CN105784973A - On-site inclining test method of rockfill - Google Patents
On-site inclining test method of rockfill Download PDFInfo
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- CN105784973A CN105784973A CN201610293696.0A CN201610293696A CN105784973A CN 105784973 A CN105784973 A CN 105784973A CN 201610293696 A CN201610293696 A CN 201610293696A CN 105784973 A CN105784973 A CN 105784973A
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
Disclosed is an on-site inclining test method of rockfill.The on-site inclining test method of the rockfill includes the following steps: (1) selecting a test location; (2) determining test thickness and layer thickness of the rockfill; (3) placing a bottom case, and filling the bottom case with stones prior to rolling the stones; (4) assembling a middle case, putting the middle case on the bottom case, and then filling the middle case with a second layer of crushed stones and rolling the crushed stones; (5) putting a top case on the top of the middle case, and then filling the top case with a third layer of crushed stones prior to rolling the crushed stones; (6) putting a top cover plate on the top case; (7) removing the crushed stones in a set range of the outer side of a test device; (8) removing the middle case; (9) installing a goniometer, and recoding a start angle of the goniometer; (10) lifting the test device; (11) utilizing the goniometer to read and record an end angle of the test, and subtracting the start angle from the end angle to obtain an inclination angle of the tested rockfill.By the on-site inclining test method, the inclination angle in accordant with engineering practice can be acquired, and the method is simple, feasible, convenient to operate, low in cost and short in period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, it is adaptable to the on-the-spot inclining experiment of rockfill and inclination angle thereof obtain, and belong to field of engineering technology.
Background technology
The aggregation that rockfill is made up of not of uniform size, different block stone or rubble, is usually used in the engineerings such as building lot, riverbank, masonry dam.The destruction main manifestations of rockfill is that intergranular shearing strength is destroyed, and the relevant parameter relating to rockfill shearing strength failure criteria has: coarse fluctuating quantity during the relative changing of the relative positions between (1) granule；(2) comprcssive strength；(3) loading stress；(4) basal farmland dependency.Complexity due to influence factor, the failure criteria making rockfill shearing strength presents nonlinear model, in these parameters, between granule, coarse fluctuating quantity during the relative changing of the relative positions is affected greatly by particle size, shape, and it is relevant to execution conditions and mode, therefore, it is difficult to obtained by Theoretical Calculation, it is necessary to obtained by inclination angle back analysis.Inclining experiment is to obtain the effective ways at inclination angle, owing to being limited by factors such as the place of laboratory test, execution conditions, it is difficult to the real rockfill character of simulated field, it is impossible to realize the inclining experiment actual consistent with engineering, also just cannot obtain the coarse fluctuating quantity of rockfill.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the restriction that prior art is subject to the place of laboratory test, execution conditions etc. cannot obtain the deficiency at the rockfill inclination angle actual consistent with engineering, the present invention provides a kind of inclination angle of being consistent actual in engineering that not only can obtain, and the on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of the rockfill simple, easy to operate, expense is low, the cycle is short.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, the test device realizing the method employing includes lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box, described top box is supreme, following box like structure, described lamina tecti is fixed on top box, described top box is arranged on box, described middle box is supreme, following box like structure, described middle box is divided into left half box and right half box, described left half box and the right half detachable connection of box, described middle box is positioned in back box, back box is without box like structure above, described lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box surround the cavity volume placed for rockfill to be tested；Hoisting ring is installed at the two ends of one side of described back box, and another side adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring is installed clinometer, and described method of testing comprises the steps:
1) according to region to be tested and elevation location thereof, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) place back box, filling, roll building stones, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and is positioned in back box, then filling, rolls second layer metaling, reaches the degree of compaction required by engineering；
5) place top box on middle box top, then filling, roll third layer metaling, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble in set point outside cleaning test device；
8) box in removing, the rubble body of middle box position will expose, and forms the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) clinometer is installed, and records the start angle of clinometer；
10) being connected with two hoisting rings staying test bottom of device side in advance lifting hawser one end, the other end is connected with boom hoisting, is lifted by crane by device, and test device can rotate around the bottom of opposite side；In removal, the rockfill of box position has tendency toward sliding, and along with the lifting of sling height, in device, the rubble cognition of box position staggers, and slides, at this moment stops the lifting of test device；
11) utilizing clinometer to read and record the end angle of this test, end angle deducts start angle and obtains the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.
Further, described method of testing also comprises the steps:
12) repeat (3) to test to (11) three times, obtain three rubble body inclinations angle, then average, obtain the average slope angle of this rockfill.
Further, the side of described top box is installed flexible spinning bar, described flexible spinning bar includes swing arm, depression bar and base, described swing arm can be sleeved on base up or down, described swing arm top has hole, the bottom of described depression bar is rotatably mounted around in described hole, and described depression bar contacts with described lamina tecti；
Described step 5) in, flexible spinning bar is at contraction state when not working, and is rotated by swing arm, makes hole in box；
Described step 6) in, retrain lamina tecti by flexible spinning bar, the rubble around the flexible spinning bar of cleaning, first reach half extended configuration by swing arm pulls out setting height；Rotating swing arm again makes hole external, is screwed out completely by depression bar, reach extended configuration from hole；Rotate swing arm to make depression bar be pressed on lamina tecti it is fixed.
The technology of the present invention is contemplated that: The present invention gives the on-the-spot inclining experiment at rockfill inclination angle test device and method of testing thereof, can accurately measure the inclination angle of rockfill at the scene, and obtain coarse fluctuating quantity during the relative changing of the relative positions between granule by back analysis, set up the shearing strength damage model of rockfill, thus evaluating stability and the safety coefficient of rockfill.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is mainly manifested in: (1) is with strong points, widely applicable.Construction condition and the construction area of different engineerings are difference, this test device the Engineering Zone of any needs test at the scene can carry out the on-the-spot inclining experiment of rockfill, and execution conditions all can keep consistent with field condition with region, thus the inclination angle matched with this engineering, region and execution conditions can be obtained.(2) cost is low.The material that this device adopts is common steel, is widely used, and processing technology is simple, and cost is low, it is possible to promote on a large scale.(3) speed is fast, easy to operate.This apparatus structure is simple, easy to assembly, and method of testing is simple, and test speed is fast, can be suitable for the engineers and technicians of different levels.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the on-the-spot inclining experiment test device of rockfill.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of back box.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of top box.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of middle box.
Fig. 5 is the section constitutional diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the contraction state stretching pressure spinning bar.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of half extended configuration of flexible spinning bar.
Fig. 8 is the profile of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the full extended configuration of flexible spinning bar.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 9, a kind of on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of rockfill, the test device realizing this method of testing includes lamina tecti 1, top box 2, middle box 3 and back box 4, described top box 2 is supreme, following box like structure, described lamina tecti 1 is fixed on top box 2, described top box 2 is arranged on box 3, described middle box 3 is supreme, following box like structure, described middle box 3 is divided into left half box and right half box (in namely box A plate and middle box B plate), described left half box and the right half detachable connection of box, described middle box 3 is positioned in back box 4, back box 4 is without box like structure above, described lamina tecti 1, top box 2, middle box 3 and back box 4 surround the cavity volume placed for rockfill to be tested；Hoisting ring 5 is installed at the two ends of one side of described back box 4, another side adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring is installed method of testing described in clinometer 6 and comprises the steps:
1) according to region to be tested and elevation location thereof, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) place back box, filling, roll building stones, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and is positioned in back box, then filling, rolls second layer metaling, reaches the degree of compaction required by engineering；
5) place top box on middle box top, then filling, roll third layer metaling, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble in set point outside cleaning test device；
8) box in removing, the rubble body of middle box position will expose, and forms the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) clinometer is installed, and records the start angle of clinometer；
10) being connected with two hoisting rings staying test bottom of device side in advance lifting hawser one end, the other end is connected with boom hoisting, is lifted by crane by device, and test device can rotate around the bottom of opposite side；In removal, the rockfill of box position has tendency toward sliding, and along with the lifting of sling height, in device, the rubble cognition of box position staggers, and slides, at this moment stops the lifting of test device；
11) utilizing clinometer to read and record the end angle of this test, end angle deducts start angle and obtains the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.
Further, described method of testing also comprises the steps:
12) repeat (3) to test to (11) three times, obtain three rubble body inclinations angle, then average, obtain the average slope angle of this rockfill.
Further, the side of described top box 2 is installed flexible spinning bar 7, described flexible spinning bar 7 includes swing arm 8, depression bar 9 and base 10, described swing arm 8 can be sleeved on base 10 up or down, described swing arm 8 top has hole 11, the bottom of described depression bar 9 is rotatably mounted around in described hole 11, and described depression bar 9 contacts with described lamina tecti 1.
Described base 10 is fixed on the middle part of top box 2 side.The upper end clamping of the lower end of described top box 2 and middle box 3, the lower end of described top box 2 is provided with gets out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation, and the upper end of described middle box 3 is provided with tops bar, described in get out of a predicament or an embarrassing situation be connected to described in top bar on.The lower end of described middle box 3 and the upper end clamping of back box 4, the lower end of described middle box 3 is provided with lower bayonet slot, and the upper end of described back box 4 is provided with draw-in groove, and described lower bayonet slot is connected on described upper draw-in groove.Described upper lower bayonet slot can also adopt the form of step.
In the present embodiment, lamina tecti is long 1980mm, wide 980mm, the rectangular slab of thick 20mm.Lamina tecti is placed on top box, and is fixed on top box by flexible spinning bar.
Top box is the box like structure without above and below, high 350mm, the short transverse that do not coexist according to thickness can point upper, middle, and lower part, size is 20mm, 280mm, 50mm respectively.Lower disposed has 20 bolts hole, and wherein: there are 7 screws on long limit, minor face has 3 screws.
Middle box is made up of, high 400mm middle box A plate (left half box) and middle box B plate (right half box)；The short transverse that do not coexist according to thickness can point upper, middle, and lower part, size is 50mm, 250mm, 100mm respectively.A, B two plate separate on the long limit of middle box, the long protruding 50mm of 1350mm and 650mm, A plate respectively, corresponding B plate is connected with to contract 50mm, A, B plate, and 2 screws are along height equidistant placement.Middle box upper and lower part is respectively provided with 20 bolts hole, and wherein: there are 7 screws on long limit, minor face has 3 screws.
Back box is that back box height overall is 400mm, and the short transverse that do not coexist according to thickness can divide upper and lower two parts, and size is 100mm, 300mm respectively without box like structure above.Back box top is provided with 20 bolts hole, and wherein: there are 7 screws on long limit, minor face has 3 screws.Top box, middle box, back box are with bolts in adjacent position.
Flexible spinning bar 7 is formed by 8,9,10,11.Flexible spinning bar is positioned at the centre position on top box four limit, adopts and be weldingly connected outside its base and top box.Swing arm 8 both can also can move up and down on base in certain amplitude in 360 degree of rotations.In order to be connected with depression bar by swing arm, swing arm is offered hole, for providing revolution space to depression bar；Depression bar utilizes ball strand constraint can carry out being reliably connected and can twisting center rotating around ball with swing arm.Flexible spinning bar divides three kinds of states such as contraction state, half extended configuration, full extended configuration.Contraction state is swing arm and depression bar all freely hangs；Half extended configuration is to pull out on swing arm but swing arm does not screw out；Full extended configuration is to pull out on swing arm and swing arm screws out completely.
Some hydropower station dam is CFRD, reinforced concrete face rockfill dam height of dam 58m, dam length 150m, dam crest width 7.5m, and upstream dam slope is 1:1.5, and downstream dam slope is 1:1.7.In dam, stockpile is to be filled by the siliceous slate rubble that grain composition is good.Whole place adopts blossom type windrow, is bulldozed with bull-dozer；Layer thickness is carried out by designing requirement；Adopt straight line driving to come and go wrong from formula vibroroller cmpacting, meet after design layer thickness requires, namely fully sprinkle water, then with water spill into mode roll.In order to obtain between the granule of filled rockfill the coarse fluctuating quantity during changing of the relative positions relatively, the on-the-spot inclining experiment utilizing rockfill just can obtain rockfill inclination angle easily and fast, accurately, and obtained the coarse fluctuating quantity of granule by the inclination angle back analysis obtained.
Embodiment of the present invention are:
1) testing location is selected.According to region to be tested and elevation location thereof, select the testing location being suitable for.
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined.Rubble body gross thickness is the height of test device, and in order to ensure the degree of compaction of lift height, lift height is by the 1/3 of the gross thickness filler carrying out rubble body.Considering the depression after rolling, need to reserve when rubble body fills and roll the 1% of rear height is landfill superelevation.
3) place back box 4, filling, roll building stones, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering.Rolling placement back box 4, opening upwards on smooth place；Utilize excavator ground on the scene to spread rubble uniformly, it is ensured that in back box and outside 5m scope be all paved with rubble, rubble should be higher than that open height 1% on device.Adopt the satisfied compacting machine rolling energy required by engineering to enter place and carry out compacting, and reach the degree of compaction required by engineering design.
4) box 3 in assembling, and is positioned in back box 4, is connected with bolt, then filling, rolls second layer metaling, reaches the degree of compaction required by engineering.The middle box A plate of box 3, middle box B plate in assembling, adopt bolt 12 by A, B plate bolt；Cleaning back box outer periphery rubble, is positioned in back box 4 by box 3 in boom hoisting handle；Utilize excavator uniform paving on the metaling of ground floor compacting to spill rubble, it is ensured that in lower box and outside 5m scope be all paved with rubble, rubble should be higher than that the height 1% that device is suitable for reading.Adopt the satisfied compacting machine rolling energy required by engineering to enter place and carry out compacting, and reach the degree of compaction required by engineering design.
5) place top box 2 on middle box top, be connected with bolt, then filling, roll third layer metaling, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering.Flexible spinning bar 7 is at contraction state when not working, and now its end face flushes with the end face of top box 2, it is prevented that be subject to crushing.Swing arm 8 is rotated, makes hole 11 in box, it is to avoid hole 11 is pressed into building stones.Box outer periphery rubble in cleaning, is positioned over top box 2 on middle box 3 by boom hoisting.Utilize excavator to spread rubble on the metaling of the second layer compacting uniformly, it is ensured that in back box 4 and outside 5m scope be all paved with rubble, rubble should be higher than that the height 1% that device is suitable for reading.Adopt the satisfied compacting machine rolling energy required by engineering to enter place and carry out compacting, and reach the degree of compaction required by engineering design.
6) lamina tecti 1 is positioned on top box 2, and retrains lamina tecti 1 by flexible spinning bar 7.Rubble around the flexible spinning bar 7 of cleaning, first highly reaches half extended configuration by pulling out 20mm on swing arm；Rotate swing arm 8 again and make hole 11 externally, just depression bar 9 can be screwed out completely from hole 11, reach extended configuration.Rotate swing arm 8 to make depression bar 9 be pressed on lamina tecti 1 it is fixed, it is prevented that in lifting process, lamina tecti 1 is not owing to fixing landing.
7) rubble within the scope of 5m outside cleaning tilting gearing.The compacting rubble of the outer surrounding of cleaning tilting gearing, tests, for ensuing inclining experiment, the space that device lifting provides enough.
8) box 3 in removing.The bolt 12 being connected with middle box A plate on box B plate in dismounting, by first removing A plate, the order of rear B plate, in box 3 take off from test device, in this sampling device, the rubble body of box position will expose, and forms the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment.
9) clinometer 6 is installed, and records the start angle of clinometer 6.Adopt Magnet to be positioned over lower box length direction panels outside clinometer 6, and record the start angle of clinometer 6.
10) lifting tilting gearing.Being connected with two suspension ring 5 staying test bottom of device side in advance lifting hawser one end, the other end is connected with boom hoisting, such as crane etc..Gently being lifted by crane by device, test device can rotate around the bottom of opposite side.Under gravity, in removal, the rockfill of box position has tendency toward sliding, and along with the lifting of sling height, in device, the rubble cognition of box position staggers, and slides, at this moment stops the lifting of test device.
11) angle after record sliding.During slip, utilizing clinometer 6 subsidiary on device to read and record the end angle of this test, end angle deducts start angle, so that it may obtain the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.
12) repeat (3) to test to (11) three times, obtain three rubble body inclinations angle, then average, the average slope angle of this rockfill can be obtained.
Claims (3)
1. the on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of a rockfill, it is characterized in that: the test device realizing the method employing includes lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box, described top box is supreme, following box like structure, described lamina tecti is fixed on top box, described top box is arranged on box, described middle box is supreme, following box like structure, described middle box is divided into left half box and right half box, described left half box and the right half detachable connection of box, described middle box is positioned in back box, back box is without box like structure above, described lamina tecti, top box, middle box and back box surround the cavity volume placed for rockfill to be tested；Hoisting ring is installed at the two ends of one side of described back box, and another side adjacent with being mounted with hoisting ring is installed clinometer, and described method of testing comprises the steps:
1) according to region to be tested and elevation location thereof, testing location is selected；
2) rubble body examination examination thickness and lift height are determined；
3) place back box, filling, roll building stones, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
4) box in assembling, and is positioned in back box, then filling, rolls second layer metaling, reaches the degree of compaction required by engineering；
5) place top box on middle box top, then filling, roll third layer metaling, reach the degree of compaction required by engineering；
6) lamina tecti is positioned on top box,
7) rubble in set point outside cleaning test device；
8) box in removing, the rubble body of middle box position will expose, and forms the rubble body slide surface of inclining experiment；
9) clinometer is installed, and records the start angle of clinometer；
10) being connected with two hoisting rings staying test bottom of device side in advance lifting hawser one end, the other end is connected with boom hoisting, is lifted by crane by device, and inclined testing device can rotate around the bottom of opposite side；In removal, the rockfill of box position has tendency toward sliding, and along with the lifting of sling height, in device, the rubble cognition of box position staggers, and slides, at this moment stops the lifting of test device；
11) utilizing clinometer to read and record the end angle of this test, end angle deducts start angle and obtains the rubble body inclination angle that this time is tested.
2. the on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of a kind of rockfill as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described method of testing also comprises the steps:
12) repeat (3) to test to (11) three times, obtain three rubble body inclinations angle, then average, obtain the average slope angle of this rockfill.
3. the on-the-spot inclining experiment method of testing of a kind of rockfill as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the side of described top box is installed flexible spinning bar, described flexible spinning bar includes swing arm, depression bar and base, described depression bar can be sleeved on base up or down, described depression bar top has hole, the bottom of described swing arm is rotatably mounted around in described hole, and described swing arm contacts with described lamina tecti；
Described step 5) in, flexible spinning bar is at contraction state when not working, and is rotated by swing arm, makes hole in box；
Described step 6) in, retrain lamina tecti by flexible spinning bar, the rubble around the flexible spinning bar of cleaning, first reach half extended configuration by swing arm pulls out setting height；Rotating swing arm again makes hole external, is screwed out completely by depression bar, reach extended configuration from hole；Rotate swing arm to make depression bar be pressed on lamina tecti it is fixed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109900791A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of avalanche rockfill unstable failure simulator |
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| CN103837132A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-06-04 | 南京林业大学 | Device and method for gradient measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109900791A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-06-18 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of avalanche rockfill unstable failure simulator |
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| CN105784973B (en) | 2017-07-11 |
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