CN105888742A - 一种高效液空储能/释能*** - Google Patents
一种高效液空储能/释能*** Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105888742A CN105888742A CN201610394674.3A CN201610394674A CN105888742A CN 105888742 A CN105888742 A CN 105888742A CN 201610394674 A CN201610394674 A CN 201610394674A CN 105888742 A CN105888742 A CN 105888742A
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- air
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- temperature water
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
- F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
- F25J1/0251—Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
- F04D25/045—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven the pump wheel carrying the fluid driving means, e.g. turbine blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
- F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0294—Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
- F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
- F25J1/0297—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink using an externally chilled fluid, e.g. chilled water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/02—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams using a pump in general or hydrostatic pressure increase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
- F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
- F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种高效液空储能/释能***,包括:空气液化单元、液空发电单元、蓄热单元和蓄冷单元;储能时,多余电能驱动空气压缩机组产生的高压空气经透平膨胀机组膨胀制冷后,一部分高压空气被液化后送入液空储罐;释能时,液空经高压液空泵加压后依次被蒸发器和加热器加热至高温空气,高温、高压空气再进入空气膨胀发电机组输出电能;同时采用循环水蓄热生产高温水和低温水,并采用低凝固点、高沸点的液体冷剂蓄冷,降低液化单元的能耗并提高发电单元的输出电量,从而提高储能/释能***的总转化效率。本发明的有益效果是:提高储能/释能***的转化效率,实现可再生能源发电的大规模并网,还可提高电网(特别是微网或孤岛电网)的调峰能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可再生能源并网和电网调峰的储能技术领域,特别是一种高效液空储能/释能***。
背景技术
随着可再生能源(风能、光热)发电的大规模普及,由于其随机性、间歇性等特点,接入电网将带来电压波动、频率波动等电能质量问题,甚至可能影响电网的安全稳定运行。而大规模电力储能技术可在电力***中增加能源存储环节,使得实时平衡的“刚性”电力***变得更加“柔性”,从而提高电网运行的安全性、经济性和灵活性,是解决风能、光热、潮汐能等可再生能源发电不稳定的关键技术。此外,大规模电力储能技术还可以有效解决电力生产与使用中峰谷差的矛盾,可提高电网(特别是微网或孤岛电网)的调峰能力。
现有的电力储能技术主要分三大类:化学储能类,包括铅酸电池、液流电池、钠硫电池和锂电池等;电磁储能类,包括超级电容器储能和超导磁储能;物理储能类,包括抽水储能、飞轮储能、压缩空气储能和液空储能。其中,飞轮储能、超级电容器储能和超导磁储能等功率型储能技术储能容量小、储能时间短,铅酸电池和锂电池造价高、安全性差且电池寿命短,钠硫电池造价高、安全性差且需要额外加热维持300℃以上的工作温度,液流电池能量密度低、材料受限且成本昂贵,都无法满足大规模电力储存的需求;抽水储能具有技术成熟、效率较高(70%~80%)、储能容量大、寿命长等优点,但需要特殊的地理条件、建设周期很长、初期投资巨大,因此建造抽水储能***受到了越来越大的限制;压缩空气储能具有效率较高(50%~70%)、储能容量较大、寿命长等优点,但需要大型洞穴储气、储能密度低且需要依赖化石燃料,限制了该技术的大规模推广;液空储能作为一种大容量储能技术,采用液空作为储能介质,大大提高了能量密度,具有技术成熟、成本低、储能容量大、转化效率较高、无地理条件限制、寿命长及环境污染小等优点,具备大规模储能技术推广应用的潜力。
常规液空储能/释能***中空气液化能耗较高、液空发电效率较低,导致***总转化效率仅40%~50%(详见《工程热物理学报》第31卷第12期“新型液化空气储能技术及其在风电领域的应用”),很难与抽水储能、压缩空气储能等大规模储能技术竞争。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开一种高效液空储能/释能***,通过集成优化***中的空气液化单元、液空发电单元、蓄热单元和蓄冷单元,大幅度提高***总转化效率,实现可再生能源发电的大规模并网,还可提高电网的调峰能力。
为达到以上目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种高效液空储能/释能***,包括:空气液化单元、液空发电单元、蓄热单元和蓄冷单元;
所述空气液化单元包括原料空气压缩机、原料空压机常温水冷却器A、原料空压机低温水冷却器A、空气纯化器、循环空气增压机、空气增压机常温水冷却器B、空气增压机低温水冷却器B、热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端、冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端、冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端、空气液化换热器、发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端、高压液空膨胀机的发电端和液空储罐,原料空气压缩机的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A的进口连接,原料空压机常温水冷却器A的出口与原料空压机低温水冷却器A的进口相连,原料空压机低温水冷却器A的出口与空气纯化器的进口相连,空气纯化器的出口与空气液化换热器的通道II出口合并后一起与循环空气增压机的进口相连,循环空气增压机的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B的进口相连,空气增压机常温水冷却器B的出口与空气增压机低温水冷却器B的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B的出口分别与空气液化换热器的通道I进口、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端的进口和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端的出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端的出口合并后一起与空气液化热换器的通道III进口相连,空气液化热换器的通道I出口与热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端的出口与空气液化换热器的通道II上进口相连,空气液化热换器的通道III上出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端的进口相连,冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端的出口与空气液化换热器的通道II下进口相连,空气液化换热器的通道III下出口与发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端的进口相连,液空膨胀机的发电端与液空膨胀机的的膨胀端通过变速箱相连,液空膨胀机的膨胀端的出口与液空储罐的进口相连;
所述液空发电单元包括高压液空泵、液空蒸发器、高压空气加热器、高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端和高压空气膨胀机的发电端,高压液空泵的进口与液空储罐的出口相连,高压液空泵的出口与液空蒸发器的进口相连,液空蒸发器的出口与高压空气加热器进口相连,高压空气加热器的出口与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端的进口相连,高压空气膨胀机的发电端与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端通过变速箱相连;
所述蓄热单元包括常温水罐、常温水泵、低温水罐、低温水泵、高温水罐、冷水机组和循环水冷却器,低温水罐与低温水泵的进口端相连,常温水泵的进口与冷水机组的蒸发器进口一起连接在常温水罐上,常温水泵的出口分别与原料空压机常温水冷却器A的进口和空气增压机常温水冷却器B的进口相连,且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,同时原料空压机低温水冷却器A的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B的进口相连,冷水机组的蒸发器出口和低温水泵的进口一起连接在低温水罐上,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,低温水泵的出口分别与原料空压机低温水冷却器A的进口和空气增压机低温水冷却器B的进口相连,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,冷水机组的吸收器出口与循环水冷却器的进口相连,循环水冷却器的出口与常温水泵的进口相连,原料空压机常温水冷却器A的出口、空气增压机常温水冷却器B的出口、冷水机组的吸收器进口和高压空气加热器的进口均连接在高温水罐上;
所述蓄冷单元包括常温冷剂罐、循环冷剂泵和低温冷剂罐,低温冷剂罐的出口与空气液化热换器的通道IV进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,空气液化热换器的通道IV出口与常温冷剂罐的进口相连,常温冷剂罐的出口与循环冷剂泵的进口相连,循环冷剂泵的出口与液空蒸发器的进口相连,液空蒸发器的出口与低温冷剂罐的进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门。
优选地,所述的高压液空泵为罐内潜液泵或带真空保冷腔的潜液泵。
优选地,所述的液空蒸发器和高压空气加热器采用管壳式、板壳式或印刷电路板式换热器。
优选地,所述的冷水机组为溴化锂吸收式制冷机组或吸收式制冷与压缩式制冷的组合机。
优选地,所述的循环水冷却器为空冷型、水冷型或吸收式热泵的一种或多种组合。
本发明的高效液空储能/释能的流程如下:
储能区储能时,多余的电能驱动空气依次进入原料空气压缩机和循环空气增压机中,得到的压缩空气依次被常温水和低温水冷却后分成三股:一股高压冷却空气进入空气液化换热器的通道I,被冷流预冷后送入热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端膨胀制冷,膨胀后的空气返回空气液化换热器的通道II上部;其余两股高压冷却空气分别进入热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端中并联增压,被增压的空气进入空气液化换热器的通道III后分成两股:一股空气被冷流预冷后送入冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端膨胀制冷;另一股空气被冷却、液化后进入发电机制动的高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端继续膨胀制冷,产生的液化空气送入液空储罐中储存;
储能区储能时,常温水罐中的常温水经常温水泵加压后进入原料空压机常温水冷却器A和空气增压机低温水冷却器B中,吸收压缩机的压缩热生产高温水后送入高温水罐中进行蓄热,同时低温水罐中的低温水经低温水泵加压后进入原料空压机低温水冷却器A和空气增压机低温水冷却器B中,降低压缩空气的温度;
储能区储能时,低温冷剂罐中的低温冷剂送入空气液化换热器的通道IV中,被复热至常温后进入常温冷剂罐中储存;
释能区释能时,液空储罐中的液化空气经高压液空泵加压至高压后,依次被液空蒸发器和高压空气加热器加热至高温空气,高温、高压空气再进入高压空气膨胀机膨胀做功,驱动高压空气膨胀机的发电端输出电能;
释能区释能时,高温水罐中的高温水分成两股:一股送入高压空气加热器加热高压空气;另一股送入冷水机组中,制取低温水,储存于低温水罐中;
释能区释能时,常温冷剂罐中的常温冷剂经循环冷剂泵加压后,送入液空蒸发器中加热高压空气,同时被过冷后形成低温冷剂返回至低温冷剂罐中进行蓄冷。
优选地,所述的原料空气压缩机的排气压力在0.4~1.0MPa.G之间,压缩机级数为2~4级或段,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;循环空气增压机的排气压力在2.0~6.0MPa.G之间,压缩机级数为2~4级或段,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;高压空气膨胀机膨胀前的压力在8.0~25.0MPa.G之间、温度在100~500℃之间,膨胀机级数为1~4级,其各级入口均设置加热器。
优选地,所述的液空储罐的工作压力在0.01~1.0MPa.G之间,当工作压力大于0.05MPa.G时,储罐采用双层、珠光砂保冷的结构,內罐为球罐或柱罐;当工作压力小于0.05MPa.G时,储罐为单容罐、全容罐或地下罐。
优选地,所述的蓄热单元利用三罐式蓄热工艺,一次蓄热流体为软化水、脱盐水或乙二醇水溶液,常温水罐的工作温度在20~50℃之间,高温水罐的工作温度在100~300℃之间,低温水罐的工作温度在5~20℃之间。
优选地,所述的蓄冷单元中采用双罐式蓄冷工艺,一次蓄冷流体为R134a、R23、R14、R218或R22中的一种或多种冷剂,也可以采用多级双罐式蓄冷工艺,还可用R134a、R23、R14、R218或R22中的一种或多种冷剂作为一次蓄冷流体,同时使用丙烷、丙烯、丁烷或戊烷的一种或多种冷剂作为二次蓄冷流体的工艺。
本发明具有如下优点:(1)空气液化单元采用冷热端膨胀机并联增压、并联膨胀的工艺,降低液化空气的能耗;(2)采用夹点技术回收压缩机的压缩热,用压缩热加热高压空气膨胀机的入口空气温度,提高膨胀输出功;同时将多余的压缩热驱动吸收式制冷机组,制取低温水进一步降低压缩机的功耗;(3)采用三罐式蓄热和双罐式蓄冷工艺,一次蓄热/蓄冷流体为A1型冷剂,不可燃、无毒,具有安全、易得、无防爆距离要求等特性,有效降低***投资和占地面积。
附图说明
图1为本发明的实施例一的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的实施例二的结构示意图;
图3为本发明的实施例三的结构示意图;
图中,1-原料空气压缩机,2-原料空压机常温水冷却器A,3-原料空压机低温水冷却器A,4-空气纯化器,5-循环空气增压机,6-空气增压机常温水冷却器B,7-空气增压机低温水冷却器B,8-热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端,9-热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端,10-冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端,11-冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端,12-空气液化换热器,12-高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端,13-高压液空膨胀机的发电端,14-液空储罐,15-常温冷剂罐,21-循环冷剂泵,22-低温冷剂罐,30-常温水罐,31-常温水泵,32-高温水罐,33-低温水罐,34-低温水泵,35-冷水机组,36-循环水冷却器,50-高压液空泵,51-液空蒸发器,52-高压空气加热器,53-高压空气膨胀机的膨胀端,54-高压空气膨胀机的发电端,100-释能区,200-释能区。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述,本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述:
实施例一:如图1所示,一种高效液空储能/释能***,包括:空气液化单元、液空发电单元、蓄热单元和蓄冷单元;
如图1所示,空气液化单元包括原料空气压缩机1、原料空压机常温水冷却器A2、原料空压机低温水冷却器A3、空气纯化器4、循环空气增压机5、空气增压机常温水冷却器B6、空气增压机低温水冷却器B7、热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端8、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端9、冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端10、冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端11、空气液化换热器12、发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端13、高压液空膨胀机的发电端14和液空储罐15,原料空气压缩机1的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A2的进口连接,原料空压机常温水冷却器A2的出口与原料空压机低温水冷却器A3的进口相连,原料空压机低温水冷却器A3的出口与空气纯化器4的进口相连,空气纯化器4的出口与空气液化换热器12的通道II出口合并后一起与循环空气增压机5的进口相连,循环空气增压机5的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B6的进口相连,空气增压机常温水冷却器B6的出口与空气增压机低温水冷却器B7的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B7的出口分别与空气液化换热器12的通道I进口、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端9的进口和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端11的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端9的出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端11的出口合并后一起与空气液化热换器8的通道III进口相连,空气液化热换器8的通道I出口与热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端8的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端8的出口与空气液化换热器12的通道II上进口相连,空气液化热换器8的通道III上出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端10的进口相连,冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端10的出口与空气液化换热器12的通道II下进口相连,空气液化换热器12的通道III下出口与发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端13的进口相连,液空膨胀机的发电端9B与液空膨胀机的的膨胀端9A通过变速箱相连,液空膨胀机的膨胀端9A的出口与液空储罐15的进口相连;
如图1所示,液空发电单元包括高压液空泵50、液空蒸发器51、高压空气加热器52、高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端53和高压空气膨胀机的发电端54,高压液空泵50的进口与液空储罐15的出口相连,高压液空泵50的出口与液空蒸发器51的进口相连,液空蒸发器51的出口与高压空气加热器52进口相连,高压空气加热器52的出口与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端53的进口相连,高压空气膨胀机的发电端54与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端53通过变速箱相连;
如图1所示,蓄热单元包括常温水罐30、常温水泵31、低温水罐33、低温水泵34、高温水罐32、冷水机组35和循环水冷却器36,低温水罐33与低温水泵34的进口端相连,常温水泵31的进口与冷水机组35的蒸发器进口一起连接在常温水罐30上,常温水泵31的出口分别与原料空压机常温水冷却器A2的进口和空气增压机常温水冷却器B6的进口相连,且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,同时原料空压机低温水冷却器A3的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A2的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B7的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B6的进口相连,冷水机组35的蒸发器出口和低温水泵34的进口一起连接在低温水罐33上,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,低温水泵34的出口分别与原料空压机低温水冷却器A3的进口和空气增压机低温水冷却器B7的进口相连,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,冷水机组35的吸收器出口与循环水冷却器36的进口相连,循环水冷却器36的出口与常温水泵31的进口相连,原料空压机常温水冷却器A2的出口、空气增压机常温水冷却器B6的出口、冷水机组35的吸收器进口和高压空气加热器52的进口均连接在高温水罐32上;
如图1所示,蓄冷单元包括常温冷剂罐20、循环冷剂泵21和低温冷剂罐22,低温冷剂罐22的出口与空气液化热换器8的通道IV进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,空气液化热换器8的通道IV出口与常温冷剂罐20的进口相连,常温冷剂罐20的出口与循环冷剂泵21的进口相连,循环冷剂泵21的出口与液空蒸发器51的进口相连,液空蒸发器51的出口与低温冷剂罐22的进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门。
如图1所示,其液空储能/释能的流程如下:
储能区100储能时,多余的电能驱动空气依次进入原料空气压缩机1和循环空气增压机5中,得到的压缩空气依次被常温水和低温水冷却后分成三股:一股高压冷却空气进入空气液化换热器12的通道I,被冷流预冷后送入热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端8膨胀制冷,膨胀后的空气返回空气液化换热器12的通道II上部;其余两股高压冷却空气分别进入热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端9和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端11中并联增压,被增压的空气进入空气液化换热器12的通道III后分成两股:一股空气被冷流预冷后送入冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端10膨胀制冷;另一股空气被冷却、液化后进入发电机制动的高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端13继续膨胀制冷,产生的液化空气送入液空储罐15中储存;
储能区100储能时,常温水罐30中的常温水经常温水泵31加压后进入原料空压机常温水冷却器A2和空气增压机低温水冷却器B5A中,吸收压缩机的压缩热生产高温水后送入高温水罐32中进行蓄热,同时低温水罐33中的低温水经低温水泵34加压后进入原料空压机低温水冷却器A3和空气增压机低温水冷却器B7中,降低压缩空气的温度;
储能区100储能时,低温冷剂罐22中的低温冷剂送入空气液化换热器12的通道IV中,被复热至常温后进入常温冷剂罐20中储存;
释能区200释能时,液空储罐15中的液化空气经高压液空泵50加压至高压后,依次被液空蒸发器51和高压空气加热器52加热至高温空气,高温、高压空气再进入高压空气膨胀机53膨胀做功,驱动高压空气膨胀机的发电端54输出电能;
释能区200释能时,高温水罐32中的高温水分成两股:一股送入高压空气加热器52加热高压空气;另一股送入冷水机组35中,制取低温水,储存于低温水罐33中;
释能区200释能时,常温冷剂罐20中的常温冷剂经循环冷剂泵21加压后,送入液空蒸发器51中加热高压空气,同时被过冷后形成低温冷剂返回至低温冷剂罐22中进行蓄冷。
如图1所示,原料空气压缩机1的排气压力0.68MPa.G,压缩机级数为2级,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;循环空气增压机5的排气压力5.9MPa.G,压缩机级数为1级,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;高压空气膨胀机53膨胀前的压力19.9MPa.G、温度265℃,膨胀机级数为4级,其各级入口均设置加热器。
如图1所示,利用夹点技术提出三罐式蓄热工艺,一次蓄热流体为脱盐水,常温水罐30、高温水罐32和低温水罐33的工作温度分别在30℃、270℃和10℃。
如图1所示,采用双罐式蓄冷工艺,一次蓄冷流体为R134a。
本实施例中:以一个50MW标准风电场为例,为了满足风电场削峰填谷、减少弃风,实现风电平滑输出,按34%的比例配置储能/释能***(参考文献《科技管理研究》2014年第1期“储能技术在风电并网领域的市场需求分析”),即储能/释能容量均为17MW、持续时间各8h。该高效液空储能/释能***的总转化效率为58.35%,详细参数见表一的“实施例1”。
实施例2:如图2所示,本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:增加高压空气再加热器54,利用外来热量(高温烟气、高压蒸汽或光热产生的高温熔盐等)将高压空气再加热至350℃;循环空气增压机5级数为2级。该高效液空储能/释能***的总转化效率提高至74.96%,详细参数见表一的“实施例2”。
实施例3:如图3所示,本实施例与实施例1的区别在于:增加液空低温分离器11,回收液空节流后产生的闪蒸气,利用闪蒸气的流量和冷量进一步降低空气液化的能耗。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
表一:17MW×8h高效液空储能/释能***技术参数
Claims (10)
1.一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:包括空气液化单元、液化空气发电单元、蓄热单元和蓄冷单元;
所述空气液化单元包括原料空气压缩机(1)、原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)、原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)、空气纯化器(4)、循环空气增压机(5)、空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)、空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)、热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(9)、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(8)、冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(10)、冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(11)、空气液化换热器(12)、发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端(13)、高压液空膨胀机的发电端(14)和液空储罐(15),原料空气压缩机(1)的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)的进口连接,原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)的出口与原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)的进口相连,原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)的出口与空气纯化器(4)的进口相连,空气纯化器(4)的出口与空气液化换热器(12)的通道II出口合并后一起与循环空气增压机(5)的进口相连,循环空气增压机(5)的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)的进口相连,空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)的出口与空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)的出口分别与空气液化换热器(12)的通道I进口、热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(8)的进口和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(11)的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(8)的出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(11)的出口合并后一起与空气液化热换器(8)的通道III进口相连,空气液化热换器(8)的通道I出口与热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(9)的进口相连,热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(9)的出口与空气液化换热器(12)的通道II上进口相连,空气液化热换器(8)的通道III上出口与冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(10)的进口相连,冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(10)的出口与空气液化换热器(12)的通道II下进口相连,空气液化换热器(12)的通道III下出口与发电机制动高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端(13)的进口相连,液空膨胀机的发电端(9B)与液空膨胀机的的膨胀端(9A)通过变速箱相连,液空膨胀机的膨胀端(9A)的出口与液空储罐(15)的进口相连;
所述液空发电单元包括高压液空泵(50)、液空蒸发器(51)、高压空气加热器(52)、高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端(53)和高压空气膨胀机的发电端(54),高压液空泵(50)的进口与液空储罐(15)的出口相连,高压液空泵(50)的出口与液空蒸发器(51)的进口相连,液空蒸发器(51)的出口与高压空气加热器(52)进口相连,高压空气加热器(52)的出口与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端(53)的进口相连,高压空气膨胀机的发电端(54)与高压空气膨胀发电机的膨胀端(53)通过变速箱相连;
所述蓄热单元包括常温水罐(30)、常温水泵(31)、低温水罐(33)、低温水泵(34)、高温水罐(32)、冷水机组(35)和循环水冷却器(36),低温水罐(33)与低温水泵(34)的进口端相连,常温水泵(31)的进口与冷水机组(35)的蒸发器进口一起连接在常温水罐(30)上,常温水泵(31)的出口分别与原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)的进口和空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)的进口相连,且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,同时原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)的出口与原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)的进口相连,空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)的出口与空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)的进口相连,冷水机组(35)的蒸发器出口和低温水泵(34)的进口一起连接在低温水罐(33)上,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,低温水泵(34)的出口分别与原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)的进口和空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)的进口相连,且在连接的管道上设有调节阀门,冷水机组(35)的吸收器出口与循环水冷却器(36)的进口相连,循环水冷却器(36)的出口与常温水泵(31)的进口相连,原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)的出口、空气增压机常温水冷却器B(6)的出口、冷水机组(35)的吸收器进口和高压空气加热器(52)的进口均连接在高温水罐(32)上;
所述蓄冷单元包括常温冷剂罐(20)、循环冷剂泵(21)和低温冷剂罐(22),低温冷剂罐(22)的出口与空气液化热换器(8)的通道IV进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门,空气液化热换器(8)的通道IV出口与常温冷剂罐(20)的进口相连,常温冷剂罐(20)的出口与循环冷剂泵(21)的进口相连,循环冷剂泵(21)的出口与液空蒸发器(51)的进口相连,液空蒸发器(51)的出口与低温冷剂罐(22)的进口相连且在相连的管道上设有调节阀门。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:所述的高压液空泵(50)为罐内潜液泵或带真空保冷腔的潜液泵。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:所述的液空蒸发器(51)和高压空气加热器(52)采用管壳式、板壳式或印刷电路板式换热器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:所述的冷水机组(35)为溴化锂吸收式制冷机组或吸收式制冷与压缩式制冷的组合机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:所述的循环水冷却器(36)为空冷型、水冷型或吸收式热泵的一种或多种组合。
6.使用如权利要求1~6任意一项所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***的方法,其特征在于:
其液空储能/释能的流程如下:
储能区(100)储能时,多余的电能驱动空气依次进入原料空气压缩机(1)和循环空气增压机(5)中,得到的压缩空气依次被常温水和低温水冷却后分成三股:一股高压冷却空气进入空气液化换热器(12)的通道I,被冷流预冷后送入热端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(9)膨胀制冷,膨胀后的空气返回空气液化换热器(12)的通道II上部;其余两股高压冷却空气分别进入热端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(8)和冷端增压透平膨胀机的增压端(11)中并联增压,被增压的空气进入空气液化换热器(12)的通道III后分成两股:一股空气被冷流预冷后送入冷端增压透平膨胀机的膨胀端(10)膨胀制冷,膨胀制冷后的空气返回空气液化换热器(12)的通道II下部;另一股空气被冷却、液化后进入发电机制动的高压液空膨胀机的膨胀端(9A)继续膨胀制冷,产生的液化空气送入液空储罐(15)中储存;
储能区(100)储能时,常温水罐(30)中的常温水经常温水泵(31)加压后进入原料空压机常温水冷却器A(2)和空气增压机低温水冷却器B(5A)中,吸收压缩机的压缩热生产高温水后送入高温水罐(32)中进行蓄热,同时低温水罐(33)中的低温水经低温水泵(34)加压后进入原料空压机低温水冷却器A(3)和空气增压机低温水冷却器B(7)中,降低压缩空气的温度;
储能区(100)储能时,低温冷剂罐(22)中的低温冷剂送入空气液化换热器(12)的通道IV中,被复热至常温后进入常温冷剂罐(20)中储存;
释能区(200)释能时,液空储罐(15)中的液化空气经高压液空泵(50)加压至高压后,依次被液空蒸发器(51)和高压空气加热器(52)加热至高温空气,高温、高压空气再进入高压空气膨胀机(53)膨胀做功,驱动高压空气膨胀机的发电端(54)输出电能;
释能区(200)释能时,高温水罐(32)中的高温水分成两股:一股送入高压空气加热器(52)加热高压空气;另一股送入冷水机组(35)中,制取低温水,储存于低温水罐(33)中;
释能区(200)释能时,常温冷剂罐(20)中的常温冷剂经循环冷剂泵(21)加压后,送入液空蒸发器(51)中加热高压空气,同时被过冷后形成低温冷剂返回至低温冷剂罐(22)中进行蓄冷。
7.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的原料空气压缩机(1)的排气压力在0.4~1.0MPa.G之间,压缩机级数为2~4级或段,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;循环空气增压机(5)的排气压力在2.0~6.0MPa.G之间,压缩机级数为2~4级或段,其级间和末级均采用常温水和低温水串级冷却;高压空气膨胀机(53)膨胀前的压力在8.0~25.0MPa.G之间、温度在100~500℃之间,膨胀机级数为1~4级,其各级入口均设置加热器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的液空储罐(15)的工作压力在0.01~1.0MPa.G之间,当工作压力大于0.05MPa.G时,储罐采用双层、珠光砂保冷的结构,內罐为球罐或柱罐;当工作压力小于0.05MPa.G时,储罐为单容罐、全容罐或地下罐。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的蓄热单元利用三罐式蓄热工艺,一次蓄热流体为软化水、脱盐水或乙二醇水溶液,常温水罐(30)的工作温度在20~50℃之间,高温水罐(32)的工作温度在100~300℃之间,低温水罐(33)的工作温度在5~20℃之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效液空储能/释能***,其特征在于:所述的蓄冷单元中采用双罐式蓄冷工艺,一次蓄冷流体为R134a、R23、R14、R218或R22中的一种或多种冷剂,也可以采用多级双罐式蓄冷工艺,还可用R134a、R23、R14、R218或R22中的一种或多种冷剂作为一次蓄冷流体,同时使用丙烷、丙烯、丁烷或戊烷的一种或多种冷剂作为二次蓄冷流体的工艺。
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