CN105806718B - Structural surface direct shear test device for accurately controlling normal stress application process - Google Patents
Structural surface direct shear test device for accurately controlling normal stress application process Download PDFInfo
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- CN105806718B CN105806718B CN201610129800.2A CN201610129800A CN105806718B CN 105806718 B CN105806718 B CN 105806718B CN 201610129800 A CN201610129800 A CN 201610129800A CN 105806718 B CN105806718 B CN 105806718B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a structural surface direct shear test device for accurately controlling a normal stress application process. The structural surface direct shear test device comprises an upper shearing box, a lower shearing box, a position adjusting component, a normal loading component and a tangential loading component, wherein the position adjusting component comprises a fixing frame, a servo motor, a ball screw pair, an expanding plate, a second sliding mechanism, a displacement sensor and a controller; the fixing frame is mounted on a normal portal frame along a tangential direction; the servo motor is mounted on the fixing frame along the tangential direction and is used for driving a screw rod of the ball screw pair to rotate; a nut is connected with a jack; an end part of a piston of a normal jack is fixedly connected with the expanding plate; the second sliding mechanism is mounted on the upper shearing box; the expanding plate is in contact with the second sliding mechanism. In a test process, the controller is used for controlling the servo motor to rotate so as to adjust the horizontal position of the normal jack, so that the force applied to the upper shearing box is the normal stress vertical to the structural surface and the abnormal damage to the sample caused by larger torque possibly generated in the test process can be eliminated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of joint straight shear test device, and in particular to a kind of adjustable normal stress applies position
Joint straight shear test device, belongs to Geotechnical Engineering field.
Background technology
Rock mass discontinuity referred in earth history evolution, formed in rock mass with certain bearing of trend and length
Degree, the relatively small geological interface of thickness or band, including layer reason, joint plane, plane of unconformity etc..Due to the presence of structural plane, pole
The earth destroys the continuity and integrality of rock mass, weakens the mechanical property and its stability of engineering rock mass.Thus, carry out rock
The research of body mechanical property of structural plane is significant.
The shear strength parameter of rock mass discontinuity is the important of engineering rock mass stability analysis and Reinforcement conceptual design
Index, the general Shear Strength Index that structural plane is obtained by test, wherein small-sized shearing instrument --- rock structural face direct shear apparatus
It is conventional instrument, due to its convenience and the simplicity of operation, can be used for field condition and interior, while can meets certain
Required precision, it is and cheap, therefore structural plane direct shear apparatus is the basis for carrying out structural plane research, however, this direct shear apparatus according to
So in place of Shortcomings.
The defect that existing structure face direct shear apparatus is present has：(1) during shearing test, upper and lower shear box can be relative
Stagger a certain distance, and the jack for applying normal force is always positioned at the middle part of shear box, so as to form one
Torque and have impact on the accuracy of test；(2) stage phase after experiment, under the effect of certain normal stress, due to upper down cut
Box relative displacement is increasing and causes torque also increasing, and the edge of structural plane lower wall can cause non-because of excessive torque
Normal destruction is so as to the accuracy for affecting to test；(3) counterforce device is a steel wire rope or narrower steel bar, counterforce device
Bottom down cut cassette bottom portion is fixed on by single bolt and allows that certain anglec of rotation, counter-force dress occur by axle of bolt
Put and deflected with the displacement of normal direction jack, so as to causing the uncertain of power and producing moment of flexure and then sample is produced
Improper destruction.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide one kind can during test adjusting method
To the horizontal force position of jack, it is easy to experimental study and engineer applied and is accurately controlled normal stress applying process
Direct shear apparatus.
Realize technical scheme that the object of the invention adopted for a kind of precise control normal direction stress applies the structural plane of process
Direct shear test device, at least including upper shear box, down cut box, normal direction charging assembly and tangential charging assembly, the normal direction adds
Carrying component includes normal direction portal frame and normal direction jack, and normal direction portal frame is installed along normal direction, its lower end and down cut box are connected, method
The first slide mechanism is tangentially provided with the inner surface at the top of portal frame, normal direction jack is installed on by the first slide mechanism
On normal direction portal frame；The tangential charging assembly includes tangential portal frame and tangential jack, and tangential jack is tangentially fixed
On the inner surface of tangential portal frame, tangential portal frame is tangentially installed on the bottom of a pair of side arms of normal direction portal frame；Normal direction
Position adjustments component is installed, the position adjustments component includes fixed mount, servomotor, ball screw assembly, expansion on portal frame
Big plate, the second slide mechanism, displacement transducer and controller, fixed mount is tangentially installed on a pair of side arms of normal direction portal frame
Top, servomotor is tangentially installed on fixed mount, the leading screw of ball screw assembly, is connected with the rotating shaft of servomotor, nut with
The side of normal direction jack is connected, and the end of the piston of normal direction jack is connected with plate is expanded, and second slide mechanism includes
Dovetail groove, guide rail base and Universal caster, dovetail groove is tangentially installed on the upper surface of shear box, the lower end position of guide rail base
Match in dovetail groove and with the shape of dovetail groove, the bottom land of dovetail groove is tangentially provided with rail groove, and Universal caster is installed
It is engaged on the lower surface of guide rail base and with rail groove, expands plate and contact with guide rail base, displacement transducer is installed on
On down cut box and connect the input of controller, output end and the servomotor of controller are electrically connected with.
It is arranged with cranse on the side of normal direction jack, one end of the nut of ball screw assembly, is connected with leading screw, the other end
It is fixedly welded on cranse.
The two ends of leading screw are equipped with the limit switch being electrically connected with the input of controller.
First slide mechanism includes slide block and the chute being mutually matched, and slide block is installed on the top of normal direction jack,
Chute is tangentially arranged on the inner surface at the top of normal direction portal frame.
The normal direction portal frame is made up of arch crown A and two vertical arm A, and chute is located at the inner surface of arch crown A
On, the lower end of vertical arm A is connected by 3 with screwing and down cut box.
The tangential portal frame is made up of arch crown B and two vertical arm B, and tangential jack is tangentially fixed on arc
On the inner surface of vault B, perpendicular to normal direction portal frame, the end of vertical arm B passes through 3 to two vertical arm B of tangential portal frame
It is connected with vertical arm A of normal direction portal frame with screwing.
Track plates are provided with dovetail groove, track plates are tangentially sequentially installed on the cuboid of dovetail groove bottom land by more than 2
Block is linked in sequence composition by elastic lead rod, and deep-slotted chip breaker is offered at the same position of each cuboid block, each cuboid block
Deep-slotted chip breaker constitutes rail groove.
Lubricating film is provided between adjacent cuboid block.
The one end open of the dovetail groove, its opening is provided with sealing groove plate.
The dovetail groove is installed on the middle part of shear box upper surface, and return-to-zero mark is provided with the middle part of dovetail groove.
As shown from the above technical solution, the precise control normal direction stress that the present invention is provided applies the structural plane staight scissors examination of process
Experiment device, increases position adjustments component on existing direct shear test device, and by normal direction portal frame normal direction jack and position are fixed
Adjusting part is put, normal direction jack is installed on normal direction portal frame by the first slide mechanism, and the first slide mechanism causes normal direction
The tangential position of jack is adjustable；Displacement transducer and controller are control unit in position adjustments component, and displacement transducer is pacified
Loaded on down cut box and connecting the input of controller, the fine motion displacement of displacement transducer collection down cut box and by signal
Transmit to controller, output end and the servomotor of controller are electrically connected with, and servomotor is executive component, receives controller
Signal simultaneously rotates corresponding angle, and control unit can monitor tangential displacement in the process of the test moment, and real-time by controller
The motion of control servomotor is so as to control tangential (level) displacement of normal direction jack, so that the normal direction that normal direction jack applies
Stress is direct stress, eliminates the possibility that moment of flexure is produced in process of the test；The ball screw assembly, that is rotated through of servomotor is converted into
Displacement tangentially, the nut of ball screw assembly, is connected with the side of normal direction jack, and nut promotes normal direction jack tangentially
Position adjustments are realized in movement；Because normal direction jack needs to apply upper shear box normal stress in test, normal direction jack is lived
The end connection of plug expands plate, expands the face area of the area much larger than normal direction jack piston of plate so that normal stress adds
Carry uniform, upper shear box and expand the second slide mechanism is installed between plate, the second slide mechanism include dovetail groove, guide rail base and
Universal caster, with guide rail base by special dovetail configuration mortise-tenon joint, Universal caster is installed on guide rail base to dovetail groove
The rail groove arranged on lower surface and with dovetail groove bottom land is engaged, and dovetail groove is fixed with one with upper shear box, expands plate
Contact with guide rail base, the two connectionless structure, be easy to the installation and removal of the second slide mechanism, when normal direction jack is loaded,
Expand the upper surface that plate pushes against guide rail base, normal stress is uniformly applied to and cuts by expanding plate, guide rail base and dovetail groove
Cut box；Guide rail base is moved when normal direction jack position changes, it is to avoid the normal direction that normal direction jack position applies when changing
Stress produces tangential component interference test.
Track plates are provided with dovetail groove, track plates can limit the activity direction of guide rail base and to the steady work of guide rail base
It is dynamic play the role of it is positive；Track plates pass through elastic conducting by more than the 2 cuboid blocks for being tangentially sequentially installed on dovetail groove bottom land
Rod is linked in sequence composition, and between adjacent cuboid block lubricating film is provided with, and the rail groove in dovetail groove is by the same position of each cuboid block
The deep-slotted chip breaker opened up in the place of putting tangentially is spliced to form, and the separate structure of track plates enables each cuboid block individually to pass
Pass load and do not affect the block of surrounding；Each cuboid block is connected as one by elastic lead rod, and elastic lead rod can be less
Power in the presence of there is limited deformation, can have fixation to each cuboid block of track plates, and do not affect single length
Transmission capacity of the cube block to its upper load.
Dovetail groove is installed on the middle part of shear box upper surface and its middle part and is provided with return-to-zero mark, to facilitate test
The middle part that normal direction jack is moved to dovetail groove is adjusted before starting, the normal stress of applying acts on shear box middle part；
The two ends of leading screw are equipped with the limit switch being electrically connected with the input of controller, can limit the displacement range of nut, prevent
Only leading screw departs from nut or causes nut over-large displacement, so as to the correctness and security of guarantee test；Dovetail groove is one
The structure of end opening, its opening is provided with sealing groove plate, to facilitate dismounting track plates, while guide rail base can be limited tangential
The displacement of (horizontal direction) activity；Nut is connected with normal direction jack by cranse, and position of the cranse on normal direction jack can
To adjust, to guarantee that cranse is located at the medium position of normal direction jack vertical direction；First slide mechanism is using slide block and chute
The structure for matching, the slide block preferably slide block with ball, the second slide mechanism is using Universal caster as sliding part, ball friction
Power is less, is conducive to normal direction jack moving horizontally under larger normal stress (its direction is straight down).
Counterforce device in direct shear test device is most important to imposed load, can be with relatively simple by counterforce device
There is provided normal force for test, in the joint straight shear test device that the present invention is provided, normal direction portal frame and the connected structure of down cut box
Normal counterforce device, tangential portal frame is connected with normal direction portal frame and constitutes tangential counterforce device, and tangential portal frame is imperial with normal direction
Door frame is constituted by arch crown and two vertical arm, and arch crown and two vertical arm are respectively provided with one fixed width, and normal direction
Portal frame passes through 3 with screwing realization with the connection of down cut box and the connection of tangential portal frame and normal direction portal frame,
3 points determine a plane, screw limit between normal direction portal frame and down cut box and tangential portal frame and normal direction portal frame it
Between there is angular displacement, normal reaction device and tangential counterforce device stabilized structure, it is ensured that the certainty of power；The position of normal direction jack
Put adjustable, the relative position of position adjustments component real-time adjustment normal direction jack and normal reaction device, to guarantee process of the test
The normal force of middle applying is the direct stress perpendicular to structural plane, and to eliminating the improper destruction in testing positive work is served
With the accuracy of raising test.
Compared with prior art, the precise control normal direction stress that the present invention is provided applies the joint straight shear test dress of process
Put with advantages below：
1st, accuracy is high：This device passes through the rail bed that improve, with the addition of divergence type, can change normal direction with process of the test
The active position of jack, it is ensured that the normal stress of applying is vertical with structural plane, i.e., normal stress is always direct stress, eliminates
The drawbacks of presently used device, so as to improve the accuracy of test.
2nd, automate：Servomotor is controlled using displacement transducer and controller in this device, regulation oneself is realized
Dynamicization, improves the accuracy of regulation process.
3rd, operating process is simple, low cost：Compared with indoor servo boxshear apparatus or in-situ shear test, the dismounting of this device
Easy for installation understandable, cost is low.
4th, use range is extensive：Slide mechanism in this device can be used for other to be needed to adjust the dress of load position
In putting.
Description of the drawings
The structure of the joint straight shear test device that Fig. 1 applies process for the precise control normal direction stress that the present invention is provided is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is the dimensional structure diagram of the second slide mechanism.
Fig. 3 is the main structure diagram of the second slide mechanism.
Fig. 4 is that the second slide mechanism removes the overlooking the structure diagram after guide rail base.
Fig. 5 is the left view structural representation of the second slide mechanism.
Fig. 6 is the mounting structure figure of servomotor.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of Universal caster.
Wherein, 1- cranses, 2- nuts, 3- leading screws, 4- servomotors, 5- fixed mounts, 6- expands plate, the skate machines of 7- second
Structure, 8- displacement transducers, 9- controllers, 10- normal direction portal frames, 11- normal direction jack, 12- tangential jack are sheared on 13-
Box, 14- down cut boxes, 15- guide rail bases, 16- Universal casters, 17- dovetail grooves, 18- lead rods, 19- rail grooves, 20- sealing groove plates,
21- cuboid blocks, 22- motor bases, 23- connecting keys, the tangential portal frames of 24-.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, present disclosure is not limited to following
Embodiment.
The precise control normal direction stress that the present invention is provided applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its structure such as Fig. 1
It is shown, including upper shear box 13, down cut box 14, position adjustments component, normal direction charging assembly and tangential charging assembly；
The normal direction charging assembly includes normal direction portal frame 10 and normal direction jack 11, and normal direction portal frame 10 is pacified along normal direction
Dress, its lower end are connected by two row's screws (4 screws) with down cut box 14, and on the side of normal direction jack 11 cranse is arranged with
1, the normal direction portal frame 10 is made up of arch crown A and two vertical arm A, the arch crown A inner surfaces of normal direction portal frame 10
On be tangentially provided with the first slide mechanism, normal direction jack 11 is installed on normal direction portal frame by the first slide mechanism, first
Slide mechanism includes the slide block that is mutually matched and chute, and slide block is installed on the top of normal direction jack, the preferred ball slider of slide block,
Chute is tangentially installed on the inner surface of arch crown A or tangentially opens up on the inner surface of arch crown A chute；
The tangential charging assembly includes tangential portal frame 24 and tangential jack 12, and the tangential portal frame 24 is by arc
Vault B and two vertical arm B are constituted, and tangential jack 12 is tangentially fixed on the inner surface of arch crown B, tangential portal frame
Two vertical arm B perpendicular to normal direction portal frame 10 and pass through two row's screws (4 screws) and normal direction portal frame 10 two
The bottom connection of vertical arm A；
Position adjustments component is installed on normal direction portal frame 10, and the position adjustments component includes fixed mount 5, servomotor
4th, ball screw assembly, expansion plate 6, the second slide mechanism, displacement transducer 8 and controller 9, fixed mount 5 passes through screw tangentially
The top of two vertical arm A of normal direction portal frame is installed on, referring to Fig. 6, servomotor 4 is tangentially pacified by motor base 22
Loaded on fixed mount 5, the leading screw 3 of ball screw assembly, is connected by connecting key 23 with the rotating shaft of servomotor 4, ball screw assembly,
One end of nut 2 is connected with leading screw 3, the other end is fixedly welded on cranse 1, and the two ends of leading screw are equipped with the input with controller
The limit switch that end is electrically connected with, the end of the piston of normal direction jack 11 is connected with plate 6 is expanded；
Referring to Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, second slide mechanism is by dovetail groove 17, track plates, guide rail base 15 and Universal caster
16, the one end open of the dovetail groove, dovetail groove 17 is tangentially installed on the middle part of the upper surface of shear box 13, dovetail groove
Middle part be provided with return-to-zero mark, opening and be provided with sealing groove plate 20, the lower end of guide rail base 15 is located in dovetail groove and and dovetail
The shape of groove matches, and track plates are located at the bottom land of dovetail groove, and track plates are tangentially sequentially installed on dovetail groove groove by more than 2
The cuboid block 21 at bottom is linked in sequence composition by elastic lead rod 18, and lubricating film, each cuboid are provided between adjacent cuboid block
Deep-slotted chip breaker is offered at the same position of block 21, the deep-slotted chip breaker of each cuboid block constitutes rail groove 19, and Universal caster 16 is (as schemed
Shown in 7) it is installed on the lower surface of guide rail base 15 and is engaged with rail groove 19, expand plate 6 upper with guide rail base 15
Surface contacts, and displacement transducer 8 is installed on down cut box 13 and connects the input of controller 9, the output end of controller 9
It is electrically connected with servomotor 4.
Using the device that the present invention is provided, when structural plane direct shear apparatus is operated, its process is：
1st, first the second slide mechanism is installed on into the middle part of upper shear box, normal direction jack, connection is installed and is expanded
Plate, while the medium position that cranse is located at jack is set with, temporary close power supply after debugging servomotor；
2nd, the structural fece sample in natural structure face or manual manufacture is put within down cut box, and upper shear box button
On sample；
The 3rd, tangential loading jack is installed；
4th, portal frame is installed, zero adjustment is carried out to the position of normal direction jack so as in the pars intermedia of upper shear box
Position；
5th, servo motor power supply is opened；
6th, normal stress is selected, according to design stress first order normal stress is applied, that is, pressurize normal direction jack, works as arrival
Stop pressurization during design normal force；
7th, after normal stress reaches predetermined value, then apply tangential force load, control the loading velocity of tangential force load,
Sample relative displacement is per minute less than 2mm, and per 0.2～0.5mm of displacement once corresponding shear stress values and tangential position are recorded
Move；
8th, in process of the test, the moment observes the perpendicularity of normal direction jack, the position of the loading velocity generation of tangential jack
Shifting can not be too fast, may not exceed the speed that servomotor adjusts normal direction jack；
9th, when the off-test under first order normal stress, tangential force load is first laid down, then lays down normal force load
Lotus, pushes away sample and restores position or change sample, by the zeroing of this device, applies second level normal stress, starts second and rubs.Typically
In the case of, normal stress need to apply 3～5 grades, often become a normal stress, once be rubbed；
10th, friction is finished, and removes instrument, lays instrument.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of precise control normal direction stress applies the joint straight shear test device of process, at least including upper shear box, under cut
Cut box, normal direction charging assembly and tangential charging assembly, it is characterised in that：The normal direction charging assembly includes normal direction portal frame and method
To jack, normal direction portal frame is installed along normal direction, its lower end and down cut box are connected, edge on the inner surface at the top of normal direction portal frame
The first slide mechanism is tangentially provided with, normal direction jack is installed on normal direction portal frame by the first slide mechanism；It is described tangentially to add
Carrying component includes tangential portal frame and tangential jack, and tangential jack is tangentially fixed on the inner surface of tangential portal frame,
Tangential portal frame is tangentially installed on the bottom of a pair of side arms of normal direction portal frame；Position adjustments group is installed on normal direction portal frame
Part, the position adjustments component includes that fixed mount, servomotor, ball screw assembly, expansion plate, the second slide mechanism, displacement are passed
Sensor and controller, fixed mount is tangentially installed on the top of a pair of side arms of normal direction portal frame, and servomotor is tangentially installed
On fixed mount, the leading screw of ball screw assembly, is connected with the rotating shaft of servomotor, the side of nut and normal direction jack is connected, method
End to the piston of jack is connected with plate is expanded, and second slide mechanism includes dovetail groove, guide rail base and universal rolling
Pearl, dovetail groove is tangentially installed on the upper surface of shear box, and the lower end of guide rail base is located in dovetail groove and and dovetail groove
Shape match, the bottom land of dovetail groove is tangentially provided with rail groove, and Universal caster is installed on the lower surface of guide rail base simultaneously
And be engaged with rail groove, expanding plate and contact with guide rail base, displacement transducer is installed on down cut box and connects control
The input of device, output end and the servomotor of controller are electrically connected with.
2. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 1 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：It is arranged with cranse on the side of normal direction jack, one end of the nut of ball screw assembly, is connected with leading screw, other end welding
It is fixed on cranse.
3. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 2 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：The two ends of leading screw are equipped with the limit switch being electrically connected with the input of controller.
4. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 1 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：First slide mechanism includes slide block and the chute being mutually matched, and slide block is installed on the top of normal direction jack, chute
Tangentially it is arranged on the inner surface at the top of normal direction portal frame.
5. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 4 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：The normal direction portal frame is made up of arch crown A and two vertical arm A, and chute is located on the inner surface of arch crown A,
The lower end of vertical arm A is connected by 3 with screwing and down cut box.
6. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 5 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：The tangential portal frame is made up of arch crown B and two vertical arm B, and tangential jack is tangentially fixed on arc
On the inner surface of top B, two vertical arm B of tangential portal frame perpendicular to normal direction portal frame, the end of vertical arm B by 3 with
Screwing is connected with vertical arm A of normal direction portal frame.
7. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 1 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：Track plates are provided with dovetail groove, track plates are led to by more than the 2 cuboid blocks for being tangentially sequentially installed on dovetail groove bottom land
Cross elastic lead rod to be linked in sequence composition, deep-slotted chip breaker, the arc of each cuboid block are offered at the same position of each cuboid block
Groove constitutes rail groove.
8. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 7 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：Lubricating film is provided between adjacent cuboid block.
9. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 7 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：The one end open of the dovetail groove, its opening is provided with sealing groove plate.
10. precise control normal direction stress according to claim 1 applies the joint straight shear test device of process, its feature
It is：The dovetail groove is installed on the middle part of shear box upper surface, and return-to-zero mark is provided with the middle part of dovetail groove.
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| CN107764665B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2024-06-11 | 广西大学 | Vertical load loading device for composite torsion experiment |
| CN109029967B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国特种飞行器研究所 | A strength test device for aerostatics connecting piece |
| CN110020486B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2022-03-22 | 西北工业大学 | Friction-considered contact characteristic calculation method for planetary roller screw pair |
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| CN105806718A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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