CN105817461B - A kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling - Google Patents
A kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling Download PDFInfo
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- CN105817461B CN105817461B CN201610168268.5A CN201610168268A CN105817461B CN 105817461 B CN105817461 B CN 105817461B CN 201610168268 A CN201610168268 A CN 201610168268A CN 105817461 B CN105817461 B CN 105817461B
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910006295 Si—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 58
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000007158 vacuum pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010793 electronic waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 241000772415 Neovison vison Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].[Pt] PXXKQOPKNFECSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of devices of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling.Including vacuum heater, several concatenated condenser, holding vessel, vacuum pump, gas bottles；The end upper of the vacuum heater is connect by conveyance conduit with condenser, is provided with valve on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater and condenser；Holding vessel is connected to the bottom of condenser, and gas bottle is connect by conveyance conduit with the last one condenser, and vacuum pump is set on the conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas bottle and condenser, is connected to whole device.It can be using waste and old circuit board electronic component as raw material using the device of the invention, finally obtain various pyrolysis oil gas and various elemental metals, realize the high added value resource utilization of waste and old circuit board electronic component, and simple process, recovery efficiency are high, and the metal and nonmetallic resource added value height of recycling, object without secondary pollution discharge, there is significant economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solid waste resource recovery technical fields.More particularly, to a kind of waste and old circuit board electronics member
The device of device high added value recycling, metal and nonmetallic height are attached in specifically a kind of efficient waste and old circuit board electronic component
The device of value added resource utilization.
Background technique
With the continuous development of information technology and the quickening of electronic product update speed, the whole world is more and more waste and old
Electronics and electrical equipment are eliminated, and form a large amount of electronic waste.Annual about 2,000 ten thousand to 5,000 ten thousand tons of Waste ammunition quilts
It abandons, and is increased with 3%~5% speed.And waste elements are primarily present on the circuit board in various electronic wastes, with
Its storage of the growth of electronic waste is also being continuously increased.Contain many kinds of substance in waste elements, such as Titanium, tin and more
Kind organic pollutant etc..If be not recycled, it is not only a kind of waste of resource, environment can also be caused very big
Pollution.
Currently, carrying out wet process or fire to residue again after the domestic mainly burning to the recovery processing of waste and old electric component
Method metallurgy, to extract metal therein；But such method is more original, and most of burning process is outdoor progress, it can be to
The a large amount of pollutant of environmental emission, does not meet the theory of green production at this stage.In addition, patent ZL200910091995.6 is " useless
Abandon the recycling and reuse method of electronic component ", a kind of new recycling side is proposed for metal in waste electronic element
Method, the relatively high metal concentrate of the available taste of the method, and it is substantially without secondary pollution；But.Since its is resulting
Metal concentrate is the mixture of various metals, and subsequent separating treatment is more troublesome, and added value is not high, and waste and old electric member device
Non-metallic components in part are unfavorable for industrialization promotion there is no effectively being recycled.
Currently, there are no the relevant report of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling unit, so, to mention
The recovery efficiency and added value of metal in high waste and old electric component, and reduce it as far as possible and environment is caused in removal process
Injury, need the device of metal and nonmetallic recycling in a kind of novel waste and old circuit board electronic component.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome lacking for existing waste and old electric component again application technology as the second resource
It falls into and insufficient, the device of metal and nonmetallic high added value resource utilization in a kind of waste and old circuit board electronic component is provided,
It is to make wherein nonmetallic pyrolysis, metal for vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy is passed through in broken electronic component feeder
Gasification, then separated them to reach the device of high added value recycling by fractional condensaion, to realize waste and old circuit board electronics member
Metal and nonmetallic green high added value recycling in device, and the device is easy to operate, recovery efficiency is high, it is environmentally protective, it can
To realize metal and nonmetallic high added value recycling in waste and old circuit board electronic component, have significant economic benefit and
Environmental benefit.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling, including vacuum heater 1, valve 2,
Several concatenated condenser 3, holding vessel 4, vacuum pump 5, gas bottles 6；The end upper of the vacuum heater 1 passes through defeated
Pipeline is sent to connect with condenser 3, valve 2 is set on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater 1 and condenser 3；Holding vessel 4
It is connected to the bottom of condenser 3, gas bottle 6 is connect by conveyance conduit with the last one condenser 3, and vacuum pump 5 is set to cold
It on conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas bottle 6 and condenser 3, is connected to whole device, guarantees vacuum heater and cold
All in vacuum state in condenser.
It is further preferred that the vacuum heater 1 is internally provided with thermocouple 9 and vacuum meter 10.
Preferably, thermocouple 8 is additionally provided with inside each condenser 3.
It is highly preferred that above-mentioned thermocouple 8 and thermocouple 9 are K-type double platinum rhodium thermocouple.
Thermocouple 9 inside the vacuum heater 1 has two, burner hearth for being fixed on vacuum heater it is interior
On wall, another puts in inside, is suspended from the intermediate position of the burner hearth of vacuum heater.
Preferably, the Si-Mo rod 11 and alundum tube 12 for being distributed in inner wall are additionally provided with inside the vacuum heater 1.Institute
The heating element of vacuum heater 1 is stated using high-quality Si-Mo rod and the temperature automatically controlled combination of PID, is guaranteed in vacuum heater
Boiling point under the conditions of recycling metal vacuum needed for maximum temperature can reach.
Further, the Si-Mo rod 11 is looped around 12 outside of alundum tube, and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.
The i.e. described alundum tube 12 is located at the most surface layer of 1 inner wall of vacuum heater, and Si-Mo rod 11 is located at middle layer.
Preferably, vacuum meter 13 is provided on the gas bottle 6.
Above-mentioned vacuum meter 10 and vacuum meter 13 are all made of ionization vacuum ga(u)ge, measurement range 10-4-102Pa.
Preferably, shared six sets be sequentially connected in series of condensation one including condenser 3 and holding vessel 4, respectively
Level-one condensation, B-grade condensation, three-level condensation, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations.Preceding three-level realizes the cold of metallic vapour
Solidifying separation, rear three-level are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction.
Preferably, each condenser 3 is individually furnished with circulating water pipeline 7.
Vacuum pyrolysis stage only rear three-level condenser working, for condensing sorting pyrolysis oil, (the vacuum pyrolysis stage need to be held
Continuous long-time enough, to guarantee that nonmetallic ingredient can be sufficiently pyrolyzed)；It is cold to continue three-level before heating up when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage
Condenser is started to work again, for condense sorting metal vapors, and this three-level condensation need to ensure metallic vapour total condensation, avoid into
Enter rear three-level condensation and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.
Furthermore it is preferred that the bottom of the vacuum heater 1 is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank 14, heating in vacuum
Remaining solid residue enters solid residue storage tank 14 by the suction of aspiration pump 15 in device 1.
It is highly preferred that be provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on the condenser 3, be located at condenser-air exit, in
At portion, collecting condensation mouth.Condensers at different levels can work independently, and temperature detecting point is designed in condenser, can be real-time
Monitor condenser internal temperature.
The vacuum pump 5 is made of forepump and oil diffusion pump, and most low energy reaches 6.7 × 10 in holding meanss-3Pa
Vacuum degree.
The heating system of the present apparatus can control vacuum drying oven and carry out two sections of heating, to complete vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy；
Preceding three-level condenser pipe is just run when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage, and rear three-level begins to work in the vacuum pyrolysis stage；Preceding three-level
Condenser pipe is used to condense and separate metallic vapour, and for rear three-level condenser pipe for condensing and separating pyrolysis oil gas, condenser pipe number can be by
Demand suitably increases and decreases；Condensing tube condensation temperature is according to required recycling metal or is pyrolyzed oil gas boiling point under vacuum and sets,
It need to guarantee that metal vapors all condenses before three-level condenser pipe after entering, to prevent polluting the pyrolysis oil gas wherein condensed out；Very
Empty unit pump needs to continue working, to maintain vacuum state in device.
Specifically, in use, the process for using of apparatus of the present invention is mainly as follows:
(1) first waste and old circuit board electronic component is crushed with crusher, enables various metals, nonmetallic materials
It will be completely dissociated；
(2) broken electronic component is sent into vacuum plant (such as vacuum drying oven), vacuum plant, which vacuumizes, (reduces environment
Lower material boiling point, is greatly lowered energy consumption, while material being avoided to react with the oxygen in air, and will not under vacuum tightness environment
There is pollutant to enter environment) after begin to warm up；
(3) it is heated, heating is divided into two stages: first stage: (non-by certain temperature is heated in vacuum plant furnace
The boiling point of metal material) after the nonmetallic ingredient (the predominantly plastic skin of component) in broken component is pyrolyzed into oil
Gas, three-level condensation starts to work and (adjusts condenser temperature by boiling point under pyrolysis oil vacuum condition) after fractional condensaion, by pyrolysis oil
Condensation liquefaction, a small amount of small molecule on-condensible gas are collected by tail portion gas bottle；Second stage: continuing to heat up, and vacuum smelting is entered in furnace
In the golden stage, Metal gasification, which enters in preceding three-level condenser, (determines each condenser according to each metal boiling point under vacuum conditions
Temperature range) so that the metal of different boiling successively liquefies, to complete the separation of different metal, it is recovered to various elemental golds
Belong to.
(4) vacuum plant releases vacuum state, takes out the elemental metals and pyrolysis oil in condensers at different levels, completes to waste and old
Metal and the recycling of nonmetallic high added value in circuit board electronic component.
Method system of the invention has the characteristics that following obvious:
(1) nonmetallic ingredient in broken electronic component is made to be pyrolyzed olefiant gas respectively using Vacuum Heat solution, and then will be non-
Metal component is successively separated；
(2) so that metal component in broken electronic component is gasified respectively using vacuum metallurgy method, and then metal component is divided
It separates out and；
(3) two sections of heatings are used, vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy is successively realized, avoids nonmetallic ingredient to metal component
The influence of subsequent recovery；
(4) fractional condensaion method is used, adjusts condensations at different levels according to the boiling point of pyrolysis oil and each metal under vacuum conditions
Temperature, so as to respectively need to recycle component condensation, to complete to metal in waste and old circuit board electronic component and nonmetallic
High added value recycling, while a small amount of on-condensible gas of small molecule is collected.
The invention has the following advantages:
Using the device of the invention various pyrolysis oil gas can be finally obtained using waste and old circuit board electronic component as raw material
With various elemental metals, metal and nonmetallic high added value resource utilization in waste and old circuit board electronic component are realized, and
And operating procedure is simple, recovery efficiency is high, and the metal recycled and nonmetallic resource added value height, object without secondary pollution discharge,
It is environmentally protective, there is significant economic benefit and environmental benefit.
In addition, being carried out under vacuum conditions when apparatus of the present invention handle waste and old circuit board electronic component, reduce under environment
Energy consumption is greatly lowered in material boiling point, while material being avoided to react with the oxygen in air, and does not have under vacuum tightness environment
Pollutant enters environment, on the basis of metal and nonmetallic high added value recycle in realizing waste and old circuit board electronic component,
It is also equipped with efficient and environmental-friendly advantage simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of condensation in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of vacuum heater 1 in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of on-condensible gas gas bottle 6 in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the process flow chart of the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component recycling in embodiment；1 is heating in vacuum
Device, 2 be valve, 3 be condenser, 4 be holding vessel, 5 be vacuum pump, 6 be gas bottle (on-condensible gas collecting tank), 7 be condensation
Device circulating water cooling system, 8 and 9 are that thermocouple, 10 and 13 are vacuum meter, 11 are Si-Mo rod, 12 are alundum tube, 14 are that solid is residual
Slag storage tank, 15 be aspiration pump, 16 be broken waste and old electric component, 17 be conveyance conduit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment, but embodiment is not to the present invention
It limits in any form.Unless stated otherwise, the present invention uses reagent, method and apparatus routinely try for the art
Agent, method and apparatus.
Unless stated otherwise, following embodiment agents useful for same and material are commercially available.
The device of 1 waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling of embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component recycling, including vacuum heater 1, valve
Door 2, several concatenated condenser 3, holding vessel 4, vacuum pump 5, gas bottles 6；The end upper of the vacuum heater 1 is logical
It crosses conveyance conduit to connect with condenser 3, valve 2 is set on the conveyance conduit between vacuum heater 1 and condenser 3；Storage
The bottom that tank 4 is connected to condenser 3 is deposited, gas bottle 6 is connect by conveyance conduit with the last one condenser 3, and vacuum pump 5 is arranged
It on conveyance conduit between condenser tail end, gas bottle 6 and condenser 3, is connected to whole device, guarantees vacuum heater
With in condenser all in vacuum state.
The device of 2 waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling of embodiment
As shown in attached drawing 1~5, a kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component recycling, being will be broken waste and old
Circuit board electronic component, which is sent into vacuum heater, makes wherein nonmetallic pyrolysis, metal by vacuum pyrolysis, vacuum metallurgy
Gasification, then separated them to reach the device of high added value recycling by fractional condensaion.
The device includes vacuum heater 1, valve 2, six concatenated condensers 3, holding vessel 4, vacuum pumps 5, gas collection
Bottle 6(on-condensible gas collecting tank), thermocouple 8 and 9, vacuum meter 10 and 13, circulating water cooling system 7, solid residue storage tank 14,
Aspiration pump 15.
The end upper of the vacuum heater 1 is connect by conveyance conduit with condenser 3, and valve 2 is set to vacuum
On conveyance conduit between heating device 1 and condenser 3；Holding vessel 4 is connected to the bottom of condenser 3, and gas bottle 6 passes through conveying
Pipeline is connect with the last one condenser 3, and vacuum pump 5 is set to the conveying between condenser tail end, gas bottle 6 and condenser 3
It on pipeline, is connected to, guarantees in vacuum heater and condenser all in vacuum state with whole device.
Further, the vacuum heater 1 is internally provided with two thermocouples 9 and vacuum meter 10, two thermocouples 9
On the inner wall of one burner hearth for being fixed on vacuum heater, another puts in inside, is suspended from the burner hearth of vacuum heater
Intermediate position.
Thermocouple 8 is additionally provided with inside each condenser 3.
Above-mentioned thermocouple 8 and thermocouple 9 are K-type double platinum rhodium thermocouple.
The Si-Mo rod 11 and alundum tube 12 for being distributed in inner wall are additionally provided with inside the vacuum heater 1.The silicon
Molybdenum bar 11 is looped around 12 outside of alundum tube, and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.The i.e. described alundum tube 12 adds positioned at vacuum
The most surface layer of 1 inner wall of thermal, Si-Mo rod 11 are located at middle layer.
The heating element of the vacuum heater 1 guarantees that vacuum adds using high-quality Si-Mo rod and the temperature automatically controlled combination of PID
Boiling point under the conditions of recycling metal vacuum needed for maximum temperature in thermal can reach.
Vacuum meter 13 is provided on the gas bottle 6.
Above-mentioned vacuum meter 10 and vacuum meter 13 are all made of ionization vacuum ga(u)ge, measurement range 10-4~102Pa.
In addition, shared six sets be sequentially connected in series of the condensation one including condenser 3 and holding vessel 4, respectively one
Grade condensation, B-grade condensation, three-level condensation, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations.Preceding three-level realizes the condensation of metallic vapour
Separation, rear three-level are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction.
Each condenser 3 is individually furnished with circulating water pipeline 7.
Vacuum pyrolysis stage only rear three-level condenser working, for condensing sorting pyrolysis oil, (the vacuum pyrolysis stage need to be held
Continuous long-time enough, to guarantee that nonmetallic ingredient can be sufficiently pyrolyzed)；It is cold to continue three-level before heating up when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage
Condenser is started to work again, for condense sorting metal vapors, and this three-level condensation need to ensure metallic vapour total condensation, avoid into
Enter rear three-level condensation and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.
It is additionally provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on the condenser 3, is located at condenser-air exit, middle part, condensation
At object collection port.Condensers at different levels can work independently, and temperature detecting point is designed in condenser, can monitor condensation in real time
Device internal temperature.
In addition, the bottom of the vacuum heater 1 is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank 14, in vacuum heater 1
Remaining solid residue enters solid residue storage tank 14 by the suction of aspiration pump 15.
The vacuum pump 5 is made of forepump and oil diffusion pump, and most low energy reaches 6.7 × 10 in holding meanss-3Pa
Vacuum degree.
The heating system of the present apparatus can control vacuum drying oven and carry out two sections of heating, to complete vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy；
Preceding three-level condenser pipe is just run when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage, and rear three-level begins to work in the vacuum pyrolysis stage；Preceding three-level
Condenser pipe is used to condense and separate metallic vapour, and for rear three-level condenser pipe for condensing and separating pyrolysis oil gas, condenser pipe number can be by
Demand suitably increases and decreases；Condensing tube condensation temperature is according to required recycling metal or is pyrolyzed oil gas boiling point under vacuum and sets,
It need to guarantee that metal vapors all condenses before three-level condenser pipe after entering, to prevent polluting the pyrolysis oil gas wherein condensed out；Very
Empty unit pump needs to continue working, to maintain vacuum state in device.
In the above-mentioned device of the present invention, be equipped with solid residue storage tank below vacuum heater, top by pipeline with
Fractional condenser is connected；Condenser bottom output end is equipped with holding vessel, is placed in series by fractional condenser, and preceding three-level realizes gold
Belong to the condensation separation of steam, rear three-level is pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction；Vacuum pump is set to condenser tail end, with whole device
Connection guarantees in furnace, solid residue storage tank and condenser are all in vacuum state.The condenser is individually furnished with recirculated water
Cooling system, vacuum pyrolysis stage only rear three-level condenser working；It is cold to continue three-level before heating up when entering the vacuum metallurgy stage
Condenser is started to work again, for condense sorting metal vapors, and this three-level condensation need to ensure metallic vapour total condensation, avoid into
Enter rear three-level condensation and pollutes pyrolysis oil therein.Vacuum pump continues working, and the on-condensible gas generated in heating process is pumped into and is collected
Gas cylinder；Remaining solid residue enters storage tank by the suction of aspiration pump in reactor.
The method of 3 waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling of embodiment
The method of waste and old circuit board electronic component recycling, the i.e. device of waste and old circuit board electronic component recycling
Application method:
Waste and old electric component 16 is crushed with crusher first, then broken waste and old electric component is sent into very
It in empty heating device 1, is dried under normal pressure, continues to vacuumize using vacuum pump 5 after forty minutes under 120 Celsius Conditions
(boiling point of material can reduce under vacuum environment, and it is avoided to react with oxygen) after the vaccum interval for reaching 0.1-1 pa, utilizes
Si-Mo rod 11 is heated.
Heating process is divided into two stages progress: being first to heat to boiling point nonmetallic under vacuum condition, broken waste and old electricity
Metal in sub- component keeps ortho states, and nonmetallic ingredient (such as plastic peel, rubber stopper) starts pyrolysis and forms pyrolysis oil
Gas, into the vacuum pyrolysis stage.Pyrolysis oil gas is entered in fractional condenser by conveyance conduit, at this time only holding vessel 44,45,
The rear three-level condenser working of 46 connections (determined by the pyrolysis oil gas boiling point under vacuum conditions of required recycling by the temperature of condenser pipe
It is fixed), pyrolysis oil enters the collecting tank of its connection in this three-level condensing tube condensation, and above react continues time enough, make vacuum
Pyrolysis can be to sufficiently progress.Continue the metal boiling point being heated under vacuum condition after the completion, into the vacuum metallurgy stage, simultaneously
The preceding three-level condenser pipe that holding vessel 41,42,43 connects is started to work, and (temperature of condenser pipe is by each metal of required recycling in vacuum
Boiling point under environment determines), the metal component in waste and old electric component evaporates to form metallic vapour, is entered by conveyance conduit
In preceding three-level condenser, each metal component liquefies in condenser pipe respectively in metallic vapour, forms the higher elemental metals of purity,
Complete the separation to different metal.
After vacuum heater releases vacuum state, the height of the recycling needed for taking out us in condenser holding vessel is additional
It is worth metal.On-condensible gas caused by vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum metallurgy stage is subsequent by remaining in the suction gas bottle 6 of vacuum pump 5
Processing avoids being directly discharged into atmosphere and generating environment polluting.
4 waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value resource utilization example of embodiment
1, material
Waste and old CD capacitor 100.
2, high added value resource utilization is carried out to the waste and old circuit board electronic component using method of the invention, specifically
Steps are as follows:
By waste and old CD capacitor all with broken crusher machine, make one of the various metals, it is nonmetallic will be completely dissociated, then sent
Enter in vacuum furnace body, is recycled using the high added value that system described in embodiment 2 carries out waste and old CD capacitor, removal process is divided into vacuum
Pyrolysis is carried out with the two stages of vacuum metallurgy.It is Celsius that 700 are warming up to after vacuum drying oven is evacuated in 0.1~1 pa vacuum ranges
Degree carries out vacuum pyrolysis, opens simultaneously the condensation of rear three-level, their temperature be set to 290 degrees Celsius, 180 degrees Celsius, it is 40 Celsius
Degree obtains three kinds of oil gas so that the oil gas that the vacuum pyrolysis stage generates is condensed in this three-level.
It is continuously heating to 1600 degrees Celsius after ten minutes in 700 degrees Celsius of heat preservations, carries out vacuum metallurgy, opens simultaneously first three
Grade condensation, their temperature distinguish 1200 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees Celsius, 600 degrees Celsius, so that the metal that the vacuum metallurgy stage generates
Steam liquefies in this three-level, obtains three kinds of metals.
The on-condensible gas that two stages generate is collected by collecting tank.
Analysis of oil is carried out to mink cell focus using high performance liquid chromatography, is carried out using gas-chromatography centering matter oil, light oil
Analysis of oil.Utilize XRD(X x ray diffraction) metal after grinding is analyzed.
3, result
(1) pyrolysis oil gas is obtained: as the result is shown, wherein heavy oil yield is smaller, includes a small amount of styrene and third in component
The high polymer of olefin(e) acid ester, it may be possible in temperature-rise period caused by melting evaporation；The component of middle matter oil is mainly styrene monomer, third
Olefin(e) acid ester monomer and its derivative；It include a variety of alkene in light oil.
(2) metal: the very high metallic aluminium simple substance of purity, the very high metallic tin simple substance of purity, lead zinc magnesium alloy is obtained.
5 waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value resource utilization example of embodiment
1, material
Waste and old CBB electric capacity 100.
2, by waste and old CBB electric capacity all with broken crusher machine, make one of the various metals, it is nonmetallic will be completely dissociated, then will
It is sent into vacuum furnace body, is recycled using the high added value that system described in embodiment 2 carries out waste and old CBB electric capacity, removal process point
It is carried out for vacuum pyrolysis and the two stages of vacuum metallurgy.It is warming up to after vacuum drying oven is evacuated in 0.1~1 pa vacuum ranges
700 degrees Celsius, carry out vacuum pyrolysis, open simultaneously the condensation of rear three-level, their temperature be set to 290 degrees Celsius, it is 180 Celsius
Degree, 40 degrees Celsius obtain three kinds of oil gas so that the oil gas that the vacuum pyrolysis stage generates is condensed in this three-level.
It is continuously heating to 1600 degrees Celsius after ten minutes in 700 degrees Celsius of heat preservations, carries out vacuum metallurgy, opens simultaneously first three
Grade condensation, their temperature distinguish 1200 degrees Celsius, 1000 degrees Celsius, 600 degrees Celsius, so that the metal that the vacuum metallurgy stage generates
Steam liquefies in this three-level, obtains three kinds of metals.
The on-condensible gas that two stages generate is collected by collecting tank.
Analysis of oil is carried out to mink cell focus using high performance liquid chromatography, is carried out using gas-chromatography centering matter oil, light oil
Analysis of oil.Utilize XRD(X x ray diffraction) metal after grinding is analyzed.
3, result
(1) pyrolysis oil gas is obtained: as the result is shown, wherein heavy oil yield is smaller, includes a small amount of styrene and third in component
The high polymer of olefin(e) acid ester, it may be possible in temperature-rise period caused by melting evaporation；The component of middle matter oil is mainly styrene monomer, third
Olefin(e) acid ester monomer and its derivative；It include a variety of alkene in light oil.
(2) metal: the very high metallic aluminium simple substance of purity, the very high metallic tin simple substance of purity, the very high zinc list of purity is obtained
Matter.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling, which is characterized in that filled including heating in vacuum
Set (1), valve (2), several concatenated condenser (3), holding vessel (4), vacuum pump (5), gas bottles (6)；The vacuum adds
The end upper of thermal (1) is connect by conveyance conduit with condenser (3), valve (2) be set to vacuum heater (1) and
On conveyance conduit between condenser (3)；Holding vessel (4) is connected to the bottom of condenser (3), and gas bottle (6) passes through delivery pipe
Road is connect with the last one condenser (3), and vacuum pump (5) is set between condenser tail end, gas bottle (6) and condenser (3)
Conveyance conduit on, be connected to whole device；The vacuum heater (1) is internally provided with thermocouple (9) and the first vacuum
It counts (10)；Shared six sets be sequentially connected in series of condensation one including condenser (3) and holding vessel (4), respectively level-one
Condensation, B-grade condensation, three-level condensation, level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation, six grades of condensations；Each condenser (3) is individually equipped with circulation
Water composite cooling pipe road (7)；Thermocouple (8) are additionally provided with inside each condenser (3)；Wherein, level-one condensation, B-grade condensation and three-level
The condensation separation of metallic vapour is realized in condensation, and level Four condensation, Pyatyi condensation and six grades of condensations are pyrolyzed oil gas for condensation liquefaction.
2. the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is additionally provided with the Si-Mo rod (11) and alundum tube (12) for being distributed in inner wall inside vacuum heater (1).
3. the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
The Si-Mo rod (11) stated is looped around on the outside of alundum tube (12), and alundum tube holds carbon dust as Heated container.
4. the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is provided with the second vacuum meter (13) on gas bottle (6).
5. the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
The bottom for stating vacuum heater (1) is additionally provided with solid residue storage tank (14), remaining solid in vacuum heater (1)
Residue enters solid residue storage tank (14) by the suction of aspiration pump (15).
6. the device of waste and old circuit board electronic component high added value recycling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
It states and is provided with 3 temperature monitoring points on condenser (3), be located at condenser-air exit, middle part, collecting condensation mouth
Place.
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| CN110152854B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2023-09-15 | 湖南金福达电子有限公司 | Method and device for recycling aluminum electrolytic capacitor waste |
| CN110925780B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2022-05-03 | 北京工业大学 | Two segmentation steel strips vacuum pyrolysis devices of waste line board |
| CN111019679A (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2020-04-17 | 中山大学 | Device for recovering energy substances from hyper-enriched plants and application thereof |
| CN115401053A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-11-29 | 铜陵鼎盛环保科技有限公司 | Device system for removing oil from oily waste metal slag and oil removing method thereof |
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