to polynary Logit model, polynary Probit model, Burrell model.

(4.3.5) judge that calculation times n, whether more than 3, if n > 3, performs step (4.3.6)；Otherwise by n Add 1, according to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, the link flow matrix in step (4.3.4) is brought into, more New broad sense roadlock, performs step (4.3.2), starts new assignment of traffic once.

(4.3.6) enter this step explanation calculation times and meet the requirement judging that road network balances.Each is had Mode of transportation k of body, by formulaCalculate its n-th, 2 assignment of traffic of n 1, n knot The meansigma methods of fruitAnd with the n-th 1, the meansigma methods of 3 assignment of traffic results of n 2, nRelatively.If the difference of the two is beyond the accuracy rating preset, road is described Net is not reaching to balance, needs to add 1 by n, according to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, by step (4.3.4) In link flow matrix bring into, update broad sense roadlock, perform step (4.3.2), start new assignment of traffic the most once. If the difference of the two is in default accuracy rating, then judges that road network has reached balance, terminate to calculate.

(4.3.7) the traffic matrix x of each mode of transportation k is exported_k,n, road network overall travel time, different in road network The discharge capacity of type of contaminant.

(5) traffic control effect assessment

The result emulated by Macro-traffic Flow controls effect with the expection of traffic administration person in step (1) and compares. Index at least two relatively, a reflection road network overall operation efficiency, a reflection road network urban publiclife. If comparative result is not reaching to target, perform step (6)；If reached, perform step (7).

(6) traffic control scheme optimization

(6.1) in the control program described in, including at least two kinds of traffic control measures.Each traffic control is arranged Execute, use one group of control variable to express, with the change of the change reflection traffic control scheme of the concrete numerical value of control variable.

(6.2) use an one-dimension array to store all of control variable, as a traffic control scheme, use Traffic control scheme is optimized and obtains new traffic control scheme by optimized algorithm.

(6.3) new traffic control scheme is brought broad sense Impedance Function into, update roadlock, perform step (4), enter The new Macro-traffic Flow emulation once of row.

(7) issue new traffic control scheme by car-mounted terminal, make traveler in advance trip mode and path be done Go out planning.

Further, in described step (1), the feature of described control area is: be in city scope, region Sharpness of border, intra-zone section is complete, including at least a signalized crossing, to air quality requirements relatively High and pedestrian comes in and goes out frequently.Include but not limited to scenic spot, ancient building accumulation regions, residential block, shopping mall etc..

Further, in described step (1), described road network operational efficiency can be with all traveler overall travel times Or always broad sense trip spends and represents；Environmental benefit can use motor vehicle emission amount, pollutants in air concentration, The index expressions such as air quality index.Intended control effect can be that the actual value of each index reaches expected value, If pollutants in air concentration actual value is less than expected value；Can also be that the actual change of each index reaches desired Change, as motor vehicle emission amount reduces by 10.

Further, described step (2) is specific as follows:

(2.1) serviced by commercial network map search, such as Baidu's map, high moral map etc., it is thus achieved that control area Interior road network information.Including the geometry of road, number of track-lines, the adjacent pass between road section length L, and section System.

(2.2) vehicle GPS in being networked by car, trackside license plate recognition device, obtain different on every section a friendship The vehicle flowrate x of logical mode k.

(2.3) vehicle-mounted discharge detection device in being networked by car, it is thus achieved that every kind of pollutant in each car unit interval Average discharge.Wherein, the pollutant that can record include but not limited to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, Hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides.

(2.4) control area internal contamination substrate concentration information is obtained by air quality monitoring stations point.

(2.5) Nei Ge section, control area and the traffic control scheme of crossing are obtained by traffic control system.

Further, in described step (6), according to the feature of control variable, traffic control scheme can be divided into Discrete and continuous two types.The control variable of discrete type traffic control scheme can use 01 variablees to represent, Such as section with turn to forbidden, passing through is 1, and obstructed is 0；The control variable of type traffic control scheme is setting continuously In the range of consecutive variations, as road toll, it is possible to use section toll rate p represents, wherein p_max>=p >=p_min.For signal timing dial, it is possible to use the split λ of section exit ramp represents, wherein λ_max>=λ >=λ_min。

Further, in described step (6.2), described optimized algorithm includes but not limited to genetic algorithm, population Algorithm, simulated annealing.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization system considering environmental benefit, in system, all vehicles all access Network, Che Yuche, Che Yulu, car and traffic control system, it is possible to achieve data and the transmission of information.This system Delimit and Expected Results setting module including span of control, data acquisition module, emulate data preprocessing module, grand See Traffic Flow Simulation module, traffic control effect assessment module, design approach module, control program issue with Implement module.

It is according to controlling requirement by traffic administration person that span of control delimit the function with Expected Results setting module, input Need to carry out the region of management and control stimulation optimization in city scope, and determine Traffic Evaluation index and the expection control in this region Effect processed.

The function of data acquisition module is to realize road, vehicle, environment, the collection of traffic control scheme and storage, And be connected with Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, it is achieved the transmission of data and sharing.

The function of emulation data preprocessing module is the data that data acquisition module transmits to be processed, and changes into energy The input parameter directly used by Macro-traffic Flow emulation module.

The function of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module is to receive the data that emulation data preprocessing module provides, and hands over reality Through-flow simulation, reproduces actual traffic network operation situation, and exports transportation network operation information to traffic control Effect assessment module.

The function of traffic control effect assessment module is that the transportation network receiving the output of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module is run Information, compares with the target of traffic administration person, it is judged that whether current road network ruuning situation reaches expection mesh Mark.If reaching target, then current feedback control scheme is exported and issue to control program and implement module；If It is not reaching to target, then current feedback control scheme is exported and be optimized to design approach module.

The function of design approach module is that the expection that is not reaching to receiving the output of traffic control effect assessment module is controlled The control program of target processed, is optimized the program, and the new departure after optimizing exports and imitates to Macro-traffic Flow True module, emulates again.

Control program issue with implement module function be receive traffic control effect assessment module send meet expection Control the control program of target, by control program external disclosure, and be applied in actual traffic control.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: on the basis of making full use of car networking data, from macroscopic perspective, by many The mode of kind of traffic control measure combined optimization, reaches to reduce the purpose of automotive emission in urban area.Fill Point utilize car networking data, it is to avoid time, energy and the statistics spent by artificial collection and measurement error, accurate Exactness is high, and real-time is good, and data volume is big；Macro-traffic Flow emulates, and from the angle of system, focuses on road network whole Running body effect, compares microcosmic and middle sight emulation, is more suitable for spread and uses；On same platform, real The combined optimization of existing multiple traffic control measure, takes into full account influencing each other between different management and control measure, more meets reality Border operation demand；In minimizing urban area, automotive emission is as optimization aim, is ensureing road network operational efficiency While, improve air quality, reduce the traffic emission health effect to traveler, improve environmental benefit.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the multiple traffic control measure combined optimization system considering environmental benefit in the present invention under car networked environment Block diagram；

Fig. 2 is the road network topology figure of instance analysis in the present invention；

Fig. 3 is Macro-traffic Flow simulation contact surface in the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention is described in detail.

The inventive method is applied to get off under networked environment and considers that the multiple traffic control measure associating of environmental benefit is excellent Change system, in system, the equal access network of all vehicles, Che Yuche, Che Yulu, car and traffic control system, permissible Realize the transmission of data and information, as shown in Figure 1.System includes that span of control delimited and Expected Results setting module, Data acquisition module, emulates data preprocessing module, Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, traffic control effect assessment mould Block, design approach module, control program is issued and implements module.Span of control delimited and set with Expected Results The function of module is according to controlling requirement by traffic administration person, needs to carry out management and control stimulation optimization in input city scope Region, and determine this region expection control effect.The function of data acquisition module be realize road, vehicle, Environment, the collection of traffic control scheme and storage, and be connected with Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, it is achieved the biography of data Pass and share.The function of emulation data preprocessing module is the data that data acquisition module transmits to be processed, and turns The input parameter that chemical conversion directly can be used by Macro-traffic Flow emulation module.The function of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module is Receive the data that emulation data preparation module provides, actual traffic stream is simulated, reproduce actual traffic network fortune Market condition, and export transportation network operation information to traffic control effect assessment module.Traffic control effect assessment mould The function of block is to receive the transportation network operation information of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module output, pre-with traffic administration person Phase target compares, it is judged that whether current road network ruuning situation reaches target.If reaching target, Then current feedback control scheme is exported and issue to control program and implement module；Without reaching target, then will Current feedback control scheme exports and is optimized to design approach module.The function of design approach module is to receive The expection that is not reaching to of traffic control effect assessment module output controls the control program of target, carries out excellent to the program Change, and will optimize after new departure export to Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, again emulate.Control program issue with The function implementing module is to receive the control program meeting expection control target that traffic control effect assessment module sends, By control program external disclosure, and it is applied in actual traffic control.

The inventive method comprises the following steps:

Step (1). traffic administration person determines that the scope of control area, expection control effect.

(1.1) traffic administration person delimit control area to be optimized.Wherein the feature of control area is: be in city In the range of, zone boundary is clear, and intra-zone section is complete, including at least a signalized crossing, to sky Gas prescription is higher and pedestrian comes in and goes out frequently.Include but not limited to scenic spot, ancient building accumulation regions, residential block, step Row street etc..In this example, the control area of delimitation is that somewhere comprises two signals and controls to hand in city, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province city The region of prong.Intra-zone comprises multiple park, higher to air quality requirements, meets control requirement.

(1.2) traffic administration person determines Traffic Evaluation index and intended control effect.Wherein, Traffic Evaluation index Should have gross feature, road network overall operation situation can be reflected, and take into account road network operational efficiency and environmental benefit.Road Network operation efficiency can represent with all traveler overall travel times or total broad sense trip cost；Environmental benefit can be used Motor vehicle emission amount, pollutants in air concentration, the index expression such as air quality index.Intended control Effect can be that the actual value of each index reaches expected value, if pollutants in air concentration actual value is less than expected value； Can also be that the actual change of each index reaches desired change, as motor vehicle emission amount reduces by percent Ten.In this example, selected evaluation index is motor vehicles on the overall travel time of all travelers in road network and road network Total discharge.Expected Results is in the case of not reducing road network operational efficiency, makes always to discharge minimum.

Step (2). obtain in control area the information such as road, vehicle, environment, traffic control scheme.

(2.1) serviced by commercial network map search, it is thus achieved that road network information in control area.Several including road What shape, number of track-lines, the syntopy between road section length L, and section.In this example, by Baidu's map, Obtain control zone road network information.

(2.2) vehicle GPS in being networked by car, trackside license plate recognition device, obtain different cars on every section a The vehicle flowrate x of type k.

(2.3) vehicle-mounted discharge device in being networked by car, it is thus achieved that in each car unit interval, every kind of pollutant is average Discharge capacity.Wherein, the pollutant that can record include but not limited to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, carbon Hydrogen compound and nitrogen oxides.

(2.4) control area internal contamination substrate concentration information is obtained by air quality monitoring stations point.

(2.5) Nei Ge section, control area and the traffic control scheme of crossing are obtained by traffic control system.

Step (3). Macro-traffic Flow emulation input data prediction.

(3.1) to the control area delimited in step (1), section therein sum and node total number are added up, and It is numbered in order to each section and node, distributes unique ID.In this example, road network topology figure is as shown in Figure 2. Herein, for simplifying the research of problem, only with one-way traffic stream as analyzing object.Road network represents joint with circle Point, line segment represents section, and on letter on node and section, numeral represents its numbering respectively, wherein nodes totally 12 Individual, section number totally 17.The adjacency matrix in section is shown in Table 1, and road section length is shown in Table 2.

Table 1 section adjacency matrix

Table 2 road section length

Section is numbered	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
										L(km)	0.829	0.612	0.856	0.801	0.975	0.831	0.605	0.734	0.966
Section is numbered	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
										L(km)	0.697	0.71	0.596	0.762	0.918	0.769	0.547	1.1

(3.2) type of vehicle needing to control under every kind of mode of transportation is determined, obtained in step (2) Information of vehicle flowrate and the average passenger occupancy of each car, the anti-transport need pushed away in control area.Transport need is with OD The form of battle array represents, describes by two-dimemsional number Q group, and to element Q [i] [j] each in array, label i represents starting point, mark Number j represents terminal, and the transport need that the value of Q [i] [j] represented between i to j in the unit interval, transport need is with people herein Number is ultimate unit.In this example, only exist two kinds of modes of transportation, under every kind of mode of transportation, have a kind of vehicle, respectively For car and bus.Additionally, only to node 1 as initial point, node 12 be the OD of terminal to being analyzed, Transport need be 3000 people/hour.

(3.3) according to the road information obtained in step (2) and vehicle flowrate, Nei Meitiao section, derivation control area Traffic capacity C to different automobile types vehicle.In this example, the road passage capability of car is C₁, the road of bus The road traffic capacity is C₂.For the section of non-mandrel roller, its traffic capacity and saturation volume rate S-phase etc.；For having The section that signal controls, saturation volume rate the split of the crossing associated with section together decides on.Saturation volume rate Concrete numerical value as shown in the table:

Table 3 section saturation volume rate

Section is numbered	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
										S1(veh/h)	1800	1800	2000	1800	2100	1800	2100	2000	2100
S2(veh/h)	1200	1200	1334	1200	1400	1200	1400	1334	1400
										Section is numbered	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
S1(veh/h)	2100	1800	1800	2000	1800	2100	1800	1800
										S2(veh/h)	1400	1200	1200	1334	1200	1400	1200	1200

(3.4) according to road information, it is thus achieved that the free stream velocity v in section.According to free stream velocity v and step (2) Road section length L of middle acquisition estimates every the section free stream time t to different automobile types vehicle₀=L/v.In this example, from Being 60km/h by Flow Velocity, the free stream time on calculated every section is as shown in table 4:

Table 4 section is freely flowed the time

Section is numbered	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
										t0(h)	0.0138	0.0102	0.0143	0.0134	0.0163	0.0138	0.0101	0.0122	0.0161
Section is numbered	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17
										t0(h)	0.0116	0.0118	0.0099	0.0127	0.0153	0.0128	0.0091	0.0183

(3.5) according to road section capacity C and freely time t is flowed₀The design section time roadlock to different automobile types vehicle k t.Wherein t is the function of vehicle k flow x on a of section, and needs to meet following condition: function is dull Incremental, continuously differentiable；When flow is minimum, roadlock is close to zero flow impedance；Allow the existence of supersaturation flow. In this example, use BPR function as time Impedance Function.

(3.6) determine traffic control measure to be optimized and the concrete section of enforcement thereof or crossing, record current Traffic control scheme.Wherein traffic control measure includes but not limited to section and turns to forbidden, signal timing dial, road Charge, section canalization, tide track, current priority are arranged.In this example, the traffic control measure of use is row Put charge and signal timing dial.Wherein to discharge charge, selected control variable is the rate of charge p in section, for Bus and two kinds of vehicles of car, charge method is that bus is free of charge, and car is charged, on every section Rate uses p successively₁, p₂... p₁₂Represent；To signal timing dial, selected control variable is the corresponding outlet in section The split λ in road, ignores complete red time and yellow time, if the split of section 7,3,12,8 exit ramp divides Wei λ₁, λ₂, λ₃, λ₄。

(3.7) the traffic control measure to be optimized impact on time Impedance Function is determined, and by it with control variable Form is added in the mathematical expression of time Impedance Function, obtains broad sense Impedance Function c.In this example, broad sense roadlock It is expressed as:

C (x, p, λ)=μ t (x, λ)+lpe_f

Wherein l is road section length, and p is toll rate, e_fFor emission factor, μ is time value conversion coefficient, when t is Between roadlock, it is expressed as:

$t(x,\mathrm{\λ})=t_0\[1+\mathrm{\α}{\left(\frac{x}{m\mathrm{\λ}S}\right)}^{\mathrm{\β}}\]$

Wherein α, β are model parameter, typically take α=0.15, β=0.4.M: average passenger occupancy；S: section saturated flow Rate；

(3.8) according to pollutants in air concentration information measured in step (2), determine to be controlled main Pollutant type.The evaluation index of pollutant can be that pollutant can be shown in the extent of injury of health or to air The influence degree of degree.In this example, the pollutant controlled are carbon dioxide, because its dirt discharged at motor vehicles Dye thing occupies larger proportion, and greenhouse effect can be caused.

(3.9) to (3.4) need the pollutant that are controlled, according to each car list obtained in step (2) The average discharge of these pollutant in bit time, estimates these pollutant of different automobile types putting down in the range of control area All emission factors.In this example, the CO2 emission factor of car is 322.3g/km, the titanium dioxide of bus The carbon emission factor is 1072.8g/km.

Step (4). Macro-traffic Flow emulates

(4.1) data that step (2) and step (3) obtain are input in Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, enter Row emulation.Wherein Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, needs have following functions: the most self-defined emulation duration.2. certainly Definition transport need, including fixed demand and elastic demand.The most self-defined Impedance Function.The most self-defined multiple difference The vehicle of vehicle, and Traffic mode split can be simulated.The most self-defined traffic control scheme.6. Stochastic User Equilibrium is pressed The optimizing paths of the online vehicle of distribution principle simulation road.7. can generate form after emulation terminates, export road network Operation information.Described information includes but not limited to, the total transport need of road network, takes the number of each type vehicle, The flow of dissimilar vehicle on every section in road network, road network overall travel time, dissimilar pollutant in road network Discharge capacity.

(4.2) the Macro-traffic Flow emulation module described in can be that to meet (4.1) after secondary development described imitative The commercial vehicle simulation software of true demand, such as Vissim, Aimsun, TransModeler etc., it is also possible to be autonomous The Traffic Flow Simulation model such as Cell Transmission Model set up, or the mathematical model represented by Mathematical Planning form.Different Be that commercial vehicle simulation software can the most directly use, and the model independently set up needs to use and compiles Journey language conversion inputs data again after becoming executable program and carries out Traffic Flow Simulation.Described programming language include but It is not limited to MATLAB, C, C++, JAVA.The Macro-traffic Flow phantom that this example is used is for Mathematical Planning The model that form represents, programming language is MATLAB, is embodied as:

$\begin{array}{cc}\min & z(x_a,{\hat{x}}_a,f_i^{re},{\hat{f}}_j^{rs},{\hat{q}}_{rs})=\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\γ}}_1}\underset{rs}{\Σ}\underset{i}{\Σ}{f}_i^{rs}{\mathrm{lnf}}_i^{rs}+\underset{a}{\Σ}{\∫}_0^{\frac{x_a}{m}}{c}_a(\mathrm{\ω},p_a)d\mathrm{\ω}+\frac{1}{{\mathrm{\γ}}_2}\underset{rs}{\Σ}\underset{j}{\Σ}{\hat{f}}_j^{rs}\ln {\hat{f}}_j^{rs}\\ & +\underset{a}{\Σ}{\∫}_0^{\frac{{\hat{x}}_a}{\hat{m}}}{\hat{c}}_a\left(\mathrm{\ω}\right)d\mathrm{\ω}+\underset{rs}{\Σ}{\∫}_0^{{\hat{q}}_{rs}}\left(\frac{1}{\mathrm{\θ}}\ln \frac{\mathrm{\ω}}{{\stackrel{\‾}{q}}_{rs}-\mathrm{\ω}}\right)d\mathrm{\ω}\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{cc}s.t.& \underset{i}{\Σ}{f}_i^{rs}={\stackrel{\‾}{q}}_{rs}-{\hat{q}}_{rs}\end{array}$

$\underset{j}{\Σ}{\hat{f}}_j^{rs}={\hat{q}}_{rs}$

$f_i^{rs},{\hat{f}}_j^{rs}\≥0$

$x_a=\underset{rs}{\Σ}\underset{i}{\Σ}{f}_i^{rs}{\mathrm{\δ}}_{a,i}^{rs}$

${\hat{x}}_a=\underset{rs}{\Σ}\underset{j}{\Σ}{\hat{f}}_j^{rs}{\mathrm{\δ}}_{a,j}^{rs}$

Wherein,For OD to number of always going on a journey between r s；q_rsFor the OD people to taking advantage of car trip between r s Number；For the OD number to the trip that rides in a bus between r s；θ is model parameter, takes 1 in this example；x_aFor road The flow of the people of the section superior car trip of a, people/h；For the flow of the people of the trip that rides in a bus on a of section, people/h； c_a(x_a,p_a) it is the broad sense Impedance Function of car on a of section；For the broad sense roadlock of bus on a of section Function；Represent path/section incidence relation, if section a is connecting on the OD the i-th paths to r s, ThenOtherwiseFor connecting the OD flow of the people to the i-th superior car trip of paths of r s, People/h；For connecting the flow of the people of the trip that rides in a bus on the OD the i-th paths to r s, people/h；γ₁, γ₂For Model parameter, there is shown the uncertainty that roadlock is estimated by passerby, the biggest expression of value is estimated the most accurate, in this example All take 1.

(4.3) emulation of Macro-traffic Flow is carried out as follows:

(4.3.1) calculation times is set, n=1.

(4.3.2) according to the OD battle array of input, the traffic under every kind of mode of transportation is determined by Traffic mode split model Demand.Hypothesis made herein is that traveler uses same mode of transportation, midway not to have from initial point to terminal always The conversion of mode of transportation.Described Traffic mode split model uses the disaggregation theory in units of individual, including But it is not limited to Logit model, Probit model.This example uses Logit model.

(4.3.3) mode of transportation k concrete to each, according to its average passenger occupancy m, by transport need number Matrix Q_kBe converted to transport need vehicle number matrix q_k.Conversion regime is q_k=Q_k/m。

(4.3.4) to each concrete mode of transportation k and transport need q_k, carry out by Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model Traffic assignation, obtains link flow matrix x_k,n.The principle of distribution is: broad sense roadlock is the unique of decision Path selection Factor；Broad sense roadlock is affected by traffic flow and control device；It is independent of each other between different modes of transportation.Described Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model can simulate the uncertainty that roadlock is estimated by passerby, includes but not limited to polynary Logit Model, polynary Probit model, Burrell model.In this example, use polynary Logit model.

(4.3.5) judge that calculation times n, whether more than 3, if n > 3, performs step (4.3.6)；Otherwise by n Add 1, according to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, the link flow in step (4.3.4) is brought into, update wide Justice roadlock, performs step (4.3.2), starts new assignment of traffic once.

(4.3.6) enter this step explanation calculation times and meet the requirement judging that road network balances.Each is had Mode of transportation k of body, by formulaCalculate its n-th, 2 assignment of traffic of n 1, n knot The meansigma methods of fruitAnd with the n-th 1, the meansigma methods of 3 assignment of traffic results of n 2, nRelatively.If the difference of the two is beyond the accuracy rating preset, road is described Net is not reaching to balance, needs to add 1 by n, according to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, by step (4.3.4) In link flow bring into, update broad sense roadlock, perform step (4.3.2), start new assignment of traffic the most once.As Really the difference of the two is in the range of default error precision, then judge that road network has reached balance, terminates to calculate.

(4.3.6) the traffic matrix x of each concrete mode of transportation k is exported_k,n, road network overall travel time, road network In the discharge capacity of dissimilar pollutant.

Step (5). traffic control effect assessment

(5.1) result of Macro-traffic Flow emulation in (4.1) is controlled with the expection of traffic administration person in (1.2) Effect compares.Index at least two relatively, a reflection road network overall operation efficiency, a reflection road Net urban publiclife.This example uses the total of motor vehicles in traveler overall travel time in road network and road network Discharge.

(5.2) for the comparative result in (5.1), step (6) is then performed without reaching target；As Fruit reaches, and performs step (7).

Step (6). traffic control scheme optimization

(6.1) in the control program described in, including at least two kinds of management and control measures.To each management and control measure, use One group of control variable is expressed, with the change of the change reflection traffic control scheme of the concrete numerical value of variable.According to controlling change The feature of amount, can be divided into discrete and continuous two types by traffic control scheme.Discrete type traffic control scheme Control variable 01 variablees can be used to represent, such as section with turn to forbidden, passing through is 1, and obstructed is 0；Continuously The control variable of type traffic control scheme is consecutive variations in the range of setting, and as road toll, can make Represent with section toll rate p, wherein p_max>=p >=p_min.For signal timing dial, it is possible to use section exit ramp Split λ represents, wherein λ_max>=λ >=λ_min.In this example, split scope [0.05,0.95], discharge charge are taken Span is [0,0.5] unit/kg,

(6.2) use an one-dimension array to store all of controlled variable, as a traffic control scheme, use Traffic control scheme is optimized and obtains new traffic control scheme by optimized algorithm.Described optimized algorithm include but not It is limited to genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm, simulated annealing.

(6.3) new control program is brought broad sense Impedance Function into, update roadlock, perform step (4), carry out new Macro-traffic Flow emulation once.

The issue of step (7) control program and enforcement

(7.1) issue new traffic control scheme by car-mounted terminal, make traveler in advance to trip mode and path Make planning.In this example, the traffic control scheme that final optimization pass obtains is shown in Table 5:

Table 5 traffic control scheme table

p1	p2	p3	p4	p5	p6	p7	p8	p9	p10	p11
											0.01	0.34	0.44	0.13	0.47	0.18	0	0.41	0	0	0.41
p12	p13	p14	p15	p16	p17	λ1	λ2	λ3	λ4
											0.31	0.28	0.12	0	0.09	0.45	0.41	0.59	0.35	0.65

Examples detailed above is not the restriction for the present invention, and the present invention is not limited only to above-described embodiment, as long as meeting Application claims, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. the multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit, it is characterised in that the method Comprise the following steps:

(1) traffic administration person determines that the scope of control area, Traffic Evaluation index and expection control effect.Described friendship Logical evaluation index can reflect road network overall operation situation, and takes into account road network operational efficiency and environmental benefit.

(2) road, vehicle, environment, traffic control scheme information in control area is obtained.

(3) Macro-traffic Flow emulation input data prediction.

(3.1) to the control area delimited in step (1), section therein sum and node total number are added up, and Number in order to each section and node.

(3.2) type of vehicle needing to control under every kind of mode of transportation is determined, obtained in step (2) Information of vehicle flowrate, the anti-transport need pushed away in control area, transport need is with number as ultimate unit.

(3.3) according to the road information obtained in step (2) and information of vehicle flowrate, in derivation control area every Section traffic capacity C under different modes of transportation.

(3.4) according to road information, it is thus achieved that the free stream velocity v in section.According to free stream velocity v and step (2) Road section length L of middle acquisition estimates every the section free stream time t under different modes of transportation₀=L/v.

(3.5) according to road section capacity C and freely time t is flowed₀Design section under different modes of transportation k time Between roadlock t.Wherein t is the function of mode of transportation k vehicle flowrate x on a of section, and function meets following condition: Monotonic increase and continuously differentiable；When flow is minimum, roadlock is close to zero flow impedance；Allow the existence of supersaturation flow.

(3.6) determine traffic control measure to be optimized and the concrete section of enforcement thereof or crossing, record current Control program.

(3.7) the traffic control measure to be optimized impact on time Impedance Function is determined, and by it with control variable Form is added in the mathematical expression of time Impedance Function, obtains broad sense Impedance Function c.

(3.8) according to pollutants in air concentration information measured in step (2), pollution to be controlled is determined Species type.

(3.9) to step (3.8) needs the pollutant that are controlled, according to step (2) obtains each The average discharge of these pollutant in the car unit interval, estimates under different mode of transportation these pollutant in control area In the range of average emission factors.

(4) Macro-traffic Flow emulation, specifically includes following sub-step:

(4.1) calculation times is set, n=1.

(4.2) according to the OD battle array of input, determine that the traffic under every kind of mode of transportation needs by Traffic mode split model Ask.Hypothesis made herein is that traveler uses same mode of transportation, midway not to hand over from initial point to terminal always The conversion of logical mode.Described Traffic mode split model uses the disaggregation theory in units of individual.

(4.3) mode of transportation k concrete to each, according to its average passenger occupancy m, by transport need number square Battle array Q_kBe converted to transport need vehicle number matrix q_k.Conversion regime is q_k=Q_k/m。

(4.4) to each concrete mode of transportation k and transport need q_k, hand over by Stochastic User Equilibrium Assignment Model The reduction of fractions to a common denominator is joined, and obtains link flow matrix x_k,n.Distribution principle be: broad sense roadlock be determine Path selection unique because of Element；Broad sense roadlock is affected by traffic flow and traffic control measure；It is independent of each other between different modes of transportation.

(4.5) judge that calculation times n, whether more than 3, if n > 3, performs step (4.6)；Otherwise n is added 1, According to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, the link flow matrix in step (4.4) is brought into, update broad sense road Resistance, performs step (4.2), starts new assignment of traffic once.

(4.6) mode of transportation k concrete to each, by formulaCalculate its The meansigma methods of 2 assignment of traffic results of n, n 1, nAnd with the n-th 1, the meansigma methods of 3 assignment of traffic results of n 2, nRelatively.If the difference of the two is beyond the accuracy rating preset, road is described Net is not reaching to balance, needs to add 1 by n, according to the computing formula of broad sense Impedance Function, by step (4.4) Link flow matrix bring into, update broad sense roadlock, perform step (4.2), start new assignment of traffic the most once. If the difference of the two is in default accuracy rating, then judges that road network has reached balance, terminate to calculate.

(4.7) the traffic matrix x of each mode of transportation k is exported_k,n, road network overall travel time, different in road network The discharge capacity of type of contaminant.

(5) traffic control effect assessment

The result emulated by Macro-traffic Flow controls effect with the expection of traffic administration person in step (1) and compares. Index at least two relatively, a reflection road network overall operation efficiency, a reflection road network urban publiclife. If comparative result is not reaching to target, perform step (6)；If reached, perform step (7).

(6) traffic control scheme optimization

(6.1) in the control program described in, including at least two kinds of traffic control measures.Each traffic control is arranged Execute, use one group of control variable to express, with the change of the change reflection traffic control scheme of the concrete numerical value of control variable.

(6.2) use an one-dimension array to store all of control variable, as a traffic control scheme, use Traffic control scheme is optimized and obtains new traffic control scheme by optimized algorithm.

(6.3) new traffic control scheme is brought broad sense Impedance Function into, update roadlock, perform step (4), enter The new Macro-traffic Flow emulation once of row.

(7) issue new traffic control scheme by car-mounted terminal, make traveler in advance trip mode and path be done Go out planning.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in described step 1, the feature of described control area is: be in city scope, zone boundary Clearly, intra-zone section is complete, including at least a signalized crossing, higher to air quality requirements and Pedestrian comes in and goes out frequently.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in described step 1, described road network operational efficiency all traveler overall travel times or total broad sense Trip spends and represents；Environmental benefit motor vehicle emission amount, pollutants in air concentration, air quality refers to Number represents.Intended control effect can be that the actual value of each index reaches expected value, it is also possible to is each index Actual change reach desired change.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, described step 2 is specific as follows:

(2.1) serviced by commercial network map search, it is thus achieved that road network information in control area.Several including road What shape, number of track-lines, the syntopy between road section length L, and section.

(2.2) vehicle GPS in being networked by car, trackside license plate recognition device, obtain different on every section a friendship The vehicle flowrate x of logical mode k.

(2.3) vehicle-mounted discharge detection device in being networked by car, it is thus achieved that every kind of pollutant in each car unit interval Average discharge.

(2.4) control area internal contamination substrate concentration information is obtained by air quality monitoring stations point.

(2.5) Nei Ge section, control area and the traffic control scheme of crossing are obtained by traffic control system.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in described step 6, according to the feature of control variable, traffic control scheme be divided into discrete and connect Continuous two types.The control variable of discrete type traffic control scheme uses 01 variablees to represent；Type traffic continuously The control variable of management and control scheme is consecutive variations in the range of setting.

A kind of multiple traffic control measure combined optimization method considering environmental benefit the most according to claim 1, It is characterized in that, in described step 6.2, described optimized algorithm is genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm or simulated annealing Algorithm.

7. considering a multiple traffic control measure combined optimization system for environmental benefit, in system, all vehicles all connect Enter network, Che Yuche, Che Yulu, car and traffic control system, it is possible to achieve data and the transmission of information.It is special Levying and be, system includes that span of control delimited and Expected Results setting module, data acquisition module, and emulation data are pre- Processing module, Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, traffic control effect assessment module, design approach module, control Scheme processed is issued and implements module.

It is according to controlling requirement by traffic administration person that span of control delimit the function with Expected Results setting module, input Need to carry out the region of management and control stimulation optimization in city scope, and determine Traffic Evaluation index and the expection control in this region Effect processed.

The function of data acquisition module is to realize road, vehicle, environment, the collection of traffic control scheme and storage, And be connected with Macro-traffic Flow emulation module, it is achieved the transmission of data and sharing.

The function of emulation data preprocessing module is the data that data acquisition module transmits to be processed, and changes into energy The input parameter directly used by Macro-traffic Flow emulation module.

The function of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module is to receive the data that emulation data preprocessing module provides, and hands over reality Through-flow simulation, reproduces actual traffic network operation situation, and exports transportation network operation information to traffic control Effect assessment module.

The function of traffic control effect assessment module is that the transportation network receiving the output of Macro-traffic Flow emulation module is run Information, compares with the target of traffic administration person, it is judged that whether current road network ruuning situation reaches expection mesh Mark.If reaching target, then current feedback control scheme is exported and issue to control program and implement module；If It is not reaching to target, then current feedback control scheme is exported and be optimized to design approach module.

The function of design approach module is that the expection that is not reaching to receiving the output of traffic control effect assessment module is controlled The control program of target processed, is optimized the program, and the new departure after optimizing exports and imitates to Macro-traffic Flow True module, emulates again.

Control program issue with implement module function be receive traffic control effect assessment module send meet expection Control the control program of target, by control program external disclosure, and be applied in actual traffic control.