CN105837259A - Method for corroding silicon carbide ceramics - Google Patents

Method for corroding silicon carbide ceramics Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105837259A
CN105837259A CN201610231407.4A CN201610231407A CN105837259A CN 105837259 A CN105837259 A CN 105837259A CN 201610231407 A CN201610231407 A CN 201610231407A CN 105837259 A CN105837259 A CN 105837259A
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corrosion
silicon carbide
sample
carbide ceramics
nitric acid
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黄政仁
刘泽华
闫永杰
张辉
姚秀敏
刘学建
蔡平
赵静
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/91After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics involving the removal of part of the materials of the treated articles, e.g. etching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/56Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
    • C04B35/565Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for corroding silicon carbide ceramics. The method comprises: adding concentrated hydrofluoric acid in a reactor, slowing adding concentrated nitric acid, performing uniform stirring, and performing sealing and standing for 10-30 min to obtain a corrosive liquid; and adding a silicon carbide sample in the obtained corrosive liquid, and performing corrosion at 150-200 DEG C for 12-24 h. According to the method, solid-phase-sintered silicon carbide ceramics are corroded at the low temperature, the grain contrast becomes obvious and the grain boundary becomes clear after corrosion. Meanwhile, thermal defects resulting from the high-temperature corrosion and defects resulting from the high energy etching are overcome.

Description

A kind of caustic solution of silicon carbide ceramics
Technical field
The present invention relates to the caustic solution of silicon carbide ceramics under a kind of low temperature, can be used for compact silicon carbide ceramic microscopic appearance and divide The fields such as analysis.
Background technology
Morphology analysis is according to a kind of conventional detection means characterizing compact silicon carbide ceramic about standard and regulation. By microscopic appearance it is observed that the size of the crystal grain of the silicon carbide ceramics being corroded, the shape of crystal grain and crystal boundary, carborundum Ceramic sample burning or the distribution of pore.
The preparation method of silicon carbide ceramics is more, but one of preparation method that application prospect is most at present is normal pressure solid phase Sintering.Normal pressure solid-phase sintering is with sub-micron β-SiC powder, adds a small amount of B and C as sintering aid, 2000~2100 DEG C, under inert atmosphere or vacuum condition, achieve the pressureless sintering of SiC ceramic.But the carbon due to solid-phase sintering SiClx pottery good in oxidation resistance, chemical stability is high.Observing its microscopic appearance at present mainly takes chemical corrosion method and ion to carve Erosion method.Chemical corrosion method can be divided into high-temperature fusion NaOH etch and the corrosion of normal temperature strong acid.High-temperature fusion NaOH Etch is the method that carborundum eroding pottery is the more commonly used, and it refers to ceramic sample to soak in the molten sodium hydroxide of 450 DEG C Bubble 10s, be repeated several times, although this method time is shorter, but due to react temperature is higher, the most easily bring safety the most hidden Suffer from, again material is caused certain damage, the most also heating apparatus is brought certain hidden danger, the service life of lowering apparatus.Due to The chemical stability of carborundum is higher, although the corrosion of the single strong acid of normal temperature is capable of, but the reaction speed of corrosion is too slow, The required time is oversize is unfavorable for practical operation, and the DeGrain corroded, and does not sees complete carborundum grain, crystal grain Between crystal boundary the most unintelligible.Ion etching method refers to utilize energetic ion to be got rid of by ceramic surface, but due to energy during etching Measure and higher be readily incorporated new defect, and the ceramic sample crystal boundary after etching is unintelligible.So in order to arriving of observing is brilliant clearly Boundary, and the proportioning of crystallite dimension corrosive liquid, and the temperature of corrosion, time of corrosion it is critical that.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide the corrosion side of a kind of more safely and effectively silicon carbide ceramics Method.
For achieving the above object, the caustic solution that the invention provides a kind of silicon carbide ceramics includes:
In reaction vessel, it is initially charged dense hydrofluoric acid, is slow added into red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), sealing and standing 10-30 minute after stirring, obtain rotten Erosion liquid;
Carborundum sample is immersed in gained etchant solution, corrodes 12-24 hour at 150-200 DEG C.
It is preferred that described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is the aqueous solution of nitric acid of mass percent 65-68wt%.
It is preferred that described dense hydrofluoric acid is the hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution of mass percent 35-40wt%.
It is preferred that the volume ratio of described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and dense hydrofluoric acid is (1.0-1.5): 1.
It is preferred that described corrosion is that carborundum sample is immersed in the reaction that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is liner equipped with etchant solution In still, corrode 12-24 hour at 150-200 DEG C.
This method can safety, effectively corrode and silicon carbide ceramics crystal grain, the structure within clear observation pottery and gas Hole.The microscopic appearance making the ceramic product of research and development is observed, it is simple to the performance of material is made and correctly evaluated and be by developer The research and development of next step product point the direction.Solid-phase sintered silicon carbide ceramics is corroded by this method at low temperatures, makes after excessive erosion brilliant Grain contrast is obvious, and crystal boundary cleans, and avoids the thermal defect that high temperature corrosion introduces, the defect that high energy etching introduces simultaneously.Due to solid The chemical stability of phase sintering silicon carbide ceramics is high, and corrosion resistance is strong, and single strong acid cannot be at solid-phase sintered silicon carbide ceramics table Face forms corrosion, and owing to the strong oxidizing property of red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) can generate dioxy in silicon carbide ceramics surface grain boundaries generation oxidation reaction SiClx, and hydrofluoric acid has the highest coordinating, can at a lower temperature with silicon dioxde reaction, both mixed solution Both had and the highest coordinating there is strong oxidizing property simultaneously, can occur along silicon carbide ceramics surface crystal boundary at a lower temperature Corrosion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in embodiment 1, sintering aid content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are the solid phase of 2150 DEG C Sintered sic material surface corrode after microscopic appearance;
Fig. 1 a is that in comparative example 1-1, sintering aid content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after dense hydrofluoric acid corrodes 24 hours;
Fig. 1 b is that in comparative example 1-1, sintering aid content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after dense hydrofluoric acid corrodes 48 hours;
Fig. 1 c is that in comparative example 1-2, sintering aid content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) corrodes 24 hours;
Fig. 1 d is that in comparative example 1-2, sintering aid content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) corrodes 48 hours;
Fig. 2 is that in embodiment 2, sintering aid content is 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are the solid-phase sintering of 2150 DEG C SiC material surface corrode after microscopic appearance;
Fig. 2 a is that in comparative example 2-1, sintering aid content is 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after dense hydrofluoric acid corrodes 24 hours;
Fig. 2 b is that in comparative example 2-1, sintering aid content is 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Knot SiC material surface microscopic appearance after dense hydrofluoric acid corrodes 48 hours;
Fig. 2 c is that in comparative example 2-2, sintering aid content is 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Tie microscopic appearance after SiC material surface red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) corrodes 24 hours;
Fig. 2 d is that in comparative example 2-2, sintering aid content is 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid phase of 2150 DEG C is burnt Tie microscopic appearance after SiC material surface red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) corrodes 48 hours.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated, it should be appreciated that accompanying drawing and following embodiment are only below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and following embodiment For the present invention is described, and the unrestricted present invention.
Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) of the present invention and dense hydrofluoric acid are that raw material is prepared corrosive liquid and carried out carborundum eroding sample material.Following exemplary ground The caustic solution of silicon carbide ceramics is described.
The preparation of carborundum sample.Due to corrosive liquid, there is strong oxidizing property and height is coordinating, can corrode with carborundum Reaction.As an example, utilize the method that solid phase is normal pressure-sintered, prepare two kinds of different silicon carbide ceramics samples, and right Sample is processed, and is processed into the strip of size 4*5*40mm, and each limit of sample carries out chamfering.
The polishing of carborundum sample.As a detailed example, surface grinding machine is utilized slightly to be added by specimen surface Work, makes surface smoothness be less than 1 DEG C, then utilizes 180 mesh, the B of 280 mesh4C abrasive material carries out grinding and polishing, the rotating speed of polishing machine Being set to 50r/min, the grinding and polishing time is respectively 2h, then utilizes the diamond paste of 20um, 10um to silicon carbide ceramics sample Being processed by shot blasting, the rotating speed of polishing machine is set to 40r/min, and polishing time is respectively 1h, finally utilizes 5um, 3um, 1um Diamond polishing liquid silicon carbide ceramics is processed by shot blasting, the rotating speed of polishing machine is set to 30r/min, and polishing time is respectively 0.5h。
The preparation of corrosive liquid.Controlled by the concentration of fluorine ion in solution owing to the height of corrosive liquid is coordinating, and fluorine ion is dense Spending closely related with hydrionic concentration, therefore reasonably proportioning just can make corrosive liquid have high oxidative and strong coordination simultaneously Property, corrosion otherwise cannot be formed on silicon carbide ceramics surface.It is initially charged dense hydrofluoric acid (mass fraction in corrosion container 40wt%), being slowly added to red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) (mass fraction 65-68wt%), dense hydrofluoric acid can be 1.0-with the volume ratio of red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 1.5:1, pours standing 10-30min in airtight container into after stirring.
Carborundum sample corrodes.Corrosive liquid is poured in the inner liner of reaction kettle of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), by the carborundum examination after polishing Sample is completely submerged in etchant solution, and the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining that will be equipped with corrosive liquid and corrosion sample loads stainless steel cauldron In.Method therefor of the present invention is under low temperature (compared to temperature used by high-temperature fusion NaOH etch), such as, at 150- 200 DEG C just can complete to corrode carborundum sample, and etching time can be 12-24h, it is seen that the caustic solution of the present invention is more saved Cost, and safely and effectively.
The cleaning of carborundum sample after corrosion, it is ensured that the trace chemical combination that specimen surface does not remain nitration mixture and reaction is generated Thing.As an example, using deionized water rinsing specimen surface, washing time is 30s, then utilizes and carries spirituous degreasing Cotton rub is wiped specimen surface and is then recycled alcohol rinse specimen surface, and washing time is 30s, and flushed sample is put into 60 DEG C Baking oven in dry.Repeated washing is dried 3 times.
The surface observation of carborundum sample.Utilize the ceramic material table after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion Face.The corrosive liquid that dense hydrofluoric acid and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) are made by the present invention according to volume 1.0-1.5:1, it is possible at a lower temperature Carborundum eroding pottery, researcher can observe the microscopic appearance of product easily.Ceramic sample after corrosion as shown in Figure 1 Microscopic appearance, it can be seen that crystal grain is complete, crystal boundary line is clear, avoids what corrosion deficiency, excessive erosion and corrosion introduced simultaneously Defect.This caustic solution is applicable to the surface of thyrite and processes and the pretreatment stage of microscopic appearance.
Enumerate embodiment further below to describe the present invention in detail.It will similarly be understood that following example are served only for this Bright it is further described, it is impossible to being interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art is according to the present invention's Some nonessential improvement and adjustment that foregoing is made belong to protection scope of the present invention.The technique ginseng that following example is concrete Number etc. is the most only an example in OK range, in the range of i.e. those skilled in the art can be done suitably by explanation herein Select, and do not really want to be defined in the concrete numerical value of hereafter example.
Embodiment 1
The caustic solution of solid-phase sintered silicon carbide ceramics under a kind of low temperature, it is achieved step is as follows:
1) preparation corrosive liquid: be initially charged dense hydrofluoric acid 29ml in a reservoir, be slowly added to red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 23ml, dense hydrofluoric acid and dense nitre The volume ratio of acid is 1.261:1, pours standing 15min in airtight container after stirring into, stand-by.
2) silicon carbide ceramics sample corrosion: poured into by corrosive liquid in the inner liner of reaction kettle of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), by the burning after polishing Knot auxiliary agent content is 5wt%C and 0.6wt%B4C, sintering temperature are that the solid-phase sintering SiC material carborundum sample of 2150 DEG C is complete Entirely being immersed in etchant solution, the polytetrafluoroethyllining lining that will be equipped with corrosive liquid and corrosion sample loads in stainless steel cauldron, rotten Erosion temperature 175 DEG C, etching time is 24h.
3) using deionized water rinsing specimen surface, washing time is 30s, then utilizes and carries spirituous absorbent cotton wiping sample Then surface recycles alcohol rinse specimen surface, and washing time is 30s, and flushed sample is put in the baking oven of 60 DEG C baking Dry.
4) it is iteratively repeated step 3) 3 times.Guarantee the trace chemical combination that specimen surface does not remain nitration mixture and reaction is generated Thing.Utilizing the ceramic material surfaces after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion, its microscopic appearance is as shown in Figure 1.From Can be seen that in Fig. 1 that the corrosive effect of the corrosive liquid of preparation is fine, the crystal grain of corrosion sample is complete, and crystal boundary is clear.
Comparative example 1-1
Dense hydrofluoric acid 52ml is used to replace the corrosive liquid in embodiment 1 that silicon carbide ceramics sample is corroded, other technological parameter phases It is same as embodiment 1.Utilize the ceramic material surfaces after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion, its microscopic appearance such as figure Shown in 1a.From Fig. 1 a, can be seen that the silicon carbide ceramics surface of solid-phase sintering is not corroded;
The above-mentioned sample through corrosion is continued corrosion 24 hours, utilizes SEM (SEM) to observe microscopic appearance, such as figure Shown in 1b.Can be seen that from Fig. 1 b continue 24 hours post-etching effects of corrosion the most do not implement 1 effective, corrosion The crystal grain of sample is imperfect, and crystal boundary is unintelligible.
Comparative example 1-2
Using red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 52ml to replace the corrosive liquid in embodiment 1 to corrode silicon carbide ceramics sample, other technological parameters are identical In embodiment 1.Utilize the ceramic material surfaces after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion, its microscopic appearance such as Fig. 1 c Shown in.From Fig. 1 c, can be seen that the silicon carbide ceramics surface of solid-phase sintering is not corroded;
The above-mentioned sample through corrosion is continued corrosion 24 hours, utilizes SEM (SEM) to observe microscopic appearance, such as figure Shown in 1d.Can be seen that from Fig. 1 d continue 24 hours post-etching effects of corrosion the most do not implement 1 effective, corrosion The crystal grain of sample is imperfect, and crystal boundary is unintelligible.
Embodiment 2
Being initially charged dense hydrofluoric acid 29ml in a reservoir, be slowly added to red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 23ml, dense hydrofluoric acid with the volume ratio of red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is 1.261:1, pours standing 15min in airtight container into after stirring, stand-by.Corrosive liquid is poured into the anti-of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Answer in still liner, be 6wt%C and 0.6wt%B by the sintering aid content after polishing4C, sintering temperature are the solid phase of 2150 DEG C Sintered sic material silicon carbide sample is completely submerged in etchant solution, will be equipped with in the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) of corrosive liquid and corrosion sample Lining loads in stainless steel cauldron, and corrosion temperature 175 DEG C, etching time is 24h.Use deionized water rinsing specimen surface, punching The time of washing is 30s, then utilizes and carries spirituous absorbent cotton wiping specimen surface then to recycle alcohol rinse specimen surface, punching The time of washing is 30s, and flushed sample is put in the baking oven of 60 DEG C drying.It is iteratively repeated above 3 times.Guarantee specimen surface Do not remain nitration mixture and minor compound that reaction is generated.Utilize the pottery after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion Ceramic material surface, its microscopic appearance is as shown in Figure 2.The corrosive effect of the corrosive liquid as can be seen from Figure 2 prepared is fine, rotten The crystal grain of erosion sample is complete, and crystal boundary is clear, it is simple to measure the crystallite dimension of ceramic material.
Comparative example 2-1
Dense hydrofluoric acid 52ml is used to replace the corrosive liquid in embodiment 2 that silicon carbide ceramics sample is corroded, other technological parameter phases It is same as embodiment 2.Utilize the ceramic material surfaces after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion, its microscopic appearance such as figure Shown in 2a.From Fig. 2 a, can be seen that the silicon carbide ceramics surface of solid-phase sintering is not corroded;
The above-mentioned sample through corrosion is continued corrosion 24 hours, utilizes SEM (SEM) to observe microscopic appearance, such as figure Shown in 2b.Can be seen that from Fig. 2 b continue 24 hours post-etching effects of corrosion the most do not implement 2 effective, corrosion The crystal grain of sample is imperfect, and crystal boundary is unintelligible.
Comparative example 2-2
Using red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) 52ml to replace the corrosive liquid in embodiment 2 to corrode silicon carbide ceramics sample, other technological parameters are identical In embodiment 2.Utilize the ceramic material surfaces after SEM (SEM) observation corrosion, its microscopic appearance such as Fig. 2 c Shown in.From Fig. 2 c, can be seen that the silicon carbide ceramics surface of solid-phase sintering is not corroded;
The above-mentioned sample through corrosion is continued corrosion 24 hours, utilizes SEM (SEM) to observe microscopic appearance, such as figure Shown in 2d.Can be seen that from Fig. 2 d continue 24 hours post-etching effects of corrosion the most do not implement 2 effective, corrosion The crystal grain of sample is imperfect, and crystal boundary is unintelligible.

Claims (5)

1. the caustic solution of a silicon carbide ceramics, it is characterised in that including:
In reaction vessel, it is initially charged dense hydrofluoric acid, is slow added into red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), sealing and standing 10-30 minute after stirring, obtain corrosive liquid;
Carborundum sample is immersed in gained etchant solution, corrodes 12-24 hour at 150-200 DEG C.
Caustic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is the aqueous solution of nitric acid of mass percent 65-68wt%.
Caustic solution the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described dense hydrofluoric acid is the hydrofluoric acid aqueous solution of mass percent 35-40wt%.
4. according to the caustic solution according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that described red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is (1.0-1.5) with the volume ratio of dense hydrofluoric acid: 1.
5. according to the caustic solution according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described corrosion is to be completely submerged in by carborundum sample equipped with in the reactor that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is liner of etchant solution, corrodes 12-24 hour at 150-200 DEG C.
CN201610231407.4A 2016-04-14 2016-04-14 Method for corroding silicon carbide ceramics Pending CN105837259A (en)

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CN111089774A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-05-01 上海衡益特陶新材料有限公司 Surface corrosion treatment method of boron carbide product, metallographic sample and preparation method of metallographic sample
CN115615784A (en) * 2022-11-15 2023-01-17 广东风华高新科技股份有限公司 Sample processing method for representing MLCC barium titanate ceramic grains

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CN106995921A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-08-01 齐鲁工业大学 A kind of (Ti, W) C base ceramic cutting tool materials corrosive liquid and caustic solution
CN111089774A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-05-01 上海衡益特陶新材料有限公司 Surface corrosion treatment method of boron carbide product, metallographic sample and preparation method of metallographic sample
CN115615784A (en) * 2022-11-15 2023-01-17 广东风华高新科技股份有限公司 Sample processing method for representing MLCC barium titanate ceramic grains

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Application publication date: 20160810