CN105785342B - A kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system - Google Patents
A kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105785342B CN105785342B CN201610326075.8A CN201610326075A CN105785342B CN 105785342 B CN105785342 B CN 105785342B CN 201610326075 A CN201610326075 A CN 201610326075A CN 105785342 B CN105785342 B CN 105785342B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/08—Catadioptric systems
- G02B17/0864—Catadioptric systems having non-imaging properties
- G02B17/0876—Catadioptric systems having non-imaging properties for light collecting, e.g. for use with a detector
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system, it is characterized in that:Laser radar optical system is the structure type that paraboloidal mirror prime focus optical fiber receives, it is to use parabolic reflector primary mirror, auto-collimation detecting system is formed by parabolic reflector primary mirror, incident beam focus is in the first focal position of the laser radar optical system in visual field, and it is directly entered reception optical fiber, or configuration optic fibre switching microscope group changes the focal length of the laser radar optical system, and change the numerical aperture NA of parabolic reflector primary mirror outgoing beam at the first focal position;The disc of confusion of fair-sized is imaged as using optic fibre switching microscope group and fully enters reception optical fiber.The present invention reduces the design difficulty and resetting difficulty of zoom system, pancreatic system by replaceable optic fibre switching microscope group, and large-scale focal length variations are realized in the case where ensureing image quality requirement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser radar optical system, more specifically a kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar light
System.
Background technology
Laser radar is a kind of optical, mechanical and electronic integration for collecting the technologies such as atmospheric optics, infant laser signal detection, laser and developing
System equipment.Its operation principle is that lasing light emitter launches laser beam to targeting regions, by detecting the reflection or scattering of target, then
Receive and be compared from the laser echo signal that target return comes with transmitting laser signal and make proper treatment, you can obtain target
Relevant information, distance, orientation, speed, even posture, the surface configuration parameter of such as target, so as to mesh such as aircraft, guided missiles
Mark is detected, tracked and identified.In recent years, laser radar have been widely used laser navigation, laser ranging, atmospheric monitoring,
The fields such as Tracking Recognition, scanning imagery.
The structure type of laser radar optical system is mainly at present:
1st, conventional transmission-type laser radar:Small-bore laser radar optical system in being usually used in, bore are more than Φ 500mm
Transmission raw material be difficult to manufacture, surface optical device is difficult to, and assembly precision is difficult to ensure that.Therefore, large-aperture optical system
System all uses reflective structure substantially.
2nd, classical Newtonian system:Primary mirror is parabolic mirror, is turned back light path with plane mirror before focus, structure shape
Formula is simple, but its field range is smaller, and system is overall longer, corrects spherical aberration in system axle, is suitable only for the letter of focal length smaller structure
Single optical system.In addition, conventional system directly installs optical filter in ccd detector front end, optical filter is placed on Path of Convergent Rays
In easily because its installation tilt introduce astigmatism, reduce optical system resolution ratio.
3rd, card match Green's formula system:Primary mirror is parabolic mirror, and secondary mirror is hyperboloidal mirror, corrects spherical aberration on axis,
Available for long-focus, neglect field optical system;Processing and resetting difficulty are seen, since primary and secondary mirror is aspherical, so it adds
Work and resetting difficulty are larger.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to avoid the deficiency present in the above-mentioned prior art, there is provided a kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser thunder
Up to optical system, can not change for solving laser radar optical system focal length in the prior art, image-side numerical aperture NA can not
The problems such as control, off-axis aberration can not correct, resolution ratio is low, imaging image quality is poor, and adjustment is difficult.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that to solve technical problem:
Prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is structurally characterized in that:The laser radar optical system
Unite for paraboloidal mirror prime focus optical fiber receive structure type, be to use parabolic reflector primary mirror, by the parabolic reflector master
Mirror forms auto-collimation detecting system, in visual field incident beam focus the laser radar optical system the first focal position P,
And it is directly entered reception optical fiber.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:The optical system is set
The relevant parameter of system is:System incidence clear aperture is 1000mm, operation wavelength 532.260nm, Detection wavelength 632.8nm,
0.2~5mrad of field angle, optics the ratio of obstruction≤5%, the wave aberration RMS≤λ, λ of parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) are Detection wavelength;
At a focal position P position, corresponding to field angle, meet the numerical aperture NA=0.37 of the reception optical fiber, the fibre of optical fiber
Core diameter scope is 0.3mm~7.5mm, and the spacing of parabolic reflector primary mirror and the first focal position P are 1500mm.
The characteristics of another structure type of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is:The laser
The structure type that radar optics system receives for paraboloidal mirror prime focus optical fiber, including parabolic reflector primary mirror and optic fibre switching mirror
Group, and in the laser radar optical system in addition to parabolic reflector primary mirror is parabola, the optical fiber in optic fibre switching microscope group
Switching mirror uses ellipsoid, for the reception optical fiber of different numerical apertures and core diameter, using different optic fibre switching microscope groups
It is matched;
In the laser radar optical system, auto-collimation detecting system, visual field are formed by the parabolic reflector primary mirror
Interior incident beam focus is in the first focal position of the laser radar optical system;Change institute using the optic fibre switching microscope group
The focal length of laser radar optical system is stated, and changes the numerical aperture of parabolic reflector primary mirror outgoing beam at the first focal position
NA;Second focus system is formed by the optic fibre switching microscope group, by the incident beam focus from the parabolic reflector primary mirror
At the second focal position of laser radar optical system, it is imaged as the disc of confusion of fair-sized and fully enters burnt positioned at second
Reception optical fiber at plan-position.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:
The optic fibre switching microscope group is made of the first lens and the second lens, and first lens and the second lens are
Biconvex lens;First lens and the second lens are symmetrical structure, and adjacent face is phase between the first lens and the second lens
With radius of curvature and the ellipsoid of quadratic surface coefficient, remaining two faces are the sphere of same curvature radius, and described first is saturating
The thickness of mirror and the second lens and optical material all same.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:
The relevant parameter for setting the optical system is:System incidence clear aperture is 1000mm, and operation wavelength is
532.260nm, Detection wavelength 632.8nm, 0.2~5mrad of field angle, optics the ratio of obstruction≤5%, the ripple of parabolic reflector primary mirror
Aberration RMS≤λ, λ are Detection wavelength, and radius of curvature is -3000mm, and appearance and size is 1040 × 150mm of Φ, by the following two kinds shape
Formula sets optic fibre switching microscope group:
Form one:Core diameter is 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.22, matched optic fibre switching microscope group
First face of the first lens is sphere, and radius of curvature is -73.120mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
26.822mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.348;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group is ellipsoid
Face, center curvature radius are -26.822mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.348, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
73.120mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1;
Form two, core diameter 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.11, matched optic fibre switching microscope group
First face of the first lens 2 is sphere, and radius of curvature is -125.493mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
35.939mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.655;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group 3 is ellipsoid
Face, center curvature radius are -35.939mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.655, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
125.493mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1;
In the form one and form two, the distance of the first focal position to the first lens of optic fibre switching microscope group is
30mm, the spacing of the first lens to the second lens is 20mm in optic fibre switching microscope group, and first face refers to the biography according to light
Broadcast the face for the optical element that direction reaches at first.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:By in the laser
The switching between laser output wavelength and Detection wavelength is carried out in radar optics system, enables the parabolic reflector primary mirror single
Solely use or carry out auto-collimation inspection.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:In the laser radar
Iris diaphgram is installed, for matching the reception optical fiber of different numerical aperture NA at the first focal position of optical system.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:The reception optical fiber,
Its fiber optic point position three-dimensional Independent adjustable, the three-dimensional is adjustable to be referred to respectively along in the both direction of optical axis, and
It is three-dimensional separately adjustable along on parallel to optical axis direction.
The design feature of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system of the present invention is lain also in:The parabolic reflector
Primary mirror is concave mirror, and the effective aperture of the concave mirror is 200mm~1500mm.
Compared with the prior art, this hair has the beneficial effect that:
1st, present system is compact-sized, adjustment is convenient, cost is relatively low.Utilize parabolic reflector primary mirror and optic fibre switching mirror
Composition is as the disc of confusion of fair-sized.Meanwhile parabola principal reflection mirror by incident beam focus in the first focal point, focus on light beam
The second focal point is imaged in by optic fibre switching mirror and enters reception optical fiber, or is entered without any optical system diameter and received
Optical fiber.Meet the requirement of densification, adjustment simplicity and low cost.
2nd, present system is arranged to varifocal pattern, and parabola principal reflection mirror can be used alone to be examined with auto-collimation, structure
Into the first focus;At the first focal position install iris diaphgram with suitable for different optic fibre switching microscope groups for aperture diaphragm
It is required that optic fibre switching microscope group forms the second focus.Its installation and debugging is to determine the first focal position by autocollimator beam first,
Further according to the first focal position installation and debugging optic fibre switching microscope group system, and then determine again by auto-collimation the position of the second focus
Put.According to the size of numerical aperture, reception optical fiber is placed in the first focus or is placed in the second focal point reception incident optical signal,
Process is simple and reliable.
3rd, optic fibre switching microscope group uses symmetrical structure in the present invention, and symmetrical structure can effectively correct parabolic reflector primary mirror
Caused coma and astigmatism, improve the uniformity of emergent light signal distributions.
4th, in terms of application of engineering project, parabola principal reflection mirror can be detected individually and installation and debugging in the present invention.Optical fiber
Switching microscope group uses integrated design with iris diaphgram, can also carry out separately installed and detection, and for different numerical value
Aperture or the optical fiber of core diameter, optic fibre switching microscope group can be replaced with integral demounting, so as to fulfill zoom etc..
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present system parabola principal reflection mirror system schematic;
Fig. 2 a are that optic fibre switching border group and parabola principal reflection mirror match schematic diagram in present system;
Fig. 2 b are optic fibre switching microscope group light path schematic diagram in present system
Figure label:1 parabolic reflector primary mirror, 2 the first lens of optic fibre switching microscope group, 3 the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of form of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system is in the present embodiment:Laser thunder
It is the structure type that paraboloidal mirror prime focus optical fiber receives up to optical system, is to use parabolic reflector primary mirror 1, it is anti-by parabola
Penetrate primary mirror 1 and form auto-collimation detecting system, first focus of the incident beam focus in the laser radar optical system in visual field
Position P, and it is directly entered reception optical fiber.
Referring to Fig. 2, another form of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system is in the present embodiment:Laser
The structure type that radar optics system receives for paraboloidal mirror prime focus optical fiber, including parabolic reflector primary mirror 1 and optic fibre switching
Microscope group, and in laser radar optical system in addition to parabolic reflector primary mirror 1 is parabola, the optical fiber in optic fibre switching microscope group turns
Connect mirror and use ellipsoid, for the reception optical fiber of different numerical apertures and core diameter, using different optic fibre switching microscope groups with
Match;In laser radar optical system, auto-collimation detecting system is formed by parabolic reflector primary mirror 1, it is incident in visual field
Light beam focuses on the first focal position P of the laser radar optical system;Change laser radar light using optic fibre switching microscope group
The focal length of system, and change the numerical aperture NA of 1 outgoing beam of parabolic reflector primary mirror at the first focal position P;By optical fiber
Microscope group of transferring forms the second focus system, by the incident beam focus from parabolic reflector primary mirror 1 in laser radar optical system
At second focal position N of system, it is imaged as the disc of confusion of fair-sized and fully enters connecing at the second focal plane position
Receive optical fiber.
In two kinds of forms shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, by laser radar optical system carry out laser output wavelength and
Switching between Detection wavelength, enables parabolic reflector primary mirror to be used alone or carry out auto-collimation inspection.
, can be in first Jiao of laser radar optical system for two kinds of forms shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in specific implementation
Iris diaphgram is installed at point position P, for matching the reception optical fiber of different numerical aperture NA.The fiber optic point position of reception optical fiber
Three-dimensional Independent adjustable, it is three-dimensional adjustable to refer to respectively along in the both direction of optical axis, and along parallel to optical axis side
Upward is three-dimensional separately adjustable.Parabolic reflector primary mirror 1 is concave mirror, the effective aperture of concave mirror for 200mm~
1500mm。
Optic fibre switching microscope group is made of the first lens 2 and the second lens 3, and the first lens 2 and the second lens 3 are biconvex
Lens.First lens 2 and the second lens 3 are symmetrical structure, and adjacent face is phase between the first lens 2 and the second lens 3
With radius of curvature and the ellipsoid of quadratic surface coefficient, remaining two faces be same curvature radius sphere, 2 He of the first lens
The thickness of second lens 3 and optical material all same.
Application example 1:
Shown in Fig. 1, prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system incidence clear aperture is 1000mm, operation wavelength
For 532.260nm, Detection wavelength 632.8nm, it is 0.2~5mrad to adjust field angle by iris diaphgram, optics the ratio of obstruction≤
5%, parabola principal reflection mirror wave aberration RMS≤λ, λ are Detection wavelength 632.8nm.Reception optical fiber parameter:Core diameter is
0.3mm~7.5mm mm, numerical aperture NA=0.37;According to design requirement, light letter is directly received at the first focus P position
Number, optic fibre switching microscope group is needed not move through, the spacing of 1 and first focal position P of parabolic reflector primary mirror is 1500mm,.
Application example 2:
Shown in Fig. 2 a and Fig. 2 b, the relevant parameter for setting optical system is:System incidence clear aperture is 1000mm, work
Wavelength is 532.260nm, Detection wavelength 632.8nm, 0.2~5mrad of field angle, optics the ratio of obstruction≤5%, parabolic reflector master
Wave aberration RMS≤the λ, λ of mirror 1 are Detection wavelength, and radius of curvature is -3000mm, and appearance and size is 1040 × 150mm of Φ, optics
Material is Pai Likesi, and aluminizer adds SiO2 protective films, and optic fibre switching microscope group is set by the following two kinds form:
Form one:Core diameter is 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.22, matched optic fibre switching microscope group
First face of the first lens 2 is sphere, and radius of curvature is -73.120mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
26.822mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.348;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group 3 is ellipsoid
Face, center curvature radius are -26.822mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.348, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
73.120mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1;
Light beam focuses on the first focal position, and the iris diaphgram by light switching microscope group front end enters optic fibre switching microscope group
In, parabola principal reflection mirror can individually detect its face shape parameter, and optic fibre switching microscope group is in operation wavelength 532.260nm and detection
Wavelength 632.8nm can meet design requirement.
Form two, core diameter 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.11, matched optic fibre switching microscope group
First face of the first lens 2 is sphere, and radius of curvature is -125.493mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
35.939mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.655;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group 3 is ellipsoid
Face, center curvature radius are -35.939mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.655, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
125.493mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1.
In form one and form two, the distance of the first focal position to the first lens of optic fibre switching microscope group is 30mm, light
The spacing of the first lens to the second lens is 20mm in fibre switching microscope group, and the first face refers to most arrive first according to the direction of propagation of light
The face of the optical element reached.
The present invention is more reasonable than conventional laser radar system structure, realizes zoom function, can be to outgoing beam
Numerical aperture NA carry out appropriate change, and zoom system, pancreatic system use integrated design, reduces design difficulty and adjustment hardly possible
Degree, meets the requirement of densification and low cost.The present invention is rational in infrastructure, makes and assembling is easy, scalability is good, cost
It is low, easy to produce in batches.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system, it is characterized in that:The laser radar optical system is throwing
The structure type that object plane mirror prime focus optical fiber receives, including parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) and optic fibre switching microscope group, and the laser
In radar optics system in addition to parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) is parabola, the optic fibre switching mirror in optic fibre switching microscope group uses
Ellipsoid, it is matched using different optic fibre switching microscope groups for the reception optical fiber of different numerical apertures and core diameter;
In the laser radar optical system, auto-collimation detecting system is formed by the parabolic reflector primary mirror (1), in visual field
Incident beam focus is in the first focal position of the laser radar optical system;Using described in optic fibre switching microscope group change
The focal length of laser radar optical system, and change the numerical aperture of parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) outgoing beam at the first focal position
Footpath NA;Second focus system is formed by the optic fibre switching microscope group, the incident beam of the parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) will be come from
Focus at the second focal position of laser radar optical system, be imaged as the disc of confusion of fair-sized and fully enter positioned at
Reception optical fiber at two focal plane positions;
The optic fibre switching microscope group is made of the first lens and the second lens, and first lens and the second lens are biconvex
Lens;First lens and the second lens are symmetrical structure, and adjacent face is identical song between the first lens and the second lens
The ellipsoid of rate radius and quadratic surface coefficient, remaining two faces be same curvature radius sphere, first lens and
The thickness of second lens and optical material all same;
By carrying out the switching between laser output wavelength and Detection wavelength in the laser radar optical system, make the throwing
Object plane reflection primary mirror can be used alone or carry out auto-collimation inspection;In the first focal position of the laser radar optical system
Place's installation iris diaphgram, for matching the reception optical fiber of different numerical aperture NA;The reception optical fiber, its fiber optic point position are three-dimensional
Independent adjustable, the three-dimensional is adjustable to be referred to respectively along in the both direction of optical axis, and along parallel to optical axis side
Upward is three-dimensional separately adjustable;The parabolic reflector primary mirror (1) is concave mirror, the effective aperture of the concave mirror
For 200mm~1500mm.
2. prime focus zoom reflective laser radar optics system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The relevant parameter for setting the optical system is:System incidence clear aperture is 1000mm, and operation wavelength is
532.260nm, Detection wavelength 632.8nm, 0.2~5mrad of field angle, optics the ratio of obstruction≤5%, parabolic reflector primary mirror (1)
Wave aberration RMS≤λ, λ be Detection wavelength, radius of curvature is -3000mm, and appearance and size is 1040 × 150mm of Φ, by following two
Kind form sets optic fibre switching microscope group:
Form one:Core diameter is 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.22, matched optic fibre switching microscope group first
First face of lens (2) is sphere, and radius of curvature is -73.120mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
26.822mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.348;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group (3) is ellipse
Sphere, center curvature radius are -26.822mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.348, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
73.120mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1;
Form two, core diameter 1mm, the optical fiber of numerical aperture NA=0.11, matched optic fibre switching microscope group first
First face of lens 2 is sphere, and radius of curvature is -125.493mm, and the second face is ellipsoid, and center curvature radius is
35.939mm, quadratic surface coefficient are 1.655;First face of matched the second lens of optic fibre switching microscope group 3 is ellipsoid
Face, center curvature radius are -35.939mm, and quadratic surface coefficient is 1.655, and the second face is sphere, and radius of curvature value is
125.493mm, forms symmetrical structure, optical thickness is 12mm, and optical material is JGS1;
In the form one and form two, the distance of the first focal position to the first lens of optic fibre switching microscope group is 30mm, light
The spacing of the first lens to the second lens is 20mm in fibre switching microscope group, first face refer to according to light the direction of propagation most
The face of the optical element first reached.
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CN107153195A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-09-12 | 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 | Multi-line laser radar and multi-line laser radar control method |
CN110361711A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-22 | 深圳大舜激光技术有限公司 | Method, system and the laser radar of Zigzag type measurement extinction coefficient |
CN110737103B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber off-axis catadioptric multichannel optical system assembling and adjusting method |
CN110879385B (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2024-06-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十四研究所 | Non-scanning laser radar receiving optical system |
CN112098974B (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-08-12 | 北京理工大学 | Method and device for realizing variable scanning field of view and variable scanning density laser radar |
CN117666094B (en) * | 2024-01-30 | 2024-04-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Large-caliber large-view-field telescope optical structure |
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