CN105863552B - The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug - Google Patents
The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105863552B CN105863552B CN201610341306.2A CN201610341306A CN105863552B CN 105863552 B CN105863552 B CN 105863552B CN 201610341306 A CN201610341306 A CN 201610341306A CN 105863552 B CN105863552 B CN 105863552B
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- Prior art keywords
- packing element
- collar
- sealing ring
- packing
- deformation
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
- E21B33/1216—Anti-extrusion means, e.g. means to prevent cold flow of rubber packing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1208—Packers; Plugs characterised by the construction of the sealing or packing means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/122—Multiple string packers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/128—Packers; Plugs with a member expanded radially by axial pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
Abstract
The present invention relates to field of sealing technology, more particularly to the upper end that can bear high temperature and pressure used in a kind of oil exploitation industry harder packing element, packer and bridge plug.According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of packing element is provided, the hardness of packing element upper end is greater than the hardness of middle part, so that middle part is greater than upper end in the deformation of radial direction in the deformation of radial direction when first axis pressure is born in upper end.The hardness of upper end is greater than the hardness of middle part, and in this way when upper end is by first axis pressure, upper end is more the radial deformation that the first axis pressure is passed to middle part and lower end not for itself.It can allow middle part and lower end that radial deformation occurs when using lesser first axis pressure in this way, to reach the sealing of packing element entirety.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of sealing technology, more particularly to high temperature and pressure can be born used in a kind of oil exploitation industry
The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug.
Background technique
Packer is a kind of key tool that oil field well recovers the oil, and is widely used in oil field dispensing, separate zone stimulation, layering are adopted
Several work, the packers such as oil, mechanical pipe water blockoff need to carry out the packing of annular space, to realize that oil gas is layered, and realize annular space
The core component of packing is packing element.Bridge plug is also a kind of tool of oil gas layering generally used in oil extraction operation.Packer and
The main distinction of bridge plug, which is that packer is usually temporary when pressure break, being acidified, looking for the measures such as leakage construction, to be stayed in well, and bridge
Plug is temporarily or permanently stayed in well in measures such as sealing oil recoveries.Packer and central tube stay well simultaneously, mix that give up can
Individually to stay well, and bridge plug is then individually to stay well.Structurally, packer is hollow structure, can flow freely oil gas water,
And in bridge plug it is then solid construction.
As the tool of Oil-gas Separation, packer and bridge plug require packing element, critical component of the packing element as sealing, matter
Amount directly affects the sealing effect and service life of packer and bridge plug, and conclusive effect is played in packer and bridge plug.
Packing element is generally made of rubber type of material, therefore referred to as packing element.But packing element is only a kind of technology art that the interior agreement of industry becomes social custom
Language, for indicating to play the functional parts of sealing function, and referring not only to packing element can only be made by rubber.When packing element bears one
When fixed pressure is used to seal to promote it to deform, need to consider the deformability of packing element itself, if deformation deficiency will lead to it
Sealing function can not be played；If deformation is excessive, it may cause packing element and fail because of conquassation, lose recovery capability.Most of all,
When packing element underground by high-temperature steam act on when, while packing element is more by high temperature and pressure act on and fail cause to lose
Go recovery capability.
Disclose within 2013 first-phase " oil field equipment " text of " packer rubber barrel structure improves and benefit analysis "
The following contents has been described in chapter: " string has 3 packing elements on common packer, is divided into the packing element structure size of upper, middle and lower 3
Identical and upper lower rubber cylinder is long packing element type, middle packing element is 2 kinds of structure types of short rubber cylinder.It is sent out by the research to traditional three packing element structures
Existing, play main seal is upper packing element ".Also, non-linear point is carried out by non linear finite element analysis software Abaqus
Analysis obtains: " as axial load increases, axial compression amount also increases, and decrement increases more apparent when beginning, and subsequent decrement increases
Slow down greatly, packing element deformation tends towards stability；With the increase of setting force, packing element is gradually increased with casing-contact length.Packing element appearance
Cylinder partial limited radial deformation system, packing element inner surface deformation outward bulge as appearance, when load increases, packing element is crushed
And it is compacted finally.But since structure limits, only upper packing element can be compacted.When operating pressure is 30MPa, upper packing element base
This completely densified, there is slight shoulder in packing element upper end, but packing element does not occur and isolates phenomenon, and shoulder is within allowed band ".
The above-mentioned prior art, which only analyzes, applies first axis pressure (being equivalent to " axial load ") to packing element from top to bottom,
But need to apply packing element first one first axis pressure in the actual production process, to make packing element generate sealing；Then glue
Cylinder will receive the effect of second axial compressive force (impact of the substances such as downhole gas to packing element) from bottom to top.According to invention
The test of people, when axial operating pressure is 30MPa, inventor has found that shoulder can all occur in almost all of upper packing element, then
When further applying the second axial compressive force (such as 15Ma) from bottom to top, all upper packing elements can be generated at shoulder and be cut
It splits, leads to seal failure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of packing elements of new structure design, to prevent packing element seal failure.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of packing element is provided, packing element has centrally located through-hole, is located at the through-hole
The inner surface at place, outer surface corresponding with the inner surface, be located at the upper and lower end at the packing element both ends with
And the middle part between the upper end and the lower end, the upper end are used to bear first axle in axial direction
To pressure, the lower end is used to bear the axial pressure of second opposite with the first axis pressure along the axial direction
Power；When the first axis pressure is applied to the upper end, the upper end, middle part and lower end are in radial direction
Deformation occurs；When second axial compressive force is applied to the lower end, the upper end, middle part and lower end are in diameter
To direction, deformation occurs, and the hardness of the upper end is greater than the hardness of the middle part, so that the upper end bears described the
When one axial compressive force, the middle part is greater than the upper end in the deformation of radial direction in the deformation of radial direction.
Preferably, the hardness of the lower end is greater than the hardness of the middle part, so that the lower end bears described the
When two axial compressive forces, the middle part is greater than the lower end in the deformation of radial direction in the deformation of radial direction.
Preferably, the hardness of the upper end and the lower end is essentially identical, so that the upper end bears described the
When one axial compressive force, the middle part is greater than the upper end and the lower end in radial direction in the deformation of radial direction
Deformation, and when receiving second axial compressive force of the lower end, the middle part is greater than described in the deformation of radial direction
The deformation of upper end and the lower end in radial direction.
Preferably, the packing element is arranged by more than two sealing rings in the axial direction.
Preferably, the packing element is arranged by two sealing rings in the axial direction, and a sealing ring serves as
The upper end, another described sealing ring serve as the lower end and the middle part.
Preferably, the packing element is arranged by three sealing rings in the axial direction, three sealing ring difference
Serve as the upper end, the middle part and the lower end.
Preferably, the packing element is arranged by more than three sealing rings in the axial direction, is distributed in the axis
It is respectively served as the upper end and the lower end to two sealing rings at direction both ends, the remaining sealing ring serves as
The middle part.
Preferably, the sealing ring all has colloid and matrix annular in shape, and described matrix is by cross one another resistance to height
The plurality of fibers silk of warm high pressure forms, and the colloid is bonded each fiber filament, and the colloid is distributed in each described matrix
Surface on so that along the axial direction arrangement the inside and outside of multiple sealing rings be respectively formed the inner surface
The outer surface and.
Preferably, described matrix is graphite packing or carbon fiber packing；
Preferably, each sealing ring is with the radial direction of the packing element at angle β；
Wherein, 5 °≤β≤45 °.
Preferably, packing element further includes about collar, and the about collar is integrally in flared, and the flared end of the about collar is arranged
On the upper end or the lower end, the necking end of the about collar is far from the upper end being arranged by the flared end
Or the lower end is used to bear the first axis pressure or second axial compressive force.
Preferably, the necking end has inside bevelling.
Preferably, come and the flared end by the upper end that the flared end is arranged or the lower end in shrink mouth shape
It matches.
Preferably, the about collar is copper, and the maximum gauge of the flared end is less than or equal to 2mm.
Preferably, the quantity of the about collar is two, and the flared end of one of them about collar is set on described
The flared end of end, another about collar is set on the lower end.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of packer is provided, which has one of above-mentioned technical proposal institute
The packing element of restriction.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of bridge plug is provided, which there is one of above-mentioned technical proposal to be limited
Packing element.
Technical solution provided by the present application at least has the following technical effect that
1, according to the technical solution of the application, the hardness of upper end is greater than the hardness of middle part, in this way upper end by
When first axis pressure, upper end is more that the first axis pressure is passed to middle part and lower end not for itself
Radial deformation.It can allow middle part and lower end that radial become occurs when using lesser first axis pressure in this way
Shape, to reach the sealing of packing element entirety.
2, according to the technical solution of the application, in the case where the hardness of middle part is constant, the application is by the hard of upper end
Degree is set greater than the hardness of middle part, and in this way when the first axis pressure by same size acts on, upper end is in radial direction
The deformation in direction is smaller, it is accordingly required in particular to it is noted that the shoulder that correspondingly upper end is formed by radial deformation is also smaller.It is smaller
Shoulder can be effectively prevented packing element and isolate, achieved the effect that prevent packing element seal failure.
3, in one embodiment, due to including plurality of fibers silk, the sealing ring when filametntary quantity is more in matrix
Partially hard, when filametntary negligible amounts, sealing ring is partially soft, thus can adjust sealing ring according to filametntary quantity
Soft or hard degree can be directly changed the hardness of packing element entirety by changing the hardness of sealing ring in this way, reach and increase packing element
The purpose of compression strength range.
4, the matrix of the application has cross one another fiber filament, and each fiber filament is bonded by colloid.When packing element is by first
Axial compressive force and when expanding, fiber filament will limit the expansion, to increase the structural rigidity of packing element on the whole, increase packing element
Compression strength.
5, this application involves multiple sealing ring axial alignments, if there is individual sealing rings to damage during oil exploitation,
The sealing ring of damage can be changed to new sealing ring, and remaining sealing ring is no longer replaced.So on the whole for, increase
Single sealing ring average use duration can greatly reduce the usage amount of packing element, reduce production cost.
6, when the matrix of the application is selected as packing, existing high-temperature and high-presure resistent packing can be selected, in this way, working as glue
When body and graphite packing or carbon fiber plate root are combined into as sealing ring, packing can integrally play a supporting role, and colloid can rise
The effect reinforced to deformation and sealing.The present invention selects existing packing, and does not have to make the special packing as matrix, energy
Enough flexibilities for increasing production.According to the inventors knowledge, existing graphite packing and carbon fiber packing can be resistant to high temperature and pressure
Effect, but the resilience of graphite packing and carbon fiber packing is poor.In this application, colloidal dispersions are among packing,
Colloid facilitates compressed packing and is sprung back after one axial compressive force disappears, and takes out to be conducive to packing element from underground.
7, the matrix of the application is acted in packing element by first axis pressure so with the radial direction of packing element at angle
When, sealing ring becomes parallel with the radial direction of packing element first, and then sealing ring just carries out radial inwardly or outwardly protrusion.And
In the state that sealing ring is become from heeling condition parallel with radial direction, sealing ring itself can't generate the change of radial direction
Shape, only packing element can generate the deformation of radial direction.In this way, as a whole, the deflection of the radial direction of packing element is increased,
Packing element can be overcome harder and the insufficient defect of radial direction deformation.
Detailed description of the invention
Some specific embodiments of the present invention is described in detail by way of example and not limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.
Identical appended drawing reference denotes same or similar part or part in attached drawing.In attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the compression packer comprising packing element of one embodiment of the invention and the positional relationship of central tube and casing
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the packing element of one embodiment of the invention and the positional diagram of central tube and casing, wherein only showing
A part of packing element, central tube and casing；
Fig. 3 shows packing element shown in Fig. 2 and is applied the shoulder that generates after first axis pressure and central tube and casing
Positional diagram does not also apply a second axial pressure to packing element at this time；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the packing element of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the sealing ring of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the packing element of another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the packing element of further embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is Fig. 6 and packing element shown in Fig. 7 by the compressed structural schematic diagram of first axis pressure；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram for the about collar that one embodiment of the invention is related to；
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram comprising the about packing element of collar of one embodiment of the invention, and it illustrates before compression
The about positional relationship of collar and packing element other parts；
Figure 11 be in Figure 10 packing element by the structural schematic diagram in first axis pressure compression process；
Figure 12 is that packing element is by the compressed structural schematic diagram of first axis pressure in Figure 10, and it illustrates compressed constraints
The positional relationship of set and packing element other parts；
Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of the packing element of three-stage according to an embodiment of the invention.
Appended drawing reference in figure is as follows:
10- packing element, the outer surface 101-, 102- inner surface, 103- through-hole, the upper end 104-, the lower end 105-, among 106-
Portion, 107- shoulder；
108- matrix, 109- colloid, 111- sealing ring；
20- about collar, 21- necking end, 22- flared end；
30- central tube；
40- casing；
50- rigidity spacer ring；
60- protrusion；
200- compression packer；
A- first axial direction；
The second axial direction of B-；
F1First axis pressure；
F2- the second axial compressive force.
Specific embodiment
Direction "upper" described below, "lower" are using Fig. 2 as with reference to describing.
Compression packer 200 as shown in Figure 1 has the packing element 10 of the application.During compression packer 200 is connected to
It is placed on heart pipe 30 in casing 40.The needs of compression packer 200 separate different oil reservoirs, water layer and hold in the wellbore
By certain pressure difference, it is desirable that pit shaft predetermined position can be descended, packing is tight, and can have durability in underground, can be smooth when needing
It rises.
As shown in Fig. 2, packing element 10 is located in the annular space that casing 40 and central tube 30 form, rigid spacer ring 50 is in axial direction
The first axis pressure F of (i.e. first axial direction A) from top to bottom is provided on direction1, can also remove in other embodiments
Rigid spacer ring 50 and by can to packing element 10 apply first axis pressure F1Other components replace.As shown in Fig. 2, 10 liang of packing element
End is upper end 104 and lower end 105, and middle part 106 is between upper end 104 and lower end 105.Upper end 104 is used for
Bear first axis pressure F in axial direction1, lower end 105 be used for bear in axial direction with first axis pressure F1Phase
The second anti-axial compressive force F2.As a part of packing element 10, upper end 104, lower end 105 and middle part 106 should have
It is flexible, as a kind of explanation, as first axis pressure F1When being applied to upper end 104, upper end 104, middle part 106 and under
In radial direction, deformation occurs for end 105；As the second axial compressive force F2When being applied to lower end 105, upper end 104, centre
In radial direction, deformation occurs for portion 106 and lower end 105.In the embodiment depicted in figure 2, upper end 104 and lower end 105 are equal
With bevel edge, it can also be not provided with the bevel edge in other embodiments.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the generally tubular of packing element 10, packing element 10 have centrally located through-hole 103, the through-hole
103 are limited by inner surface 102 and are formed, and outer surface 101 is located at the outside of through-hole 103 corresponding with inner surface 102.When
One axial compressive force F1Upper end 104 or the second axial compressive force F are acted on along first axial direction A2It is acted on along the second axial direction B
When lower end 105,10 entirety of packing element will be axially compressed and be radially expanded and (have with " deformation occurs in radial direction "
Have identical meaning), promote 101 outwardly convex of outer surface and inner surface 102 is inwardly protruding, but is generally outer in timing
The first outwardly convex in surface 101.Applying first axis pressure F1Afterwards, the central tube 30 in inner surface 102 and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 seals,
Casing 40 in outer surface 101 and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 seals.Generally, the gap between inner surface 102 and central tube 30 is smaller (several
Closely it is bonded to each other), and the gap between outer surface 101 and casing 40 is larger, since central tube 30 and casing 40 are respectively by interior table
The maximum raised size of face 102 and outer surface 101 is defined, so causing the degree of 101 outwardly convex of outer surface big
In the inwardly protruded degree of inner surface 102.
As described above, upper end 104, lower end 105 and middle part 106 should have elasticity, but in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 institute
Show in embodiment, the hardness of upper end 104 is greater than the hardness of middle part 106.So first axis pressure F is born in upper end 1041
When, middle part 106 is greater than upper end 104 in the deformation of radial direction in the deformation of radial direction.
Since the hardness of upper end 104 is greater than the hardness of middle part 106, in this way in upper end 104 by first axis pressure
Power F1When, upper end 104 is more by first axis pressure F1Middle part 106 and lower end 105 are passed to not for certainly
The radial deformation of body.Lesser first axis pressure F can used in this way1When middle part 106 and lower end 105 can be allowed to send out
Raw radial deformation, to reach the whole sealing of packing element 10.Inventor in experiments it is found that, if the hardness of upper end 104 is little
In the hardness of middle part 106, then upper end 104 is by first axis pressure F1When, it is more the radial direction change for itself
Shape rather than pass to middle part 106 and lower end 105, as shown in Figure 3, upper end 104 can generate very big shoulder
107.When applying a second axial pressure F again2When, upper end 104 can isolate at the shoulder 107 in Fig. 3.
According to the technical solution of the application, in the case where the hardness of middle part 106 is constant, the application is by upper end 104
Hardness be set greater than the hardness of middle part 106, in this way in the first axis pressure F by same size1When effect, upper end
Portion 104 is smaller in the deformation of radial direction, it is accordingly required in particular to it is noted that correspondingly upper end 104 is formed because of radial deformation
Shoulder 107 is also smaller.Lesser shoulder 107 can be effectively prevented packing element 10 and isolate, and having reached prevents 10 seal failure of packing element
Effect.
Since the radial deformation of upper end 104 is smaller, it is likely that ground, at this time upper end 104 radial direction deformation
It being not enough to seal casing 40 and central tube 30, that is to say, that upper end 104 will no longer play sealing function at this time, and only
It is the first axis pressure F being subject to1Pass to middle part 106 and lower end 105, this be the application packing element 10 and existing skill
One critically important difference of the packing element of art.Moreover, even if the radial deformation of upper end 104 it is larger and by casing 40 and in
Heart pipe 30 seals, and the sealing of upper end 104 at this time is also only to a supplement of the packing element 10 sealing, and no matter upper end 104 is
No to play sealing function, 104 hardness of upper end is greater than the setting of 106 hardness of middle part, it is therefore prevented that shoulder 107 excessive and cause
Packing element 10 isolate, can also use lesser first axis pressure F1Packing element 10 is sealed.
According to the technical solution of the application, in the case where the hardness of middle part 106 is constant, the application is by upper end 104
Hardness be set greater than the hardness of middle part 106, but upper end 104 in this way is in first axis pressure F1It may be simultaneously under effect
It is not contacted with casing 40 and does not play sealing function.It is hard when lower end 105 and middle part 106 under this kind of special construction
When spending essentially identical, the sealing of the packing element of the application is provided by lower end 105 and middle part 106；When lower end 105 and upper end
When the hardness in portion 104 is essentially identical, the sealing of the packing element of the application is provided by middle part 106.The packing element 10 of the application in this way
It is entirely different in the structure to seal with the packing element of the prior art.
It is more preferably upper end when the inner wall of the outer wall and casing 40 of upper end 104 is inconsistent as a preferred embodiment
The outer wall in portion 104 and the inner wall of casing 40 seal, and are covered in middle part 106 to the basic homalographic in the lower part of upper end 104 at this time
Top, difference in the radial direction is substantially not present in upper end 104 and middle part 106, so as to middle part 106 and upper end
104 junction of portion generate it is downward compress effect, prevent or reduce middle part 106 with 104 junction of upper end and shoulder occur.
If " being as described above more by first axis pressure F to reach1Pass to middle part 106 and lower end
Radial deformation of the portion 105 not for itself " and upper end 104 do not generate the effect of shoulder 107, can be used not with deformation
Metal block, such as iron block.If but the diameter of metal block is smaller, can generate bigger shoulder with the middle part 106 of metal block contact
Prominent 107, if metal block is relatively large in diameter, consider the bending situation of casing 40, metal block is not easy to slide into casing 40
Suitable position, and biggish metal block is also not easy to detach out of casing if entering foreign matter in casing 40.From another point of view
It says, lifting force is smaller, cannot detach metal block out of casing 40, lifting force is larger, may damage casing 40.Synthesis is examined
Consider, upper end 104 used in this application has elasticity, but is defined to the elasticity of upper end 104, i.e. upper end 104
Hardness is greater than the hardness of middle part 106, and the diameter that such upper end 104 can be done is smaller, convenient in set in-pipe, such as on
It end 104 can be identical as the diameter of middle part 106.Since upper end 104 is harder, its own be not easy to be formed shoulder 107 or
The shoulder 107 of formation is smaller, due to compression when upper end 104 radial direction gradually extensional and deformation occurs, reduce
Gap between upper end 104 and casing 40, thus reduce or prevent middle part 106 shoulder formation and formation it is big
It is small.
In one embodiment, the hardness of lower end 105 is greater than the hardness of middle part 106, so that lower end 105 bears the
Two axial compressive force F2When, middle part 106 is greater than lower end 105 in the deformation of radial direction in the deformation of radial direction.Based on same
The principle of sample, such structure can prevent lower end 105 from bearing first axis pressure F1Or the second axial compressive force F2When produce
Raw shoulder, and can prevent lower end 105 from further bearing the second axial compressive force F under the case where having generated shoulder2
Shi Zaocheng shoulder becomes larger, to prevent lower end 105 from being isolated and causing 10 seal failure of packing element.
In another embodiment, upper end 104 and the hardness of lower end 105 are essentially identical, that is to say, that upper end
104 are all larger than the hardness of middle part 106 with the hardness of lower end 105, so no matter by first axis pressure F1Or second
Axial compressive force F2When, the deformation of middle part 106 is all larger than upper end 104 and lower end 105.Such structure can make middle part
106 quickly reach sealing state, and prevent upper end 104 and lower end 105 shoulder occurs or prevent upper end 104 with
The shoulder that lower end 105 has generated becomes larger.
In embodiment as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, packing element 10 is by upper end 104, lower end 105 and middle part 106 3
It is grouped as, three sealing rings 111 are respectively served as upper end 104, lower end 105 and middle part 106.Shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
In embodiment, packing element 10 is made of 11 sealing rings 111, and wherein the sealing ring 111 of the top serves as upper end 104, bottom
Sealing ring 111 serve as lower end 105, remaining 9 sealing ring 111 serves as middle part 106.In other embodiments, it forms
The sealing ring 111 of middle part 106 can also be other quantity.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are returned to, packing element 10 can also only there are two close
Seal ring 111 forms, and one of sealing ring 111 serves as upper end 104, another sealing ring 111 serves as lower end 105 and centre
Portion 106.
Come the shape and structure that specifically describe sealing ring 111 below.
Inventors have found that it is soft or hard variant due to packing element 10, for example, it is harder by the packing element 10 that polyether-ether-ketone makes, it reaches
To the first axis pressure F for setting needs1It is larger in other words in the first axis pressure F of nominal amount1Lower rubber cylinder 10 deforms not
Foot, causes packing element 10 that can not play sealing function.When packing element 10 is made using softer colloid, which can be because unbearable
The live in first axis pressure F of nominal amount1And it is crushed or even if is able to bear first axis pressure F1But it is being subsequently subjected to
Second axial compressive force F2When packing element can also be crushed.
Inventor once adulterates multiple high temperature high voltage resistants being separated from each other during solution packing element 10 is softer in colloid
Fiber filament, which can be able to solve the whole partially soft problem of packing element 10 to a certain extent.But inventor further sends out
It is existing, although the fiber filament of doping is each connected with colloid, less, institute is not connected to or connected substantially between each fiber filament
The hardness of packing element 10 can only be increased very limitedly.So inventor devises the following technical solution: using cross one another
Plurality of fibers silk forms a matrix 108, and is distributed in colloid 109 on the surface of matrix 108 and is bonded each fiber filament to carry out shape
At sealing ring 111, the sealing ring 111 of this spline structure has the ductility in radial direction, in other words, since each fiber filament is mutual
Tied up in knots and enable sealing ring 111 in a certain range diameter become larger it is (mainly filametntary disconnected without fracture
Split), during 111 diameter of sealing ring becomes larger, cross one another fiber filament promotes its diameter to become larger for a part is offset
First axis pressure F1, thus to increase the diameter of sealing ring 111 to a certain extent, it is desirable to provide bigger first axle
To pressure F1.Especially, colloid 109 tightly links together the fiber filament of each intersection, to make the straight of sealing ring 111
Diameter increases to a certain extent, it is necessary to bigger first axis pressure F1.For conclusion, each fiber filament intersects to form a resistance
Power, each fiber filament is bonded and forms a resistance again by colloid 109, under the action of the two resistances, the whole ratio of packing element 10
More difficult compression, this is equivalent to packing element 10 and is hardened.When the filametntary quantity in the certain volume of sealing ring 111 is roughly the same,
Inventor's discovery can adjust cross one another filametntary quantity by changing the thickness of sealing ring, and then needed for capable of adjusting
First axis pressure F1Size be applied to packing element 10 setting force size.Likewise it is possible to by increasing sealing ring
Filametntary quantity in 111 certain volume adjusts cross one another filametntary quantity, and then can also adjust required
First axis pressure F1Size.The upper end 104 that above two mode makes, can make the hardness of upper end 104 be greater than
The hardness of middle part 106.
As shown in figure 5, sealing ring 111 includes 109 two parts of matrix 108 and colloid.Fig. 5 is only for the clear need in structure
It wants, and illustrates only the colloid 109 for being coated on 108 all surface of matrix, for example, when the cross section of matrix 108 is round, figure
Colloid 109 in 5 is located on the circumference of matrix 108.The colloid 109 penetrated into inside matrix 108 is not shown in Fig. 5.Matrix 108 is by more
The high-temperature and high-presure resistent fiber filament of root is polymerized, such as fiber filament can be high for other high temperature resistants such as glass fibre or carbon fiber
The material of pressure.In one embodiment, each fiber filament longitude and latitude is woven together and forms matrix 108, it is other be embodiment
In each fiber filament can also be woven together in other ways and form matrix 108.
Through narration above it is found that in the technical solution of the application, not necessarily need the fiber filament that there is elasticity,
This is because the contraction and expansion of packing element 10 are completed by colloid 109.Described above, colloid 109 is distributed in the table of each matrix 108
Each fiber filament is simultaneously bonded by face and inside.It is desired that colloid 109 is bonded every fiber filament, and each fiber filament is handed over
Bond together to fork.
Referring to fig. 4, two ends 104,105 of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, packing element 10 can be by colloids 109 come levelling.Each sealing
Ring 111 is annular in shape on the whole and extends along the axial direction of packing element 10.When the thickness of the colloid 109 between adjacent base 108
Mutually meanwhile, it is capable to make the hardness in same area of packing element 10 essentially identical as much as possible, prevent 10 unbalance stress of packing element and
Locally collapsing.But when as shown in figure 13, when packing element 10 is three-stage, each section of packing element all can be a list
Only packing element, packing element 10 shown in such Figure 13 be equivalent to be spliced in the axial direction by three mutually independent packing elements and
At.Figure 13 only with packing element 10 be three-stage as an example, packing element can also have other sections, such as two sections in other embodiments
Or five sections.
Due to being coated with sealing ring 111 in colloid 109, the matrix 108 of sealing ring 111 has cross one another fiber filament,
Colloid 109 is distributed on the surface of matrix 108 and internal and be bonded each fiber filament.Firstly, being mixed with fiber in colloid 109
Silk, when packing element 10 is by first axis pressure F1Or the second axial compressive force F2And when expanding (inwardly or outwardly), fiber filament will limit
The expansion increases the compression strength of packing element 10 to increase the structural rigidity of packing element 10 on the whole.It especially, is annular shape
Matrix 108 when, when sealing ring 111 is by first axis pressure F1Or the second axial compressive force F2When, each 111 stress of sealing ring
It is relatively uniform, it is therefore prevented that the partial collapse of packing element 10.Also, in one embodiment of the application, between adjacent matrix 108
Colloid 109 thickness it is identical, this ensures that by first axis pressure F1Or the second axial compressive force F2The sealing ring of effect
111 equably hand on power, it is therefore prevented that each section unbalance stress of sealing ring 111 and be crushed.
Referring to Fig. 6, the axial direction for each sealing ring 111 that each sealing ring 111 is bonded and is bonded each other by colloid 109
The sum of length be equal to the length of through-hole 103, to form multiple seal sections.Matrix 108 with a thickness of 1.8cm- in Fig. 5
2.5cm, quantity are 2-12.The quantity of matrix 108 is 5 in a preferred embodiment, the quantity of such sealing ring 111
It is 5.Filametntary diameter is 7-30 μm, thus can be on a sealing ring 111 with the fiber filament of substantial amounts, can pole
The hardness of big raising packing element 10.According to the test of inventor, the thickness of matrix 108 no more than 2cm to be advisable.This is because
Sealing ring 111 is formed inventors have found that needing to penetrate into the glue for forming colloid 109 in matrix 108, but with matrix 108
The permeating speed of the increase glue of thickness will be gradually slack-off.The especially glue infiltration after thickness of matrix 108 is greater than 2.5cm
Speed will be very slow.So in one embodiment, each matrix 108 with a thickness of 2cm, in other embodiments can also be with
For 1.8cm or 2.5cm.
Referring to Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, it illustrates by first axis pressure F1When packing element 10 deformation process.It can from Fig. 6
To find out, there is colloid 109 between two adjacent matrixes 108, be not affected by first axis pressure F in packing element 101When, matrix
108 with the radial direction of packing element 10 at angle β, and β is 10 ° of angles in Fig. 6.In other embodiments, β can also for 5 ° of angles or
45° angle.The reason of β is arranged in the application is, when the whole harder and first axis pressure by nominal amount of sealing ring 111
F1And cause packing element 10 deform it is insufficient and when can not play sealing function, sealing ring 111 first from the radial direction with packing element 10 at
Angle β and the radial direction for becoming sealing ring 111 and packing element 10 is horizontal, and then sealing ring carries out diameter again as shown in Figure 8
To protrusion, such structure can be improved the deformation extent of packing element 10.In the embodiment shown in fig. 7, it is not affected by packing element 10
First axis pressure F1When, matrix 108 is parallel with the radial direction of packing element 10.As shown in figure 8, Fig. 6 and packing element shown in Fig. 7
10 by first axis pressure F1When, shorten in the axial direction, and expanded in radial direction, then again under packing element 10
Pressure F is applied a second axial at end 1052。
In one embodiment of the invention, matrix 108 is graphite packing or carbon fiber packing.Packing (packing) leads to
It is often woven by relatively soft thread, usual sectional area is square or rectangular, circle.In one embodiment, base
The cross section of body 108 is quadrangle, such as square.In other embodiments, the cross section of matrix 108 may be circle.
The about collar 20 of packing element 10 is described in detail below.
With reference to Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12, as shown in figure 9, it is in flared that about collar 20 is whole, with flared end 22
With necking end 21.It is set on upper end 104 and lower end 105 referring to the flared end 22 of Figure 10, about collar 20, in other implementations
In example, flared end 22 can also be only set on one of upper end 104 and lower end 105, whether mainly depend on the end
The deformation that needs restraint is excessive to prevent from deforming in compression process.In figs. 10-12, about the quantity of collar 20 is two,
In the flared end 22 of an about collar 20 be set in upper end 104, the flared end 22 of another about collar 20 is set in lower end
On 105.Referring to Figure 11, the about necking end 21 of collar 20 is used far from upper end 104 or the lower end 105 that end 22 is arranged is flared
In receiving from axial pressure.In Figure 10 and Figure 11, needs only clear in structure and show schematically about collar 20
With the positional relationship of 10 other parts of packing element, in fact, about collar 20 is combined closely with the end of packing element 10, i.e. the two
Between contact with each other.It can be recognized from fig. 12 that bearing first axis pressure F1Afterwards, about collar 20 is whole cylindrical.Also, about
The flared end 22 of collar 20 and the diameter of necking end 21 are essentially identical, and the diameter of the two is identical as the internal diameter of casing 40, this
When packing element 10 outer surface 101 and casing 40 seal, and the inner surface 102 of packing element 10 and central tube 30 seal.
The effect of about collar 20 is extremely important in this application, this is because the axial setting of the sealing ring 111 of the application,
And to 111 generation of sealing ring effect and from axial direction pressure.So, it is however very well possible to ground, positioned at the close of 10 both ends of packing element
Seal ring 111 can be because of first axis pressure F1Or the second axial compressive force F2Effect and in radial direction and central tube 30 and casing 40
Contact in advance causes the sealing ring 111 at 10 middle part of packing element that can not generate radial protrusion because stress is too small.Existed by about collar 20
The constraint of end can make the sealing ring 111 at middle part raised in advance first, when the sealing ring 111 at middle part is by central tube 30 and set
After pipe 40 limits, the sealing ring 111 at both ends occur again radial protrusion and with moving constraint set 20 generate Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 that
The deformation of sample.Or make the sealing ring 111 at middle part raised in advance first, and in the process, the sealing ring 111 at both ends also occurs
Radial protrusion simultaneously generates deformation as Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12 with moving constraint set 20.Above two mode is for preventing
The special design that the both ends of packing element 10 are raised in advance and do.When the design harder with upper end 104 of about collar 20 comes across jointly
When packing element 10, middle part 106 can be made to carry out the preferential deformation of radial direction without fault.
In Figure 10 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 11, the edge of upper end 104 and lower end 105 passes through chamfered, with
About collar 20 is adapted, that is to say, that is flared and 22 upper ends 104 being arranged and lower end 105 is held to come and flaring in shrink mouth shape
End 22 matches.This design of packing element 10 can increase the end of packing element 10 and the contact area of about collar 20, and this kind
The end of design and first axis pressure F1Between there is angle, to need bigger first axis pressure F1Glue could be compressed
Cylinder 10 generates the deformation of nominal amount, a degree of to increase the setting force of needs.As shown in figure 12, when application first axis
Pressure F1Afterwards, packing element 10 will inwardly or outwardly extend to radial direction, and due to the constraint of casing 40, about collar 20 will be at this time
Casing 40 carries out radial expansion in the range of limiting, finally about the flared end 22 of collar 20 by with the basic phase of the diameter of packing element 10
Together, and it is also essentially identical with the internal diameter of casing 40.As shown in figure 11, in compression process, it will form protrusion, in Figure 11 schematically
Show a protrusion 60, in actual compression, the outer surface of packing element 10 101 is whole to be expanded outwardly as protrusion, only this
The raised speed at the middle part of packing element 10 is deliberately faster than its both ends by the design of about collar 20 in one embodiment by application
Raised speed.It is very important, if the about material that is selected as difficult deformation of collar 20, then as shown in Figure 11, when
When continuing compression, protrusion 60 will be contacted with the top edge of about collar 20, and finally cause to shear to protrusion 60, affect packing element 10
Sealing.About collar is selected as copper sheathing in this application, and is no more than in the maximum gauge that upper thickness limit determines flared end 22
2mm, flared end 22 refer in such as Fig. 9 entire horn-like edge, rather than in Fig. 9 the rightmost side that end face.It is such
Restriction enables to about collar 20 not cause to damage to protrusion 60, or damage is more slight.And it is also beneficial to compressing
In the process, 40 pairs of casing about collar 20 is deformed and becomes as shown in Figure 12.It, can not be based on same reason
Using the about collar 20 of perpendicular type as shown in fig. 12 before compression, otherwise about collar 20 also can during compression
Shearing is generated to gradually raised outer surface 101 and the generation of packing element 10 is isolated.In this application, about collar 20 is horn mouth
Shape, during compression, about collar 20 and protrusion 60 be a kind of face contact and it is non-thread contact, greatly reduce protrusion 60 and damage
A possibility that.And as shown in figure 9, necking end 21 has inside bevelling, in compression, bevelling will surround central tube 30, and fall
While to receive first axis pressure F1, such design can be such that wedging ring 20 in an orderly manner, gradually deforms, will not be by first axle
To pressure F1Conquassation suddenly.The application selects about collar 20 to be for another major reason of copper sheathing, in this way by packer
200 from underground out when, copper sheathing is easily deformed, and will not be stuck between casing 40.Based on same reason, also can choose same
Easily-deformable silver is as about collar.
The present invention also provides a kind of packer, which has packing element 10 defined by one of above-mentioned technical proposal.
The present invention also provides a kind of bridge plug, which has packing element 10 defined by one of above-mentioned technical proposal.
So far, although showing those skilled in the art will appreciate that the multiple of the application have been shown and described in detail herein
Example property embodiment still, still can be direct according to present disclosure in the case where not departing from the application spirit and scope
Determine or deduce out many other variations or modifications for meeting the application principle.Therefore, scope of the present application is understood that and recognizes
It is set to and covers all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of packing element (10) suitable for compression packer has centrally located through-hole (103), is located at the through-hole
(103) inner surface (102) at, is located at the packing element at outer surface corresponding with the inner surface (102) (101)
(10) upper end (104) at both ends and lower end (105) and be located at the upper end (104) and the lower end (105) it
Between middle part (106), the upper end (104) is used to bear first axis pressure in axial direction, the lower end
(105) for bearing second axial compressive force opposite with the first axis pressure along the axial direction；When described first
When axial compressive force is applied to the upper end (104), the upper end (104), middle part (106) and lower end (105) exist
Deformation occurs for radial direction；When second axial compressive force is applied to the lower end (105), the upper end (104), in
Between in the radial direction, deformation occurs portion (106) and lower end (105), which is characterized in that
The hardness of the upper end (104) is greater than the hardness of the middle part (106), so that the upper end (104) bear institute
When stating first axis pressure, the middle part (106) is greater than the upper end (104) in radial direction in the deformation of radial direction
Deformation.
2. packing element (10) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The packing element (10) is arranged by more than two sealing rings (111) in the axial direction.
3. packing element (10) according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The packing element (10) is arranged by two sealing rings (111) in the axial direction, a sealing ring
(111) upper end (104) are served as, another described sealing ring (111) serves as the lower end (105) and the middle part
(106)；Or
The packing element (10) is arranged by three sealing rings (111) in the axial direction, three sealing rings (111) point
The upper end (104), the middle part (106) and the lower end (105) are not served as；Or
The packing element (10) is arranged by more than three sealing rings (111) in the axial direction, is distributed in the axial direction
The sealing ring (111) of two of direction both ends is respectively served as the upper end (104) and the lower end (105), remaining
The sealing ring (111) serves as the middle part (106).
4. packing element (10) according to claim 3, which is characterized in that
The sealing ring (111) all has colloid (109) and matrix annular in shape (108), and described matrix (108) is by mutually handing over
The high-temperature and high-presure resistent plurality of fibers silk composition of fork, the colloid (109) are bonded each fiber filament, and the colloid
(109) it is distributed on the surface of each described matrix (108) so that the multiple sealing rings (111) arranged along the axial direction
Inside and outside be respectively formed the inner surface (102) and outer surface (101).
5. packing element (10) according to claim 4, which is characterized in that
Described matrix (108) is graphite packing or carbon fiber packing.
6. packing element (10) according to claim 5, which is characterized in that
The radial direction of each sealing ring (111) with the packing element (10) is at angle β；
Wherein, 5 °≤β≤45 °.
7. packing element (10) according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
About collar (20), the about collar (20) are integrally in flared, and the flared end (22) of the about collar (20) is set in institute
It states on upper end (104) or the lower end (105), the necking end (21) of the about collar (20) is far from by the flared end
(22) upper end (104) or the lower end (105) being arranged are used to bear the first axis pressure or described
Two axial compressive forces.
8. packing element (10) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The necking end (21) has inside bevelling.
9. packing element (10) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
Come and the expansion by the upper end (104) that the flared end (22) is arranged or the lower end (105) in shrink mouth shape
Mouth end (22) matches.
10. packing element (10) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The about collar (20) be it is copper, the maximum gauge of the flared end (22) is less than or equal to 2mm.
11. packing element (10) according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The quantity of the about collar (20) is two, and the flared end (22) of one of them about collar (20) is set on described
The flared end (22) of end (104), another about collar (20) is set on the lower end (105).
12. a kind of compression packer, which is characterized in that including packing element (10) described in one of claim 1-11.
13. a kind of bridge plug, which is characterized in that including packing element (10) described in one of claim 1-11.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610341306.2A CN105863552B (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug |
| CA3023664A CA3023664C (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2017-05-12 | Rubber cylinder having higher hardness in upper end portion, packer, and bridge plug |
| US16/301,727 US20190264531A1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2017-05-12 | Rubber cylinder having higher hardness in upper end portion, packer, and bridge plug |
| PCT/CN2017/084210 WO2017198121A1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2017-05-12 | Rubber cylinder having higher stiffness in upper end portion, packer, and bridge plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610341306.2A CN105863552B (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105863552A CN105863552A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN105863552B true CN105863552B (en) | 2019-05-03 |
Family
ID=56635540
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610341306.2A Active CN105863552B (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190264531A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105863552B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3023664C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017198121A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105863552B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-05-03 | 天鼎联创密封技术（北京）有限公司 | The harder packing element in upper end, packer and bridge plug |
| CN106121582B (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2019-05-03 | 天鼎联创密封技术（北京）有限公司 | Both ends are packing element, packer and the bridge plug of hard sealing ring |
| CN111749640B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学技术大学 | Packer, packer machining method and packer setting method |
| CN111894510B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-03-25 | 西南石油大学 | Combined rubber-cylinder type two-stage ultrahigh pressure sealing packer |
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2016
- 2016-05-20 CN CN201610341306.2A patent/CN105863552B/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190264531A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
| CN105863552A (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| CA3023664C (en) | 2020-08-18 |
| WO2017198121A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
| CA3023664A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
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