CN105865550B - Gas jet velocity pipe flow measuring device capable of being calibrated on line - Google Patents
Gas jet velocity pipe flow measuring device capable of being calibrated on line Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865550B CN105865550B CN201610410545.9A CN201610410545A CN105865550B CN 105865550 B CN105865550 B CN 105865550B CN 201610410545 A CN201610410545 A CN 201610410545A CN 105865550 B CN105865550 B CN 105865550B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/663—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by measuring Doppler frequency shift
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
- G01F25/15—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters specially adapted for gas meters
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gas jet velocity pipe flow measuring device capable of being calibrated on line, which comprises: a pipe section for the passage of gas; a spray rate tube mounted within the tube segment, the spray rate tube having a first port and a second port; a differential pressure transmitter that measures a pressure difference between a first port and a second port of the spout tube; the method is characterized in that: a transparent window is arranged on the pipe section, and the projection of the transparent window on the pipe wall covers the projection of the second port of the spray velocity pipe on the pipe wall; and a laser Doppler current meter is arranged on the outer side of the pipe section, and laser emitted by the Doppler current meter penetrates through the transparent window to measure the flow at the second port of the jet velocity pipe. The jet pipe flow measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages of reliable work, accurate measurement, clear flow of the calibration method and convenience in operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas jet pipe flow measuring device, in particular to a jet pipe flow measuring device for online calibration of flow based on a laser Doppler flow meter.
Background
Gas flow measurement has a wide range of needs and applications in the fields of energy, environment, manufacturing, and the like. Such as storage and transportation of natural gas, emission of combustion waste gas of a power plant, air supply of blast furnace steel making of a steel mill and the like, the gas flow needs to be measured. Gas flow meters are of a wide variety including turbine flow meters, ultrasonic flow meters, differential pressure flow meters, and the like. When the flowmeter is used, the flowmeter needs to be periodically calibrated to obtain an accurate measurement result, and the requirement of field flow measurement is met. Under the existing calibration mode and conditions, a user needs to disassemble the flowmeter from the measuring pipeline, transport the flowmeter to a flow detection laboratory with calibration capability, and calibrate the flowmeter on a flow standard device. After calibration is complete, the flow meter is returned to the user and flow measurements can be made after reinstallation and commissioning.
The gas flow measurement requirements of different field industries vary greatly. Firstly, the measured gas media are of various types, and the difference of the physical property parameters of the gas media affects the measurement accuracy. Secondly, the pressure and flow range of field flow measurement is wide, different principles are needed, and flow meters with different calibers meet the measurement requirements. In addition, the installation conditions of the flow measurement site are complex, the use environment is various, and the difficulty is caused for accurate measurement. This difficulty requires that the flow calibration device used for flow meter calibration have a perfect calibration function, and different flow meters can be calibrated under various conditions, so that it is possible to ensure the reliability and validity of field measurement data. However, the flow standard device has large construction land area, high manufacturing and operating cost and much energy consumption, and is a heavy burden for users. Furthermore, part of the users have to stop production in order to complete the calibration, and it is also a significant expense to disassemble and transport the flow meter, which all results in a loss of economic efficiency.
Based on the above problems, a flow meter with an online calibration function is considered to be an effective way and tool to solve the problems. However, the existing gas flow meters are difficult to realize on-line calibration of the flow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of real-flow online calibration of a gas flowmeter, and provides an online-calibration jet velocity pipe flow measuring device based on a laser Doppler current meter (LDV), which is used for measuring the gas flow in a closed pipeline.
The invention discloses a laser Doppler current meter (LDV) -based online-calibration jet velocity pipe flow measuring device, which is used for measuring gas flow in a closed pipeline. The laser Doppler current meter can measure the flow field speed and distribution at the outlet of the jet velocity tube, and obtains the flow by integrating the flow field speed, and the flow is defined as the standard flow. And calculating the calibration coefficient of the jet pipe flow measuring device by comparing the standard flow with the nominal flow obtained by the jet pipe flow measuring device, so as to realize the online calibration of the measuring device. The jet pipe flow measuring device has the advantages of reliable work, accurate measurement, clear flow of the calibration method and convenient operation.
The invention relates to a laser Doppler current meter (LDV) based on-line calibration jet pipe flow measuring device; the flowmeter can be installed in a closed pipeline and measures state parameters such as differential pressure and the like under a certain flow rate. Based on the design of the molded surface of the inner cavity of the flowmeter, the flow velocity of the core area of the jet flow field is uniformly distributed. The boundary layer stability was measurable.
The invention provides a gas spray velocity pipe flow measuring device capable of being calibrated on line, which comprises: a pipe section for the passage of gas; a velocity stack mounted within the tube segment, the velocity stack having a first port and a second port; a differential pressure transmitter that measures a pressure difference between a first port and a second port of the spout tube; a transparent window is arranged on the pipe section, and the projection of the transparent window on the pipe wall covers the projection of the second port of the spray velocity pipe on the pipe wall; and a laser Doppler current meter is arranged on the outer side of the pipe section, and laser emitted by the laser Doppler current meter penetrates through the transparent window to measure the flow at the second port of the jet velocity pipe.
Wherein, the pipeline section is at least two, and interconnect.
Wherein, install pressure transmitter on the lateral wall of pipeline section.
Wherein the pressure transmitter is proximate to the first port of the velocity stack.
Wherein, the transparent window is a double-layer sealing structure.
Wherein, the diameter range of the pipe section is 3-3000 mm.
Wherein the diameter of the first port of the velocity jet tube is greater than the diameter of the second port.
The shape of the pipe section is one of a circle, a rectangle, a polygon and the like, or any combination of the above shapes.
The invention provides an online calibration method based on a laser Doppler current meter (LDV). Through a transparent window mounted on the flow meter, a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) can achieve measurement of the velocity distribution of the flow field. The flow is obtained by integrating the velocity at each point in the flow field. The design of the inner cavity curved surface of the spray velocity pipe can realize uniform distribution of the velocity of the core area of the flow field under a certain difference, and can realize effective control of the thickness of the boundary layer. Wherein the shrinkage ratio of the spraying speed pipe ranges from 3: 1 to 9: 1. The position selected by the differential pressure measurement of the jet pipe flow measuring device is selected after calculation and design, and the accurate and stable differential pressure value under the current flow can be obtained. Wherein, need to install transparent window when spouting fast pipe measuring device calibration. The transparent window can be mounted and dismounted on line (without current interruption) by depending on a double-layer sealing mechanism of the device. Wherein, by filling trace particles with a certain concentration, the measurement of the gas flow velocity by a laser Doppler flow velocity meter (LDV) can be realized.
The method has the advantages that: on-line calibration can be achieved without having to disassemble or reinstall the flow meter during calibration, and without having to shut down or shut down the gas flowing in the pipeline.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow rate measuring apparatus for a spray pipe.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following descriptions are provided only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended to specifically limit the scope thereof.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a flow rate measuring apparatus for a spray pipe according to the present invention. The measuring device comprises a first pipe section 1, a second pipe section 10 and a third pipe section 9, wherein the first pipe section 1 is connected with the second pipe section 10 through bolts, the second pipe section 10 is connected with the third pipe section 9 through bolts, and the first pipe section 1, the second pipe section 10 and the third pipe section 9 can be connected through bolts or other connecting modes.
The direction of the arrow shown in fig. 1 is the flowing direction of the gas in the measuring device, a pressure transmitter 3 is installed on the side wall of the first pipe section 1, the pressure transmitter 3 can give the pressure of the gas in the pipe to the side wall, the pressure transmitter converts the mechanical signal of the pressure into the current signal, wherein, the pressure is in linear relation with the voltage or the current in the electronic signal, and the magnitude of the pressure is calculated according to the electronic signal.
A spraying speed pipe 5 is further connected to the joint of the first pipe section 1 and the second pipe section 10, the spraying speed pipe 5 is made of stainless steel or other high-strength materials, and the spraying speed pipe 5 is provided with a first port, a second port and an arc-shaped pipe wall between the first port and the second port; the spraying speed pipe 5 is characterized in that a flange extending outwards is arranged on a first port of the spraying speed pipe 5, a plurality of through holes are preferably formed in the flange, annular grooves are formed in two sides of the flange, circular rubber pads can be arranged in the two annular grooves, bolts for connecting the first pipe section 1 and the second pipe section 10 penetrate through the through holes in the flange of the first port, the spraying speed pipe 5 is fixed between the first pipe section 1 and the second pipe section 10, and the two rubber pads are respectively matched with the first pipe section 1 and the second pipe section 10 for realizing sealing of the connection position. As a further preference, the lance tube 5 can be connected between the first tube section 1 and the second tube section 10 by means of flanges.
The caliber range of a pipeline formed by the first pipe section 1, the second pipe section 10 and the third pipe section 9 is 3-3000 mm; the pipeline is in one shape of a round pipeline, a rectangular pipeline, a polygonal pipeline and the like, or any combination of the pipelines; the pipeline can be horizontally installed, vertically installed or obliquely installed.
The diameter of the first port of the spraying speed pipe 5 is larger than that of the second port, the diameter of the first port is gradually reduced towards the direction of the second port, the reduction mode is that the pipe wall of the spraying speed pipe is contracted in an arc mode, the inner surface and the outer surface of the pipe wall are in a curved surface mode, the uniform distribution of the speed of a flow field core area under a certain difference can be realized through the design that the inner surface of a cavity of the spraying speed pipe 5 is a curved surface, and the effective control of the thickness of a boundary layer can be realized. The first port of the spray tube 5 has a certain contraction ratio relative to the second port, wherein the contraction of the spray tube is 3: 1, the diameter of the first port is three times that of the second port, and as a further improvement, the diameter of the second port is further reduced, and the contraction ratio is changed to 5: 1, namely the diameter of the first port is five times that of the second port; as a further preference, the diameter of the second port is reduced to a contraction ratio of 9: 1, the contraction ratio is in a range of 3: 1-9: 1 as a modification of the present invention, and of course, the contraction ratio can be set according to specific pipe requirements, and is not limited to a range of 3: 1-9: 1, the contraction ratio can be less than 3: 1, and in addition, the contraction ratio can be greater than 9: 1.
A differential pressure transmitter 4 is arranged between the installation position of the pressure transmitter 3 and the second port of the jet velocity pipe 5, the differential pressure transmitter 4 can obtain the pressure difference between the first pipe section 1 and the second port of the jet velocity pipe 5, and therefore the flow in the pipe sections can be obtained through calculation.
The first pipe section 1 is provided with a scattering particle adder 2, the scattering particle adder 2 is provided with an adding port positioned in the first pipe section 1, particles are scattered out of the adding port to be diffused into the first pipe section 1, enter from a first port of the spray velocity pipe 5 and are sprayed out from a second port of the spray velocity pipe 5 positioned in a second pipe section 10, the second pipe section 10 is provided with a transparent window 8, the transparent window 8 and the projection of the spray velocity pipe 5 on the pipe wall of the second pipe section 10 are provided with overlapped parts, so that the range of the transparent window 8 covers the second port of the spray velocity pipe 5, the projection of the transparent window on the pipe wall covers the projection of the second port of the spray velocity pipe on the pipe wall, and the scattering particles sprayed out of the second port of the spray velocity pipe 5 can be observed through the transparent window 8. Added to the gas in the first tube section 1, the generated scattering particles flow with the gas through the spout tube to the transparent window. Wherein, transparent windows are required to be installed when the spraying speed tube measuring device is calibrated. The transparent window can be mounted and dismounted on line (without current interruption) by depending on a double-layer sealing mechanism of the device.
In order to facilitate the safe operation of the pipeline, the pipeline of the transparent window 8 at the position adopts a double-layer sealing structure form, when the pipeline normally works at ordinary times, a metal or other sealing structure form is adopted, the two sealing structures are both in a sealing state, no gas flow exists between the two sealing structures, before the pipeline is prepared to be calibrated, the outermost sealing structure is replaced by the transparent window 8, the transparent window 8 can be preferably made of quartz glass with high transmittance, after the transparent window 8 is replaced, the inner sealing structure in the two sealing structures is opened, and preferably, an automatic control valve or other controllable modes are adopted for opening.
A temperature sensor 7 is also included in the second pipe section 10, the temperature sensor 7 being adapted to measure the temperature of the gas in the second pipe section 10.
And a laser Doppler current meter 6 is arranged on the outer side of the pipeline of the second pipe section 10, the laser Doppler current meter 6 measures the flow velocity distribution at the outlet of the spray velocity pipe 5, and the integral calculation is carried out on the flow velocity distribution to obtain the actual flow passing through the spray velocity pipe.
In the present invention, the flow rate is obtained by integrating the spot flow velocity with respect to the jet area. Whether the flow velocity of a point can be accurately measured is the key for realizing flow measurement. The invention measures the flow velocity of each point in the jet flow field by the laser Doppler current meter 6. The measurement mode of the laser Doppler current meter 6 is non-contact measurement, the damage to a jet flow field is avoided, the blocking effect cannot be formed, the spatial resolution of the measurement is high and is about 2mm3Left and right. The specific measurement principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the scattering particle adder 2 located in the first pipe segment 1 adds scattering particles ejected from the second port of the spout tube 5 to the first pipe segment 1, the laser light of the laser doppler velocimeter 6 passes through the transparent window 8 and irradiates the vicinity of the exit of the second port of the spout tube 5, and the laser doppler velocimeter 6 obtains the velocity of the gas by using the doppler shift of the scattering light of the following particles dispersed in the gas. Specifically, the laser doppler velocimeter 6 adopts a dual-beam mode, and two coherent gaussian lights are emitted from the laser doppler velocimeter 6, the gaussian lights intersect in space, a measurement body is formed in the intersecting area, and interference fringes with alternate light and dark are formed in the measurement body. When scattering particles following a fluid pass through the measurement volume, the doppler frequency of the light intensity signal scattered by the particles is related to the velocity of the particles:
where λ is the wavelength of the emitted light and θ is the clip of two coherent light beamsAngle, f is the doppler frequency. In the formula (1), the reaction mixture is,
the distance between interference fringes in the measurement volume is characterized, f the transit time of the scattering particles through the measurement volume, vLDAIs the spot flow velocity obtained by laser doppler measurement. Formula (1) indicates that: the measurement accuracy of the Doppler frequency f and the fringe spacing determines the measurement accuracy of the laser Doppler velocimeter LDV. After the laser Doppler current meter is accurately calibrated, the measurement precision of the point flow velocity can reach the velocity measurement precision of 0.2%.
Calibration procedure of the jet pipe flow measuring device: when the gas in the pipe passes through the velocity jet pipe 5, a certain differential pressure is generated between both sides of the velocity jet pipe 5 due to the contraction and restriction of the velocity jet pipe 5. The differential pressure is quantitatively related to the flow rate through the velocity nozzle 5. If the correction of the measurement model of the spraying speed management is realized through flow calibration, namely the quantitative relation between the differential pressure and the flow is accurately quantized, the gas flow can be accurately measured by using the spraying speed pipe measuring device. The flow field velocity distribution at the outlet of the second port of the jet velocity tube 5 is measured by using a laser doppler velocimeter, and then the flow field velocity distribution is integrated, so that the jet flow volume flow can be obtained. The jet flow at the outlet of the nozzle and the flow in the upstream pipeline keep good continuity, so the jet flow measured by the laser Doppler current meter 6 is the flow in the pipeline. The jet flow is used as the standard flow and is compared with the nominal flow measured by the spraying speed pipe 5, so that the calibration of the spraying speed pipe measuring device can be realized, and the quantitative relation between the differential pressure and the flow flowing through the spraying speed pipe is determined. Standard flow q measured by laser Doppler current metersCan be obtained from the formula (2):
qs＝∫vLDAdA (2)
wherein v isLDAIs the spot flow velocity obtained by laser doppler measurement.
An on-line calibration process: as shown in fig. 1: the jet pipe flow measuring device is arranged in the gas pipeline in a flange connection mode. The absolute pressure of the gas is measured by taking the pressure at the upstream pipeline of the jet velocity pipe, and meanwhile, the pressure is taken at the outlet of the second port of the jet velocity pipe 5 in an annular mode, and the differential pressure at the two ends of the jet velocity pipe is measured. The temperature of the gas is measured by a temperature sensor 7 installed at the outlet of the lance. The internal cross-sectional area of the outlet at the second port of the jet velocity pipe 5 can be measured before installation, when the gas in the pipeline flows through the jet velocity pipe flow meter, the absolute pressure of the gas, the differential pressure of the jet velocity pipe and the temperature of the gas are measured, and the current nominal flow of the jet velocity pipe can be calculated, wherein the nominal flow qi can be obtained by the formula (3):
wherein, cdThe outflow coefficient of the jet velocity tube represents the velocity distribution of a jet flow field in the integrated flow and the correction of a boundary layer; a is the area of the outlet of the spray velocity tube; delta p is the differential pressure at the two ends of the subsonic nozzle; ρ is the density of the jet fluid.
The invention installs scattering particle adder on the upstream of the measuring device, and the generated scattering particles flow to the transparent window along with the gas through the spray velocity tube. And measuring the flow velocity distribution at the outlet of the spray velocity tube by using a laser Doppler flow velocity meter, and performing integral calculation on the flow velocity distribution to obtain the actual flow flowing through the spray velocity tube. The quantitative relation between the nominal flow and the actual flow is established under different flows, and the online calibration of the jet pipe flow measuring device can be realized. The outflow coefficient of the jet velocity tube can be obtained from the expressions (2) and (3).
Obtaining the outflow coefficient c of the spray velocity tube in a certain flow rangedAnd then, when the gas flow is measured, the differential pressure at two ends of the spraying speed pipe and the temperature and the pressure of the jet gas are measured in real time, and the gas flow in the pipeline can be calculated. The laser Doppler current meter is used for periodically calibrating the spraying speed pipe device, so that the long-term accuracy and stability of the spraying speed pipe device can be ensured.
The laser Doppler current meter of the invention has wide application in current measurement, and has the advantages of high accuracy, non-contact measurement, fast dynamic response and the like.
It is to be understood that while the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that many changes and modifications can be made, or equivalents modified, in the embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (8)
1. An on-line calibratable gas sparge pipe flow measurement apparatus comprising: a pipe section for the passage of gas; a velocity stack mounted within the tube segment, the velocity stack having a first port and a second port; a differential pressure transmitter that measures a pressure difference between a first port and a second port of the spout tube; the method is characterized in that: a transparent window is arranged on the pipe section, and the projection of the transparent window on the pipe wall covers the projection of the second port of the spray velocity pipe on the pipe wall; a laser Doppler current meter is arranged on the outer side of the pipe section, and laser emitted by the laser Doppler current meter penetrates through the transparent window to measure the flow at the second port of the spraying speed pipe; the pipe section is provided with a scattering particle adder, the scattering particle adder is provided with an adding port positioned in the pipe section, particles are scattered out of the adding port, diffused into the pipe section, enter from a first port of the spraying speed pipe and are sprayed out from a second port.
2. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the number of the pipe sections is at least two, and the pipe sections are connected with each other.
3. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: and a pressure transmitter is arranged on the side wall of the pipe section.
4. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 3 wherein: the pressure transmitter is close to the first port of the jet velocity pipe.
5. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the transparent window is a double-layer sealing structure.
6. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the diameter range of the pipe section is 3-3000 mm.
7. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the diameter of the first port of the spray velocity tube is larger than that of the second port.
8. The gas sparge pipe flow measuring apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the shape of the pipe section is one of a circle, a rectangle and a polygon, or any combination of the above shapes.
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| CN106644844B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-02-07 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Particle analyzer calibration method of particle analyzer calibration device for liquid |
| CN107576361A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of heavy caliber pipeline flow measurement device based on LDV |
| CN107816345A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-03-20 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of apparatus and method of well casing gas tolerance metering |
| WO2019163676A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社フジキン | Flow rate control device and flow rate control method |
| CN109916478A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-21 | 银川融神威自动化仪表厂(有限公司) | A kind of calibration of discharge coefficient, meter proof method and normal flow device |
| CN112305257B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2022-11-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Natural gas speed measuring device |
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