CN105803236A - Amorphous alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Amorphous alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an amorphous alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof. The composite takes an aluminum matrix amorphous alloy as a reinforcement and takes an aluminum alloy as a matrix, and the aluminum matrix amorphous alloy is uniformly dispersed in the aluminum alloy. The preparation method is simple to operate, the temperature of a preparation process is low, and the composite can be prepared through a simple hot-pressed sintering process. The interface bonding strength of the aluminum matrix amorphous alloy and the aluminum alloy matrix is high, the interface state is good, and aluminum matrix amorphous alloy particles are uniformly distributed in the matrix and not easy to aggregate, so that the prepared composite is high in density and good in mechanical property, that is, the strength and the hardness are high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aluminum matrix composite of a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal enhancing and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of composite preparation.
Background technology
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has the performance that high specific strength, high ratio modulus, wearability and good stability of the dimension etc. are excellent.As a kind of novel structural material, it is with a wide range of applications in fields such as Aero-Space, automobile, the communications industries, it is also possible to as the additive of high grade paint.But, owing to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is moulding and toughness is poor, which has limited its application in structural material.How to improve its moulding and toughness, be always up the target that researcher is pursued.
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is made up of reinforced particulate and matrix, and wide variety of reinforcement material has SiC, Al at present2O3Deng, because they density are low, elastic modelling quantity is high.But these granules have disadvantages that as reinforcement, for instance bad interfacial reaction can occur at the interface of matrix and reinforcement, makes interface there will be stripping problem, and consistency and the mechanical property etc. of composite can be caused downward trend occur.
Compared with ceramic particle, non-crystaline amorphous metal has high intensity, hardness, wearability, corrosion resistance, can form good interface with matrix material, and interface binding power also can strengthen, it is to avoid the situation that above-mentioned interface cohesion is not good.
Summary of the invention
Shortcoming and defect for prior art, the invention provides the aluminum matrix composite that a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens, described composite is with al based amorphous alloy for reinforcement, with aluminium alloy for matrix, reinforcement is uniformly dispersed, high with basal body interface bond strength, interface state is good, and the consistency of composite and hardness are high.
The preparation method that present invention also offers the aluminum matrix composite that above-mentioned non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens, the method is simple to operate, technological temperature is relatively low, owing to the Al base noncrystal alloy crystallization temperature of preparation is higher than 1200K, there is splendid heat stability, therefore still exist with stable amorphous phase in sintering process, reinforcement is good with basal body interface bonding state.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The aluminum matrix composite that a kind of non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens, this composite is with al based amorphous alloy for reinforcement, and with aluminium alloy for matrix, al based amorphous alloy is uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy.
In above-mentioned composite, the volume fraction shared by al based amorphous alloy is 5% ~ 40%, and the volume fraction shared by aluminium alloy is 60% ~ 95%.
In above-mentioned composite, described al based amorphous alloy preferentially selects AlFe system non-crystaline amorphous metal.The performance of composite can be played better potentiation by the alloy of the alloy ratio crystallization state of noncrystalline state.High (> 1200K of the initial crystallization temperature of AlFe non-crystaline amorphous metal of the present invention), Heat stability is good, sintering process will not occur crystallization.
In above-mentioned AlFe non-crystaline amorphous metal, the atomic percent of Al and Fe is 70 ~ 85:15 ~ 30, for instance Al85Fe15Non-crystaline amorphous metal, Al70Fe30Non-crystaline amorphous metal.
In above-mentioned composite, described aluminium alloy can select the trade mark to be 2XXX series or the aluminium alloy of 6XXX series.The aluminium alloy that 2XXX series is is main alloy element with copper, 6XXX series is for main alloy element and with Mg with magnesium2Si phase is the aluminium alloy of hardening constituent.
Composite of the present invention is made up of al based amorphous alloy and aluminium alloy, because the difference of aluminium alloy capability, the performance of gained composite has different.Because reinforcement is also with aluminum for host element, and being easier between aluminum substrate combine, the interface bond strength between reinforcement and matrix is high, and interface state is good, is not easily disengaged from.
In composite of the present invention, al based amorphous alloy disperses in the base with graininess, and even particle distribution, it does not have agglomeration, gained composite consistency and hardness are greatly improved.Additionally, reinforcement and matrix are well combined, the intensity of composite, hardness improve.
The preparation method that present invention also offers the aluminum matrix composite that this non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens, the method first prepares al based amorphous alloy powder, again al based amorphous alloy powder and Al alloy powder mixing and ball milling are prepared mixed material, finally by mixed material vacuum heating-press sintering molding, to obtain final product.
Preparation method of the present invention, specifically includes following steps:
(1) al based amorphous alloy powder is prepared: Al powder and Fe powder being mixed, add in ball grinder, carry out mechanical alloying under noble gas and protectant protection, rotating speed 300rpm during ball milling, until obtaining al based amorphous alloy powder；
(2) mixed powder: al based amorphous alloy powder and Al alloy powder are put in ball grinder and sealed, and ball milling 10-15h, obtains mixed material under the rotating speed of 200rpm；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is first incubated under 723K ~ 823K 15 ~ 20min, is then warmed up to 823K ~ 873K, is forced into 5 ~ 10MPa, be incubated 25 ~ 30min, obtain the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens.
In the inventive method, gained al based amorphous alloy powder is AlFe amorphous powdered alloy, the atomic percent of Al and Fe is preferably 70 ~ 85:15 ~ 30, its good thermal stability, initial crystallization temperature is high, can well keep amorphous characteristic in follow-up sintering range, and the interface of alloy matrix aluminum can extraordinary combination.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the purity 99.9wt.% of Al powder and Fe powder.
In above-mentioned steps (1), mechanical alloying carries out under noble gas and protective agent are protected, it is prevented that alloy oxidation.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the preferred 300rpm of rotating speed, the more preferably 350rpm, for instance 300 ~ 400rpm during mechanical alloying, it is easier at high speed form non-crystaline amorphous metal.
In above-mentioned steps (1), ratio of grinding media to material during mechanical alloying is 10:1 ~ 20:1.
In above-mentioned steps (1), the mechanical alloying time is at more than 100h, for instance 100 ~ 250h, it is preferable that 150-250h.
In the inventive method, first the abundant ball milling mixing in ball mill of non-crystaline amorphous metal and aluminium alloy be sintered, preparation technology temperature is relatively low again, it is to avoid the generation of unfavorable interfacial chemical reaction and the formation of brittlement phase, improves properties of product.
In above-mentioned steps (2), the volume fraction of al based amorphous alloy powder is 5% ~ 40%, and the volume fraction of Al alloy powder is 60 ~ 95%.Within the scope of this, the volume fraction of al based amorphous alloy powder is more high, the intensity of product, and hardness is more high.
In above-mentioned steps (2), ball milling carries out under inert gas shielding.
Rotating speed 200rpm in above-mentioned steps (2), during ball milling, for instance 200 ~ 350rpm.
In above-mentioned steps (2), ratio of grinding media to material during ball milling is 10:1 ~ 20:1.
In above-mentioned steps (3), mixed material is put in the graphite grinding tool of required form, be then sintered in vacuum sintering funace, the composite of required form after sintering, can be obtained.
In above-mentioned steps (3), sintering is first incubated under 723K ~ 823K, then is incubated under 823K ~ 873K.The temperature of second time insulation is higher than the temperature of first time insulation.Second time insulation is pressurizeed, and adds to pressure 5 ~ 10MPa and is sintered.
In above-mentioned steps (3), when sintering heats up, heating rate 3K/min after heating rate 10K/min, 623K before 623K.
In above-mentioned steps (3), it is sintered in vacuum sintering funace and carries out.
The invention have the advantages that and beneficial effect:
(1) the al based amorphous alloy powder of the present invention has under higher initial crystallization temperature, excellent heat stability, sintering temperature crystallization not to occur and can keep amorphous phase substitutive characteristics, improve the performance of composite.
(2) in the composite of the present invention, al based amorphous alloy granule is high with alloy matrix aluminum interface bond strength, interface state is good, al based amorphous alloy granule is evenly distributed in the base, not easily reunite, gained composite consistency and good mechanical properties, the advantage with high intensity, high rigidity.
(3) present invention is simple to operate, preparation technology temperature is low, just can be prepared composite by simple hot-pressing sintering technique, it is to avoid the generation of unfavorable interfacial chemical reaction and the formation of brittlement phase, it is achieved that composite material strength and improving while hardness；And preparation technology is simple, cost is low, good stability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Al obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 185Fe15The XRD figure spectrum of non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Fig. 2 is the Al obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 185Fe15The crystallization temperature figure of non-crystaline amorphous metal.
Fig. 3 is the Al obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 285Fe15The SEM collection of illustrative plates of non-crystaline amorphous metal reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15; it is put in ball grinder; add stearic acid as protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 350rpm; mechanical alloying 200h when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, obtains Al85Fe15Amorphous powdered alloy；The XRD figure of non-crystaline amorphous metal is shown in Fig. 1, as can be seen from the figure within 200 hours, amorphous phase has occurred.The crystallization temperature figure of non-crystaline amorphous metal is shown in Fig. 2, it can be seen that its initial crystallization temperature is 1209K.
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 2024 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:4, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, the mixed powder 10h of ball milling, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is put in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, it is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, obtain non-crystaline amorphous metal reinforced aluminum matrix composites, sintering step is: be first incubated 15min under 723K, then 823K it is warmed up to, it is forced into 5MPa, is incubated 30min；Heating rate 3K/min after 623K heating rate 10K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has typical metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 2
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15; it is put in ball grinder; add stearic acid as protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 400rpm; mechanical alloying 160h when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, obtains Al85Fe15Amorphous powdered alloy, its XRD figure is similar with Fig. 1, and initial crystallization temperature is 1207K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 2:3, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, mixed powder 10h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is put in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, it is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, obtain non-crystaline amorphous metal reinforced aluminum matrix composites, sintering step is: be first incubated 20min under 773K, then 823K it is warmed up to, it is forced into 10MPa, is incubated 25min；Heating rate 2K/min after 623K heating rate 8K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM schemes as it is shown on figure 3, as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 3
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 350rpm, mechanical alloying 180h when ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, obtain Al85Fe15Amorphous powdered alloy, its XRD figure is similar with Fig. 1, and initial crystallization temperature is 1209K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 3:7, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, mixed powder 10h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is put in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, it is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, obtain non-crystaline amorphous metal reinforced aluminum matrix composites, sintering step is: be first incubated 15min under 723K, then 823K it is warmed up to, it is forced into 8MPa, is incubated 30min；Heating rate 3K/min after 623K heating rate 10K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 4
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 600rpm, mechanical alloying 150h when ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, obtain Al85Fe15Amorphous powdered alloy, its XRD figure is similar with Fig. 1, and initial crystallization temperature is 1209K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:19, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 300rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, mixed powder 10h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: put into by mixed material in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, and is first incubated 15min under 823K, is then warmed up to 873K, is forced into 5MPa, be incubated 30min；Heating rate 3K/min after 623K heating rate 10K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 5
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 350rpm, mechanical alloying 180h when ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, obtain Al85Fe15Amorphous powdered alloy, its XRD figure is similar with Fig. 1, and initial crystallization temperature is 1209K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:9, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 20:1, mixed powder 10h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: put into by mixed material in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, and is first incubated 15min under 773K, is then warmed up to 873K, is forced into 5MPa, be incubated 30min；Heating rate 3K/min after 623K heating rate 10K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 6
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 70:30, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 300rpm, mechanical alloying 300h when ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, obtain Al70Fe30Amorphous powdered alloy, its initial crystallization temperature is more than 1200K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al70Fe30The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 3:7, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 200rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, mixed powder 15h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: put into by mixed material in the column type graphite grinding tool of diameter 45mm, is put in vacuum sintering funace and sinters, and is first incubated 15min under 773K, is then warmed up to 873K, is forced into 5MPa, be incubated 30min；Heating rate 3K/min after 623K heating rate 10K/min, 623K in the past.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment 7
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 50:50, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 350rpm, mechanical alloying 200h when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, obtain Al50Fe50Amorphous powdered alloy, its initial crystallization temperature is more than 1200K；
(2) mixed powder: by Al obtained above50Fe50The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 2024 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:4, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, the mixed powder 10h of ball milling, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is sintered according to the method for embodiment 1.Gained composite has metallic luster, and its SEM collection of illustrative plates is similar with Fig. 3, and as can be seen from the figure amorphous particle is evenly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum.
Comparative example 1
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: with embodiment 2；
(2) mixed powder: by Al85Fe15The Al alloy powder of amorphous powdered alloy and the trade mark 6061 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:1, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, mixed powder 10h, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: with embodiment 2.Because amorphous powdered alloy and the change of Al alloy powder volume ratio, the product obtained does not have metallic luster, product to be black, and surface has powder to drop, and this illustrates that non-crystaline amorphous metal and aluminium alloy interface cohesion are bad.
Comparative example 2
(1) amorphous powdered alloy is prepared: the Al powder of purity 99.9 and Fe powder are weighed according to atomic percent 85:15, be put in ball grinder, add protective agent; ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas; then at rotating speed 350rpm, mechanical alloying 60h when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, the Al obtained85Fe15The XRD figure of alloy powder is shown in Fig. 1, as can be seen from the figure products obtained therefrom not noncrystalline state completely；
(2) mixed powder: by Al obtained above85Fe15The Al alloy powder of alloy powder and the trade mark 2024 is put in ball grinder according to volume ratio 1:4, ball grinder evacuation, applying argon gas, and then at rotating speed 350rpm, when ratio of grinding media to material 15:1, the mixed powder 10h of ball milling, obtains mixed material；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is sintered according to the method for embodiment 1, products obtained therefrom has metallic luster, but mechanical property is not good.
Characterized the performance of each product of gained by hardness, the method for testing of Vickers hardness is: using microhardness instrument to measure the hardness of material under the pressure of 200g, 15 points made a call to by each sample, then average.Each embodiment and comparative example products obtained therefrom Vickers hardness are as follows:
Note: the Vickers hardness of 6061 aluminium alloys is 44 ~ 95HV, the Vickers hardness of 2024 aluminium alloys is 120 ~ 145HV.
Claims (10)
1. the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens, is characterized in that: described composite is with al based amorphous alloy for reinforcement, and with aluminium alloy for matrix, al based amorphous alloy is uniformly dispersed in aluminium alloy.
2. the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal according to claim 1 strengthens, is characterized in that: in composite, the volume fraction of al based amorphous alloy is 5% ~ 40%, and the volume fraction of aluminium alloy is 60% ~ 95%.
3. the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal according to claim 1 strengthens, is characterized in that: described al based amorphous alloy is AlFe non-crystaline amorphous metal；Described aluminium alloy refers to that the trade mark is 2XXX series or the aluminium alloy of 6XXX series.
4. the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal according to claim 1 strengthens, is characterized in that: in described AlFe non-crystaline amorphous metal, the atomic percent of Al and Fe is 70 ~ 85:15 ~ 30.
5. a preparation method for the aluminum matrix composite that the non-crystaline amorphous metal according to any one of claim 1 ~ 4 strengthens, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) al based amorphous alloy powder is prepared: Al powder and Fe powder being mixed, add in ball grinder, carry out mechanical alloying under noble gas and protectant protection, rotating speed 300rpm during ball milling, until obtaining al based amorphous alloy powder；
(2) mixed powder: al based amorphous alloy powder and Al alloy powder are put in ball grinder and sealed, and ball milling 10-15h, obtains mixed material under the rotating speed of 200rpm；
(3) vacuum heating-press sintering: mixed material is first incubated under 723K ~ 823K 15 ~ 20min, is then warmed up to 823K ~ 873K, is forced into 5 ~ 10MPa, be incubated 25 ~ 30min, obtain the aluminum matrix composite that non-crystaline amorphous metal strengthens.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the rotating speed 300rpm in step (1), during ball milling.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (1), and Ball-milling Time is 100 ~ 250h.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (1) and (2), and ratio of grinding media to material is 10:1 ~ 20:1.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (1) and (2), ball milling carries out under inert gas shielding.
10. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: in step (3), is sintered in vacuum sintering funace and carries out.
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