CN105818940A - Open sea anti-wave type hinged wind power installation vessel - Google Patents
Open sea anti-wave type hinged wind power installation vessel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105818940A CN105818940A CN201610326331.3A CN201610326331A CN105818940A CN 105818940 A CN105818940 A CN 105818940A CN 201610326331 A CN201610326331 A CN 201610326331A CN 105818940 A CN105818940 A CN 105818940A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/02—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units
- B63B3/08—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units with detachably-connected sub-units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/02—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units
- B63B3/08—Hulls assembled from prefabricated sub-units with detachably-connected sub-units
- B63B2003/085—Multiple hull vessels, e.g. catamarans, assembled from detachably-connected sub-units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B2017/0054—Rests or supports for movable ship-borne equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
- B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
- B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B2209/00—Energy supply or activating means
- B63B2209/20—Energy supply or activating means wind energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
- F05B2240/931—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a vehicle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses an open sea anti-wave type hinged wind power installation vessel which comprises a wind power vessel body arranged on the sea surface, hinged connection parts, a wind power generation device arranged at the high altitude, a tower rotary disc and a mooring system and a submarine cable system. The wind power vessel body is composed of a plurality of annular vessel units and a center floating body called as a center island. The annular vessel units and the center floating body are connected into a whole through the hinged connection parts. The wind power generation device comprises front and rear wind wheels, a hub and a power generator room in the hub. The tower rotary disc is connected with the wind power vessel body and the wind power generation device arranged at the high altitude. The wind power vessel body and the seabed are connected through the mooring system and the submarine cable system.
Description
1. technical field:
This patent, from technical standpoint, relates to the integrated application to boats and ships and ocean engineering technology, belongs to boats and ships and ocean engineering class technical field.This patent is mainly used in wind-power electricity generation, therefore may belong to wind-power electricity generation tool-class technical field.
2. background technology
The energy of the fully utilized the Nature of wind-power electricity generation, does not has pollutant emission, is the current preferably energy.The most at sea set up wind energy turbine set, have the advantages that wind resource is abundant, utilization rate is high.Devoting Major Efforts To Developing offshore wind farm, it has also become the trend of current Wind Power Generation.China establishes substantial amounts of wind energy turbine set at coastal area of china.
Offshore wind farm Development Technology has two bottlenecks at present, one, close ground (or sea, space the most together), owing to being affected by earth's surface or wave of the sea etc. " roughness element ", wind speed is less, and relatively big at high-altitude wind speed, wind-force size with away from ground level be typically logarithm or index percent change.In order to make full use of high altitude wind resource it is necessary to wind wheel is placed the highest, tower height increases therewith.And pylon is afloat fixing, needing to build offshore pile, its construction cost will be greatly improved with installation cost；Its two, the generating of certain wind speed apparatus for lower wind power about to square being directly proportional of rotor diameter, thus strengthen rotor diameter as far as possible and be conducive to obtaining bigger wind power.If at sea arranging powerful wind generator on landing stage, it is desirable to the yardstick on wind-powered electricity generation landing stage increases, keeping stability, separately requiring that the structure of wind electric power ship is very strong, just can resist the destruction of marine stormy waves, thus also result in offshore wind farm ship with high costs.
Developing wind-powered electricity generation in " off-lying sea ", have the biggest economic worth, first, the waters of off-lying sea is vast, can make full use of wind resource；Such as, ALONG COASTAL FUJIAN belongs to the windy area of the Taiwan Straits, and stormy waves is very big, and disaster takes place frequently, but wind resource enriches, and this patent has the strongest capacity of anti-storm, just becomes evil into " precious "；Secondly, use this patent, just disposable to large-scale wind electricity device and wind electric power ship installation and debugging can be completed in shipyard, anchoring location, scene, predetermined maritime area can be dragged to after lower water, the construction of wind generator and field erected cost of investment can be greatly lowered.
3. summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to altitude for existing offshore wind farm, that maximize two " bottlenecks ", it is proposed that use radial type annular boats and ships as the relevant technology on off-lying sea large-scale wind electricity device float basis.
The basic ideas of 3.1 the art of this patent schemes
(1) enlightenment of large ship " hinged " mode
The general knowledge of principle of naval architecture teaches that, the boats and ships navigated by water at sea total vertical moment of flexure on wave is very big, and structure easily goes to pot, the most exigent stability.If boats and ships are circularized, and it is divided into several sections " hinged ", has not only been difficult to turn over and sink, but also structural strength can have been made to be ensured, so that it may taken into account the contradiction of performance and intensity.
(2) about off-lying sea design maximum wind scale
The wind electric power ship that this patent proposes requires have the strongest capacity of anti-storm, under conditions of need not use breakwater, should apply to " the unlimited sea area " in addition to " polar region " (near south poles), be particularly suited for coastal area of china " continental shelf " shallow sea water of depth of water 30-150m.
One of the feature in coastal area of china waters is: the diastrous weathers such as typhoon occur the most frequent., according to the data of observation station, coastal waters (1985-2012), the most all can there is tropical storm or big typhoon in such as ALONG COASTAL FUJIAN.When the weight diastrous weathers such as big typhoon occur, 10 minutes maximum wind velocities, just up to 46.7m/s, are equivalent to Beaufort scale 15 grades, and the harm caused is the most serious.Thus, this patent wind electric power ship " safety Design wind scale " is set to Pu Fu 16 grades, i.e. the wind speed away from sea 10m height reaches 53.52m/s.Be equivalent to " a-hundred-year ".
This patent wind electric power ship requires have enough stabilities and structural strength under " safety Design wind-force " acts on.Its structural material is intended using steel or armored concrete.
3.2 about off-lying sea wind energy turbine set
The what is called " off-lying sea " of this patent indication, refers to the marine site farther out from continent.It is engaged in the people of " wind-power electricity generation " operation at " off-lying sea ", needs to solve life and working condition, plant maintenance etc. problem of such as supply, management personnel.Typically should use intensive way to manage." the radial type wind electric power ship " of this patent indication is referred to as " standard module " of marine wind electric field.Batch can be carried out build in shipyard.Some " standard modules " are combined into a colony, are the formation of a marine wind electric field or referred to as one " base ".This " base " typically should be located at the wind resource off-lying sea waters compared with horn of plenty.In " base ", it is also possible to a number of wave-power plant, tidal power station, solar power plant, fishery cultivating net cage, helistop, tourist attractions etc. are set.
The composition of 3.3 1 kinds of off-lying seas anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship " standard module "
(1) about radial type wind electric power ship " standard module "
A kind of off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship " standard module " (seeing accompanying drawing 1) of this patent indication, is to be made up of five major parts: the first arranges wind electric power ship body across the sea；It includes 1. by some " annulars boats and ships unit " and being referred to as " central island " central buoyancy aid 2. and being formed；The wind electric power ship main body of this example selects circle, it is also possible to be other shape；They two are connected into overall " radial type connector " by it；Its three wind power plant being provided in high-altitude, including the generator bay in before and after's wind wheel, wheel hub and wheel hub；It four is pylon and the rotating disk connecting wind electric power ship body and high altitude wind power plant；It five is the mooring system and submarine cable system coupled together in wind electric power ship body and seabed.
(2) about wind electric power ship body (seeing accompanying drawing 1)
One annular box buoyancy aid of wind electric power ship body periphery, is referred to as " annular boats and ships unit " 1., several " annular boats and ships unit " use " radial type connector "It is linked to be an entirety, is referred to as " wind electric power ship unit ".Whole wind electric power ship unit may be partitioned into several piece (example of this patent is 1 piece) at radial direction, also may be partitioned into several lobe (example of this patent is 8 lobes) at circumferencial direction, forms several " unit " (this example is 8 unit).
2. the middle body of wind electric power ship body is referred to as central island, and it is also linked to be an entirety with " radial type connector " with each " annular boats and ships unit ".Central island can be considered as a ship.The main deck of hull is provided with " superstructure " 3., designer's habitation, office, meeting room, research department and signalling arrangement etc. in it.Boats and ships main deck divide into cabin.Equipment in cabin has diesel generating set, burr pump, general service pump, main distribution board, control room, fuel oil tank, full ship piping and about boats and ships and the various auxiliary equipments etc. of wind-powered electricity generation.
(3) wind electric power ship " hinged " formula connecting-piece structure
The theory and practice of Structual Mechamics for Ships is all proved: the boats and ships being opposite on wave, if wavelength X is much smaller than captain L, i.e. λ/L < < 1, then have several crests and trough appearance, its wave height H in the range of a captain L1/3Less, the buoyancy of boats and ships is little relative to the change of hydrostatic state, will not produce bigger wave additional bending moment；Otherwise, if wavelength X is much larger than captain L, i.e. λ/L > > 1, although wave height is very big, but in the range of a captain L, corrugated is also more or less the same with standing level, it is also not possible to bigger wave additional bending moment occur.Being directed to the especially big violent typhoon of 16 grades, if using the articulated manner of this patent, characteristic length L of wind electric power ship maximum module being diminished, i.e. λ/L > > 1, therefore the additional wave moment produced is also little (seeing the example calculation of this patent).
A kind of concrete structure of " hinged " formula connector that this patent is arranged can be found in accompanying drawing 3.By central island 1. and wind electric power ship module 2. between connection as a example by, 3. main deck connects with short cable, 9. the attachment means constituted with bitt and short cable in lower section 4., 5., 7., 8. connect, adds the rubber blanket between each unit, composition a kind of combination type, dismountable Flexible connection system.This patent is referred to as " hinged ", i.e. allows wind electric power ship unit freely-movable in a little scope, but can not mutually disengage.
" hinged " connected mode between this patent wind electric power ship unit, is connected mode conventional between ship and ship, ship and bank, but the short cable used by this patent can use winch hydraulic drum to be fastened, the latch that bitt can use hydraulic jack to control is locked.
(4) about high altitude wind power plant (seeing accompanying drawing 1)
For making full use of high altitude wind resource, the tower height of off-lying sea wind turbine is higher, and often more than 150m, wind power equipment includes wind turbine, drive system, electromotor etc., and its design is high efficiency, high reliability and lightness with the feature of type selecting；9. the wind power equipment of this example includes wind turbine, super long type wheel hub；It is provided with the equipment such as drive system, electromotor；Its wind turbine uses and is provided with Impeller tandem wind turbine the most 10., and often group impeller uses changing pitch formula；Afterbody at super long type wheel hub is provided with large-scale guiding empennageIt is additionally provided with wind transducer.
(5) about pylon and rotating disk
Pylon is to support blower fan the device being connected by wind electric power ship body with high altitude wind power plant with rotating disk；Pylon has two kinds of forms: one, pylon be 5. located at a traffic cycle 4. on, it is referred to as rotary pylon, this rotating disk is firmly connected with wind electric power ship body, rotating disk is provided with the circuit orbit of carrying pylon, the guide wheel of pylon lower end can be under automatic controlling system, by fluid motor-driven, makes the related wind wheel of pylon can adapt to wind direction and rotates (seeing accompanying drawing 1,2)；Its two, this rotation dish, it is also possible to be arranged on the upper end of pylon, it arranges the circuit orbit of carrying high altitude wind power plant and rotates guide wheel, and pylon itself is firmly connected with wind electric power ship body, not box haul rotation.These two kinds of modes cut both ways, designer select.
(6) about mooring system (seeing accompanying drawing 1,2)
The depth of water according to marine site, wind electric power ship place determines to use which kind of anchoring approach with water-bed situation.For the general shallow sea of the depth of water about 30-150m, can by boats and ships usual manner design mooring system 6., the equipment such as including anchor, anchor chain, chain locker, windlass；The anchor being suitable for can use the gravity type anchor that concrete is constituted；The depth of water is reached hundreds of meters, and even marine site, deep-sea more than km, can use dynamic positioning system.
4. accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is: a kind of off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship side view
The legend of Fig. 1 is:
1. off-lying sea wind resistance wave type radial type wind electric power ship body；
2. wind electric power ship " central island "；
3. wind electric power ship " superstructure "
4. wind generator and the attachment means of rotation dish
5. wind generator pylon column
6. the mooring system of wind electric power ship
7. wind wheel before wind generator
8. wind generator pylon stand column and beam
Fig. 2 is: the front view of Fig. 1
The brief description of Fig. 2
This figure mainly represents that the pylon supporting blower fan is arranged on a traffic cycle, this rotating disk firmly should be connected with wind electric power ship body, should design a kind of rotating mechanism (such as hydraulic motor or gear drive) makes wind wheel can adapt to wind direction (by automatic controlling system), and the power of rotation is provided by special motor.
Fig. 3 is: a kind of off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship radial type connector schematic diagram
The legend of Fig. 3:
1. central island
2. wind electric power ship modular unit
The shortest cable and bitt
4. cable winch (or with hydraulic system) is locked
5. tie-down cables
6. watertight leg
7. directive wheel
8. the bitt of band hydraulic cylinder
9. anti-collision rubber cushion block
5. detailed description of the invention
Below according to Principles of Ship Designing, the rough of radial type wind electric power ship providing an a diameter of 200m is designed and calculated examples:
5.1 design considerationss:
(1) sea area that this wind electric power ship uses:
This wind electric power ship is applicable to " off-lying sea " in the Taiwan Straits Nanping Prefecture Quanzhou, and position is about 118 °-120 ° of footpath, east, the vast marine site of north latitude 22 °-26.5 ° (calculated examples is taken as 25 ° of N, earth rotation Corrioli's effect coefficient: f=0.22).This marine site is territory, the Taiwan Straits multiple stage edema due to wind pathogen.
(2) design wind scale:
Take 2 design wind scales.To require boats and ships and equipment in a safe condition for, take 16 grades of typhoons for " safe design wind scale "；For calculating the power of wind-driven generator, taking the strong breeze that off-lying sea normally occurs is " being suitable for design wind scale ".
During 5.2 especially big typhoon, the ocean wave factor of " safe design wind scale " calculates
(1) design conditions: take especially big typhoon (10m wind speed, the U on sea of Beaufort scale 16 gradesrmax=53.52m/s) as the design conditions of ocean wave factor.
Take certain weather station determination data to the most especially big typhoon as design considerations, as follows:
Local Zenith Distance pressure Pa=1013.6 hundred handkerchiefs (hPa)
Center of typhoon blast: Po=914 hundred handkerchiefs
Draught head: Δ P=Pa-Po=99.6 hundred handkerchiefs
Maximum wind speed radius (away from the distance of center of typhoon): R=27 nautical mile=50 kilometers
Typhoon Tracks speed: Uf=20 joints=37.0km/h=13.37m/s
(2) element of wave in typhoon region:
" element of wave " referred herein refers to wave height H1/3, wavelength X and cycle T1/3。
Use the most general Bretschneider (1957) following empirical formula
When calculating 16 grades of typhoons, the maximum of element of wave is as follows:
Greatest gradient wind speed (U at 10m on seag)maxFor:
(Ug)max=0.868 × [73 × 0.1718 × (Δ P)1/2-0.575R×0.22]
=105.23 (saving)=54.14m/s
Maximum sustained wind speed U at 10m on sear(saving), is drawn by following formula:
For mobile typhoon:
Urrmax=0.865 × (Ug)max+0.5Uf=104.02 joints=53.52m/s
This value is equivalent to Beaufort scale 16 grades, tries to achieve UrrmaxAfterwards, recycling following two formulas can be in the hope of the deep water maximum significant wave height H of this typhoon formation1/3maxAnd cycle T1/3max。
H1/3max=5.03exP (0.000295 × R × Δ P)
×(1+0.208×Uf/(Ur) ^ (1/2))=17.02m
T1/3max=8.6exP (0.000148 × R × Δ P)
×(1+0.104*Uf/(Ur) ^ (1/2))=16.2s
Cycle according to deep water wave and the relation table calculating wavelength, can check in (seeing " the wave projectional technique in coastal engineering " annex 1), and the wavelength corresponding to this wave period is as follows:
λmax=545.5m
After typhoon formation, in the range of center of typhoon 10km, it is referred to as " typhoon eye ", the most calm.Within distance center of typhoon about 40-50km scope (representing with r), wind speed is directly proportional to r increase, and this scope is referred to as " typhoon internal area ".Away from the outer rim of center of typhoon 40-50km, the maximum U of wind speed often occursrmax, it is referred to as " maximum wind speed radius R " (this example R=50km)；Outside this distance, until radius 500km, being referred to as in " foreign lands district ", wind speed is generally reduced in the ratio of 1/r^ (1/2)；Distance r increases again, to 800km, can be considered " typhoon circle is outer ", and ratio is reduced by wind speed in 2/r.
The marine wind-induced wave of platform also has an Emergence and Development, stablizes, to the process gradually weakening, disappearing.In the process, the composition ripple in various wavelength, wave height and cycle the most likely occurs.For boats and ships (including " wind electric power ship " of this example), it is wavelength X and the ratio of the captain L composition ripple close to 1.0 that structure produces destructive power maximum.Thus, when calculating the blast value of wind electric power ship stability, should consider by maximum wind velocity；And when computation structure stress, should consider by ratio λ/L ≈ 1.0 of wavelength X with characteristic length L of wind electric power ship unit.
(3) choose 3 wind electric power ship characteristic lengths, calculate element of wave
One, rounds wind electric power ship " captain " (diameter) L1=200m；Its two, take " captain " (diameter) L of wind electric power ship central island2=80m；Its three, take wind electric power ship outer shroud element length L3=75m, the element of wave of examination its wave load maximum case of calculating:
Through the author's regression analysis, draw wind velocity U routinelyrH high with wave1/3Relation such as following formula:
H1/3=0.08 × Ur 1.55
Apply mechanically the regression formula of wind speed and wind scale that other researcheres propose again:
Ur=0.836 × B1.5
Can obtain: H1/3=0.08 × (0.836 × B1.5)1.55=0.0606 × B2.325
At " typhoon internal area ", it is assumed that wave height H1/3, cycle T1/3The most also reduce in the ratio of 1/r^ (1/2), thus can also deduce wave height H corresponding to its wavelength1/3, cycle T1/3Such as following table: (calculating process sees subordinate list 2)
Specified sea areas typhoon zone storm wave element computational chart
(4) overall structure and the comparison of articulated structure stressing conditions:
The empirical equation provided by Research on typhoon scholars, by above rough calculation it can be seen that a typhoon formation and stable after, endangering the structural strength of ocean engineering structure maximum is not in the maximum region of wind speed, because maximum wavelength λ nowmaxOften much larger than characteristic length L of works.But when center of typhoon moves away works certain distance (at the r=102.5km of this example), it is exactly in λ1=L1(L in this example1=wind electric power ship diameter D=200m) situation, wave height H now1/3Higher, reach 12.52m, the moldeed depth of this example wind electric power ship unit is only 6.5m, if it is H that overall structure center is placed in wave height1/3When=12.52m, wavelength are on the trochoidal waves of 200m, additional wave bending moment is bigger (this example illustrates, if pressing boats and ships conventional Calculation Method, taking wave height is 1/20 captain, and i.e. taking calculating wave height is 10m, is relatively dangerous)；If but structure is hinged together, the wavelength of precarious position and wave height all can reduce, such as, take λ2=80m, now, wave height H1/3=7.92m, then the structural strength of boats and ships will much more secure (energy that wave is comprised typically be directly proportional to 2 powers of wave height).By square being directly proportional of the additional total vertical moment of flexure of the wave of boats and ships and captain, rule that the additional shear force of wave is directly proportional to captain, if with generally one ship of wind electric power ship, " central island " is individually considered as a ship, outer ring element is individually considered as a ship, and the ratio of the additional total vertical moment of flexure of the wave of such 3 kinds of situations is: 100%:16%:14.1%；Its wave additional shear force ratio is: 100%:40%:37.5%.Illustrate that difference is the biggest.
5.3 about 10000kW wind electric power ship " double wind wheel " electricity generation system
In order to make full use of the resource of off-lying sea and high altitude wind, this patent imagination uses " double wind wheel generation system ".So-called " double wind wheel ", refers to that end is respectively provided with a pair wind wheel before and after a wind wheel propeller boss；So-called " a pair ", refers to the varying pitch fan blade of two contrarotatings.1 group of generator rotation of each drive under wind-force effect, but do not produce skew back moment of torsion.Owing to front and back's fan blade spacing is relatively big, though there being interference, but always can produce more power compared with a single-wheel.
(1) nominal total power: the nominal total power of this patent " double wind wheel generation system " example is taken as 10000kW
(2) pattern of wind-power electricity generation: use horizontal axis wind-driven generator type, select routinely.
(3) wind generator set design wind speed:
On sea, the wind speed of 10m height is taken as Pu Fu 5 grades, i.e. 9.35m/s；Trying to achieve the rated wind speed of 130m height on sea by altitude index rate formula is 12.56m/s.
(4) the maximum survival wind speed of design: when carrying out stability accounting and Structure Calculation, conventionally, taking the return period is 50 years, taking the wind speed away from sea 10m height is 53.52m/s (being 16 grades of wind)；When carrying out stability accounting and wind wheel part-structure calculates, the wind speed 72.81m/s away from sea 130m height high-altitude should be taken and calculate.
(5) rotor diameter and power: this example is held before and after propeller boss and is respectively provided with wind wheel.Take front rotor diameter D1=106m, rear rotor diameter D2For 165m.Can the output (seeing the subordinate list 4 of adnexa) of primary Calculation wind wheel by following equation:
Front wind wheel
P1=1/8 × ρa×Ur 3×π×D1 2Cp×η1×η2
Wherein: ρaAtmospheric density, is taken as ρa=1.225kg/m3
When using the engineering system of units, ρa=0.125kgf × s2/m4
UrRated wind speed: be taken as Ur=12.72m/s
D1Rotor diameter: be taken as D1=106m
CpPower coefficient, typically takes 0.43-0.45, and this example takes 0.43
η1Transmission system efficiency, takes η1=0.92
η2Generator efficiency, takes η2=0.95
Thus: front swept area of rotor A1=8825m2
Front wind wheel output is: P1=4178kW
Rear wind wheel presses same method, takes rear rotor diameter D2=165m
Rear swept area of rotor A2=21383m2
Rear wind wheel output is: P2=10123kW
Wind wheel general power P0=P1+P2=4178+10123=14301kW
The factor that before and after consideration, flywheel interferes and other does not considers, takes discount factor K=70%, then this example wind wheel general power is:
Σ P=K × P0=70% × 14301=10011kW ≈ 10000kW
The first calculation (for reference) of 5.4 this patent example wind electric power ship stabilities
(note: the stability problem of boats and ships is Ship Design and the necessary file submitted to a higher level for approval or revision, and estimates the most roughly the initial stability situation of this ship at this, provides a number concept substantially.)
From the point of view of design with computational methods, " wind electric power ship " that this patent proposes, " landing stage " that a kind of mid portion hollows out, comply fully with the feature of classification society rule's defined " boats and ships ".Thus, all can apply mechanically with method, specification and regulation etc. about Ship Design and the ripe theoretical of construction, there is the strongest practicality.Even if so, when design, still have to be verified with strict ship model experiment.
(1) calculation assumption condition:
Calculate for simplifying, in calculated below, have employed the supposition of relatively safety.
1. " hinged " device after floading condition adjusts whole " locking " is supposed, " central island " of wind electric power ship is securely attached together with unit about, i.e. be considered as a rigid body when ship inclination, i.e. in the sense that stability, whole wind electric power ship is considered as an entirety.The conventional method in principle of naval architecture is used to calculate；
2., when unit of account blast, use maximum design wind speed (16 grades), and the most all calculate by the wind speed of high-altitude 130m height, do not consider gradient wind；
3. swept area of rotor is considered as the wind area face of rotor swept (i.e. suppose be a piece " rigid plate ")；
4. by the adjustment of outer ring element ballast water, outer ring structure a small amount of " upwarping " can be made, reach deck and do not enter water, and disregard thus impact on line style.
(2) Computing Principle
Computing formula is as follows:
H=Zc+r-Zg
In formula: the initial metacentric height of h boats and ships, m；
ZcThe height of center of buoyancy (away from baseline) of boats and ships, m；
R boats and ships waterline the moment of inertia, m4
ZgThe height of C.G. of boats and ships
Boats and ships are at maximum wind power PfThe lower angle of statical inclination θ produced of effectmaxAvailable following formula calculates:
The dynamic square M that goes all out of blastf=Pf*Zf
Ship inclination righting moment Mq=Δ l0=Δ * h*sin θ
Thus can try to achieve: θ=arcsin (Pf·Zf/Δ·h)
P in formulafMaximum turning over wind-force, kgf；
ZfThe height of the Action of Wind pressure centre-to-centre spacing water surface, m；
△ vessel displacement, t.
(3) calculating of the stability key element of diameter 200m wind electric power ship:
Conclusion: this example uses the design of " annular " unit, chooses bigger overall dimensions (diameter 200m), and waterline inertia values is the biggest.Under the design conditions of the harshest " relatively safety ", this ship still has the highest metacentric height angle value, and angle of statical inclination produced by wind-force is the least, so that it is guaranteed that the safety of wind electric power ship.Thus it can be deduced that when normal climate angle of statical inclination less, it can be ensured that the wind generator system on wind electric power ship is properly functioning.
5. suppose the stability situation during change of wind electric power ship outer annular diameter
Being computed, following table can illustrate the wind electric power ship stability situation when outer annular diameter changes:
By the result of calculation of upper table it can be seen that under the design wind speed of " safe and applicable ", this example wind electric power ship, the diameter of its outer shroud should be chosen as 180-200m, if this diameter is less than below 180m, just has the risk that stability is not enough.
6. about the Deck into water problem of this patent " wind electric power ship "
This patent wind electric power ship is in order to make full use of high altitude wind, pylon is made higher, in order to produce bigger power, the diameter of wind wheel also must be the biggest, it is higher that the two factor all causes the stability to boats and ships to require, especially initial stability is required height, i.e. under blast and wave action, the angle of statical inclination of boats and ships requires to be less value, thus ensures that wind wheel is in less rocking tendency scope (such as less than 2 °) operating.But this requires that again the beam (being then the diameter of wind electric power ship to this example) takes higher value, less at its Deck into water angle of freeboard one timing.
In high sea, for making ship deck not go up wave, require that again " Deck into water angle " is big, makes the deck of outermost ring element not be immersed in the water, is difficult to accomplish for normal shipboard.But for these " radial type " boats and ships, this is not the most a difficult problem, because the tightness of " hinged " connector and the pressur loading weight distribution of outer ring element can be adjusted, makes outer ring element " upwarp ", Deck into water situation can be changed.
Adnexa:
Subordinate list 1: " a kind of off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship " example
Major parameter conclusive table
| NO | Major parameter | Symbol | Unit | Numerical value | Remarks |
| 1 | Wind electric power ship overall length | Loa | m | 200 | |
| 2 | Wind electric power ship beam overall | Bmax | m | 200 | |
| 3 | Wind electric power ship diameter | Dmax | m | 200 | |
| 4 | Central island diameter | Φ | m | 80 | |
| 5 | Wind electric power ship unit moldeed depth | Ho | m | 6.5 | |
| 6 | Wind electric power ship unit absorbs water | To | m | 4.0 | |
| 7 | Central island moldeed depth | H | m | 8.0 | |
| 8 | Central island is absorbed water | T | m | 5.5 | 10 --> |
| 9 | The wind electric power ship Water Area Covered by VTS VTS gross area | Amax | m2 | 31416 | |
| 10 | Wind electric power ship cell mesh Water Area Covered by VTS VTS area | Ao | m2 | 11587 | |
| 11 | Wind electric power ship water surface area | S | m2 | 19829 | |
| 12 | Wind electric power ship displacement | Δ | t | 55234 | |
| 13 | Central island displacement | Δo | t | 28337 | |
| 14 | Wind electric power ship entirety initial metacentric height | h | m | 278.35 | |
| 15 | Wind electric power ship angle of statical inclination under the conditions of 16 grades of wind | θo | Degree | 2.86 | |
| 16 | Deck into water angle | θ | Degree | 1.43 | |
| 17 | Rotor diameter before wind electric power ship | D1 | m | 106 | |
| 18 | Rotor diameter after wind electric power ship | D2 | m | 165 | |
| 19 | Wind electric power ship routine output | P | kW | 10000 |
Subordinate list 2:
Subordinate list 3:
Subordinate list 4:
Claims (6)
1. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterised in that described off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship is to be made up of five major parts: the first arranges wind electric power ship body across the sea；It includes by some " annulars boats and ships unit " and is referred to as the central buoyancy aid of " central island " and is formed；They two are connected into overall " radial type connector " by it；Its three wind power plant being provided in high-altitude, including the generator bay in before and after's wind wheel, wheel hub and wheel hub；It four is the pylon rotating disk connecting wind electric power ship body and high altitude wind power plant；It five is the mooring system and submarine cable system coupled together in wind electric power ship body and seabed.
2. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterized in that, described wind electric power ship body, its periphery is an annular box buoyancy aid, it is referred to as " annular boats and ships unit ", several " annular boats and ships unit " are linked to be an entirety with " radial type connector ", are referred to as " wind electric power ship unit "；Whole wind electric power ship unit can be divided into several piece (example of this patent is 1 piece) at radial direction, also can be divided into several lobe (this example is 8 lobes) at circumferencial direction, forms several " unit " (this example is 8 unit)；The middle body of wind electric power ship body is referred to as central island, and it is also to be linked to be an entirety with " radial type connector " with each " annular boats and ships unit "；Central island can be considered as a ship, and the main deck of hull is provided with " superstructure ", designer's habitation, office, meeting room, research department and signalling arrangement etc. in it；Boats and ships main deck divide into cabin, the equipment in cabin has diesel generating set, burr pump, general service pump, main distribution board, control room, fuel oil tank, full ship piping and about boats and ships and the various auxiliary equipments etc. of wind-powered electricity generation.
3. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterized in that, described wind electric power ship " hinged " formula connecting-piece structure connects with short cable on main deck, the attachment means constituted with bitt and short cable in lower section connects, plus the rubber blanket between each unit, composition a kind of combination type, dismountable Flexible connection system.Short cable used can use winch hydraulic drum to be fastened, and the latch that bitt can use hydraulic jack to control is locked.
4. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterised in that described high altitude wind power plant includes wind turbine, wheel hub；Wheel hub is provided with the equipment such as drive system, electromotor；The wind turbine of this example uses the tandem wind turbine being provided with Impeller, and often group impeller uses changing pitch formula；Afterbody at super long type wheel hub is provided with large-scale guiding empennage, is additionally provided with wind transducer.
5. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterised in that described pylon rotating disk is to support blower fan the device being connected by wind electric power ship body with high altitude wind power plant；Pylon has two kinds of forms: one, pylon is located on a traffic cycle, it is referred to as rotary pylon, this rotating disk is firmly connected with wind electric power ship body, rotating disk is provided with the circuit orbit of carrying pylon, the guide wheel of pylon lower end can be under automatic controlling system, by fluid motor-driven, makes the related wind wheel of pylon can adapt to wind direction and rotates.Its two, this rotation dish, it is also possible to be arranged on the upper end of pylon, it arranges the circuit orbit of carrying high altitude wind power plant and rotates wheel, and pylon itself is firmly connected with wind electric power ship body, not box haul rotation.
6. an off-lying sea anti-wave type radial type wind electric power ship, it is characterised in that described mooring system determines to use which kind of anchoring approach according to the depth of water in marine site, wind electric power ship place with water-bed situation；For the general shallow sea of the depth of water about 30-150m, mooring system, the equipment such as including anchor, anchor chain, chain locker, windlass can be designed by boats and ships usual manner；The anchor being suitable for can use the gravity type anchor that concrete is constituted；The depth of water is reached hundreds of meters, and even marine site, deep-sea more than km, can use dynamic positioning system.
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| CN107444575A (en) * | 2017-08-14 | 2017-12-08 | 湖南大学 | A kind of floating platform using wave-energy power generation |
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