CN105892048A - Large-view-field imaging device based on prism-fiber coupling - Google Patents
Large-view-field imaging device based on prism-fiber coupling Download PDFInfo
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- CN105892048A CN105892048A CN201610283650.0A CN201610283650A CN105892048A CN 105892048 A CN105892048 A CN 105892048A CN 201610283650 A CN201610283650 A CN 201610283650A CN 105892048 A CN105892048 A CN 105892048A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
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Abstract
The invention proposes a large-view-field imaging device based on prism-fiber coupling, and is used for solving a technical problem that a conventional fiber coupling imaging device is limited in view field angle and high in cost. The device comprises a concentric ball lens, a refraction apparatus, a coherent fiber bundle, a detector array, and an image processing module. The concentric ball lens is formed by four ball lens layers. The refraction apparatus is located on a Petzval image plane of the concentric ball lens, and employs a spherical surface structure formed by a concentric curved surface lens and a plurality of micro-prisms. The concentric curved surface lens is located at the center of a spherical surface, and the plurality of micro-prisms take the concentric curved surface lens as the center and are densely arranged in the radial direction of the spherical surface to form a multi-layer circular ring. The coherent fiber bundle employs a conical structure. The refraction apparatus, the coherent fiber bundle and the detector array are sequentially arranged at one side of an imaging main axis of the concentric ball lens in a concentric manner, and the detectors are electrically connected with the image processing module. The device can be used for space monitoring, detection alarm, aerial photography, and urban security monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical image technology field, relate to a kind of big view field imaging device, be specifically related to a kind of base
In the big view field imaging device of prism-optical fiber coupling, can be used for space monitoring, detection alarm, in the air take photo by plane and
The fields such as urban safety monitoring.
Background technology
The angle of visual field and resolution ratio are the vital performance indications of optical imaging system, but the angle of visual field and resolution ratio it
Between be the relation of mutually restriction.Short burnt imaging system has big view field imaging ability, and focal length imaging system can be clapped
Take the photograph full resolution pricture, but traditional camera cannot take into account big visual field and high-resolution imaging requirements simultaneously.For solving
This problem, existing large visual field high resolution imaging system mainly has small field of view scanning imaging system, flake saturating
Mirror imaging system, annulus stare omnidirectional imaging system, catadioptric big view field imaging system and polyphaser array image-forming
System.Above-mentioned several image-forming mechanisms have its respective defect place: small field of view high resolution scanning imaging needs
Wanting complicated optical mechaical scanning structure, system real time is poor；The distortion of fish-eye lens image planes edge is relatively big, information
Loss is serious；Annulus gaze imaging system is relatively big by stray light and there is center blind zone；The big visual field of catadioptric
The mechanical-optical setup of imaging system is complicated, and system is numerous and jumbled.
Along with being calculated as the development of picture, novel large visual field high resolution imaging technique is increasingly mature, its formation method
It is broadly divided into three classes: combine the homocentric globe lens formation method of sphere detector；Homocentric in conjunction with micro-camera array
Globe lens formation method；Homocentric globe lens formation method based on cylinder optical fiber image transmission beam.
Wherein, in conjunction with the homocentric globe lens formation method of sphere detector with homocentric globe lens as primary mirror, it is thus achieved that and
Hereby ten thousand image planes that homocentric globe lens is homocentric, the most directly use sphere detector mate homocentric globe lens hereby
Ten thousand image planes, the image collecting sphere detector processes.Compared to other curved surface or planar detector,
Sphere detector can effectively reduce the error in image procossing.But the manufacturing process of sphere detector array is non-
The most complicated, yield rate is relatively low, relatively costly.
Homocentric globe lens formation method in conjunction with micro-camera array uses the mode of secondary imaging, first with homocentric ball
Lens are primary mirror, utilize its rotationally symmetrical characteristic to obtain the image that each visual field resolution ratio is consistent, image planes
Place realizes big view field imaging, then utilizes multiple identical microfacies machine to arrange radially around primary mirror, microfacies machine
Array corrects the aberration of all positions in visual field further, the most micro-camera array by the sphere of sub-visual field once as
Face is converted to Planar Quadratic image planes, and makes to exist between adjacent sub-visual field overlap, spells finally by planar detector
Connect and realize big view field imaging, reduce the cost of detector.But the method microfacies machine array volume is excessive, and
Control and process quality of hardware heaviness, whole system poor feasibility.
Homocentric globe lens formation method based on cylinder optical fiber image transmission beam, uses cylinder optical fiber image transmission beam bulbus cordis together
The structure design that lens combine, first with the picture that the rotationally symmetrical characteristic correction field of homocentric globe lens is relevant
Difference, obtains the image of consistent resolution ratio at hereby ten thousand image planes, secondly by the plane of incidence of cylinder optical fiber image transmission beam with
Hereby ten thousand image planes match, and exit end matches with planar detector, it is achieved curved surface focal plane imaging.This side
Method is possible not only to obtain big visual field full resolution pricture, and can reduce system bulk, reduce mass of system, makes
System has portability.But this imaging system is limited to the total reflection condition of optical fiber image transmission beam, system imaging regards
Rink corner is limited, and needs multi-slice detector splicing to realize big view field imaging, relatively costly.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the defect overcoming above-mentioned prior art to exist, it is proposed that a kind of based on prism-light
The big view field imaging device of fine coupling, is used for solving the angle of visual field present in existing fiber coupling imaging device limited
The technical problem of high cost is caused greatly with detector array.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, including: homocentric globe lens 1, it is used for gathering
Optical signal, forms image planes；Optical fiber image transmission beam 3, for being converted to plane image planes by the image planes formed
And export；Detector array 4, is converted to the signal of telecommunication for receiving plane image planes；Image processing module 5,
For the signal of telecommunication received is rebuild；Optical fiber image transmission beam 3 and detector array 4 are successively set on homocentric
The one-tenth image side of globe lens 1, and optical fiber image transmission beam 3 central axis and detector array 4 be centrally located at homocentric ball
On the primary optical axis of lens 1, detector array 4 is electrical connected with image processing module 5；At homocentric globe lens 1
And it is provided with refracting means 2 in hereby ten thousand image planes that formed of homocentric globe lens 1 between optical fiber image transmission beam 3, should
Refracting means 2 uses and includes being arranged, by concentric toroidal lens 21 and multiple microprism 22, the spherical structure formed,
This spherical structure curvature direction is consistent with hereby ten thousand image surface curvature directions, refracting means 2 exit end and fibre optic image transmission
The incidence end of bundle 3 is connected；Optical fiber image transmission beam 3 uses pyramidal structure, and its incidence end face size is more than exit end
Size.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, homocentric globe lens 1 uses by four layers of ball saturating
The homocentric structure of mirror composition.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, four layers of globe lens, by two outer layer lens
With two inner-layer lenses compositions, two of which inner-layer lenses uses low-index material, and two outer layer lens are all adopted
With the material of high index of refraction.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, concentric toroidal lens 21 is centrally located at altogether
On the primary optical axis of bulbus cordis lens 1.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on the coupling of prism-optical fiber, concentric toroidal lens 21 exit facet and homocentric
Hereby ten thousand image surface curvatures of globe lens 1 are consistent.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, concentric toroidal lens 21 in spherical structure
In the midpoint of sphere, multiple microprisms 22, centered by concentric toroidal lens 21, are globally the most closely arranged
Becoming multilayer annulus, microprism 22 input face in every layer of annulus is identical with the angle that emission surface is formed.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, microprism in different annular in multilayer annulus
The angle that the input face of 22 is formed with emission surface, determines according to homocentric globe lens 1 angle of visual field size.
Above-mentioned big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, in spherical structure, multiple microprism 22 releases
Put face all with optical fiber image transmission beam 3 centerline axis parallel.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that
1) due to the fact that and be provided with refracting means on the primary optical axis between homocentric globe lens and optical fiber image transmission beam,
For adjusting the focus direction of incident beam, the light making peripheral field originally can not be coupled into optical fiber meets and is all-trans
Penetrate condition, compared with prior art, enhance light energy coupling efficiency, widened the angle of visual field.
2) due to the fact that refracting means uses to include being arranged by concentric toroidal lens and multiple microprism to be formed
Spherical structure, concentric toroidal lens is centrally located on the primary optical axis of homocentric globe lens and exit facet and hereby ten thousand picture
Face curvature is consistent, it is achieved that full filed equivalent optical path, compared with prior art, reduces wave aberration, it is ensured that big
Image quality under visual field.
3) due to the fact that optical fiber image transmission beam uses pyramidal structure, its incidence end face size is more than exit end chi
Very little, and incidence end is connected with refracting means exit end, it is achieved that hereby ten thousand image planes formed by homocentric globe lens turn
It is changed to plane, and achieves image demagnification, reduce detector array size, the cylinder used with prior art
Shape structure is compared, and reduces cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the refracting means structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is multiple microprism analogous diagram under difference visual field of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that under difference visual field of the present invention, detector receives energy diagram；
Fig. 5 is that under prior art difference visual field, detector receives energy diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1, be the system architecture schematic diagram of the present invention, including homocentric globe lens 1, refracting means 2,
Optical fiber image transmission beam 3, detector array 4 and image processing module 5；Refracting means 2, optical fiber image transmission beam 3 and
Detector array 4 is successively set on the one-tenth image side of homocentric globe lens 1, and refracting means 2 and optical fiber image transmission beam 3
Central axis and detector array 4 are centrally located on the primary optical axis of homocentric globe lens 1, detector array 4
It is electrical connected with image processing module 5；
Homocentric globe lens 1 uses the homocentric structure being made up of four layers of globe lens, for receiving the light energy spoke of scene
Penetrate；The rotational symmetry structure design of homocentric globe lens 1 can realize 180 ° of interior big view field imagings, all
Lens curved surface shares a center, and image planes are also the spheres homocentric with the centre of sphere.Homocentric globe lens does not has strict difinition
Optical axis, aberration is unrelated with the angle of visual field.Recoverable off-axis aberration, such as: coma, astigmatism and axial chromatic aberration iseikonia
Difference；Four layers of globe lens, are made up of two outer layer lens and two inner-layer lenses, and two of which inner-layer lenses uses
H-ZK10L material in light glass storehouse, Chengdu, refractive index is low, and two outer layer lens use H-LAF4 material,
Refractive index is high, and this design can reach achromatism effect, effective school at imaging aberration maximum diameter of hole 0.707
Positive F light and the aberration of C light；Homocentric globe lens 1 is effectively improved imaging resolution.Incident ray is at refraction dress
Putting image planes of formation at 2, homocentric globe lens 1 image quality is good.
Refracting means 2 uses and includes being arranged the sphere knot formed by concentric toroidal lens 21 and multiple microprism 22
Structure, this spherical structure is positioned in hereby ten thousand image planes of homocentric globe lens 1, spheric curvature direction and hereby ten thousand image planes
Curvature direction is consistent, and bulbus cordis lens 1 are homocentric together；Utilize the refractive index of optical fiber image transmission beam 3 sandwich layer and covering,
Calculated the central vision of conical fiber panel by total reflection condition, in central vision, light is in a fiber
Transmission meets total reflection condition, it is not necessary to increases microprism array and adjusts the focus direction of light.For keeping entirely regarding
Field equivalent optical path, at the conical fiber panel concentric toroidal lens of input compression molding 21.In visual field, middle part and
In peripheral field, according to refraction by prism principle and optical fiber total reflection condition, calculate multiple microprism 22 and input
The angle of inclination in face, utilizes microprism 22 to change the focus direction of light path, makes peripheral field light meet and is all-trans
The condition of penetrating is coupled into optical fiber, thus increases the available field of view angle of conic optic fiber beam；Toroidal lens 21 is with many with one heart
Individual microprism 22 uses Other substrate materials SU-8 in optical fiber image transmission beam 3 input compression molding, forms input
Face and two surfaces of emission surface, thickness is in micron dimension.
Optical fiber image transmission beam 3, uses pyramidal structure, and its incidence end face size is more than exit end size.Input
Matching with hereby ten thousand image planes, the hereby light beam coupling of ten thousand image planes outgoing is entered optical fiber and is transmitted, output leads to
Cross optical coupled dose to connect with planar detector arrays, curved surface image planes are converted to plane image planes.Optical fiber image transmission beam
Outgoing beam bore, than for 2:1, is reduced into two points of incident beam bore by the input of 3 and output diameter
One of, downscaled images size thus avoid multi-slice detector splicing use, reduce detector array size, reduce
Cost.
Detector array 4 uses CCD or CMOS, the center of this detector array 4 bulbus cordis lens 1 together
Light path is vertical, and the center of detector array 4 is on the central optical path of homocentric globe lens 1；Detector array 4
Receive the optical signal after correction, be real-time transmitted to image processing module 5.
Partial statistics Enhancement Method is combined by image processing module 5 with subtracting background method, correction chart image brightness
Inhomogeneities, improves resolution ratio.In partial statistics Enhancement Method, first one appropriately sized local of definition
Mobile sub-block, calculates and gathers image overall and the mean value of local gray level and variance, the bright dark areas of resolution image
And determine the candidate point needing to strengthen.The point meeting local enhancement condition is simply multiplied by one fixing normal
Number so that it is brightness increases, and remaining point is carried out gray scale stretching in the sub-block centered by each pixel
Computing, obtains brightness and strengthens image.In subtracting background method, use neighborhood operation method and bilinear interpolation side
Method obtains the background estimating image identical with original image size.Finally strengthen image subtracting background with brightness to estimate
Image, improves the visual interpretation ability of image.
With reference to Fig. 2, it it is the refracting means structural representation of the present invention.Refracting means is in this spherical structure, same
Heart toroidal lens 21 is positioned at the midpoint of sphere and is centrally located on the primary optical axis of homocentric globe lens 1, front and rear surfaces
Hereby ten thousand image surface curvatures of bulbus cordis lens 1 are consistent the most together.Multiple microprisms 22 are with concentric toroidal lens 21
Centered by, be globally radially closely arranged into multilayer annulus, microprism 22 input face in every layer of annulus with release
The angle that face of putting is formed is identical, and in multilayer annulus, in different annular, the input face of microprism 22 is formed with emission surface
Angle according to homocentric globe lens 1 angle of visual field be nonlinear change.Middle part visual field microprism input face and shaft axis of optic fibre
Angular range be 90 °-180 °, peripheral field microprism input face with the angular range of shaft axis of optic fibre is
0°-90°；The emission surface of multiple microprisms 22 all with optical fiber image transmission beam 3 centerline axis parallel.
Below in conjunction with emulation experiment, the technique effect of the present invention is described further.
1, simulated conditions
On the basis of calculating initial configuration by P-W method, use ZEMAX optical design software, for not
The same corresponding multiple microprism parameters of angle of visual field design optimization, optimize whole system, analog imaging effect.
2, emulation content
Under ZEMAX non-sequence pattern, to multiple microprisms, different visual field test under difference visual field of the present invention
Survey the energy that under the energy visual field different with prior art that device receives, detector receives to emulate respectively, its emulation
Result is as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
With reference to Fig. 3, it is multiple microprism analogous diagram under difference visual field of the present invention: Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b) and figure
3 (c) represents the optic fibre input end local analogous diagram of central vision, visual field, visual field, middle part and peripheral field, light respectively
After line incides input face, reflected by microprism, be transmitted according to total reflection condition in fibre bundle.Sequence
During the structural parameters of homocentric main lens import non-sequence pattern in row pattern, suitable fibre bundle parameter is set, choosing
Taking fibre bundle core refractive rate is 1.81, and the refractive index of covering is 1.48.It is respectively completed for the different angles of visual field
Optimization to concentric toroidal lens and microprism array designs.In Fig. 3 (a) light after concentric toroidal lens
Fibre bundle is transmitted according to total reflection condition；Fig. 3 (b) middle part visual field microprism input face and shaft axis of optic fibre
Angular range be 90 °-180 °, in Fig. 3 (c), the angle of peripheral field microprism input face and shaft axis of optic fibre is full
0 °-90 ° of foot.
With reference to Fig. 4, it is that under difference visual field of the present invention, detector receives energy diagram: analyze beam pattern visible,
In central vision, the light spot shape sub-circular that detector receives is symmetrical；In visual field, middle part, detection
The light spot shape that device receives is laterally zygomorphic sector, in peripheral field, and the light spot shape that detector receives
Sub-circular is symmetrical；Still visible substantially hot spot during angle of half field-of view 74 °.
With reference to Fig. 5, it is that under prior art difference visual field, detector receives energy diagram.Analysis beam pattern is visible,
In central vision, the light spot shape sub-circular that detector receives is symmetrical, in peripheral field, and hot spot
Image is the most invisible；During angle of half field-of view 36 °, the light energy that detector receives the most significantly weakens, comparison diagram 4,
The light energy coupling efficiency of the imaging system of microprism correction is substantially better than the light energy without prism system and couples effect
Rate.
From Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, after refracting means corrects, the light energy that detector receives substantially carries
Height, angle of half field-of view size is brought up to 74 ° by 36 °.Multiple microprisms are effectively increased visual field, middle part and edge
The energy coupling efficiency of visual field.The big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling of the present invention can be having
The effect angle of visual field increases to about 120 ° from 70 °.To sum up, the present invention has excellent optical imagery performance.
The content not described in detail in description of the invention belongs to the known technology of those skilled in the art.Based on this
The correction of bright thought and change are still within the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling, including:
Homocentric globe lens (1), is used for gathering optical signal, forms image planes；
Optical fiber image transmission beam (3), for being converted to plane image planes by the image planes formed and export；
Detector array (4), is converted to the signal of telecommunication for receiving plane image planes；
Image processing module (5), for rebuilding the signal of telecommunication received；
Described optical fiber image transmission beam (3) is successively set on becoming of homocentric globe lens (1) with detector array (4)
Image side, and optical fiber image transmission beam (3) central axis and detector array (4) be centrally located at homocentric globe lens (1)
Primary optical axis on, detector array (4) is electrical connected with image processing module (5)；
It is characterized in that: the homocentric globe lens between described homocentric globe lens (1) and optical fiber image transmission beam (3)
(1) be provided with refracting means (2) in hereby ten thousand image planes formed, this refracting means (2) use include by with
The spherical structure that heart toroidal lens (21) and multiple microprism (22) arrangement are formed, this spherical structure curvature side
To with described hereby ten thousand image surface curvature directions consistent, described refracting means (2) exit end and optical fiber image transmission beam (3)
Incidence end be connected；Described optical fiber image transmission beam (3) uses pyramidal structure, and its incidence end face size is more than
Penetrate end size.
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: described homocentric globe lens (1) uses the homocentric structure being made up of four layers of globe lens.
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 2, its feature exists
In: described four layers of globe lens, it is made up of two outer layer lens and two inner-layer lenses, two of which inner-layer lenses
Using low-index material, two outer layer lens all use the material of high index of refraction.
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: described concentric toroidal lens (21) is centrally located on the primary optical axis of homocentric globe lens (1).
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
Consistent in hereby ten thousand image surface curvatures of: described concentric toroidal lens (21) exit facet and homocentric globe lens (1).
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In: described spherical structure, wherein toroidal lens (21) is positioned at the midpoint of sphere, multiple microprisms (22) with one heart
Centered by concentric toroidal lens (21), globally radially closely it is arranged into multilayer annulus, in every layer of annulus
Microprism (22) input face is identical with the angle that emission surface is formed.
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 6, its feature exists
In: described multilayer annulus, the angle that in different annular, the input face of microprism (22) is formed with emission surface, root
Determine according to homocentric globe lens (1) angle of visual field size.
Big view field imaging device based on prism-optical fiber coupling the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In described spherical structure, the emission surface of plurality of microprism (22) all with optical fiber image transmission beam (3) center
Axis is parallel.
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