Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of there is high-k, high anti-breakdown electric field, high-energy-density and thermal conductive resin
The preparation method of dielectric composite material based on BNT monocrystal nanowire, the present invention can obtain under the conditions of low BNT nano wire content
To the dielectric composite material with high-energy-density.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one to have high-k, high anti-breakdown electric field, high-energy-density and good heat conductive
The dielectric composite material based on BNT monocrystal nanowire of property.
The technical scheme is that
The preparation method of a kind of dielectric composite material based on BNT monocrystal nanowire, preparing draw ratio by hydro-thermal method is 20
The BNT nanometer monocrystalline wire material of-50, after it is chemically modified with dopamine again with vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
P (VDF-HFP) is combined, and obtains dielectric composite material.
The present invention includes following preferred technical scheme:
Preferably in scheme, a diameter of 80-100nm of described BNT monocrystal nanowire.
Preferably in scheme, the average length of described BNT monocrystal nanowire is 2-5 μm.
Preferably in scheme, the BNT monocrystal nanowire that dopamine is modified is relative to the volume integral of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
Number is 2%-13%.
Preferably in scheme, the BNT monocrystal nanowire that dopamine is modified is relative to the volume integral of vinylidene hexafluoropropylene copolymer
Number is 2%-5%.
Preferably in scheme, the thickness of described dielectric composite material is 10-20 μm.
Preferably in scheme, the preparation process of described BNT monocrystal nanowire is: by Bi (NO3)3·5H2O, NaNO3With
Ti(OC4H9)4It is dissolved in CH respectively3COOH, deionized water and CH3CH2In OH, mixing, by molten for the NaOH of 8-10mol/L
Liquid adds above-mentioned mixed solution, stirring, obtains precursor solution, and it is the stainless of liner that precursor solution is put into politef
In steel reactor, seal, keep temperature to be 150-180 DEG C, reaction, cooling, filter, clean, be dried to obtain BNT monocrystalline
Nano wire.
Preferably in scheme, described dopamine is modified the process of BNT monocrystal nanowire and is: by BNT nano wire ultrasonic disperse in wine
Essence, with the mixed solution of deionized water, is reacted, centrifugation after reaction, and vacuum drying is subsequently adding dopamine hydrochloride water-soluble
In liquid, in 50-70 DEG C of stirring, recentrifuge separates, and 50-70 DEG C of vacuum drying, obtains the BNT monocrystalline that dopamine is modified
Nano wire.
Preferably in scheme, described recombination process is: the NBT monocrystal nanowire modified by dopamine adds vinylidene-hexafluoro third
In alkene copolymer solution, after ultrasonic disperse, ball milling disperses further, by suspension flow casting molding, is dried at 70-90 DEG C, obtains
Composite sheets, then at 180-200 DEG C, under 15-20MPa, hot pressing obtains the dielectric composite material of densification.
Preferably in scheme, the concentration of described dopamine hydrochloride aqueous solution is 0.01-0.015mol/L.
The invention still further relates to the dielectric composite material prepared by above-mentioned preparation method.
Wherein, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer solution refers to that vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is dissolved in acetone and dimethyl
The mixed solution obtained in Methanamide (DMF).
Wherein, the volume ratio of acetone and dimethylformamide is most preferably 70:30.
Described BNT is Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3。
For the effect obtaining comprehensive high-k, high anti-breakdown electric field, high-energy-density and thermal conductive resin, most preferably
The BNT monocrystal nanowire that dopamine is modified is 2.37vol% relative to the volume fraction of vinylidene hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The present invention utilizes hydro-thermal reaction, it is thus achieved that a diameter of 80-100nm, and average length is the high length-diameter ratio (20-50) of 2-5 μm
BNT monocrystal nanowire, it is combined with P (VDF-HFP), the dielectric composite material prepared can contain at low ceramic phase
High dielectric constant and high anti-breakdown electric field is realized, it is thus achieved that high energy density under conditions of amount.
It is few that the present invention obtains defect in dielectric composite material, has the mechanical performance of excellence.
The monocrystal nanowire of the present invention can be formed in polymeric matrix and be dislocatedly distributed, thus is prone to form Heat transmission in different directions
Approach, prepares the dielectric composite material that heat conductivity is good.
In the present invention, BNT monocrystal nanowire/P (VDF-HFP) dielectric composite material is at the low ceramic phase content (BNT of 2.73vol%
Monocrystal nanowire) under conditions of, it is thus achieved that the anti-breakdown electric field of 458kV/mm, than the anti-breakdown electric field of pure P (VDF-HFP) polymer
Higher.
Energy density is up to 12.7J/cm3, three times higher more than pure P (VDF-HFP).
This dielectric composite material achieves under conditions of low ceramic phase content (particularly BNT nano wire content is 2.37vol%),
Obtain the anti-breakdown electric field of 458kV/mm, higher than straight polymer P (VDF-HFP) anti-breakdown electric field 398kV/mm, it is achieved
12.7J/cm3High-energy-density.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the BNT monocrystal nanowire of embodiment 1 preparation.Can be seen that synthesized BNT nano wire tool
There is the highest draw ratio.
Fig. 2 is that the dopamine of different content modifies the BNT monocrystal nanowire dielectric composite material that obtain compound with P (VDF-HFP)
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph on surface.(a) 2.37vol%, (b) 5.19vol%, (c) 12.73vol%.It can be seen that along with BNT monocrystalline
The increase of nano wire addition, its surface visible BNT monocrystal nanowire also gets more and more, and they are embedded in polymer uniformly
In matrix, do not find significantly to reunite and other defect.
Fig. 3 is that the dopamine of different content modifies the BNT monocrystal nanowire dielectric composite material that obtain compound with P (VDF-HFP)
Anti-breakdown electric field.It can be seen that content is to obtain the highest anti-breakdown electric field 458kV/mm during 2.37vol%.
Fig. 4 is that the dopamine of different content modifies the BNT monocrystal nanowire dielectric composite material that obtain compound with P (VDF-HFP)
Dielectric constant frequency spectrum.Can be seen that the dielectric constant of complex increases along with the increase of BNT nano wire content.
Fig. 5 is that the dopamine of different content modifies the BNT monocrystal nanowire dielectric composite material that obtain compound with P (VDF-HFP)
The ferroelectric hysteresis loop under 300kV/mm electric field.
Fig. 6 is composite sample energy density under not same electric field.Can be seen that when content is 2.37vol%, the energy of complex
Metric density is rapidly increased to 12.7J/cm3。
Embodiment 3:
The electric performance test of dielectric composite material
Designing a diameter of 2mm of circular port, the center of circle, hole spacing is the metal mask plate of 4mm, and metal mask plate is shaped as square,
The length of side is 30mm.The dielectric composite material suppressed is clipped in the middle of 2 metal mask plates, upper and lower surface symmetry sputtering gold electrode,
Upper and lower surface sputtering time is 10min, it is ensured that gold electrode has enough thickness.Utilize electric impedance analyzer to test its electric capacity to draw
Dielectric constant, result is as shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that the dielectric constant of complex increases along with the increase of BNT nano wire content,
Such as when 1kHz, when in complex, BNT nano wire content is respectively 0, when 2.37,5.19 and 12.73vol%, its dielectric
Constant is respectively 6.9,13.1,16.9 and 21.7.Ferroelectricity analyser is utilized to test its ferroelectric hysteresis loop.Testing result such as Fig. 5
Shown in.Owing to BNT self leakage current is relatively big, therefore when in complex, BNT nano wire content is to 12.73vol%, its ferroelectricity
Ferroelectric hysteresis loop is substantially fat than low content BNT nano wire dielectric composite material, and remanent polarization substantially becomes big, the energy of storage
Lost owing to its major part is lost and cannot be discharged.Therefore dopamine modifies BNT monocrystal nanowire and P (VDF-HFP)
The maximum energy-density of dielectric composite material shows and the general different feature of ceramic nano line, and its energy density is at low content
During BNT nano wire higher, when content increases, its energy density reduces on the contrary.Dopamine modifies the content of BNT nano wire
During 2.37vol%, it is thus achieved that maximum energy density 12.7J/cm3。