CN105866633B - The replay method of transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of replay methods of the transmission line malfunction current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight, fault traveling wave detection device is installed on transmission line of electricity, according to 2 points of current in the fault point traveling waves detected of its kind, it first passes through least square method and sets up object function based on frequency according to model, the distributed constant of this section of transmission line of electricity is finally inversed by by intelligent search algorithm simulated annealing.Inverting is carried out by the test point waveform to the other section of same circuit and the correctness of the contrast verification distributed constant is carried out with true detection waveform, the fault current traveling-wave waveform of arbitrary unknown point on the circuit that may finally be out of order by this inversion method exact inversion.Absolute error of the present invention is no more than 3 μ s, and relative error is no more than 6%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line fault equipment detection, in particular to a method for reproducing a power transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight.
Background
The power transmission line is the most prone to failure in the power system, and students have conducted many researches on fault location and fault positioning of the power transmission line. For the fault of the transmission line, the defense capability of the transmission line can be only passively increased so as to reduce the probability of the fault of the transmission line. When the actual line local transformation project is applied, due to the lack of fault data as support, transformation work cannot be purposefully focused, and a large amount of manpower and material resource investment is wasted. If the development process of the fault can be replayed, the condition scene of the whole process of the fault of the power transmission line can be visualized, and the method has great practical significance on aspects of analysis and diagnosis of the fault of the power transmission line, formulation of a later-stage line defense scheme, fault accident exercise and the like.
For a single-phase line, if the section of power transmission line is uniform and unified, the resistance, the inductance, the capacitance and the conductance of the single-phase line per unit length are respectively R, L, G, C, a section of line with the length of dx is taken from the power transmission line, and the propagation equation of the line in a frequency domain is as follows:
the solution of equation (1) can ultimately be written as follows:
wherein,is the line propagation coefficient, x is the propagation distance, ZcIs the wave impedance. A. the1、A2Is an integration constant determined by the boundary conditions.
For a single fault traveling wave, if the backward traveling wave propagating in the opposite direction of x is not considered, equation (2) can be written as:
from the equation (3), for two points 1 and 2 spaced apart by x on the line, the current wave and the voltage wave between them have the following relationship
As can be seen from equation (4), the propagation of the wave on the single-phase uniform power transmission line is closely related to the frequency thereof, and as the propagation distance x increases, the voltage and the current gradually attenuate. Remember H ═ e-λxThe transmission model is a transmission function of transmission line frequency domain along the line, and is called as a transmission line frequency dependent function model.
For a three-phase transmission line, a coupling relationship exists between three phases, and the three phases need to be converted into three independent components through phase-mode transformation so as to facilitate analysis.
For two points 1 and 2 with the distance d on the line, the following current traveling wave waveform relation is finally obtained after the phase-mode conversion is carried out on the formula (4)
Where the superscript i (i ═ 0,1,2) denotes the i modulus component.
If the transmission rule of the transmission line is to be known, the four distribution parameters in λ must be known, and as can be seen from equation (5), λ has four variables in the transfer function and is affected by coupling, the traditional mathematical method has become unwilling to solve the equation and it is difficult to obtain a global optimal solution. Therefore, a global optimization intelligent algorithm, namely a simulated annealing algorithm, is needed to be borrowed.
The earliest idea of the Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA) was proposed by n.metropolis et al in 1953. In 1983, s.kirkpatrick et al successfully introduced the annealing concept into the field of combinatorial optimization. The method is a random optimization algorithm based on a Monte-Carlo iterative solution strategy, and the starting point is based on the similarity between the annealing process of solid matters in physics and a general combinatorial optimization problem. The simulated annealing algorithm starts from a certain high initial temperature, and randomly searches a global optimal solution of the objective function in a solution space by combining with the probability jump characteristic along with the continuous decrease of the temperature parameter, namely, the global optimal solution can jump out probabilistically in a local optimal solution and finally tends to be global optimal.
In the aspect of fault replay, students at home and abroad pay more attention to fault recurrence at the system level, for example, the university of north china electric power depends on a primary power grid model, real-time power grid operation, fault recording information, protection action information, switching action information in the fault process and other information to construct a fault area to determine suspicious equipment, then the information related to the suspicious equipment is actively collected according to the suspicious equipment, the fault recording result is comprehensively utilized as an intermediate conclusion, and finally, the fault equipment is determined and the fault process is preliminarily judged by utilizing methods such as evidence theory, positive and negative hybrid reasoning and the like. But there is not sufficient mining for more utilization of transmission line fault traveling wave waveform information and data mining.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defect of the fault point information replay technology, the invention aims to provide a wave weight-based method for reproducing the fault current traveling wave waveform of the power transmission line.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method for reproducing a transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight comprises the following steps:
step S1: sequentially setting a plurality of fault detection points on a transmission line for collecting fault current traveling wave waveforms;
step S2: carrying out the three-phase decoupling of the Carnbell transformation on the waveforms of the other two fault detection points on the same side of the actual fault occurrence position on the transmission line except the nearest one;
step S3: performing wavelet packet transformation on each modulus of the traveling wave subjected to three-phase decoupling, performing fast Fourier transformation, and substituting a frequency division band into a line frequency-dependent function model, specifically:
step S3.1: taking the example of N-layer wavelet packet transformation, for 2 which divides each of two detection points after N-layer wavelet packet transformationNEach frequency band waveform in each frequency band is subjected to fast Fourier transform to generate 2 frequency bands respectivelyNSegment frequency domain data.
Step S3.2: multiplying the frequency domain data of each modulus of the detection point close to the fault point by a line frequency-dependent function H, and making a difference with the data of the corresponding frequency band of the modulus of the other detection point to obtain delta d (i), wherein i represents the ith frequency band;
wherein H ═ e-λxAnd x is the distance between two detection points,for each frequency band, f is the center frequency of the frequency band, R is the resistance, L is the inductance, G is the conductance, and C is the capacitance.
Step S4: weighting and combining the waveform energy ratios of the detected waveforms close to the fault point of each frequency section as coefficients to generate a final target optimizing function;
step S4.1: taking N layers of wavelet packet transformation as an example, carrying out Callunebur transformation decoupling on the decoupling waveform close to the detection point of the fault point.
Step S4.2: n layers of wavelet packet transformation are carried out on each modulus waveform after decoupling to divide each modulus waveform into 2NAnd (4) frequency bands.
Step S4.3: the percentage of the waveform energy of the components of each frequency band in the total waveform energy is the weight a (i) of the weighted combination, wherein i represents the ith frequency band;
step S4.4: the final weighted objective function is as follows:denotes the conjugate transpose.
Step S5: globally solving the target optimizing function through a simulated annealing algorithm to obtain the distribution parameters of the section of the power transmission line;
step S6: substituting the obtained distribution parameters into a line frequency-dependent function model, and performing inversion on the waveform of the unknown point according to the waveform of the known point and the line frequency-dependent parameter model, and specifically comprising the following steps:
s6.1: after the line profile parameters are obtained in S5, a line frequency-dependent function model H is determined, where H ═ e-λxX is the distance of traveling wave transmission, and the known point waveform for inversion is decoupled into each modulus waveform by the Carlun Boolean transformation;
s6.2: and (3) carrying out fast Fourier transform on the traveling wave line mode waveform after three-phase decoupling, and operating according to the position relation of an unknown point and a known point and a line frequency dependence function model:
if the unknown point is downstream of the known point, multiplying each modulus waveform of the known point by a line frequency dependent function model H;
if the unknown point is between the known point and the line fault point, dividing each modulus waveform of the known point by a line frequency-dependent function model H;
s6.3: according to the line-mode waveform of the unknown point after operation, the zero-mode waveform of the unknown point is obtained by combining the fault type boundary condition;
s6.4: and carrying out inverse karnobel transformation according to each modulus waveform of the unknown point to obtain a three-phase fault current traveling wave waveform of the unknown point.
The distribution parameter inversion principle is based on the objective function optimization by minimizing the residual error of the traveling wave derived from the traveling wave transfer model theory and the actual waveform obtained by observation and measurement, and the invention uses a least square objective function:
Q＝Δd·Δd*(6)
wherein Δ d ═ dcal-dobs，dcalIs forward data corresponding to the current delivery model, dobsIs the actual measured data, which represents the conjugate transpose.
The current traveling wave waveform analyzed by the invention is a high-frequency transient signal, wavelet packet transformation is used for carrying out frequency division section processing on the signal in the detail extraction process, so that the final objective function is formed by combining components of each frequency section in the following form:
in the formula, a (i) represents a weight coefficient of the i section after the n-1 layer wavelet packet transformation, and is determined by the percentage of energy of each frequency section of the waveform in the total energy; and d is waveform data after three-phase decoupling and fast Fourier transform of the Carnobol.
And (3) carrying out global optimization by simulating an annealing algorithm by using an intelligent algorithm on the objective function in the formula (7) to obtain each modulus distribution parameter of the line between two detection points on the line.
After the distribution parameters of each modulus on the line are solved, the transfer function H is determined, so that the waveforms of other points on the line can be calculated according to the waveform of the known detection point and the frequency-dependent model H and compared with the real detection waveform of the point, and the correctness of the inversion parameters and the feasibility of the waveform inversion method are verified.
The invention utilizes the frequency dependence propagation characteristics of the traveling wave in the power transmission line to construct an inversion model of the fault current waveform, and obtains the line distribution parameters and inverts the fault current traveling wave waveform, and the technical effects are as follows:
1) the method has the advantages that the distribution parameters on the power transmission line can be effectively and accurately solved according to the waveforms of the two detection points by constructing an inversion model of the fault current traveling wave waveform, establishing a least square objective function by combining wavelet packet transformation and fast Fourier transformation, and simulating the global optimization of an annealing algorithm through an intelligent search algorithm.
2) The line distribution parameters are firstly solved, and then the traveling wave transfer model is combined to accurately invert the waveform of the unknown point according to the waveform of the known point.
3) The traveling wave of each point on the line can be accurately obtained, and technical support is made for comprehensively utilizing traveling wave fault information and carrying out fault analysis in the later period.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pscad model of a power transmission line
FIG. 2 shows the current traveling wave waveforms at detection points 1,2, and 3
FIG. 3 is a plot of the respective modulus waveforms for parametric inversion
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of current traveling wave waveforms at detection point 1
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The transmission line model as shown in fig. 1 is built in the PSCAD. A frequency-dependent model is adopted for a circuit, F is a lightning stroke fault point, and three detection points are sequentially set along the 20km, 40km and 70km line of the fault point and are used for collecting fault current traveling wave waveforms. The tower of the transmission line is a model of an actual tower ZB 1.
The line is struck by lightning at point F at 0.2 second, a high-frequency pulse signal is used for simulation in pscad to generate transient current travelling wave propagating along the line, attenuated and distorted current travelling wave waveforms are detected at downstream detection points 1,2 and 3 respectively, as shown in figure 2, and the sampling frequency of the travelling wave waveform is 1MHz.
As can be seen from fig. 2, after the fault occurs at point F, most of the wave heads and wave tails of the first current traveling wave waveforms at the detection points 1,2, and 3 are relatively intact, but because the traveling wave of the line has refraction and reflection, the complete waveform of the first wave cannot be obtained singly. In order to make the inversion more accurate, the overlapping part of the first wave head and the second wave head is cut off, the three-phase decoupling is carried out on the overlapping part of the first wave head and the second wave head, and each decoupled modulus waveform is shown in figure 3
And carrying out 5-layer wavelet packet transformation on each modulus of the traveling wave subjected to three-phase decoupling to divide the traveling wave into 32 frequency bands, carrying out fast Fourier transformation, and substituting the frequency bands into the line frequency-dependent function model H.
The final target optimizing function generated by performing weighted combination on the waveform energy ratio of the detected waveform (here, the detection point 2) close to the fault point in each frequency band as a coefficient is as follows:
global solution is carried out on the target optimizing function through a simulated annealing algorithm, and the modulus distribution parameters of the section of the power transmission line are obtained and are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 detection of distribution parameters between points 2,3
The present invention evaluates the effect of waveform inversion in the following 5 aspects.
1) Wave head starting time ts。
2) Wave head rise timeI.e. the time it takes for the amplitude of the wave to rise from 0.1 to 0.9 times the maximum amplitude.
3) Peak value of fault traveling wave Im。
4) Position t of peakm。
5) Half-wave length thm＝th-ts. Wherein t ishThe time when the amplitude increases to the maximum and then decreases to half.
Through the comparative evaluation of the above 5 aspects, the characteristics of the waveform can be reflected in all aspects.
Because the inversion of the zero-mode component is restricted by various aspects and can not be accurately inverted, the inversion of the zero-mode is abandoned, and the zero-mode component is obtained by combining the inversion result of the line mode through boundary conditions of the zero-mode and the line mode when different fault types exist. The fault type of the embodiment is A-phase grounding, and the line inversion zero-mode component can be obtained through boundary conditions and a phase-mode relation. And then, carrying out inverse karnbuer transformation on each modulus waveform to obtain a three-phase current waveform comparison diagram as shown in fig. 4.
For the data of the first wave head in fig. 4, the 5 evaluation systems of the present invention were evaluated as follows:
1) wave head starting time ts. The absolute errors of the three-phase inversion waveform and the detection waveform are respectively 0.5 mu s of A phase,phase B1. mu.s, phase C2. mu.s.
2) Wave head rise timeA. B, C the relative errors of the three phases are 1.698%, 3.425% and 4.875%, respectively.
3) Peak value of fault traveling wave Im. A. B, C the relative errors of the three phases are 1.774%, 1.852% and 4.691%, respectively.
4) Position t of peakm. A. B, C the absolute errors of the three phases are 2 mus, 1 mus, respectively.
5) Half-wave length thm＝th-ts. A. B, C, the relative errors of the three phases are 0.723%, 2.820% and 4.669%, respectively.
A large number of simulation experiments prove that the absolute error of the fault current traveling wave waveform inversion method for five evaluation indexes is not more than 3 mu s, and the relative error is not more than 6%.
It is to be noted that the above lists only specific embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many similar variations follow. All modifications which would occur to one skilled in the art and which are, therefore, directly derived or suggested from the disclosure herein are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for reproducing a transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on wave weight is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: sequentially setting a plurality of fault detection points on a transmission line for collecting fault current traveling wave waveforms;
step S2: carrying out the three-phase decoupling of the Carnbell transformation on the waveforms of the other two fault detection points on the same side of the actual fault occurrence position on the transmission line except the nearest one;
step S3: performing wavelet packet transformation on each modulus of the traveling wave subjected to three-phase decoupling, and then performing fast Fourier transformation, and substituting a frequency division band into a line frequency-dependent function model;
step S4: weighting and combining the waveform energy ratios of the detected waveforms close to the fault point of each frequency section as coefficients to generate a final target optimizing function;
step S5: globally solving the target optimizing function through a simulated annealing algorithm to obtain the distribution parameters of the section of the power transmission line;
step S6: and substituting the obtained distribution parameters into the line frequency-dependent function model, and performing inversion on the waveform of the unknown point according to the waveform of the known point and the line frequency-dependent function model.
2. The method for reproducing the power transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on the wave weight as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific step of substituting the frequency band into the line frequency-dependent function model in the step S3 is as follows:
step S3.1: for 2 which divides two detection points into after N layers of wavelet packet conversionNEach frequency band waveform in each frequency band is subjected to fast Fourier transform to generate 2 frequency bands respectivelyNSegment frequency domain data;
step S3.2: multiplying the frequency domain data of each modulus of the detection point close to the fault point by a line frequency-dependent function model, and making a difference with the data of the corresponding frequency band of the modulus of the other detection point to obtain delta d (i), wherein i represents the ith frequency band;
wherein H ═ e-λxAnd x is the distance between two detection points,for each frequency band, f is the center frequency of the frequency band, R is the resistance, L is the inductance, G is the conductance, and C is the capacitance.
3. The method for reproducing the transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on the wave weight as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S4 is a weighted combination step:
step S4.1: for N layers of wavelet packet transformation, carrying out Callunebur transformation decoupling on a decoupling waveform close to a detection point at a fault point;
step S4.2: n layers of wavelet packet transformation are carried out on each modulus waveform after decoupling to divide each modulus waveform into 2NA plurality of frequency bands;
step S4.3: the percentage of the waveform energy of the components of each frequency band in the total waveform energy is the weight a (i) of the weighted combination, wherein i represents the ith frequency band;
step S4.4: the final weighted objective function is as follows:denotes the conjugate transpose.
4. The method for reproducing the power transmission line fault current traveling wave waveform based on the wave weight as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific step of inverting the waveform of the unknown point in the step S6 is as follows:
s6.1: after the line profile parameters are obtained in S5, a line frequency-dependent function model H is determined, where H ═ e-λxX is the distance of traveling wave transmission, and the known point waveform for inversion is decoupled into each modulus waveform by the Carlun Boolean transformation;
s6.2: and (3) carrying out fast Fourier transform on the traveling wave line mode waveform after three-phase decoupling, and operating according to the position relation of an unknown point and a known point and a line frequency dependence function model:
if the unknown point is downstream of the known point, multiplying each modulus waveform of the known point by a line frequency dependent function model H;
if the unknown point is between the known point and the line fault point, dividing each modulus waveform of the known point by a line frequency dependent function model;
s6.3: according to the line-mode waveform of the unknown point after operation, the zero-mode waveform of the unknown point is obtained by combining the fault type boundary condition;
s6.4: and carrying out inverse karnobel transformation according to each modulus waveform of the unknown point to obtain a three-phase fault current traveling wave waveform of the unknown point.
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| CN103884963A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-25 | 国家电网公司 | Distribution network fault distance measurement method based on fault transient state traveling wave zero-mode and aerial-mode speed difference |
| CN103901324A (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2014-07-02 | 国家电网公司 | Method for hybrid circuit combined distance measurement of power distribution network based on single-ended fault information |
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