CN105810461A - Preparation method of copper-based electrical contact material - Google Patents

Preparation method of copper-based electrical contact material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105810461A
CN105810461A CN201610234805.1A CN201610234805A CN105810461A CN 105810461 A CN105810461 A CN 105810461A CN 201610234805 A CN201610234805 A CN 201610234805A CN 105810461 A CN105810461 A CN 105810461A
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China
Prior art keywords
alloy
copper
dysprosium
lanthanum
contact material
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CN201610234805.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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不公告发明人
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Suzhou Sichuang Yuanbo Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Sichuang Yuanbo Electronic Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610234805.1A priority Critical patent/CN105810461A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a copper-based electrical contact material. The copper-based electrical contact material comprises oxides of copper and tin, an oxide of dysprosium and an oxide of lanthanum, and is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 5-10wt% of a tin element, 0.2-0.5wt% of a dysprosium element, 0.5-1wt% of a lanthanum element and inevitable impurities and the balance of copper and oxygen elements. According to the prepared copper-based electrical contact material, through optimized selection of the proportions of raw materials and the technology, the structure uniformity of the material is improved; the electrical property of the material is improved; and particularly, the hardness and the wear-resisting property of the material are improved by doping rare-earth elements. SnO2 powder is prepared by a sol-gel method; and distribution of nano SnO2 in a copper matrix is uniformly dispersed, so that contact resistance reduction caused by an insulating layer formed by SnO2 enrichment can be avoided; the split action of the oxides on the matrix is reduced; the processability of the copper-based electrical contact material can be effectively improved; and the fusion welding resistance and the electrical arc erosion resistance are improved.

Description

A kind of preparation method of cuprio electric contact material
Technical field
The present invention relates to power equipment and manufacture field, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of cuprio electric contact material.
Background technology
Electric contacts is the contact element of electric switch, instrument and meter etc., is widely used in the equipment such as electric power, telecommunication system i.e. home wiring control.Copper-based electric contact material is rapidly developed due to features such as its contact resistance are low, fusion welding resisting ability is strong, abrasion resistance properties is good, anti-electroerosion ability is strong, wherein tin-oxygen-silver electric contact material is the novel environment-friendly contact material developing a kind of alternative poisonous Agcdo quickly over nearly 10 years, there is Heat stability is good, resistance to arc erosion and resistance fusion welding energy, service life length, use current range wide, therefore can guarantee that electric operation reliability.
At present, electric contact material substantially can be divided into following a few class: cuprio slider material, tungstenio slider material, cuprio slider material and noble metal base light current contactor material.Wherein, the most representational slider material is Cu-W alloy and Ag base slider material (AgSnO2, AgCdO, Ag-W system etc.) two big classes.Owing to W, Ag etc. belong to noble metal, resource reserve is limited, and uses such noble metal to make the cost of slider material prohibitively expensive as raw material, is unfavorable for popularization and application.It addition, existing slider material anti-wear performance difference and be difficult to use on sliding contact.
Copper-base contact material due to cheap, conduction, heat conductivility close with silver, the most part replace cuprio contact, minimizing noble silver loss.But, owing to copper contact material easily aoxidizes, generate copper oxide and the Red copper oxide with low-resistivity, increase the contact resistance of contact elements so that it is the most easily generate heat, cause the reliability of contact material and service life to be reduced.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of cuprio electric contact material, this cuprio electric contact material, has electrical property and the mechanical performance of excellence.
To achieve these goals, realize above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of cuprio electric contact material, this cuprio electric contact material includes copper, the oxide of stannum, the oxide of dysprosium and the oxide of lanthanum, wherein the content of tin element is 5-10wt%, and the constituent content of dysprosium is 0.2-0.5wt%, and the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5-1 wt %, and inevitable impurity, surplus element is copper and oxygen；
The method comprises the steps:
(1) oxide of stannum is prepared
Sol-gal process prepares nano SnO2Powder: by SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Alcohol-water solution add Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) dispersant, be stirred at a constant temperature, being simultaneously added dropwise ammonia to pH is 6.9-7.2, aged, wash, dry, grind and obtain gel, wherein SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Mass ratio be 8.5: 1-9: 1, in alcohol-water solution, the volume ratio of alcohol and water is 2: 1；
(2) alloy is prepared
The raw material preparing alloy is copper, dysprosium and lanthanum, wherein the weight of dysprosium and lanthanum is according in final cuprio slider material, dysprosium constituent content is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5-1 wt %, preparing, surplus is silver, and above-mentioned raw materials is smelted into alloy molten solution in induction melting furnace, after refined, it is cast into alloy billet；
(3) broken alloy
The alloy billet of gained is heated to 750 DEG C-800 DEG C, is squeezed into alloy wire；Then alloy line segment it is broken into, alloy line segment is carried out, dries, hydrogen breaks again, ball grinds, wherein alloy billet is squeezed into the alloy wire of φ 5mm-φ 7mm, then carries out drawing processing, and alloy wire drawing is machined to a diameter of φ 1mm-φ 2.5mm, broken alloy wire segment length is 10mm-50mm, and ball milling obtains the particle diameter of alloy powder less than 10 μm；
(4) internal oxidition
Being loaded in oxidation furnace by the alloy powder of gained and carry out internal oxidition, its oxidizing temperature is 700 DEG C-750 DEG C, and oxidative pressure is 0.2MPa-0.5MPa, and oxidization time is 24h-40h, obtains the alloy powder of internal oxidition；
(5) using powder metallurgical technique, according in final cuprio slider material, tin element content is 5-10wt%, by above-mentioned nano SnO2The alloy powder of powder and above-mentioned internal oxidition mixes, and sinters 8h, multiple pressure, extruding, drawing procedure through colding pressing, under 600 DEG C of high temperature, makes cuprio electric contact material.
Cuprio electric contact material prepared by the present invention, materials microstructure uniformity is improved by optimized choice then raw material ratio and technique, improve the electrical property of material, improve hardness and the anti-wear performance of material particularly by doped with rare-earth elements, use sol-gal process to prepare SnO2Powder, nano SnO2The disperse that is evenly distributed in Copper substrate, is avoided that because of SnO2Enrichment and form insulating barrier and cause contact resistance to reduce, matrix is isolated effect by minimizing oxide, can the processing characteristics of effective cuprio electric contact material, improve anti-melting welding, the ability of resistance to electrical arc erosion.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment one
The cuprio electric contact material of the present embodiment includes copper, the oxide of stannum, the oxide of dysprosium and the oxide of lanthanum, wherein the content of tin element is 5wt%, and the constituent content of dysprosium is 0.2wt%, and the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5 wt %, and inevitable impurity, surplus element is copper and oxygen.
Sol-gal process prepares nano SnO2Powder: by SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Alcohol-water solution add Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) dispersant, be stirred at a constant temperature, being simultaneously added dropwise ammonia to pH is 6.9-7.2, aged, wash, dry, grind and obtain gel, wherein SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Mass ratio be 8.5: 1, in alcohol-water solution, the volume ratio of alcohol and water is 2: 1.
The raw material preparing alloy is copper, dysprosium and lanthanum, wherein the weight of dysprosium and lanthanum is according in final cuprio slider material, dysprosium constituent content is 2wt%, the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5 wt %, preparing, surplus is silver, and above-mentioned raw materials is smelted into alloy molten solution in induction melting furnace, after refined, it is cast into alloy billet.
The alloy billet of gained is heated to 750 DEG C, is squeezed into alloy wire；Then alloy line segment it is broken into, alloy line segment is carried out, dries, hydrogen breaks again, ball grinds, wherein alloy billet is squeezed into the alloy wire of φ 5mm-, then carries out drawing processing, and alloy wire drawing is machined to a diameter of φ 1mm, broken alloy wire segment length is 10mm, and ball milling obtains the particle diameter of alloy powder less than 10 μm.
Being loaded in oxidation furnace by the alloy powder of gained and carry out internal oxidition, its oxidizing temperature is 700 DEG C, and oxidative pressure is 0.2MPa, and oxidization time is 24h, obtains the alloy powder of internal oxidition.
Using powder metallurgical technique, according in final cuprio slider material, tin element content is 5wt%, by above-mentioned nano SnO2The alloy powder of powder and above-mentioned internal oxidition mixes, and sinters 8h, multiple pressure, extruding, drawing procedure through colding pressing, under 600 DEG C of high temperature, makes cuprio electric contact material.
Embodiment two
The cuprio electric contact material of the present embodiment includes copper, the oxide of stannum, the oxide of dysprosium and the oxide of lanthanum, wherein the content of tin element is 10wt%, and the constituent content of dysprosium is 5wt%, and the content of the element of lanthanum is 1 wt %, and inevitable impurity, surplus element is copper and oxygen.
Sol-gal process prepares nano SnO2Powder: by SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Alcohol-water solution add Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) dispersant, be stirred at a constant temperature, being simultaneously added dropwise ammonia to pH is 6.9-7.2, aged, wash, dry, grind and obtain gel, wherein SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Mass ratio be 9: 1, in alcohol-water solution, the volume ratio of alcohol and water is 2: 1.
The raw material preparing alloy is copper, dysprosium and lanthanum, wherein the weight of dysprosium and lanthanum is according in final cuprio slider material, dysprosium constituent content is 0.5wt%, the content of the element of lanthanum is 1 wt %, preparing, surplus is silver, and above-mentioned raw materials is smelted into alloy molten solution in induction melting furnace, after refined, it is cast into alloy billet.
The alloy billet of gained is heated to 800 DEG C, is squeezed into alloy wire；Then alloy line segment it is broken into, alloy line segment is carried out, dries, hydrogen breaks again, ball grinds, wherein alloy billet is squeezed into the alloy wire of φ 7mm, then carries out drawing processing, and alloy wire drawing is machined to a diameter of φ 2.5mm, broken alloy wire segment length is 50mm, and ball milling obtains the particle diameter of alloy powder less than 10 μm.
Being loaded in oxidation furnace by the alloy powder of gained and carry out internal oxidition, its oxidizing temperature is 750 DEG C, and oxidative pressure is 0.5MPa, and oxidization time is 40h, obtains the alloy powder of internal oxidition.
Using powder metallurgical technique, according in final cuprio slider material, tin element content is 10wt%, by above-mentioned nano SnO2The alloy powder of powder and above-mentioned internal oxidition mixes, and sinters 8h, multiple pressure, extruding, drawing procedure through colding pressing, under 600 DEG C of high temperature, makes cuprio electric contact material.
Comparative example
By constituent element quality proportioning: cadmium: 6%；Zirconium: 3%；Cerium: 0.03%；Surplus copper.Melting ingot casting forms copper cadmium zirconium cerium alloy ingot.Copper cadmium zirconium cerium alloy ingot is heated through being squeezed into wire rod, then through pulling to the silk material of a diameter of φ 4.Silk material is cut into the suitable segment upsetting system of length with filamentary silver through cold headers by cold headers and is combined into the sheet material contact product of φ 9 × 2.By contact product diffusion annealing 150 minutes in 560 DEG C of vacuum states pour the electric furnace of argon, it is cooled to 80 DEG C with stove and takes out product.Product is loaded in the electric furnace that logical oxygen pressure is 1.2 Mpa and be 650 DEG C of oxidation processes 32 hours temperature head Xian, then be warming up to 730 DEG C of oxidation processes 30 hours with stove.Cool to less than the 100 DEG C electric contact materials come out of the stove with the furnace
Testing the electric contact material of same shape and embodiment 1-2 of size and comparative example, test result shows: the resistivity of embodiment 1-2 relatively example reduces by more than 12%, and hardness increases by more than 20%.

Claims (1)

1. the preparation method of a cuprio electric contact material, this cuprio electric contact material includes copper, the oxide of stannum, the oxide of dysprosium and the oxide of lanthanum, wherein the content of tin element is 5-10wt%, the constituent content of dysprosium is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5-1%, and inevitable impurity, surplus element is copper and oxygen；
The method comprises the steps:
(1) oxide of stannum is prepared
Sol-gal process prepares nano SnO2Powder: by SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Alcohol-water solution add Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) dispersant, be stirred at a constant temperature, being simultaneously added dropwise ammonia to pH is 6.9-7.2, aged, wash, dry, grind and obtain gel, wherein SnCl4·5H2O and TiCl4Mass ratio be 8.5: 1-9: 1, in alcohol-water solution, the volume ratio of alcohol and water is 2: 1；
(2) alloy is prepared
The raw material preparing alloy is copper, dysprosium and lanthanum, wherein the weight of dysprosium and lanthanum is according in final cuprio slider material, dysprosium constituent content is 0.2-0.5wt%, the content of the element of lanthanum is 0.5-1wt%, preparing, surplus is silver, and above-mentioned raw materials is smelted into alloy molten solution in induction melting furnace, after refined, it is cast into alloy billet；
(3) broken alloy
The alloy billet of gained is heated to 750 DEG C-800 DEG C, is squeezed into alloy wire；Then alloy line segment it is broken into, alloy line segment is carried out, dries, hydrogen breaks again, ball grinds, wherein alloy billet is squeezed into the alloy wire of φ 5mm-φ 7mm, then carries out drawing processing, and alloy wire drawing is machined to a diameter of φ 1mm-φ 2.5mm, broken alloy wire segment length is 10mm-50mm, and ball milling obtains the particle diameter of alloy powder less than 10 μm；
(4) internal oxidition
Being loaded in oxidation furnace by the alloy powder of gained and carry out internal oxidition, its oxidizing temperature is 700 DEG C-750 DEG C, and oxidative pressure is 0.2MPa-0.5MPa, and oxidization time is 24h-40h, obtains the alloy powder of internal oxidition；
(5) using powder metallurgical technique, according in final cuprio slider material, tin element content is 5-10wt%, by above-mentioned nano SnO2The alloy powder of powder and above-mentioned internal oxidition mixes, and sinters 8h, multiple pressure, extruding, drawing procedure through colding pressing, under 600 DEG C of high temperature, makes cuprio electric contact material.
CN201610234805.1A 2016-04-16 2016-04-16 Preparation method of copper-based electrical contact material Pending CN105810461A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109354057A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-19 鞍山七彩化学股份有限公司 A kind of stannum oxide nano-crystal and preparation method thereof and preparation method of solar battery

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5796017A (en) * 1993-08-23 1998-08-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Silver-based contact material, use of such a contact material, in switchgear for power engineering applications and method of manufacturing the contact material
CN102031438A (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-04-27 桂林电器科学研究院 Sliver stannic oxide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
CN104498764A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-08 靖江市海源有色金属材料有限公司 Electric contact material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5796017A (en) * 1993-08-23 1998-08-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Silver-based contact material, use of such a contact material, in switchgear for power engineering applications and method of manufacturing the contact material
CN102031438A (en) * 2010-12-31 2011-04-27 桂林电器科学研究院 Sliver stannic oxide electrical contact material and preparation method thereof
CN104498764A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-04-08 靖江市海源有色金属材料有限公司 Electric contact material and preparation method thereof

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
郑冀等: "纳米氧化锡银基电触头材料的研究", 《稀有金属材料与工程》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109354057A (en) * 2018-09-18 2019-02-19 鞍山七彩化学股份有限公司 A kind of stannum oxide nano-crystal and preparation method thereof and preparation method of solar battery
CN109354057B (en) * 2018-09-18 2021-09-14 鞍山七彩化学股份有限公司 Tin oxide nanocrystal and preparation method thereof and preparation method of solar cell

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Application publication date: 20160727