CN105850031A - Motor driving device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a motor driving device equipped with a compact and low-cost overvoltage protection means that protects the device from momentary overvoltages. In this motor driving device (10), when an overvoltage occurs the overvoltage is divided between the ends of two series-connected transistors by turning off the transistors (Q3a-Q5b) of both the upper and lower arms, thereby reducing the overvoltage applied to any one of the transistors to one-half of the value if only one were operating, so the transistor can be protected from damage. Furthermore, it is highly likely that switching elements (diodes (D3a-D5b)) will be turned on by the energy of the inductance component of the motor (51) and the induced voltage of the motor (51), but by electrically braking and quickly stopping the motor (51) after the transistors of both the upper and lower arms have turned off, it is possible to minimize the amount of time the switching elements (the diodes) are on.

Description

Motor driver

Technical field

The present invention relates to motor driver.

Background technology

Obtaining in the equipment of DC voltage alternating voltage is carried out rectification, DC voltage becomes according to alternating voltage Dynamic.Particularly, the countermeasure when equipment used in supply voltage easily produces the region of variation no matter voltage rises why Sample, is likely to cause the fault of equipment.Therefore, it is provided with such as patent documentation 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-166815 Publication) disclosed in overvoltage protective unit.This overvoltage protective unit using input tranformer as subsidiary loaded tap-off The transformator of switch (lotus タ ッ プ cutter), the voltage more than threshold value is input to inverter and exceedes regulation During the time, the tap (tap) being accompanied with the transformator of on-load shunting switch is changed to low-pressure side.

Summary of the invention

The problem that invention is to be solved

, although the transformator of on-load shunting switch that is accompanied with as described above is as towards large-scale electrical equipment Transformator is applicable, but is but dfficult to apply to the driving means by the motor of inverter control of household appliances etc..

Additionally, supply voltage to become the excessive required time extremely short, tap as described above conversion excessively spends the time, Accordingly, it is difficult to reliably protect such motor driver.Furthermore, for as semiconductor element, can bear The element that time of overvoltage is shorter, cannot be carried out protection by cut-out based on relay.Though such, but only The pressure meeting improving semiconductor element etc. for the excessive voltage of moment causes high cost and maximization.

Therefore, the problem of the present invention is to provide the small-sized and low one-tenth with the excessive voltage that protection equipment is not subjected to moment The motor driver of this overvoltage protective unit.

Means for solving the above

The motor driver of the 1st viewpoint of the present invention is following motor driver: divided by the multiple phases with motor Respectively with 2 switch elements in series of not corresponding multiple upper underarm connect and constitute, from the junction point being consequently formed respectively To corresponding described phase output voltage, wherein, there is power suppling part, voltage detection department and control portion.Power supply supplies Portion's upwards underarm provides DC voltage Vdc.Voltage detection department is connected in parallel with upper underarm.Control portion makes switch element enter Row ON-OFF action.Additionally, control portion is when the detected value of voltage detection department has exceeded the threshold value of regulation, make up and down The switch element cut-off of arm both sides.

In this motor driver, during the switch element action of any one arm in upper underarm, DC voltage Vdc can apply the switch element of cut-off in supreme underarm, and therefore, when becoming excessive voltage, this excessive voltage applies The probability destroying this switch element to 1 switch element of cut-off is big.

Therefore, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end so that excessive voltage quilt 2 the switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops being connected in series, apply to the excessive voltage of 1 switch element to be reduced to Any one party carries out half during action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

The motor driver of the 2nd viewpoint of the present invention, on the basis of the motor driver of the 1st viewpoint, also has The braking circuit of motor.After the switch element cut-off of control portion underarm both sides on making, motor is braked.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply the mistake to 1 switch element Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

Although additionally, the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the faradism caused due to the rotation of motor Press and cause the probability of switching elements conductive greatly, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, pass through Motor carries out electric braking makes it stop soon, it is possible to consume the energy of inductance composition soon, and, energy Enough make the rotating energy of motor decay soon, shorten the time of switching elements conductive.

The motor driver of the 3rd viewpoint of the present invention is on the 1st viewpoint or the basis of the motor driver of the 2nd viewpoint On, also there is ohmic load and ohmic load connects unit.Ohmic load connects unit by the connection of two switch elements It is attached or the connection between junction point and the ohmic load of two switch elements is cut between point and ohmic load Disconnected.After the switch element cut-off of control portion underarm both sides on making, this junction point is connected with ohmic load.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply the mistake to 1 switch element Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

Although additionally, the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the faradism caused due to the rotation of motor Press and cause the probability of switching elements conductive greatly, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, pass through Making respectively being connected of ohmic load and motor, the inductance composition utilizing ohmic load to consume motor at short notice is had Energy, it is possible to shorten switching elements conductive time.

The motor driver of the 4th viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor of the 1st viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 3rd viewpoint On the basis of driving means, the also rotary shaft with respect to motor carries out the mechanical brake dismounted.Control portion On making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, motor is carried out mechanical braking.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make the respective two ends dividing potential drop of 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply to 1 switch element Excessive voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

Although additionally, the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the induced voltage of rotation based on motor and The probability causing switching elements conductive is big, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, by electricity Machine carries out mechanical braking makes it stop soon, it is possible to make the rotating energy of motor decay, and shortens switching elements conductive Time.

The motor driver of the 5th viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor of the 1st viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 4th viewpoint On the basis of driving means, wherein, control portion when the detected value of voltage detection department has exceeded threshold value, make all of After the switch element of any one arm in 2 switch elements of upper underarm all turns on, all of switch element is made to cut Only.

In this motor driver, by making opening of any one arm in 2 switch elements of all of upper underarm Pass element all turns on, it is possible to make the current reflux from motor, preventing the regeneration of the rotating energy due to motor and While the dc voltage boost caused, the internal driving of motor is utilized to make current attenuation be 0.Then, make all of The switch element cut-off of upper underarm, even if assuming the energy that had due to the inductance composition of motor and based on motor Rotate induced voltage and cause switching elements conductive, it is also possible to shorten its conducting time.

The motor driver of the 6th viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor of the 2nd viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 5th viewpoint On the basis of driving means, wherein, when the detected value of voltage detection department exceedes threshold value in addition to, control portion is not to institute State motor and carry out described braking.

In this motor driver, by the operating of braking being defined to only when overvoltage, thus inhibit need not The motor wanted stops.

The motor driver of the 7th viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor of the 1st viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 6th viewpoint On the basis of driving means, also there is boostrap circuit.Boostrap circuit is for the driving of the upper arm side switch element of upper underarm Power supply and generate the current potential of the low potential side higher than this switch element.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply the mistake to 1 switch element Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.Change and Yan Zhi, as the voltage of unidirectional current splenium (following, to save slightly DC portion), to bear to reach a component pressure The voltage of one times so that be connected in series 2 switch elements are able to bear component pressure (sub-prime is resistance to).

Now, the midpoint potential of upper underarm be to the maximum about a component pressure (if on this, element can destroy, Thus without considering), therefore, for boostrap circuit, on its circuit structure, the common specified of DC portion can be born The design of voltage (that is, one component pressure) is sufficient for.

The motor driver of the 8th viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor of the 1st viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 6th viewpoint On the basis of driving means, also there is insulated power supplies.Insulated power supplies is used for driving the upper arm side switch element of underarm.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply the mistake to 1 switch element Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

Now, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end so that in upper underarm Point current potential maximum (will destroy element), therefore, for insulated electro to about a component pressure on this Source, the design of the common rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) that can bear DC portion is sufficient for.

The motor driver of the 9th viewpoint of the present invention, on the basis of the motor driver of the 1st viewpoint, also has Balancing circuitry.Balanced circuit configurations connect power suppling part and upper underarm a pair DC bus and above-mentioned junction point it Between.Control portion makes switch element carry out ON-OFF action.Additionally, when the detected value of voltage detection department has exceeded regulation Threshold value time, control portion makes the switch element of underarm both sides end.

During the switch element action of any one in upper underarm, DC voltage Vdc can apply in supreme underarm The switch element of cut-off, therefore, when becoming excessive voltage, this excessive voltage applies 1 switch element to cut-off And the probability of destroying this switch element is big.

In this motor driver, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end, Make 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply the mistake to 1 switch element Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

But, DC voltage Vdc is owing to the difference of the impedance of 2 switch elements is without by dividing potential drop equably, therefore, By connecting balancing circuitry so that DC voltage Vdc is by the two ends dividing potential drop substantially uniformly of 2 switch elements.

The motor driver of the 10th viewpoint of the present invention is on the basis of the motor driver of the 9th viewpoint, wherein, Balancing circuitry is configured to the most corresponding with the switch element of multiple upper underarms.

In this motor driver, such as in the case of inverter circuit, upper underarm is connected in parallel by 3, because of This, by being connected balancing circuitry with underarm on each so that when overvoltage DC voltage Vdc by each on underarm The two ends dividing potential drop substantially uniformly of 2 switch elements, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

The excess voltage protection of the 11st viewpoint of the present invention is at the motor driver of the 9th viewpoint or the 10th viewpoint On the basis of, there is switch.Switch the junction point of two switch elements for being connected in series and switch with said two Be attached between the intermediate point of a pair balancing circuitry that element is corresponding or by the junction point of two switch elements and with institute State the connection between the intermediate point of two a pair balancing circuitry corresponding to switch element to cut off.Control portion is at voltage detection department Detected value exceeded regulation threshold value time, connect balancing circuitry.

In this motor driver, by junction point NU, NV, NW and with described junction point NU, NV, NW Between the intermediate point of a pair corresponding balancing circuitry, configuration switchs and only connects balancing circuitry when inverter ends, it is possible to The power consumption of suppression balancing circuitry.

The motor driver of the 12nd viewpoint of the present invention is at the electricity of the 9th viewpoint to any one viewpoint of the 11st viewpoint On the basis of machine actuating device, wherein, balancing circuitry is made up of resistive element.

In this motor driver, owing to resistive element is less expensive, therefore, it is possible to suppression is owing to arranging balance electricity Road and the cost that causes increases.

The effect of invention

In the motor driver of the 1st viewpoint of the present invention, when producing excessive voltage, by making upper underarm both sides Switch element cut-off so that 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, apply extremely The excessive voltage of 1 switch element is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch unit Part damage.

In the motor driver of the 2nd viewpoint of the present invention, when the switch element making upper underarm both sides ends, though The energy so being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the induced voltage caused due to the rotation of motor and cause out The probability closing element conductive is big, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, by motor is carried out Electric braking makes it stop soon, it is possible to shorten the time of switching elements conductive.

In the motor driver of the 3rd viewpoint of the present invention, when the switch element making upper underarm both sides ends, though The energy so being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the induced voltage caused due to the rotation of motor and cause out The probability closing element conductive is big, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, by making ohmic load With being respectively connected of motor, ohmic load is utilized to consume the energy that the inductance composition of motor is had, energy at short notice Enough shorten the time of switching elements conductive.

In the motor driver of the 4th viewpoint of the present invention, when the switch element making upper underarm both sides ends, though The energy so being had due to the inductance composition of motor and the induced voltage caused due to the rotation of motor and cause out The probability closing element conductive is big, but, on making after the switch element cut-off of underarm both sides, by motor is carried out Mechanical braking makes it stop soon, it is possible to shorten the time of switching elements conductive.

In the motor driver of the 5th viewpoint of the present invention, by making in 2 switch elements of all of upper underarm The switch element of any one arm all turn on, it is possible to make the current reflux from motor, preventing due to motor The regeneration of rotating energy and while the dc voltage boost that causes, utilize the internal driving of motor to make the current attenuation be 0.Then, make the switch element of all of upper underarm end, even if assuming had due to the inductance composition of motor Energy and induced voltage and cause switching elements conductive, it is also possible to shorten the time of its conducting.

In the motor driver of the 6th viewpoint of the present invention, by the operating of braking is defined to only in overvoltage Time, thus inhibit unnecessary motor to stop.

In the motor driver of the 7th viewpoint of the present invention, when producing excessive voltage, by making upper underarm both sides Switch element cut-off so that the midpoint potential of upper underarm is up to the degree of a component pressure, therefore, for Boostrap circuit, the design of the common rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) that can bear DC portion is sufficient for.

In the motor driver of the 8th viewpoint of the present invention, when producing excessive voltage, by making upper underarm both sides Switch element cut-off so that the midpoint potential of upper underarm is up to the degree of a component pressure, therefore, for Insulated power supplies, the design of the common rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) that can bear DC portion is sufficient for.

In the motor driver of the 9th viewpoint of the present invention, the switch element of any one in upper underarm is carried out The period of action, DC voltage Vdc can apply the switch element of the cut-off of supreme underarm, therefore, when becoming excessive electricity During pressure, the probability that this excessive voltage applies to destroy this switch element to 1 switch element of cut-off is big.

Therefore, when producing excessive voltage, by making the switch element of upper underarm both sides end so that excessive voltage quilt 2 the switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops being connected in series, apply to the excessive voltage of 1 switch element to be reduced to About half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

But, DC voltage Vdc is owing to the difference of the impedance of 2 switch elements is without by dividing potential drop equably, therefore, By connecting balancing circuitry so that DC voltage Vdc is by the two ends dividing potential drop substantially uniformly of 2 switch elements.

In the motor driver of the 10th viewpoint of the present invention, in the case of inverter circuit, 3 to upper underarm It is connected in parallel, therefore, by balancing circuitry is connected with underarm on each so that the DC voltage when overvoltage Vdc is by the two ends dividing potential drop substantially uniformly of 2 switch elements of underarm on each, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element is exempted from It is damaged.

In the motor driver of the 11st viewpoint of the present invention, by junction point NU, NV, NW and with described company Between the intermediate point of a pair balancing circuitry that contact NU, NV, NW are corresponding, configuration switchs and only connects when inverter ends Connect balancing circuitry, it is possible to the power consumption of suppression balancing circuitry.

In the motor driver of the 12nd viewpoint of the present invention, owing to resistive element is less expensive, therefore, it is possible to The cost that suppression causes owing to arranging balancing circuitry increases.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is overall structure and the electricity of the system of the motor driver of the 1st embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the circuit structure of machine actuating device.

Fig. 2 A is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver operates voltage.

Fig. 2 B is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver stops voltage.

Fig. 3 is overall structure and the electricity of the system of the motor driver of the 2nd embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the circuit structure of machine actuating device.

Fig. 4 is overall structure and the electricity of the system of the motor driver of the 3rd embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the circuit structure of machine actuating device.

Fig. 5 be the system illustrating the motor driver that have employed other embodiments of the present invention overall structure and The block diagram of the internal structure of motor driver.

Fig. 6 is to illustrate that applying is to the relation between the voltage and the electric current flowing through electrolysis condenser at electrolysis condenser two ends The curve chart of voltage/current characteristic.

Fig. 7 A is the curve chart of the control of the change being shown for DC voltage Vdc.

Fig. 7 B is to be loaded into have snowslide in the curve chart of the control representing the change for DC voltage Vdc of Fig. 7 A The curve chart of the change of the voltage Vds at the two ends of the semiconductor element in region.

Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the major part of the motor driver with boostrap circuit.

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the major part of the motor driver with insulated power supplies.

Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of the major part of the motor driver with charge pump circuit.

Figure 11 is the block diagram of the circuit structure of the motor driver of the 4th embodiment illustrating the present invention.

Figure 12 A is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver operates voltage.

Figure 12 B is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver stops voltage.

Figure 12 C be illustrate motor driver stop after, upper underarm is applied when being connected to balancing circuitry the mode of voltage Figure.

Figure 13 is the block diagram of the circuit structure of the motor driver of the 5th embodiment illustrating the present invention.

Figure 14 be illustrate the motor driver of other embodiment stop after, when being connected to balancing circuitry to upper underarm Execute the figure of alive mode.

Detailed description of the invention

Hereinafter, referring to the drawings embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.Additionally, implementation below is the present invention's Concrete example, does not limit the technical scope of the present invention.

(the 1st embodiment)

(1) summary

Fig. 1 is the entirety of the system 100 of the motor driver 10 of the 1st embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the internal structure of structure and motor driver 10.In Fig. 1, system 100 is by motor driver 10 Constitute with motor 51.

(1-1) motor 51

Motor 51 is three-phase brushless DC motor, has stator 52 and rotor 53.Stator 52 includes the U of star-star connection Phase, V phase, driving coil Lu, Lv, Lw of W phase.Each one end driving coil Lu, Lv, Lw respectively with from inverse Become the U phase of device 25 extension, V phase, coil terminals TU of the respective wiring of W phase, TV, TW connection.Respectively drive The other end of moving winding Lu, Lv, Lw is connected with each other as terminal TN.Driving coil Lu, Lv, Lw of this three-phase Rotated by rotor 53 and make to produce and rotate the induced voltage that speed is corresponding with the position of rotor 53.

Rotor 53 includes the permanent magnet of the multiple poles being made up of N pole and S pole, relative to fixed centered by rotary shaft Son 52 rotates.

Additionally, the compressor electric motor of motor 51 e.g. heat pump type air conditioner, fan electromotor.

(1-2) motor driver 10

As it is shown in figure 1, motor driver 10 has: rectification part 21；Smoothing capacity device 22；Voltage detection department 23；Current detecting part 24；Inverter 25；Gate driver circuit 26；And control portion 40.Above-mentioned part can also For example, be mounted on 1 printed base plate.

(2) detailed construction of motor driver 10

(2-1) rectification part 21

Rectification part 21 is configured to bridge like by 4 diodes D1a, D1b, D2a, D2b.Specifically, diode D1a with D1b, D2a with D2b are in series with each other to be connected.The respective cathode terminal of diode D1a, D2a is all with flat The positive side terminal of sliding capacitor 22 connects, and the positive side lead-out terminal as rectification part 21 plays a role.Diode D1b, The respective anode terminal of D2b is all connected with the minus side terminal of smoothing capacity device 22, and the minus side as rectification part 21 exports Terminal plays a role.

The junction point of diode D1a and diode D1b is connected with a pole of source power supply 91.Diode D2a and The junction point of diode D2b is connected with another pole of source power supply 91.Rectification part 21 is to defeated from source power supply 91 The alternating voltage gone out carries out rectification and generates unidirectional current, and unidirectional current is supplied to smoothing capacity device 22.

(2-2) smoothing capacity device 22

One end of smoothing capacity device 22 is connected with the positive side lead-out terminal of rectification part 21, the other end and rectification part 21 Minus side lead-out terminal connects.Smoothing capacity device 22 is smoothed by the voltage after rectification part 21 rectification.Hereinafter, For convenience of description, it is referred to as DC voltage Vdc by being smoothed the voltage after capacitor 22 smooths.

DC voltage Vdc is applied to the inverter 25 being connected with the outlet side of smoothing capacity device 22.That is, rectification part 21 and smooth capacitor 22 constitute the power suppling part 20 for inverter 25.

It addition, as the kind of capacitor, electrolysis condenser and thin film capacitor, Tantal condenser etc. can be enumerated, In the present embodiment, use thin film capacitor as smoothing capacity device 22.

(2-3) voltage detection department 23

Voltage detection department 23 is connected with the outlet side of smoothing capacity device 22, for detecting the two ends of smoothing capacity device 22 The voltage i.e. value of DC voltage Vdc.Voltage detection department 23 is such as configured to two resistance that will be connected in series with each other It is connected in parallel with smoothing capacity device 22, DC voltage Vdc is carried out dividing potential drop.The connection each other of the two resistance The magnitude of voltage of point is transfused to control portion 40.

(2-4) current detecting part 24

Current detecting part 24 is connected between smoothing capacity device 22 and inverter 25, and is and smoothing capacity device 22 Minus side lead-out terminal side connect.Current detecting part 24 will flow through the current of electric of motor 51 after motor 51 starts Im detects as the aggregate value of the electric current of three-phase.

Current detecting part 24 can also be such as by employing shunt resistance and the computing both end voltage of this resistance amplified The amplifying circuit of amplifier is constituted.The current of electric detected by current detecting part 24 is transfused to control portion 40.

(2-5) inverter 25

Inverter 25 with respectively with the U phase of motor 51, V phase and W phase drive coil Lu, Lv, Lw corresponding 3 Individual upper underarm is parallel with one another, and is connected with the outlet side of smoothing capacity device 22.

In Fig. 1, inverter 25 includes multiple IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor, hereinafter simply referred to as transistor) Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b and multiple backflow diode D3a, D3b, D4a, D4b, D5a, D5b。

Transistor Q3a and Q3b, Q4a and Q4b, Q5a and Q5b are constituted on each by being connected in series with each other respectively Underarm, and, output lead is respectively facing the driving line of corresponding phase from junction point NU, NV, the NW being consequently formed Circle Lu, Lv, Lw extend.

Each diode D3a～D5b is connected in parallel with each transistor Q3a～Q5b as follows: the collection of transistor The cathode terminal of electrode terminal and diode connects, and the emitter terminal of transistor and the anode terminal of diode connect. The transistor and the diode that are connected in parallel respectively by this constitute switch element.

Inverter 25 is applied to the unidirectional current from smoothing capacity device 22 via DC bus (power line 801,802) Press Vdc, and each transistor Q3a～Q5b turn in the timing indicated by gate driver circuit 26 and end, Thus generate driving voltage SU, SV, the SW for driving motor 51.This driving voltage SU, SV, SW are from each Transistor Q3a and Q3b, Q4a and Q4b, each junction point NU, NV, NW of Q5a and Q5b export to motor 51 Driving coil Lu, Lv, Lw.

Although additionally, the inverter 25 of present embodiment is voltage source inverter, but being not limited to this, it is also possible to It it is current source inverter.

(2-6) gate driver circuit 26

Gate driver circuit 26, according to the command voltage Vpwm from control portion 40, makes each crystal of inverter 25 The conducting of pipe Q3a～Q5b and the state change of cut-off.Specifically, gate driver circuit 26 generates to each crystal Grid-control voltage Gu, Gx, Gv, Gy, Gw, Gz that the grid of pipe Q3a～Q5b applies so that from inverter 25 There is driving voltage SU, SV, SW of the pulse type of the dutycycle determined by control portion 40 to motor 51 output.Institute Grid-control voltage Gu, Gx, Gv, Gy, Gw, the Gz generated is applied to the grid of each transistor Q3a～Q5b Terminal.

(2-7) control portion 40

Control portion 40 is connected with voltage detection department 23, current detecting part 24 and gate driver circuit 26.In this enforcement In mode, control portion 40 is the part driving motor 51 in no-rotor position sensor mode.Additionally, do not limit In no-rotor position sensor mode, therefore can also carry out with approach sensor.

No-rotor position sensor mode refers to following manner: uses and represents the various parameters of characteristic of motor 51, electricity The testing result of voltage detection department 23, the testing result of current detecting part 24 and motor 51 after machine 51 starting The mathematical model etc. controlling relevant regulation, carry out rotor-position and the estimation of rotating speed, PI for rotating speed controls, The mode being driven for the PI control etc. of current of electric.As the various parameters of the characteristic representing motor 51, The used winding resistance of motor 51, inductance composition, induced voltage, number of poles etc. can be enumerated.Additionally, about No-rotor position sensor controls to there is many patent documentations, and therefore, details refer to these patent documentation (examples As, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2013-17289 publication).

Additionally, control portion 40 monitors the detected value of voltage detection department 23, when the detected value of voltage detection department 23 exceedes During the threshold value specified, also carry out protecting control, make transistor Q3a～Q5b end.

(2-8) braking circuit 61

In Fig. 1, braking circuit 61 is made up of 3 transistors 61u, 61v, 61w.Transistor 61u be connected to by The midway of the wiring that the driving coil Lu of U phase is connected with shared junction point N.Transistor 61v is connected to V phase The midway of the wiring that driving coil Lv is connected with shared junction point N.Transistor 61w is connected to the driving line of W phase The midway of the wiring that circle Lw is connected with shared junction point N.Additionally, transistor 61u～61w uses two poles with backflow respectively Pipe connects.

3 respective base stages of transistor 61u, 61v, 61w are connected with control portion 40 via holding wire.

In the period that motor 51 normally rotates, control portion 40 is to 3 respective base stages of transistor 61u, 61v, 61w Not output drive signal, therefore, is non-between 3 respective colelctor electrode-emitter stages of transistor 61u, 61v, 61w Conducting state.

But, when control portion 40 is to 3 transistor 61u, 61v, 61w respective base stage output drive signals, Become conducting state between each colelctor electrode-emitter stage, drive coil Lu, Lv, Lw connected, thus to motor 51 are braked.

(3) action of motor driver 10

Hereinafter, the action to motor driver 10 illustrates.In Fig. 1, control portion 40 is to gate driver circuit 26 carry out waveform output, and, control the state of this waveform output, drive motor 51 with regulation rotating speed.

Fig. 2 A is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver 10 operates voltage, and Fig. 2 B is to show Go out the figure of the mode that when motor driver 10 stops, upper underarm is applied voltage.

As shown in Figure 2 A, in operating, at transistor Q3a and the driving coil of the upper arm corresponding with driving coil Lu The transistor Q4b of the underarm that Lv the is corresponding and transistor Q5b of the underarm corresponding with driving coil Lw turns on The period of action, switch element that DC voltage Vdc applies to the cut-off of underarm on each (transistor Q3b, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3b, D4a, D5a).

Now, in the case of DC voltage Vdc becomes excessive voltage, this excessive voltage can apply to the switch ended The transistor of element and diode.If by a switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b) Component pressure be set as Vr, then as DC voltage Vdc ＞ component pressure Vr, the transistor Q3a of switch element～ Probability destroyed for Q5b or diode D3a～D5b is big.

Therefore, when control portion 40 is judged as the threshold value that the detected value of voltage detection department 23 has exceeded regulation, make up and down Transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b cut-off of arm both sides.

Thus, as shown in Figure 2 B, excessive voltage is connected in series 2 switch elements (transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b, diode D3a, D3b, D4a, D4b, D5a, D5b) respective two ends dividing potential drop. Such as, partial pressure value V1 apply to upper arm switch element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) two ends, partial pressure value V2 apply to underarm switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) two ends.In the ideal case, if the impedance of each switch element is equal, then V1=V2, therefore, Apply to the excessive voltage of 1 switch element to be reduced to half when any one party carries out action such that it is able to protection Each switch element damage.

And then, control portion 40 make transistor Q3a～Q5b cut-off after, to 3 transistor 61u of braking circuit 61, 61v, 61w respective base stage output drive signal, makes to become conducting state between each colelctor electrode-emitter stage.Its knot Fruit is that motor 51 is braked.

The purpose being braked motor 51 is because, the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and base The probability causing diode D3a～D5b of switch element to turn in the induced voltage of rotation of motor 51 is big.I.e. Make hypothesis diode D3a～D5b turn on, make it stop soon by motor 51 is carried out electric braking, also can Enough shorten the time of diode D3a～D5b conducting.

Additionally, in the present embodiment, when the detected value of voltage detection department 23 exceedes threshold value in addition to, control portion Motor 51 is not braked by 40.That is, by the operating of braking is defined to only when overvoltage, thus inhibit Unnecessary motor stops.

The feature of (4) the 1st embodiments

(4-1)

In motor driver 10, when produce excessive voltage time, by make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a～ Q5b ends so that the respective two ends dividing potential drop of 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series, and applies to 1 The excessive voltage of switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) is reduced to any one party and carries out Half during action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.

(4-2)

In motor driver 10, although the energy that had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and due to motor Induced voltage that the rotation of 51 causes and the probability that causes diode D3a～D5b to turn on is big, but, make up and down After transistor Q3a～the Q5b cut-off of arm both sides, it is made to stop soon by motor 51 is carried out electric braking, The time of diode D3a～D5b conducting can be shortened.

(the 2nd embodiment)

(1) summary

Fig. 3 is the entirety of the system 100 of the motor driver 10 of the 2nd embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the internal structure of structure and motor driver 10.

In Fig. 3, the motor driver 10 of the 2nd embodiment is provided with ohmic load 71 and relay circuit 73 To replace the braking circuit 61 in the 1st embodiment shown in Fig. 1.Therefore, herein, to ohmic load 71 with continue Appliance circuit 73 illustrates, key element in addition due to the 1st embodiment (knot in addition to braking circuit 61 Structure) identical, therefore, title that labelling is identical and label, and omit detail explanation.

(2) detailed construction of motor driver 10

(2-1) ohmic load 71

In Fig. 3, ohmic load 71 is made up of 3 resistive elements 71u, 71v, 71w.Resistive element 71u connects Midway in the circuit that the driving coil Lu of U phase is connected with shared junction point N.Resistive element 71v be connected to by The midway of the circuit that the driving coil Lv of V phase is connected with shared junction point N.Resistive element 71w is connected to W phase The midway of circuit that is connected with shared junction point N of driving coil Lw.Generally, each circuit above-mentioned is by relay electricity Road 73 cuts off.

(2-2) relay circuit 73

Relay circuit 73 includes driving coil Lu, Lv, the Lw of each phase of motor 51, makes connection corresponding with them The circuit of each resistive element 71u, 71v, 71w electrically disconnect and close relay tip 73a, make relay Device contact 73a carries out the relay coil 73b of action and is energized relay coil 73b and cold crystalline substance Body pipe 73c.One end of relay coil 73b is connected with the positive pole of driving power Vb, the other end and transistor 73c Colelctor electrode side connect.The presence or absence of the base current of control portion 40 switching transistor 73c, makes collector and emitter Between turn on and end, carry out the energising to relay coil 73b and no power.

(3) action of motor driver 10

Hereinafter, the action to motor driver 10 illustrates.Additionally, to when control portion 40 is judged as that voltage is examined The detected value in survey portion 23 make at the transistor Q3a of underarm both sides～Q5b cut-off when having exceeded the threshold value of regulation till with 1st embodiment is identical, therefore omits the description.

After control portion 40 makes transistor Q3a～Q5b cut-off, defeated to the base stage of the transistor 73c of relay circuit 73 Go out to drive signal, make to become conducting state between each colelctor electrode-emitter stage.Now, relay coil 73b is swashed Encouraging, relay tip 73a closes, and connects resistive element 71u and the driving coil Lu or resistive element 71v of U phase With the driving coil Lv of V phase, and then connect resistive element 71w and the driving coil Lw of W phase, utilize resistive element 71u, 71v, 71w consume the energy that the inductance composition of motor 51 is had at short notice, to carry out electric braking.

Although the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and induced voltage and cause diode D3a～D5b The probability of conducting is big, but, even if assuming diode D3a～D5b conducting, by utilize resistive element 71u, 71v, 71w consume the energy that the inductance composition of motor 51 is had at short notice, it is also possible to shorten diode D3a～ The time of D5b conducting.

The feature of (4) the 2nd embodiments

(4-1)

In motor driver 10, when produce excessive voltage time, by make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a～ Q5b ends so that 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～ D5b) respective two ends dividing potential drop, applies to 1 switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) Excessive voltage be reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to the transistor of protection switch element Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b damage.

(4-2)

In motor driver 10, although the energy that had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and due to motor The induced voltage that causes of rotation and the probability that causes diode D3a～D5b to turn on is big, but, underarm on making After the transistor cutoff of both sides, by utilizing resistive element 71u, 71v, 71w to consume motor 51 at short notice The energy that inductance composition is had, it is possible to shorten the time of diode D3a～D5b conducting.

(the 3rd embodiment)

(1) summary

Fig. 4 is the entirety of the system 100 of the motor driver 10 of the 3rd embodiment illustrating and have employed the present invention The block diagram of the internal structure of structure and motor driver 10.

In Fig. 4, in the motor driver 10 of the 3rd embodiment, by the 1st embodiment shown in Fig. 1 In electric braking circuit 61 unload after structure in, be newly provided with and can dismount relative to the output shaft of motor 51 Mechanical brake 81.Therefore, herein, illustrating brake 81, key element in addition is due to the 1st Embodiment (structure in addition to braking circuit 61) is identical, therefore, and title that labelling is identical and label, and omit Detail explanation.

(2) structure of motor driver 10

Brake 81 is mechanical brake, is made up of electromagnetic clutch 83 and load 85, wherein, load 85 via Electromagnetic clutch 83 is connected with the rotary shaft of motor 51.Electromagnetic clutch 83 is believed according to the driving from control portion 40 Number, the rotary shaft of motor 51 and load 85 are linked up or release rotary shaft and the link of load 85 of motor 51.

Due to the revolving force decay of load 85 rotors 53 to be made, therefore had enough by the rotor 53 comparing motor 51 The rotating disk of big rotary inertia or rotary damper are constituted.Certainly, it is not limited to rotating disk and rotary damper, As long as load 85 can make the revolving force of rotor 53 decay.

(3) action of motor driver 10

Hereinafter, the action to motor driver 10 illustrates.Additionally, until when control portion 40 is judged as voltage Till the detected value of test section 23 makes at the transistor Q3a of underarm both sides～Q5b cut-off when having exceeded the threshold value of regulation Identical with the 1st embodiment, therefore omit the description.

Control portion 40, after making transistor Q3a～Q5b cut-off, makes electromagnetic clutch 83 carry out action, by motor 51 Rotary shaft and load 85 couple together.

Now, the inductance composition of motor 51 is had energy and the rotating energy of motor 51 are as load 85 to be made Rotate energy and be consumed at short notice.

Although the energy being had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and causing owing to rotating the induced voltage that causes The probability of diode D3a～D5b conducting is big, but, even if assuming diode D3a～D5b conducting, by making electricity Energy that the inductance composition of machine 51 is had and the energy that the rotating energy of motor 51 rotates as load 85 to be made and It is consumed at short notice, it is also possible to shorten the time of diode D3a～D5b conducting.

The feature of (4) the 3rd embodiments

(4-1)

In motor driver 10, when produce excessive voltage time, by make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a～ Q5b ends so that 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～ D5b) respective two ends dividing potential drop, applies to 1 switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) Excessive voltage be reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to the transistor of protection switch element Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b damage.

(4-2)

In motor driver 10, although the energy that had due to the inductance composition of motor 51 and owing to rotating The induced voltage that causes and the probability that causes diode D3a～D5b to turn on is big, but, the both sides of underarm on making Transistor Q3a～Q5b cut-off after, by utilizing mechanical brake 81 to consume the inductance of motor 51 at short notice Energy that composition is had and the rotating energy of motor 51, it is possible to shorten the time of diode D3a～D5b conducting.

Other ＞ of ＜

(A)

In the 1st embodiment, the 2nd embodiment and the 3rd embodiment, it is following such structure: electricity is set Brake or mechanical brake, consume the inductance composition of motor 51 at short notice by being braked motor 51 The energy being had and the rotating energy of motor 51, to shorten what switch element (diode D3a～D5b) turned on Time.

But, from cost and structure from the viewpoint of, there is also the feelings that braking circuit or mechanical brake cannot be set Condition.Under such circumstances, it is effective for carrying out following such control.

Such as, when the detected value that control portion 40 is judged as voltage detection department 23 has exceeded threshold value, make on all of The transistor of any one arm in 2 transistors Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b of underarm is all led After Tong, all of transistor Q3a～Q5b is made to end.

Any one by make in 2 transistors Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b of all of upper underarm The transistor of individual arm all turns on, it is possible to make the current reflux from motor 51, is preventing due to the rotation of motor 51 The regeneration of energy and while the dc voltage boost that causes, utilize the internal driving of motor 51 to make current attenuation be 0.

Then, make transistor Q3a～Q5b of all of upper underarm end, even if assuming owing to the inductance of motor 51 becomes The energy being had and the induced voltage of motor 51 is divided to cause diode D3a～D5b to turn on, it is also possible to shorten it The time of conducting.

(B)

(B-1) summary

Fig. 5 is the entirety of the system 100 of the motor driver 10 illustrating and have employed other embodiments of the present invention The block diagram of the internal structure of structure and motor driver 10.

In Fig. 5, in the motor driver 10 of present embodiment, from the 1st embodiment shown in Fig. 1 In structure after being unloaded by braking circuit 61, newly it is provided with the relay circuit 75 for line of cutting off the electricity supply.Additionally, Using smoothing capacity device as electrolysis condenser 77.Therefore, herein, to relay circuit 75 and electrolysis condenser 77 Illustrate, key element in addition due to identical with the 1st embodiment (structure in addition to braking circuit 61), Therefore, title that labelling is identical and label, and omit detail explanation.

(B-2) structure of motor driver 10

(B-2-1) relay circuit 75

In Fig. 5, relay circuit 75 makes power line 801 disconnect and close.Herein, make power line 801 disconnect and Guan Bi refers to, power line 801 is turned on or cuts off become non-conduction.

As it is shown in figure 5, relay circuit 75 include making power line 801 disconnect and close relay tip 75a, Relay tip 75a is made to carry out the relay coil 75b of action and relay coil 75b is energized and obstructed The transistor 75c of electricity.

One end of relay coil 75b is connected with the positive pole of driving power Vb, the other end and the collection of transistor 75c Electrode side connects.The presence or absence of the base current of control portion 40 switching transistor 75c, makes between collector and emitter Conducting and cut-off, carry out the energising to relay coil 75b and no power.

Generally, relay circuit 75 makes power line 801 close, and becomes conducting state.On the other hand, the most electric During pressure, the signal that relay circuit 75 receives from control portion 40 exports thus line 801 of cutting off the electricity supply.

(B-2-2) electrolysis condenser 77

Electrolysis condenser 77 is the electrolysis condenser being connected in parallel with inverter 25.Herein, at relay circuit 75 The period of about 10msec to line 801 of cutting off the electricity supply, electrolysis electricity after control portion 40 receives signal output Container 77 is applied in the state of overvoltage to be continued.I.e., it is assumed that such probability: detect at voltage detection department 23 Period cut off the electricity supply line 801 to relay circuit 75 after overvoltage, overvoltage value exceedes electrolysis condenser 77 Pressure.

Fig. 6 is applied to the pass between the voltage at the two ends of electrolysis condenser 77 and the electric current flowing through electrolysis condenser 77 The curve chart of the voltage/current characteristic of system.

In Fig. 6, in the case of electrolysis condenser 77, when applying the pressure voltage higher than oxidation overlay film, implement Form the chemical conversion treatment (voltage now is referred to as formation voltage (chemical conversion)) of oxidation overlay film, flow through electrochemical capacitor Electric current in device 77 increases.

Wherein, electrolysis condenser 77 will not be destroyed at about 10msec, and its both end voltage is clamped at formation voltage.

(B-3) action of motor driver 10

Fig. 7 A is the curve chart of the control of the change being shown for DC voltage Vdc.In Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 A, work as direct current When voltage Vdc rises, the detected value of voltage detection department 23 exceedes overvoltage threshold, control portion 40 is via relay electricity Power line 801 is cut off by road 75.

Although about the 10msec cutting off the electricity supply line 801 to the relay tip 75a of relay circuit 75 It is pressure that period DC voltage Vdc can exceed capacitor, but DC voltage Vdc is clamped at formation voltage (generally electricity About 1.3～1.5 times that container is pressure).Herein, if by thyristor (transistor, diode) Component pressure is redefined for the value of the formation voltage higher than capacitor, then during this voltage clamp in, relay connects Power line 801 can be cut off by some 75a, and therefore, it is pressure that DC voltage Vdc is not up to semiconductor element.

Therefore, the both end voltage at electrolysis condenser 77 is clamped at the period of formation voltage, it is possible to will be to inverter 25 Overvoltage suppressings applied are at the formation voltage of electrolysis condenser 77, and in during this period, relay circuit 75 will Power line 801 cuts off, thereby, it is possible to prevent electrolysis condenser 77 from wrecking, and can reduce inverter Not there is as the transistor (IGBT) of 25 stress of the semiconductor element of avalanche region.

Additionally, avalanche region refers to, quasiconductor exceed a certain pressure and district of phenomenon that carrier is drastically flowed Territory.

It follows that Fig. 7 B is to be loaded in the curve chart represent the control of the change for DC voltage Vdc of Fig. 7 A There is the curve chart of the change of the voltage Vds at the semiconductor element two ends of avalanche region.In Fig. 7 B, such as, inciting somebody to action In the case of the transistor of inverter 25 is replaced by IGBT and uses MOSFET, the voltage Vds at MOSFET two ends by DC voltage Vdc typically can be become to be above in generation impact based on wiring inductance or boost action etc..Further, electricity Pressure Vds rises along with the rising of the DC voltage Vdc of the rising along with supply voltage.

In the case of Gai, even if assuming the semiconductor element pressure formation voltage less than electrolysis condenser at MOSFET In the case of, before the both end voltage of electrolysis condenser 77 is clamped at formation voltage, voltage Vds has just exceeded and has partly led When body member is pressure, owing to voltage Vds can be clamped at avalanche voltage, therefore, during this period, electrolysis condenser The both end voltage of 77 also can be clamped at formation voltage, and then, power line 801 is cut off by relay tip 75a.

As it has been described above, the period of about the 10msec being cut off to power line 801, snowslide action is utilized Bear overvoltage, it is therefore not necessary to making MOSFET is high-voltage part part.

Additionally, be clamped at formation voltage by the both end voltage making electrolysis condenser 77, it is possible to suppression MOSFET Avalanche energy.

(C)

In the 3rd embodiment, although only used mechanical brake but it also may in the lump use the 1st embodiment, Brake (electric brake) as 2nd embodiment.

(D)

(D-1) problem during charge pump circuit 46 is used

In above-mentioned 1st, the 2nd and the 3rd embodiment, the overvoltage protection of the switch element of above underarm is attached most importance to It is illustrated.But, in actual use, overvoltage is not limited to switch element, further relates to gate driver circuit The output circuit of 26.

Particularly, use electric charge pump mode as make upper arm side switch element driving power (with carry out changing Upper underarm junction point current potential improves grid potential accordingly) mode in the case of, constitute charge pump circuit switch Deng pressure pressure degree (that is, the journey of DC voltage Vdc time usual being typically designed to a switch element Degree), therefore, final resistance to compaction force is limited in the pressure of the switch etc. of composition charge pump circuit (with reference to Figure 10) Strength.

In Figure 10, in charge pump circuit 46, the 1st switch element 465 is made to turn on, the 2nd switch element 466 Cut-off, is thus charged the 1st capacitor 461.Then, make the 1st switch element 465 end, the 2nd switch Element 466 turns on, and thus the electric charge accumulated in the 1st capacitor 461 is transferred to the 2nd capacitor 462.By weight This action multiple, it is possible to make upper arm driving power (the 2nd capacitor 462 after charging).To the 1st capacitor 461 The charging carried out with the 2nd capacitor 462 is carried out by oscillating circuit 464.

Although the 2nd capacitor 462 is charged to Vb, but owing to the low potential side of the 2nd capacitor 462 connects with Vdc Connecing, therefore, the hot side of the 2nd capacitor 462 is Vb+Vdc.

Therefore, in charge pump circuit 46, the 1st switch element the 465 and the 2nd switch element 466 is required for Vb+ More than Vdc's is pressure, be typically designed as degree corresponding to an element with switch element pressure (i.e., generally Time the degree of DC voltage Vdc).Pressure when accordingly, there exist overvoltage is limited in the 1st switch element 465 Pressure such problem with the 2nd switch element 466.

(D-2) boostrap circuit 31 is used

It is preferred, therefore, that use bootstrap approach as make upper arm side switch element driving power (with carry out Variation upper underarm junction point current potential improve grid potential accordingly) mode.

Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of the major part of the motor driver 10 with boostrap circuit 31.In Fig. 8, it is provided with Boostrap circuit 31 is to improve the grid potential of upper arm side switch element.Herein, to gate driver circuit 26 and bootstrapping electricity Road 31 illustrates.

(D-2-1) structure of gate driver circuit 26

Gate driver circuit 26 has the upper arm side of transistor Q3a, Q4a, the Q5a for driving upper arm side in inside Drive circuit 26a and for driving underarm side drive circuit 26b of transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b of underarm side, Outside has these 10 terminals of Vcc, Vdd, Hin, Lin, Vss, Vbo, Ho, Vs, Lo and COM.

In gate driver circuit 26, for driving the positive pole of driving power Vb of transistor to be connected with terminal Vcc, The logic positive pole of power supply Vc is connected with terminal Vdd.Holding wire and terminal Hin, terminal Lin from control portion 40 Connecting, driving power Vb and the logic negative pole of power supply Vc are connected with terminal Vss, and (straight with motor source Stream voltage Vdc) negative pole connect.

Additionally, the circuit from the hot side one pole branch of the capacitor 311 of boostrap circuit 31 is connected with terminal Vbo, The respective emitter stage of transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a is connected with terminal Vs, and transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b are respective Emitter stage is connected with terminal COM.Additionally, the grid of transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a is connected with terminal Ho, crystal The grid of pipe Q3b, Q4b, Q5b is connected with terminal Lo.

The conduction and cut-off of transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, Q3b, Q4b, Q5b by gate driver circuit 26 via Terminal Ho, terminal Lo control gate current potential are carried out.By control portion 40 according to input to terminal Hin, terminal Lin Duty cycle control signal carry out the action of control gate drive circuit 26.

(D-2-2) structure of boostrap circuit 31

In gate driver circuit 26, driving power Vb being connected with terminal Vcc positive pole and transistor Q3a, Be provided with boostrap circuit 31 between the respective emitter stage of Q4a, Q5a, with suitably to the transistor Q3a of upper arm side, Q4a, Q5a inputs grid potential.

In Fig. 8, only describe the gate driver circuit 26 corresponding with transistor Q3a, Q3b of upper underarm and and grid The boostrap circuit 31 of pole drive circuit 26 correspondence, but it practice, respectively with 3 groups on each arm of underarm set accordingly There are gate driver circuit and boostrap circuit.

Boostrap circuit 31 is made up of capacitor 311, resistance 312 and diode 313.One end of capacitor 311 with The junction point NU of the colelctor electrode of the emitter stage of the transistor Q3a of upper arm side and the transistor Q3b of underarm side connects.Electricity The other end of container 311 is connected with the positive pole of driving power Vb via resistance 312, diode 313.

Resistance 312 is to arrange for the charging current of limiting capacitance device 311, and the forward of diode 313 is from driving With the side of the positive electrode of power supply Vb towards capacitor 311 side, in order to make capacitor 311 not discharge by resistance 312, and And make the electric current when Vs current potential changes also not flow through Vb.

Upper arm side drive circuit 26a within gate driver circuit 26 takes high potential from capacitor 311, in order to control The ON-OFF of transistor Q3a.Although additionally, the underarm side drive circuit 26b control within gate driver circuit 26 The ON-OFF of transistor Q3b processed, but due to the emitter side ground connection of transistor Q3b, therefore, only by with terminal The current potential of the positive pole of driving power Vb that Vcc connects just can be controlled.

By utilizing underarm side drive circuit 26b to make the transistor Q3b of underarm side turn on, so that electric current is driving By power supply Vb (positive pole)-diode 313-resistance 312-capacitor 311-underarm side transistor Q3b-driving power Flow in the path of Vb (negative pole).Now, owing to capacitor 311 is electrically charged, therefore, can be used as upper arm side and drive Employ power supply.Although the switch of the transistor of underarm makes Vs current potential change between Vdc～0 in utilization, but due to Diode 313 and make electric current will not flow to Vb side.Herein, pressure being generally designed to of diode 313 can be held Value by the common rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) in DC portion.

(D-3) effect during boostrap circuit 31 is used

In motor driver 10, when produce excessive voltage time, by make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a～ Q5b ends so that 2 switch element respective two ends dividing potential drops that excessive voltage is connected in series, and applies to 1 to open The excessive voltage of pass element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) is reduced to any one party and moves Half when making, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element damage.In other words, as the voltage in DC portion, can Bear the voltage of one times that reaches a component pressure, so that each switch element of be connected in series 2 switch elements Component pressure can be born.

Now, the midpoint potential of upper underarm is the degree of a component pressure to the maximum (if on this, element can break Bad, therefore without considering), therefore, for boostrap circuit 31, on its circuit structure, the logical of DC portion can be born The design of normal rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) is sufficient for.

(E)

In above-mentioned (D), as the mode of the grid potential improving upper arm side switch element, it is recommended that boostrap circuit 31 (with reference to Fig. 8) replaces electric charge pump mode, but is not limited to this.

Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of the major part of the motor driver 10 with insulated power supplies 36.In Fig. 9, each The grid of upper arm is provided with an insulated power supplies 36.In Fig. 9, only describe transistor Q3a, the Q3b couple with upper underarm The gate driver circuit 26 answered and the insulated power supplies 36 corresponding with gate driver circuit 26, but it practice, with 3 In group, each arm of underarm is respectively correspondingly provided with gate driver circuit and insulated power supplies.

With above-mentioned be illustrated in boostrap circuit identical, in motor driver 10, when producing excessive electricity During pressure, by making transistor Q3a～Q5b of upper underarm both sides end, and the midpoint potential maximum of underarm is reached To the degree (then can destroy element on this) of a component pressure, therefore, for insulated power supplies 36, can bear The design of the common rated voltage (that is, one component pressure) in DC portion is sufficient for.

(the 4th embodiment)

(1) summary

Figure 11 is the block diagram of the circuit structure of the motor driver 10 of the 4th embodiment illustrating the present invention.Figure In 11, system 100 entirety is made up of motor driver 10 and motor 51.

In Figure 11, in the motor driver 10 of the 4th embodiment, be formed as from the 1st shown in Fig. 1 On the basis of the structure that braking circuit 61 is unloaded by embodiment, be newly provided with balancing circuitry 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b, additionally, use electrolysis condenser as smoothing capacity device 22.

In the present embodiment, will by voltage detection department 23, current detecting part 24 and balancing circuitry 33a, 33b, 34a, The part that 34b, 35a, 35b are constituted is referred to as excess voltage protection 50.

To illustrating, key element in addition due to the 1st embodiment (structure in addition to braking circuit 61) Identical, therefore, title that labelling is identical and label, and omit detail explanation.

(2) balancing circuitry 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b

Balancing circuitry 33a～35b is made up of resistive element.A pair balancing circuitry 33a, 33b are with in composition the one of underarm Corresponding to switch element (transistor Q3a, Q3b and diode D3a, D3b).Similarly, a pair balancing circuitry 34a, 34b is corresponding with pair of switches element (transistor Q4a, Q4b and diode D4a, D4b), a pair balancing circuitry 35a, 35b is corresponding with pair of switches element (transistor Q5a, Q5b and diode D5a, D5b).

Balancing circuitry 33a and 33b, 34a and 34b, 35a and 35b are connected in series with each other respectively, are formed therefrom Junction point MU, MV, MW are serially connected respectively with by transistor Q3a and Q3b, Q4a and Q4b, Q5a and Q5b Junction point NU, NV, the NW connected and formed connects.

For convenience of description, the wiring connecting junction point MU and junction point NU is set to circuit 47u, connection is connected The wiring of some MV and junction point NV is set to circuit 47v, and the wiring connecting junction point MW and junction point NW is set to line Road 47w.

(3) action of motor driver 10

Hereinafter, the action to motor driver 10 illustrates.In Figure 11, control portion 40 is to raster data model electricity Road 26 carries out waveform output, and, control the state of this waveform output, thus drive motor 51 with regulation rotating speed.

Figure 12 A is the figure illustrating the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver 10 operates voltage, and Figure 12 B is The figure of the mode that upper underarm applies when motor driver 10 stops voltage being shown.

As illustrated in fig. 12, in operating, at transistor Q3a and the driving line of the upper arm corresponding with driving coil Lu The transistor Q4b of the underarm that circle Lv the is corresponding and transistor Q5b of the underarm corresponding with driving coil Lw leads The period of logical action, DC voltage Vdc applies on each transistor of the cut-off of underarm.

Now, in the case of DC voltage Vdc becomes excessive voltage, this excessive voltage can apply to the switch ended Transistor Q3b, Q4a, Q5a of element and diode D3b, D4a, D5a.If by a switch element (crystal Pipe Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b) component pressure be set as Vr, then resistance to when DC voltage Vdc ＞ element During pressure Vr, probability destroyed for transistor Q3a～Q5b or diode D3a～D5b of switch element is big.

Therefore, when control portion 40 is judged as the threshold value that the detected value of voltage detection department 23 has exceeded regulation, make up and down Transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b cut-off of arm both sides.

Thus, as shown in Figure 2 B, excessive voltage is connected in series 2 switch elements (transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b, diode D3a, D3b, D4a, D4b, D5a, D5b) respective two ends dividing potential drop. Such as, partial pressure value V1 apply to upper arm switch element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) two ends, partial pressure value V2 apply to underarm switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) two ends.In the ideal case, if the impedance of each switch element is equal, then V1=V2, therefore, Apply to the excessive voltage of 1 switch element to be reduced to half when any one party carries out action such that it is able to protection Each switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) damage.

But, it practice, with the switch element of upper underarm both sides (transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b, diode D3a, D3b, D4a, D4b, D5a, D5b) internal resistance (leakage current) and the appearance of element Amount composition is accordingly by dividing potential drop, thus without the dividing potential drop becoming equalization.

Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, so that balancing circuitry 33a, 33b and switch element (transistor Q3a, Q3b, two Pole pipe D3a, D3b) corresponding, balancing circuitry 34a, 34b and switch element (transistor Q4a, Q4b, diode D4a, D4b) corresponding, balancing circuitry 35a, 35b and switch element (transistor Q5a, Q5b, diode D5a, D5b) corresponding mode is attached.

Thereby, it is possible to make applying to upper arm switch element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) partial pressure value V1 at two ends with apply to underarm switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) partial pressure value V2 at two ends is impartial.

The feature of (4) the 1st embodiments

(4-1)

In motor driver 10, when producing excessive voltage, control portion 40 is by making the crystal of upper underarm both sides Pipe Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b end so that 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series Respective two ends dividing potential drop, applies the mistake to 1 switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) Big voltage is reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to protection switch element (transistor Q3a～ Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) damage.

(4-2)

So that balancing circuitry 33a, 33b are corresponding with transistor Q3a, Q3b and diode D3a, D3b, balancing circuitry 34a, 34b are corresponding with transistor Q4a, Q4b and diode D4a, D4b, balancing circuitry 35a, 35b and transistor The mode that Q5a, Q5b are corresponding with diode D5a, D5b is attached, therefore, it is possible to make applying to the switch of upper arm Partial pressure value V1 at element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) two ends with apply under Partial pressure value V2 at switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) two ends of arm Impartial, it is possible to prevent because of caused by unequal dividing potential drop switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～ D5b) destroy.

(the 5th embodiment)

(1) summary

Figure 13 is the block diagram of the circuit structure of the motor driver 10 of the 2nd embodiment illustrating the present invention.Figure In 13, system 100 entirety is made up of motor driver 10 and motor 51.

In Figure 13, in the motor driver 10 of the 2nd embodiment, except the 4th embodiment party shown in Figure 11 Outside formula, it is additionally provided with relay circuit 43,44,45.Therefore, herein, relay circuit 43,44,45 is carried out Illustrating, key element in addition is due to identical with the 1st embodiment, therefore, and title that labelling is identical and label, and Omit detail explanation.

(2) detailed construction of motor driver 10

(2-1) relay circuit 43,44,45

Relay circuit 43,44,45 is used for making circuit 47u, 47v, 47w disconnect and Guan Bi.Herein, circuit is made 47u, 47v, 47w disconnect and Guan Bi refer to, by between junction point MU with junction point NU, junction point MV be connected Between some NV, be attached between junction point MW and junction point NW or by junction point MU and junction point NU it Between, connection between junction point MV and junction point NV, between junction point MW and junction point NW cuts off.

Relay circuit 43,44,45 include relay tip 43a, 44a, 45a, relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b and transistor 43c, 44c, 45c.

Relay tip 43a, 44a, 45a make circuit 47u, 47v, 47w disconnect and Guan Bi.Relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b make relay tip 43a, 44a, 45a carry out action.

Relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b are energized and no power by transistor 43c, 44c, 45c.

One end of relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b is connected with the positive pole of driving power Vb, the other end and crystal The colelctor electrode side of pipe 43c, 44c, 45c connects.

The presence or absence of the base current of control portion 40 switching transistor 43c, 44c, 45c, make collector and emitter it Between turn on and end, carry out the energising to relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b and no power.

Time generally, circuit 47u, 47v, 47w are maintained nonconducting state by relay circuit 43,44,45.And And, when the respective base stage of transistor 43c, 44c, 45c to each relay circuit 43,44,45 from control portion 40 During output drive signal, each relay coil 43b, 44b, 45b are energized, and make relay tip 43a, 44a, 45a carry out action to the direction making circuit 47u, 47v, 47w turn on.

(3) action of motor driver 10

Hereinafter, the action to motor driver 10 illustrates.Additionally, to when control portion 40 is judged as that voltage is examined The detected value in survey portion 23 make at the transistor Q3a of underarm both sides～Q5b cut-off when having exceeded the threshold value of regulation till with 1st embodiment is identical, therefore omits the description.

Control portion 40 when make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b end time, warp By relay circuit 43,44,45, so that balancing circuitry 33a, 33b and transistor Q3a, Q3b and diode D3a, D3b is corresponding, balancing circuitry 34a, 34b and transistor Q4a, Q4b and diode D4a, D4b are corresponding, balance is electric The mode that road 35a, 35b are corresponding with transistor Q5a, Q5b and diode D5a, D5b is attached.

Thereby, it is possible to make applying to upper arm switch element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) partial pressure value V1 at two ends with apply to underarm switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) partial pressure value V2 at two ends is impartial.

The feature of (4) the 5th embodiments

(4-1)

In motor driver 10, when produce excessive voltage time, by make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a～ Q5b ends so that 2 switch elements that excessive voltage is connected in series (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～ D5b) respective two ends dividing potential drop, applies to 1 switch element (transistor Q3a～Q5b, diode D3a～D5b) Excessive voltage be reduced to half when any one party carries out action, therefore, it is possible to the transistor of protection switch element Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b damage.

(4-2)

Control portion 40 when make upper underarm both sides transistor Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b end time, warp By relay circuit 43,44,45, so that balancing circuitry 33a, 33b and transistor Q3a, Q3b and diode D3a, D3b is corresponding, balancing circuitry 34a, 34b and transistor Q4a, Q4b and diode D4a, D4b are corresponding, balance is electric The mode that road 35a, 35b are corresponding with transistor Q5a, Q5b and diode D5a, D5b is attached, accordingly, it is capable to Enough make applying to switch element (transistor Q3a, Q4a, Q5a, diode D3a, D4a, D5a) two ends of upper arm Partial pressure value V1 with apply to underarm switch element (transistor Q3b, Q4b, Q5b, diode D3b, D4b, D5b) partial pressure value V2 at two ends is impartial, it is possible to prevent because of the switch element (transistor caused by unequal dividing potential drop Q3a～Q5b and diode D3a～D5b) destroy.

(4-3)

By in junction point NU, NV, NW and a pair balancing circuitry corresponding with described junction point NU, NV, NW Between point between configuration switch and only when inverter end connection balancing circuitry, it is possible to suppress balancing circuitry electric power disappear Consumption.

That is, do not have switch and balancing circuitry always connected in the case of, when the switching elements conductive of inverter, Owing to the balancing circuitry of an arm side is applied DC voltage Vdc, therefore, if such as by the resistance value of balancing circuitry If being set as R, then the power consumption of balancing circuitry is (Vdc) 2/R, but, it is being not connected with the shape of balancing circuitry Under state, the power consumption of balancing circuitry is (Vdc) 2/2R, therefore, it is possible to suppress power consumption 1/2.

＜ other embodiments ＞

(A)

Switch may not be relay, and uses the semiconductor switch such as MOSFET.In the case of Gai, it is possible to more at a high speed Ground connects balancing circuitry, therefore, it is possible to quickly break away from the state that unbalanced-voltage-division is even.

(B)

In order to reduce power consumption further than the 2nd embodiment, it is also possible to be provided for connection/disconnection balancing circuitry The 2nd switch of self.

Figure 14 be illustrate other embodiment motor driver 10 stop after, be connected to balancing circuitry 33a, 33b Time to upper underarm apply voltage one side figure.In Figure 14, general being set to by contact 47a in advance disconnects the 2nd switch 47 (opening), and make the relay tip 43a of relay circuit 43 connect, meanwhile, the 2nd switch 47 makes contact 47a Connect (closedown), thus enable that the power consumption of the balancing circuitry under usual state is zero.

Industrial applicability

The present application can protect the respective transistor of underarm to be not subjected to overvoltage, therefore, is not limited in motor Other driving means employing inverter are also useful by driving means.

Label declaration

10: motor driver；

20: power suppling part；

23: voltage detection department；

31: boostrap circuit；

33a: balancing circuitry；

33b: balancing circuitry；

34a: balancing circuitry；

34b: balancing circuitry；

35a: balancing circuitry；

35b: balancing circuitry；

36: insulated power supplies；

40: control portion；

43: relay circuit (switchs)；

44: relay circuit (switchs)；

45: relay circuit (switchs)；

50: excess voltage protection；

51: motor；

61: braking circuit；

71: ohmic load；

73: relay circuit (ohmic load connection unit)；

81: brake (mechanical brake)；

Q3a: transistor (switch element)；

Q3b: transistor (switch element)；

Q4a: transistor (switch element)；

Q4b: transistor (switch element)；

Q5a: transistor (switch element)；

Q5b: transistor (switch element)；

D3a: diode (switch element)；

D3b: diode (switch element)；

D4a: diode (switch element)；

D4b: diode (switch element)；

D5a: diode (switch element)；

D5b: diode (switch element)；

NU: junction point；

NV: junction point；

NW: junction point；

Vdc: DC voltage.

Prior art literature

Patent documentation

Patent documentation 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication 2007-166815 publication

Claims (12)

1. a motor driver (10), its by the multiple upper underarm respectively the most corresponding with multiple phases of motor respectively with 2 switch elements (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b, D3a, D3b, D4a, D4b, D5a, D5b) It is connected in series and constitutes, from the junction point (NU, NV, NW) being consequently formed respectively to corresponding described phase output voltage, Wherein,

Described motor driver (10) has:

Power suppling part (20), it provides DC voltage (Vdc) to described upper underarm；

Voltage detection department (23), it is connected in parallel with described upper underarm；And

Control portion (40), it makes described switch element (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) turn on Blocking action,

Described control portion (40), when the detected value of described voltage detection department (23) has exceeded the threshold value of regulation, makes institute State described switch element (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) cut-off of underarm both sides.

Motor driver the most according to claim 1 (10), wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has the braking circuit (61) of described motor,

Described control portion (40) make the described switch element of underarm both sides on described (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) cut-off after, described motor is braked.

Motor driver the most according to claim 1 and 2 (10), wherein, described motor driver (10) Also have:

Ohmic load (71)；With

Ohmic load connects unit (73), and it is by described junction point (NU, NV, NW) and described ohmic load (71) Between be attached or the connection between described junction point (NU, NV, NW) and described ohmic load (71) cut It is disconnected,

Described control portion (40) make the described switch element of underarm both sides on described (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) cut-off after, described junction point (NU, NV, NW) is connected with described ohmic load (71).

4. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in claims 1 to 3, wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has mechanical brake (81), and it can be relative to the rotation of described motor Rotating shaft dismounts,

Described control portion (40) make the described switch element of underarm both sides on described (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) cut-off after, described motor is carried out mechanical braking.

5. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in Claims 1-4, wherein,

Described control portion (40) is when the detected value of described voltage detection department (23) has exceeded described threshold value, making Any one in 2 described switch elements (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) of the described upper underarm having After the described switch element of individual arm all turns on, make all of described switch element (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) cut-off.

6. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in claim 2 to 5, wherein,

In addition to when the detected value of described voltage detection department (23) exceedes described threshold value, described control portion (40) is no Described motor is carried out described braking.

7. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has boostrap circuit (31), and this boostrap circuit (31) is in order on described The driving power supply of upper arm side switch element (Q3a, Q4a, Q5a) of underarm and generate higher than described switch element (Q3a, Q4a, Q5a) the current potential of low potential side.

8. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in claim 1 to 6, wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has insulated power supplies (36), and this insulated power supplies (36) is used for described The driving of upper arm side switch element (Q3a, Q4a, Q5a) of upper underarm.

Motor driver the most according to claim 1 (10), wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has balancing circuitry (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b), Described balancing circuitry (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b) is arranged in the described power suppling part of connection (20) And between a pair DC bus and the described junction point (NU, NV, NW) of described upper underarm.

Motor driver the most according to claim 9 (10), wherein,

Described balancing circuitry (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b) is configured to and multiple described upper underarms Each switch element (Q3a, Q3b, Q4a, Q4b, Q5a, Q5b) correspondence respectively.

11. according to the motor driver (10) described in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein,

Described motor driver (10) also has switch (43,44,45), described switch (43,44,45) By balance electricity described in described junction point (NU, NV, NW) and a pair corresponding with described junction point (NU, NV, NW) Be attached between the intermediate point on road (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b) or by described junction point (NU, NV, NW) and balancing circuitry described in corresponding with described junction point (NU, NV, NW) a pair (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b) intermediate point between connection cut off,

Described control portion (40), when the detected value of described voltage detection department (23) has exceeded the threshold value of regulation, connects Described balancing circuitry (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b).

12. according to the motor driver (10) described in any one in claim 9 to 11, wherein,

Described balancing circuitry (33a, 33b, 34a, 34b, 35a, 35b) is made up of resistive element.