CN105800750A - Heavy metal waste water treatment method and device - Google Patents
Heavy metal waste water treatment method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105800750A CN105800750A CN201410848833.3A CN201410848833A CN105800750A CN 105800750 A CN105800750 A CN 105800750A CN 201410848833 A CN201410848833 A CN 201410848833A CN 105800750 A CN105800750 A CN 105800750A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heavy metal waste water treatment method and device. The method comprises that based on a chemical precipitation method, a basic agent and an auxiliary agent are added into heavy metal waste water, the mixture undergoes a reaction to obtain sludge containing heavy metal ions and the residual auxiliary agent, a part of the sludge is dissolved in the untreated heavy metal waste water and the heavy metal waste water with the sludge undergoes a reaction based on a chemical precipitation method. The heavy metal waste water treatment method can reduce a sludge amount and an auxiliary agent use amount.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wastewater treatment industry, especially relate to a kind of process for treating heavy-metal waste water and equipment.
Background technology
Producing plurality of heavy metal waste water in the production process of Surface Processing Industry, metal ion content is beyond discharging standards several times to hundreds times not etc..In order to make heavy metal ion reach discharge standard, now widely used technology is chemical precipitation method, namely by the addition of chemical agent, deliquescent metal ion is converted into precipitable insoluble petal compound, then pass through the technology such as precipitation and separate meeting the waste water processing requirement with the mud containing metal pollutant, after discharged wastewater met the national standard or entrance, road processes program, and mud belongs to hazardous waste, providing funds to entrust has the unit of qualification to dispose.
Except adding the necessary basic medicament of chemical reaction in the wastewater treatment process of chemical precipitation method, such as acid, alkali, oxidant, reducing agent etc., need to add assistant medicament always according to technique, such as iron salt, ferrous salt, aluminium salt, calcium salt etc..These assistant medicaments directly with heavy metal contaminants generation chemical reaction, but the effect for raising wastewater treatment has great role.Such as waste water adds iron salt can improve coagulation effect, accelerates precipitation；Add impacts that can reduce chelating agent heavy metal ion such as calcium salt etc..Owing to assistant medicament is not involved in chemical reaction, therefore, it is difficult to calculate dosage exactly, generally determine only by experiment or experience.The dosage preset when the concentration of heavy metal ions in wastewater or other conditions change is it is possible to greatly deviate from actual demand amount.In order to ensure water treatment effect, it is to avoid risk of exceeding criterion, operator is often excessive adds assistant medicament, even substantially exceeds actual demand amount.The excessive assistant medicament that adds can produce two big problems, and one is that dosing rises significantly, directly increases cost for wastewater treatment；Two is being greatly increased of sludge quantity, and the expense of sludge treatment increases accordingly, indirectly improves the cost of wastewater treatment.Principle, in order to tackle Protean waste component, it is ensured that wastewater to reach standard, the dosage improving assistant medicament is necessary.But, overdose of medicine agent translates into mud after participating in a wastewater treatment, not only loses its value but also adds the burden of sludge treatment.For electroplating wastewater processing, heavy metal nickel ion containing below 50mg/L, and the waste water containing a certain amount of organic complexing agent (such as citric acid, tartaric acid etc.), in order to alleviate the impact of chelating agent heavy metal precipitation and obtain good sedimentation effect, wastewater treatment generally requires and is added up to 1000-1500mg/L, even the ferrous sulfate of higher concentration.Result is that waste water per ton creates the mud being transformed by ferrous ion and is about 1-1.5Kg (moisture content 70%), and sludge quantity produced by major pollutants is less than its half.Owing to sludge quantity increases, it is necessary to being equipped with bigger device for dehydrating sladge waste, bigger sewage sludge storage place, operation labor intensity also improves accordingly, and investment and operating cost increase accordingly.Sludge quantity remains high and has become as general the difficult problem of environmental protection.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of process for treating heavy-metal waste water and equipment, it is possible to reduce sludge quantity.
The present invention solves that above-mentioned technical problem employed technical scheme comprise that a kind of process for treating heavy-metal waste water, comprise the following steps: heavy metal wastewater thereby is added basis medicament and assistant medicament reacts；Obtain including heavy metal ion and remaining the mud of assistant medicament through reaction postprecipitation；A part for this mud is dissolved in undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby；And the heavy metal wastewater thereby having dissolved mud is processed then through chemical precipitation method
In one embodiment of this invention, step heavy metal wastewater thereby addition basis medicament and assistant medicament reacted is to carry out in batch reactor, and obtains the mud of precipitation bottom batch reactor.
In one embodiment of this invention, step heavy metal wastewater thereby addition basis medicament and assistant medicament reacted is to carry out in flow reactor, and reacted heavy metal wastewater thereby exports sedimentation tank precipitation acquisition mud.
In one embodiment of this invention, said method also includes the part by weight of the reuse part with reference to this mud and determines the assistant medicament dosage of secondary response again.
In one embodiment of this invention, the reuse of this mud is 40-60% part by weight.
The present invention also proposes a kind of heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus, including accommodating pond and batch reactor.Undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby is placed in accommodating pond.Batch reactor connects this accommodating pond, input heavy metal wastewater thereby and add basis medicament and assistant medicament react, the sludge settling of heavy metal ion and residual assistant medicament is included bottom batch reactor after reaction, wherein after every secondary response, a part for this mud is resided in this batch reactor.
The present invention also proposes a kind of heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus, including accommodating pond, flow reactor and sedimentation tank.Undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby is placed in accommodating pond.Flow reactor connects this accommodating pond, and input heavy metal wastewater thereby also adds basis medicament and assistant medicament reacts.Sedimentation tank connects this flow reactor, and input is through reacted waste water, it is thus achieved that precipitation include heavy metal ion and the mud of residual assistant medicament, a part for this mud is returned in the most prime of this flow reactor.
Due to the fact that the above technical scheme of employing, so as to compared with prior art, by a precipitating sludge part is carried out reuse, with the assistant medicament that recycling wherein remains, thus significantly reducing the generation amount of mud, and saving assistant medicament use cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
For the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the process for treating heavy-metal waste water flow process of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention describe a kind of process for treating heavy-metal waste water, it is possible to reduce sludge quantity.
In order to tackle Protean waste component in prior art, it is ensured that the assistant medicament that wastewater to reach standard adds is often excessive.But this way enlarges markedly sludge quantity and corresponding cost of disposal.
The feature that embodiments of the invention are underused for excessive assistant medicament, it is proposed to the method for recycling assistant medicament.
Fig. 1 illustrates the process for treating heavy-metal waste water flow process of one embodiment of the invention.With reference to shown in Fig. 1, according to the present embodiment, method comprises the following steps:
In step 11, heavy metal wastewater thereby is reacted through chemical precipitation method addition basis medicament and assistant medicament.
In step 12, it is thus achieved that including heavy metal ion and remaining the mud of assistant medicament through reaction postprecipitation.
In step 13, a part for mud is dissolved in undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby.
In step 14, the heavy metal wastewater thereby having dissolved mud is reacted then through chemical precipitation method.
The mud ratio being dissolved in undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby can be as the case may be, for instance the kind of heavy metal wastewater thereby, heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration are determined.It is said that in general, this ratio can be 40-60% part by weight.Additionally, when reuse mud carries out chemical reaction after dissolving again, the dosage of assistant medicament is referred to the mud part by weight of aforementioned reuse to be determined.If the mud part by weight of reuse is higher, then the dosage of assistant medicament can reduce, otherwise then increases.The number of times being appreciated that mud reuse can be once, two or more times, until the mud that test finds reuse substantially cannot have positive role by heavy metal qualified discharge.
Fig. 2 illustrates the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.With reference to shown in Fig. 2, what the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus 20 of the present embodiment adopted is that retention formula recycles mode to reuse assistant medicament.Specifically, heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus 20 includes accommodating pond 21 and batch reactor 22.Undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby is placed in accommodating pond 21.Batch reactor 22 connects accommodating pond 21, and input heavy metal wastewater thereby also adds basis medicament with chemical precipitation method, such as acid, alkali, oxidant, reducing agent etc., in addition it is also necessary to add necessary assistant medicament, such as inorganic salts such as iron salt, calcium salt, aluminium salt.Coagulating sedimentation after after chemical reaction, supernatant enters remaining processing sequences, and such as filtration, pH regulator, ion exchange etc., and heavy metal ion in waste water and assistant medicament composition are deposited in the bottom 22a of batch reactor 22 in form of a sludge.According to a conventional method, these mud are all discharged after batch reactor 22 carries out dehydration and drying and are disposed, and the assistant medicament underused in mud also runs off in the lump.According to the present embodiment, by a part for mud, for instance 40-60% part by weight is retained in batch reactor 22.In next batch reacts, the mud of retention will be dissolved, and the assistant medicament in mud will be discharged in heavy metal wastewater thereby and participate in reaction, thus being reused.Therefore this mode can utilize assistant medicament in mud to a greater degree, reduces reagent cost, and reduces the generation amount of mud.
Fig. 3 illustrates the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus of another embodiment of the present invention.With reference to shown in Fig. 3, what the heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus 30 of the present embodiment adopted is that reverse-flow type recycles mode to reuse assistant medicament.Specifically, heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus 30 includes accommodating pond 31, flow reactor 32 and sedimentation tank 33.Undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby is placed in accommodating pond 31.Flow reactor 32 connects accommodating pond 31, and input heavy metal wastewater thereby also adds basis medicament, such as acid, alkali, oxidant, reducing agent etc., in addition it is also necessary to add necessary assistant medicament, such as inorganic salts such as iron salt, calcium salt, aluminium salt.Entering sedimentation tank 33 after after chemical reaction to precipitate, the supernatant enters remaining processing sequences, and such as filtration, pH regulator, ion exchange etc., heavy metal ion and assistant medicament in waste water are then deposited in bottom sedimentation tank 33 in form of a sludge.According to the present embodiment, by a part for mud, for instance 40-60% part by weight returns in flow reactor 32 prime.Mud will be dissolved in the undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby of flow reactor 32, and in subsequent reactions, the assistant medicament in mud will be released in heavy metal wastewater thereby and participate in reaction, thus being reused.Therefore this mode can utilize assistant medicament in mud to a greater degree, reduces reagent cost, and reduces the generation amount of mud.
In the various embodiments of the invention, in view of heavy metal wastewater thereby mostly in acid feature, retain with metal hydroxide form or the assistant medicament of backflow again dissolves in upper once wastewater treatment, again play a role together with the new assistant medicament added with decrement.
Several embodiment is described below.
Embodiment one
Certain enterprise's nickel-containing waste water, main nickel concentration is 6.98mg/l, highly acid, direct alkaline chemical precipitation, nickel ion can not reach the discharge standard of 0.5mg/L, adds assistant medicament ferrous sulfate in acid condition, regulates pH to 10.5, after precipitation filtration, in waste water, nickel ion concentration is down within discharge standard, and test data are shown in table 1 below.
The effect of table 1 embodiment one assistant medicament
Data show, the treatment effect for nickel ion that adds of assistant medicament ferrous sulfate plays an important role.
Set below tables of data understands the effect of assistant medicament recycling.The former water of nickel ion concentration 6.98mg/L, during first reaction, adds the ferrous sulfate of 1500mg/L in acid condition, reconciles pH to 10.5, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is reduced to 0.294mg/L；Residing in reactor by what produce in first reaction containing ferrous whole mud, carry out second batch reaction, except being not added with ferrous sulfate, other condition is same with first reacting phase, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is 0.574mg/L, it does not have up to standard；In being reacted by second batch, the mud of 50% resides in reactor, is newly added 500mg/L ferrous sulfate simultaneously, carries out the 3rd batch reaction, and reaction condition is same with first reacting phase, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is reduced to 0.297mg/L, reaches discharge standard.
The effect of table 2 embodiment two mud recycling
Above-described embodiment illustrate following some:
1. being not added with assistant medicament, nickel ion can not reach the discharge standard of 0.5mg/l.
2. retain whole mud, can not be up to standard without new assistant medicament nickel ion.
3. adding the mud retaining 50%, newly add the assistant medicament of 500mg/l, nickel ion can be up to standard.
3. calculating with the present embodiment, half mud retention processes No. 3 meters, the mud of recycling secondary 50%, and assistant medicament dosage is reduced to original 55%, and waste water still can reach discharge standard, can save medicament and the sludge treatment cost of 45% simultaneously.
Embodiment two
Certain enterprise's nickel-containing waste water, major high concentration nickel-containing waste water, concentration is 239mg/l, faintly acid, direct alkaline chemical precipitation, nickel ion can not reach the discharge standard of 0.5mg/L, add assistant medicament ferrous sulfate in acid condition, regulating pH to 10.5, after precipitation filtration, in waste water, nickel ion concentration is down within discharge standard, and test data are shown in table 3 below.
The effect of table 3 embodiment two assistant medicament
Data show, adding of assistant medicament ferrous sulfate plays an important role for the treatment effect of nickel ion, and addition number water outlet data are had impact.
Set below tables of data understands the effect of assistant medicament recycling.The former water of high concentration of nickel ion concentration 239mg/L, during first reaction, adds the ferrous sulfate of 1000mg/L in acid condition, reconciles pH to 10.5, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is reduced to 0.293mg/L；Residing in reactor by what produce in first reaction containing ferrous half mud, carry out second batch reaction, except being not added with ferrous sulfate, other condition is same with first reacting phase, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is 0.437mg/L, up to standard；In being reacted by second batch, the mud of 50% resides in reactor, is not added with new ferrous sulfate, carries out the 3rd batch reaction, and reaction condition is same with first reacting phase, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is raised to 0.546mg/L, it is impossible to reach discharge standard.
The effect of table 4 embodiment two mud recycling
The effect of table 5 embodiment two mud recycling
Visible different auxiliary additive amount of medicament is equally possible obtains the similar assistant medicament effective result of recycling.
Above-described embodiment illustrate following some:
1. being not added with assistant medicament, nickel ion can not reach the discharge standard of 0.5mg/l.
2. second time retain 50% mud, can be up to standard without new assistant medicament nickel ion.
3. third time retains the mud of 50%, newly adds the assistant medicament of 500mg/l, and nickel ion can be up to standard.
4. calculating with table 4 embodiment, half mud retention processes No. 3 meters, the mud of recycling secondary 50%, and assistant medicament dosage is reduced to original 50%, and waste water still can reach discharge standard, can save medicament and the sludge treatment cost of 50% simultaneously.Calculating with table 5 embodiment, half mud retention processes No. 3 meters, the mud of recycling secondary 50%, and assistant medicament dosage is reduced to original 44%, and waste water still can reach discharge standard, can save medicament and the sludge treatment cost of 56% simultaneously.
Embodiment three
Certain enterprise's lead waste water, main low concentration lead waste water, concentration is 1.12mg/l, faintly acid, direct alkaline chemical precipitation, lead ion cannot precipitate, water outlet can only arrive 1.10mg/L, and we add assistant medicament ferrous sulfate in acid condition, regulates pH to 10.5, after precipitation filters, Pb In Exhausted Water ion concentration is down within discharge standard, and test data are shown in table 6 below.
The effect of table 6 embodiment three assistant medicament
Data show, owing to adding excessive assistant medicament ferrous sulfate, cannot embody out the effect of the process for lead ion in this reaction.
Two groups of tables of data understand the effect that assistant medicament reuses below.Above-mentioned lead waste water, during first reaction, adds the ferrous sulfate of 250mg/L in acid condition, reconciles pH to 10.5, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is reduced to 0.293mg/L；What produce in first being reacted resides in reactor containing ferrous whole mud, carries out second batch reaction, and water outlet plumbum ion concentration is less than 0.05mg/L, up to standard；In being reacted by second batch, mud all resides in reactor, is not added with new ferrous sulfate, carries out the 3rd batch reaction, and reaction condition is same with first reacting phase, and water outlet nickel ion concentration is raised to 0.176mg/L, it is impossible to reach discharge standard.
The effect of table 7 embodiment three mud recycling
The effect of table 8 embodiment three mud recycling
Above-described embodiment illustrate following some:
1. being not added with assistant medicament, nickel ion can not reach the discharge standard of 0.1mg/l.
2. retaining whole mud for the second time can be up to standard without new assistant medicament lead ion.
3. third time retains whole mud, and without the assistant medicament of amount, lead ion can not be up to standard.
4. calculating with the present embodiment, the retention of whole mud is at least repeatable utilizes 4 calculating, and assistant medicament dosage is reduced to original 45%, and waste water still can reach discharge standard, can save medicament and the sludge treatment cost of 55% simultaneously.
5. utilizing 5 calculating for this heavy metal wastewater thereby when the retention of whole mud is at least repeatable, assistant medicament dosage is reduced to original 40%, and waste water still can reach discharge standard, can save medicament and the sludge treatment cost of 60% simultaneously.
From upper embodiment, for variable concentrations, different types of heavy metal wastewater thereby, although taking ratio that mud retains and the interpolation of assistant medicament, supplementary amount different, but assistant medicament decrement and the technology recycled are simple, feasible in wastewater treatment process, and the recycling number of times of mud is more many, then the dosage of assistant medicament is more few, and the medicament simultaneously saved and sludge treatment expense are more many.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment; so it is not limited to the present invention, any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; when doing a little amendment and perfect, therefore protection scope of the present invention is when with being as the criterion that claims define.
Claims (9)
1. a process for treating heavy-metal waste water, comprises the following steps:
Heavy metal wastewater thereby is added basis medicament and assistant medicament reacts；
Obtain including heavy metal ion and remaining the mud of assistant medicament through reaction postprecipitation；
A part for this mud is dissolved in undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby；And
The heavy metal wastewater thereby having dissolved mud is reacted then through chemical precipitation method.
2. process for treating heavy-metal waste water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step heavy metal wastewater thereby addition basis medicament and assistant medicament reacted is to carry out in batch reactor, and obtains precipitating sludge bottom batch reactor.
3. process for treating heavy-metal waste water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, step heavy metal wastewater thereby addition basis medicament and assistant medicament reacted is to carry out in flow reactor, and reacted heavy metal wastewater thereby exports sedimentation tank precipitation acquisition mud.
4. process for treating heavy-metal waste water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the part by weight also including this part with reference to this mud determines the assistant medicament dosage of secondary response again.
5. process for treating heavy-metal waste water as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this part of this mud is 40-60% part by weight.
6. a heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus, including:
Accommodating pond, places undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby；
Batch reactor, connect this accommodating pond, input heavy metal wastewater thereby and add basis medicament and assistant medicament react, the sludge settling of heavy metal ion and residual assistant medicament is included bottom batch reactor after reaction, wherein after every secondary response, a part for this mud is resided in this batch reactor.
7. heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that this part of this mud is 40-60% part by weight.
8. a heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus, including:
Accommodating pond, places undressed heavy metal wastewater thereby；
Flow reactor, connects this accommodating pond, and input heavy metal wastewater thereby also adds basis medicament and assistant medicament reacts；
Sedimentation tank, connects this flow reactor, and input is through reacted waste water, it is thus achieved that precipitation include heavy metal ion and the mud of residual assistant medicament, wherein a part for this mud is returned in the most prime of this flow reactor.
9. heavy metal wastewater treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that returned sludge part is 40-60% part by weight.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410848833.3A CN105800750A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Heavy metal waste water treatment method and device |
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| CN201410848833.3A CN105800750A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Heavy metal waste water treatment method and device |
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| CN105800750A true CN105800750A (en) | 2016-07-27 |
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| CN201410848833.3A Pending CN105800750A (en) | 2014-12-31 | 2014-12-31 | Heavy metal waste water treatment method and device |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102503030A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | System for treating heavy metal wastewater |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102503030A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | System for treating heavy metal wastewater |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘素萍等: "石灰法处理重金属废水", 《工程设计与研究》 * |
| 王绍文: "中和沉淀法处理重金属废水的实践与发展", 《环境工程》 * |
| 董文艺等: "加载絮凝-污泥回流工艺处理重金属废水的研究", 《水利水电技术》 * |
| 雷兆武等: "矿山酸性废水重金属沉淀分离研究", 《环境科学与管理》 * |
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Application publication date: 20160727 |