CN105794605B - intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system - Google Patents
intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794605B CN105794605B CN201610369630.5A CN201610369630A CN105794605B CN 105794605 B CN105794605 B CN 105794605B CN 201610369630 A CN201610369630 A CN 201610369630A CN 105794605 B CN105794605 B CN 105794605B
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 humidity data Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Flow Control (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural irrigation technologies, a kind of intelligent water-saving irrigation method is provided, the soil Gradient that the intelligent water-saving irrigation method passes through acquisition target soil region, soil moisture data, soil temperature data and air themperature data, calculate the water requirement in target soil region, further according to soil Gradient and the corresponding maximum stream flow of soil Gradient, determine the maximum stream flow in target soil region, to adjust the duty in target soil region, this method comprehensively considers the temperature of soil, humidity data, air themperature data, and the soil Gradient in target soil region, avoid the influence because of the soil gradient, cause duty sprinkling uneven, improve water-saving ability, and control precision is high.Therefore, intelligent water-saving irrigation method of the present invention can be suitable for the landform of different gradient, and water-saving ability with higher and precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, in particular to an intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system.
Background
With the development of economy, the agricultural water is increasingly in short supply. In the prior art, in order to meet the water-saving requirement in the irrigation process, the intelligent sprinkling irrigation system mainly considers factors including weather conditions, historical data and the like, and usually ignores water loss caused by the slope of the land in partial areas. Moreover, for spray irrigation this way, the land slope can also affect the irrigation range of the sprinkler. The land slope and the terrain are main factors influencing the runoff coefficient, other factors such as soil characteristics can also influence the runoff coefficient, and the greater the runoff coefficient is, the irrigation water is less prone to be absorbed by the soil, and more time is needed for the irrigation water to permeate the soil.
Particularly, under the condition of not adjusting the spraying irrigation flow, the larger land slope enables part of irrigation water to flow to a downstream crop area before penetrating into a soil root layer, the spraying irrigation area does not obtain due water quantity, and the downstream area is excessively sufficient in water quantity, so that the growth of crops is obviously not facilitated. If the sprinkling irrigation speed and flow are manually controlled, workers can adjust and control the sprinkling irrigation speed and flow only by means of existing experience, so that the precision is low, the agricultural planting cost is increased, and unnecessary waste of water resources is caused. Therefore, the maximum water-saving irrigation cannot be realized for areas with different land slopes.
On the topography of different slopes, improve sprinkler irrigation system's water conservation ability and precision, the problem that technical staff in this field needs to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system, which are suitable for terrains with different gradients and have higher water-saving capacity and accuracy.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which is specifically described as follows:
the invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which comprises the following specific steps:
a data acquisition step: acquiring soil humidity data and soil temperature data of a target land area;
and (3) water demand calculation: calculating the water demand of the target land area according to the soil humidity data and the soil temperature data;
water quantity adjusting step: and controlling the opening or closing of the valve according to the water demand of the target land area so as to adjust the irrigation water quantity.
The invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring the relation between the gradient and the maximum flow: respectively spraying water in a plurality of different experimental land areas, detecting the maximum flow which can be borne when the experimental land areas with different gradients do not form ground overflow, and acquiring the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow and the gradient of the experimental land area;
a data acquisition step: collecting soil humidity data, soil temperature data, air temperature data, historical irrigation data and land gradient data of a target land area;
and (3) water demand calculation: when the soil humidity data is less than the preset lowest value of soil humidity, the air temperature data is less than the preset highest value of air temperature, and the soil temperature data is less than the preset highest value of soil temperature, the following formula is adopted to calculate the water demand of the target land area,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is sprayedTarget soil volume water content after irrigation, H1Determining the volume water content of the soil according to the soil humidity data before sprinkling irrigation, wherein R is the radius of a target land area, and D is the depth corresponding to the collected soil humidity data;
and (3) water demand testing: comparing the water demand obtained by the calculation with the water demand in the historical irrigation data, and checking the water demand of the target land area:
if the calculated water demand is out of the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, stopping irrigation;
if the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, executing the following historical irrigation data updating step;
updating historical irrigation data: storing the water demand of the inspected target area, and updating historical irrigation data;
and flow calculation: determining the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow and the land gradient data of the target land area;
and (3) irrigation regulation: adjusting the rotating speed parameter and the time parameter of irrigation control according to the maximum flow and the water demand of the target land area after inspection, sending a rotating speed instruction to adjust the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump, realizing the maximum flow of irrigation, and sending an opening and closing instruction to control the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve, so as to realize the water demand of irrigation.
Further, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method of the embodiment further comprises a sampling period adjusting step: and determining an adjusting instruction of the sampling period according to the requirement of monitoring precision, wherein the adjusting instruction is used for adjusting the sampling period for acquiring the soil humidity data, the soil temperature data and the air temperature data of the target land area.
Further, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method of the embodiment further comprises a land slope correction step: and acquiring actual terrain data of the target land area, and correcting the land gradient data according to the actual terrain data.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation system, which is specifically described as follows:
the invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation system special for an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which comprises an information acquisition subsystem, a database, a control subsystem, a sprinkling irrigation subsystem and a database; wherein,
the information acquisition subsystem comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring soil temperature data and soil humidity data of a target land area, and the air temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring air temperature data of the target land area;
the database comprises a land slope data module and a historical irrigation data module, wherein the land slope data module is used for storing land slope data of a target land area and corresponding relations between different slopes and maximum flow, and the historical irrigation data module is used for storing historical irrigation data of the target land area;
the control subsystem comprises a single-chip microcontroller, and the single-chip microcontroller is used for determining the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow which can be borne when the ground overflow is not formed in the experimental land area and the gradient of the experimental land area;
the single chip microcontroller also calls the following formula and the soil humidity data to calculate the water demand of the target land area when the soil humidity data is less than the preset lowest soil humidity value, the air temperature data is less than the preset highest air temperature value and the soil temperature data is less than the preset highest soil temperature value,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is the volume water content of the target soil after spray irrigation, H1Soil volume water content determined from soil moisture data prior to spray irrigationThe rate, R is the radius of the target land area, D is the depth corresponding to the collected soil humidity data, the single-chip microcontroller also calls the historical irrigation data of the historical irrigation data module, the water demand of the target land area is checked, and if the calculated water demand is out of the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, the irrigation is stopped; if the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, the single-chip microcontroller also stores the water demand of the inspected target land area to the historical irrigation data module; the single-chip microcontroller also determines the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between different gradients of the land gradient data module and the maximum flow and the land gradient data of the target land area; determining a rotation speed parameter and a time parameter for controlling irrigation according to the maximum flow and the water demand of the target land area after inspection, sending a rotation speed instruction according to the rotation speed parameter, adjusting the rotation speed of the centrifugal pump to realize the maximum flow of the irrigation, sending an opening and closing instruction by the single-chip microcontroller according to the time parameter, and controlling the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve to realize the water demand of the whole irrigation;
the sprinkling irrigation subsystem comprises an electromagnetic valve and a centrifugal pump, when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the centrifugal pump works, and the sprinkling irrigation subsystem is used for irrigating and spraying water to the target land area and the experimental land area.
Furthermore, the single-chip microcontroller is also used for determining an adjusting instruction of the sampling period according to the requirement of the monitoring precision, adjusting the sampling period of the soil temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the soil humidity data and the soil temperature data of the target land area, and adjusting the sampling period of the air temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the air temperature data.
Furthermore, the single-chip microcontroller is also used for correcting the land gradient data according to the actual terrain data of the acquired target land area and storing the corrected land gradient data to the land gradient data module.
Furthermore, the system also comprises a frequency converter, wherein the frequency converter is used for receiving a rotating speed instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller and controlling the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump according to the rotating speed instruction, and the frequency converter is also used for receiving an opening and closing instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller and controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the opening and closing instruction.
Furthermore, the communication mode of the single-chip microcontroller and the frequency converter comprises RS485, RS232 and CAN communication.
Furthermore, the information acquisition subsystem also comprises a solar panel and a battery which are connected with the soil temperature and humidity sensor and the air temperature and humidity sensor.
According to the intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system, the water demand of the target land area is determined according to soil temperature data and soil humidity data acquired by the soil temperature and humidity sensor and air temperature data acquired by the air temperature and humidity sensor, the maximum flow of water flow is acquired according to land gradient data, the temperature and humidity data of soil, the air temperature data and the land gradient data of the target land area are comprehensively considered, uneven irrigation water spraying caused by the influence of land gradients is avoided, the water-saving capability is improved, the control precision is high, and the intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system are particularly suitable for uneven areas. Therefore, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method and system can be suitable for terrains with different gradients and have high water-saving capacity and accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an intelligent water-saving irrigation method provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent water-saving irrigation system provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which, however, are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which is specifically described as follows:
the embodiment provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which comprises the following steps:
a data acquisition step: acquiring soil humidity data and soil temperature data of a target land area;
and (3) water demand calculation: calculating the water demand of the target land area according to the soil humidity data and the soil temperature data;
water quantity adjusting step: and controlling the opening or closing of the valve according to the water demand of the target land area so as to adjust the irrigation water quantity.
According to the intelligent water-saving irrigation method, the water demand of the target land area is calculated according to the obtained soil humidity data and the soil temperature data, the valve is controlled to be opened and closed according to the water demand, the irrigation water quantity is adjusted, and the method is accurate and reliable in judgment result and provides a proper environment for the growth of crops.
The embodiment provides another intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which, with reference to fig. 1, includes:
gradient and maximum flow rate relation obtaining step S11: respectively spraying water in a plurality of different experimental land areas, detecting the maximum flow which can be borne when the experimental land areas with different gradients do not form ground cross flow, and acquiring the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow and the gradient of the experimental land area;
data acquisition step S12: collecting soil humidity data, soil temperature data, air temperature data, historical irrigation data and land gradient data of a target land area;
water demand calculation step S13: when the soil humidity data is less than the preset lowest value of soil humidity, the air temperature data is less than the preset highest value of air temperature, and the soil temperature data is less than the preset highest value of soil temperature, the following formula is adopted to calculate the water demand of the target land area,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is the volume water content of the target soil after spray irrigation, H1The method comprises the steps of determining the volume water content of soil according to soil humidity data before sprinkling irrigation, wherein R is the radius of a target land area, and D is the depth corresponding to collected soil humidity data, wherein a preset soil humidity minimum value, an air temperature maximum value and a soil temperature maximum value are set according to the environment temperature which can be adapted to crops in the target land area;
water demand amount checking step S14: comparing the water demand obtained by the calculation with the water demand in the historical irrigation data, and checking the water demand of the target land area:
if the calculated water demand is out of the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, stopping irrigation; if the calculated water demand exceeds the normal deviation range of the water demand in the historical irrigation data according to the same period of the past year, workers need to confirm the specific value of the water demand according to specific conditions due to errors in the data acquisition step or climate reasons of the current year and the like;
if the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, executing the following historical irrigation data updating step S15;
historical irrigation data updating step S15: storing the water demand and flow of the inspected target area, and updating historical irrigation data for subsequent query;
flow rate calculation step S16: determining the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow and the land gradient data of the target land area;
irrigation adjusting step S17: adjusting the rotating speed parameter and the time parameter of irrigation control according to the maximum flow and the water demand of the target land area after inspection, sending a rotating speed instruction to adjust the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump, realizing the maximum flow of irrigation, and sending an opening and closing instruction to control the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve, so as to realize the water demand of irrigation.
According to the intelligent water-saving irrigation method, according to soil temperature data, soil humidity data and air temperature data, the water requirement of the target land area is determined, the maximum flow of irrigation water flow is obtained according to land slope data, the temperature and humidity data of soil are comprehensively considered, the air temperature data and the land slope data of the target land area are avoided, the problem that due to the influence of land slopes, irrigation water is unevenly sprayed is avoided, the water-saving capacity is improved, the control precision is high, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method is particularly suitable for different terrain areas, and irrigation water is efficiently utilized. Therefore, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method can be suitable for terrains with different slopes and has high water-saving capacity and accuracy.
During actual land detection, the staff have different requirements for data research in different time periods, or monitor certain specific time periods more closely, and then the sampling period of the collected data of the soil temperature and humidity sensor and the air temperature and humidity sensor needs to be changed, preferably, the intelligent water-saving irrigation method of the embodiment further comprises the step of adjusting the sampling period: and determining an adjusting instruction of a sampling period according to the requirement of monitoring precision, wherein the adjusting instruction is used for adjusting the sampling period of the soil humidity data, the soil temperature data and the air temperature data of the collected target land area. In the actual land detection, the data research of different time periods is facilitated for workers, or certain specific time periods are monitored more closely. When the intelligent water-saving irrigation method is used for the first time, the worker can determine the land terrain type of the target land area according to the division of the land area. The intelligent water-saving irrigation method can also correspond to corresponding land gradient data according to the land terrain type, and in the subsequent process of using the intelligent water-saving irrigation method, the method further comprises a land gradient correction step of acquiring actual terrain data of the target land area and correcting the land gradient data according to the actual terrain data, so that the intelligent water-saving irrigation method can be better suitable for terrains with different gradients.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation system, which is specifically described as follows with reference to fig. 2:
the embodiment provides an intelligent water-saving irrigation system special for an intelligent water-saving irrigation method, which comprises an information acquisition subsystem 3, a database 1, a control subsystem 2, a sprinkling irrigation subsystem 4 and a database 1; wherein,
the information acquisition subsystem 3 comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, wherein the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring soil temperature data and soil humidity data of a target land area, and the air temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring air temperature data of the target land area;
the database 1 comprises a land gradient data module and a historical irrigation data module, wherein the land gradient data module is used for storing land gradient data of a target land area and corresponding relations between different gradients and maximum flow, and the historical irrigation data module is used for storing historical irrigation data of the target land area;
the control subsystem 2 comprises a single-chip microcontroller, the single-chip microcontroller is used as a processing center of the system, the control function can be effectively realized, and the optimization and the upgrade of the data processing function at the later stage are facilitated. The single-chip microcontroller is used for determining the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow which can be borne when the ground overflow is not formed in the experimental land area and the gradient of the experimental land area;
the single chip microcontroller also calls the following formula and the soil humidity data to calculate the water demand of the target land area when the soil humidity data is less than the preset lowest soil humidity value, the air temperature data is less than the preset highest air temperature value and the soil temperature data is less than the preset highest soil temperature value,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is the volume water content of the target soil after spray irrigation, H1The method comprises the steps that the volume water content of soil is determined according to soil humidity data before sprinkling irrigation, R is the radius of a target land area, D is the depth corresponding to collected soil humidity data, a single-chip microcontroller also calls historical irrigation data of a historical irrigation data module, the water demand of the target land area is checked, and if the calculated water demand is out of the deviation range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, irrigation is stopped; if the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, the single-chip microcontroller also stores the water demand of the inspected target land area to the historical irrigation data module; due to the reasons of soil water seepage, uneven spraying of the spray head and the like in practical application, the actually adopted water demand value should be not less than the calculated water demand. The single-chip microcontroller also determines the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between different gradients of the land gradient data module and the maximum flow and the gradient data of the target land area; determining a rotation speed parameter and a time parameter for controlling irrigation according to the maximum flow and the water demand of the target land area after inspection, sending a rotation speed instruction according to the rotation speed parameter, adjusting the rotation speed of the centrifugal pump to realize the maximum flow of the irrigation, sending an opening and closing instruction by the single-chip microcontroller according to the time parameter, and controlling the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve to realize the water demand of the whole irrigation;
the sprinkling irrigation subsystem 4 comprises an electromagnetic valve and a centrifugal pump, when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the centrifugal pump works, and the sprinkling irrigation subsystem 4 is used for irrigating and spraying water to a target land area and an experimental land area. The sprinkling irrigation subsystem 4 further comprises a pipe network, and the pipe network provides irrigation water for the centrifugal pump.
This embodiment intelligence water-saving irrigation system, the soil temperature data and the soil humidity data of target land area are gathered to the soil temperature humidity sensor of information acquisition subsystem 3, air temperature humidity sensor gathers air temperature data, monolithic microcontroller calculates the regional water demand of target land, monolithic microcontroller still according to the corresponding relation of the land slope data and the maximum flow of land slope data module in database 1, acquire the maximum flow of irrigation rivers, the temperature of soil is considered comprehensively to this system, humidity data, air temperature data, and the regional land slope data of target land, avoid because of the influence of land slope, cause irrigation water to spray unevenly, improve water conservation ability, and control accuracy is high, this intelligence water-saving irrigation system can realize irrigating to specific area, specific speed and specific time ground. Therefore, this embodiment intelligence water-saving irrigation system can be applicable to the topography of different slopes to have higher water conservation ability and precision.
In order to better meet the actual monitoring requirement, the single-chip microcontroller of the intelligent water-saving irrigation system can also determine an adjustment instruction of a sampling period according to the requirement of monitoring precision, the adjustment instruction is used for adjusting the sampling period of the soil temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the soil humidity data and the soil temperature data of the target land area and the sampling period of the air temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the air temperature data, and when the actual land is detected, workers can conveniently research data in different periods or monitor certain specific time periods more closely. When the intelligent water-saving irrigation system is used for the first time, the worker can determine the land terrain type of the target land area according to the division of the land area. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system can also correspond to corresponding land gradient data according to the land terrain type, and in the subsequent process of using the intelligent water-saving irrigation system, the single-chip microcontroller of the system is also used for correcting the land gradient data according to the actual terrain data of the acquired target land area and storing the corrected land gradient data to the land gradient data module, so that the intelligent water-saving irrigation system can be better suitable for terrains with different gradients.
In order to better realize the control of the single-chip microcontroller on the centrifugal pump and the electromagnetic valve, the intelligent irrigation system further comprises a frequency converter, the single-chip microcontroller controls the frequency converter in a communication port mode, the communication mode comprises RS485, RS232 and CAN, the control function is comprehensive, and hardware is simple, and the communication mode is suitable for the communication of the frequency converter through a corresponding level conversion circuit and CAN be communicated with the frequency converter. The frequency converter receives a rotating speed instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller, controls the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump according to the rotating speed instruction, receives an opening and closing instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller, and controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the opening and closing instruction. The information acquisition subsystem 3 of this embodiment intelligence water-saving irrigation system still includes solar panel and battery, is connected with soil temperature and humidity sensor and air temperature and humidity sensor, provides the electric energy for soil temperature and humidity sensor and air temperature and humidity sensor, is particularly useful for the situation that the power was kept away from to information acquisition subsystem 3. This embodiment intelligence water-saving irrigation system still includes the relay, and the one end and the monolithic microcontroller of relay are connected, and the other end is connected with the solenoid valve, and monolithic microcontroller's voltage is lower compared in the voltage of solenoid valve, behind the relay, can realize better that the solenoid valve of higher voltage is controlled to monolithic microcontroller's lower voltage.
Although the present invention has been described to a certain extent, it is apparent that appropriate changes in the respective conditions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but includes equivalents of each element falling within the scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An intelligent water-saving irrigation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the relation between the gradient and the maximum flow: respectively spraying water in a plurality of experimental land areas with different gradients, detecting the maximum flow which can be borne when the experimental land areas with different gradients do not form ground overflow, and acquiring the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow and the gradient of the experimental land area;
a data acquisition step: collecting soil humidity data, soil temperature data, air temperature data, historical irrigation data and land gradient data of a target land area;
and (3) water demand calculation: when the soil humidity data is less than a preset soil humidity minimum value, the air temperature data is less than a preset air temperature maximum value, and the soil temperature data is less than a preset soil temperature maximum value, calculating the water demand of the target land area by adopting the following formula,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is the volume water content of the target soil after spray irrigation, H1Determining the volume water content of the soil according to the soil humidity data before sprinkling irrigation, wherein R is the radius of a target land area, and D is the depth corresponding to the collected soil humidity data;
and (3) water demand testing: comparing the water demand obtained by the calculation with the water demand in the historical irrigation data, and checking the water demand of the target land area:
if the water demand obtained by calculation is out of the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, stopping irrigation;
if the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, executing the following historical irrigation data updating step;
updating historical irrigation data: storing the water demand of the inspected target area, and updating historical irrigation data;
and flow calculation: determining the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between the different gradients and the maximum flow and the land gradient data of the target land area;
and (3) irrigation regulation: and adjusting a rotating speed parameter and a time parameter for controlling irrigation according to the maximum flow and the water demand of the target land area after inspection, sending a rotating speed instruction according to the rotating speed parameter to adjust the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump so as to realize the maximum flow of irrigation, and sending an opening and closing instruction according to the time parameter so as to control the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve so as to realize the water demand of irrigation.
2. The intelligent water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting a sampling period: and determining an adjusting instruction of a sampling period according to the requirement of monitoring precision, wherein the adjusting instruction is used for adjusting the sampling period of the soil humidity data, the soil temperature data and the air temperature data of the collected target land area.
3. The intelligent water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, further comprising:
land gradient correction: and acquiring actual terrain data of the target land area, and correcting the land gradient data according to the actual terrain data.
4. An intelligent water-saving irrigation system special for the intelligent water-saving irrigation method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
the system comprises an information acquisition subsystem, a control subsystem, a sprinkling irrigation subsystem and a database; wherein,
the information acquisition subsystem comprises a soil temperature and humidity sensor and an air temperature and humidity sensor, the soil temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring soil temperature data and soil humidity data of a target land area, and the air temperature and humidity sensor is used for acquiring air temperature data of the target land area;
the database comprises a land gradient data module and a historical irrigation data module, the land gradient data module is used for storing land gradient data of the target land area and corresponding relations between different gradients and maximum flow, and the historical irrigation data module is used for storing historical irrigation data of the target land area;
the control subsystem comprises a single-chip microcontroller, and the single-chip microcontroller is used for determining the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow according to the maximum flow which can be borne when the ground overflow is not formed in the experimental land area and the gradient of the experimental land area;
the single-chip microcontroller also calls the following formula and soil humidity data to calculate the water demand of the target land area when the soil humidity data is less than a preset soil humidity minimum value, the air temperature data is less than a preset air temperature maximum value, and the soil temperature data is less than a preset soil temperature maximum value,
V＝(H2-H1)πR2D
wherein V is the water demand of the target land area, H2Is the volume water content of the target soil after spray irrigation, H1The single-chip microcontroller also calls historical irrigation data of the historical irrigation data module to check the water demand of the target land area, and the calculated water demand is out of the deviation range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, so that irrigation is stopped; when the calculated water demand is within the deviation value range of the water demand of the historical irrigation data, the single-chip microcontroller also stores the water demand of the inspected target land area to the historical irrigation data module; the single-chip microcontroller also determines the maximum flow of the target land area according to the corresponding relation between different gradients and the maximum flow of the land gradient data module and the gradient data of the target land area; determining a control rotating speed parameter and a time parameter according to the water demand and the maximum flow of the inspected target land area, sending a rotating speed instruction according to the rotating speed parameter, adjusting the rotating speed of the centrifugal pump to realize the maximum flow of irrigation, and sending an opening and closing instruction by the single-chip microcontroller according to the time parameter to control the opening or closing of the electromagnetic valve to realize the water demand of irrigation;
the sprinkling irrigation subsystem comprises an electromagnetic valve and a centrifugal pump, when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the centrifugal pump works, and the sprinkling irrigation subsystem is used for irrigating and spraying water to the target land area and the experimental land area.
5. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system as recited in claim 4,
the single-chip microcontroller is further used for determining an adjusting instruction of a sampling period according to the requirement of monitoring precision so as to adjust the sampling period of the soil temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the soil humidity data and the soil temperature data of the target land area and the sampling period of the air temperature and humidity sensor for acquiring the air temperature data.
6. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system as recited in claim 4,
and the single-chip microcontroller is also used for correcting the land gradient data and updating the land gradient data module according to the obtained actual terrain data of the target land area.
7. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system according to claim 4, further comprising a frequency converter, wherein the frequency converter is configured to receive a rotational speed instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller and control the rotational speed of the centrifugal pump according to the rotational speed instruction, and the frequency converter is further configured to receive an opening and closing instruction sent by the single-chip microcontroller and control the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve according to the opening and closing instruction.
8. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system as recited in claim 7, wherein the communication mode of the single-chip microcontroller and the frequency converter comprises RS485, RS232 and CAN communication.
9. The intelligent water-saving irrigation system as recited in claim 4,
the information acquisition subsystem further comprises a solar panel and a battery, and is connected with the soil temperature and humidity sensor and the air temperature and humidity sensor.
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