CN105781716A - Electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharging system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharging system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105781716A CN105781716A CN201610163383.3A CN201610163383A CN105781716A CN 105781716 A CN105781716 A CN 105781716A CN 201610163383 A CN201610163383 A CN 201610163383A CN 105781716 A CN105781716 A CN 105781716A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
- F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
- F02B37/105—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump exhaust drive and pump being both connected through gearing to engine-driven shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/14—Control of the alternation between or the operation of exhaust drive and other drive of a pump, e.g. dependent on speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Abstract
The invention provides an electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharging system, and belongs to the technical field of turbochargers. The electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharging system and the control method thereof aim at enabling a motor and a turbine variable nozzle ring to be coordinated through the influences of the motor and the turbine variable nozzle ring on performance of an engine. A diesel engine cylinder is directly connected between a gas inlet branch pipe and an exhaust branch pipe of the system. A gas inlet pipe is connected to the gas inlet branch pipe. An exhaust pipe is connected to the exhaust branch pipe. An intercooler is installed on the gas inlet pipe. An electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharger is installed at an inlet of the gas inlet pipe and an outlet of the exhaust pipe. According to the electric-assistance variable nozzle turbocharging system and the control method, the high-speed motor is controlled on the basis of the air-fuel ratio of a diesel engine and the state of a storage battery, the gas inflow amount of the cylinder can be effectively and rapidly regulated so as to be matched with the changes of the oil spray amount, coordinated synchronization of oil and gas is achieved, it is ensured that the diesel engine keeps an appropriate air-fuel ratio value under various working conditions, and meanwhile it is ensured that the battery works in a high-efficiency area.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to turbo-charger technical field.
Background technology
Nowadays turbocharging technology has been widely used on diesel engine for automobile, and it utilizes exhaust energy that diesel engine discharges to drive turbine, and drives coaxial compressor impeller rotary compression fresh air, becomes the important means being effectively improved engine output.Having rotating speed due to diesel engine operation and load variations scope is relatively big, working conditions change feature frequently, conventional turbocharger will appear from following problem with mating of diesel engine: first supercharged diesel engine low-speed dynamic is poor.Diesel engine is when low-speed running, and exhaust gas flow is less thus utilisable energy is not enough, causes supercharger speed relatively low, it is impossible to provide enough boost pressures and air inflow so that the output torque of electromotor and underpower.Secondly when diesel engine operates at high-speed working condition, exhaust energy is superfluous, easily causes the consequence that supercharger exceeds the speed limit and engine boost pressure is too high.Additionally, what turbo-charged diesel was the most prominent is exactly a bit " turbo lag " phenomenon, when being in the transient conditions such as anxious acceleration when diesel engine, distributive value is uprushed, and owing to supercharger and electromotor are pneumatic contact and the machinery inertial of turbine itself, compressor can not provide the higher admission pressure of correspondence immediately, cause that the supply of air substantially lags behind the supply of amount of fuel, air-fuel ratio is too small, and combustion position worsens, and the phenomenon of exhaustor over-emitting black exhaust in short-term even occurs.
In order to solve the problems referred to above, there has been proposed multiple Improving Measurements.Variable nozzle turbocharging system therein obtains wide concern and application with its good characteristic.This technology changes the size of turbine nozzle ring actual internal area by changing jet blade angle, causes that the flow characteristics flowing through turbine exhaust changes, with this rotating speed adjusting supercharger and boost pressure.When low engine speed, make exhaust back pressure increase by reducing turbine actual internal area, thus improving secondary speed, increasing turbine actual internal area during high speed, reducing exhaust flow rate, it is prevented that supercharging is excessive.But the too small meeting of turbine actual internal area causes the increase of pumping loss, engine power performance declines, and the improvement limitation to " turbo lag ".On the other hand, increase circulation area and inevitably result in the waste of waste gas utilisable energy.Thus this measure can not thoroughly solve the matching problem of supercharger and diesel engine.For meeting higher requirement, electricity auxiliary turbine supercharging technology is this more flexible and effective measures receive more and more attention just gradually and become the object of study of many enterprises and colleges and universities.
Number of patent application ZL200710013120, name is called that the patent application of " electric auxiliary turbine pressurizer " proposes a kind of electricity auxiliary turbine Pressurization scheme, additional mechanical supercharging motor and turbocharger are assembled together, by controlling magnetic field rotating speed and current amplitude, the commutation rule of conversion of motor, realize the adjustment of its additional mechanical supercharging intensity, or utilize superfluous waste gas power-generation energy-storage, avoid secondary speed too high, but this patent simply pays close attention to the effect to turbocharger of the state of motor, does not consider the improvement of turbine self structure.Number of patent application ZL201310343844.1, name of patent application is " for improving the stopping of turbocharged engine and the method and system of starting ", at this by regulating turbine vane position in application, or the negative torque of turbocharger is put on by electrically powered machine, increase engine back pressure, to improve stopping and the starting performance of turbocharged engine.Number of patent application ZL200680041850.x, name of patent application is " the control device for internal combustion engine ", proposes a kind of can suppression in that patent and has the probability that boost pressure toning, less stress and vibration occur in the internal combustion engine of multiple different types of boost pressure adjustment actuator.According to the size providing motor power-assisted to turbine rotation, change variable-nozzle open degree feedback and control sensitivity, make actual supercharge pressure quickly and smoothly converge on desired value.Two above-mentioned patents propose corresponding control method just for certain operating condition of electromotor, not in conjunction with the adjustment of each state of motor and variable-nozzle turbocharger, propose comparatively comprehensively control method for Under Different Work Condition of Engine.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to utilize motor and the impact on engine performance of the turbine variable nozzle ring, both are coordinated electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system and the control method thereof of cooperation.
It is directly connected to cylinder of diesel engine between air intake branch and the exhaust branch pipe of the present invention, air inlet pipe is connected on air intake branch, exhaustor is connected on exhaust branch pipe, air inlet pipe is provided with charge air cooler, electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger is arranged on the import of air inlet pipe and the exit of exhaustor, electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger: be by auxiliary compressor, turbine, variable nozzle mechanism, auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive, turbocharger rotating shaft is constituted, compressor is arranged on air inlet pipe porch, turbine is arranged on exhaust outlet place, variable nozzle mechanism is installed in turbine, compressor is connected by turbocharger rotating shaft coaxle with turbine, auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive is installed between compressor and turbine, and rotor is connected with turbocharger rotating shaft coaxle.
Gas path control method under electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system transients operating mode of the present invention,
When distributive value increase, during air inflow relative deficiency, air fuel ratio value is less than normal, namely less thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, to increase air inflow；
When air-fuel ratio exceedesIt is inWithIn scope, now close motor, be namely adjusted to not mode of operation；
When distributive value is less, when air inflow is relatively sufficient, air fuel ratio value is bigger than normal, namely more thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, reduces the rotating speed of turbine, to reduce air inflow, and utilizes unnecessary exhaust energy to change into electric energy to store simultaneously；Refer to air-fuel ratio.
When diesel engine of the present invention is in transient condition, optimum nozzle blade opening formula (1) is expressed as follows:
(1)
In formulaFor optimum nozzle aperture,Represent nozzle aperture, subscriptRepresenting best implication, F represents distributive value, and N is diesel engine speed,Represent described enquiry form,Form is demarcated by threst stand and is obtained, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
Gas path control method under steady state condition of the present invention:
On the basis of transient control methods, increase the closed loop PID control of air intake branch pressure, the optimum nozzle aperture under this operating mode and the motor control signal gone out by electric machine controller decision-making is first obtained by tabling look-up, both is modified for the closed loop controlling target further according to air intake branch pressure, using the input controlled as final gas circuit through revised nozzle aperture and motor control signal；
By acquisition air intake branch pressure desired value of tabling look-up, it is expressed as follows with formula (2):
(2)
In formulaFor air intake branch pressure desired value, unit, specifically,Represent pressure, subscriptRepresent air intake branch, superscriptRepresent the implication of target；Represent distributive value, i.e. circulating fuel injection quantity, unit mg/cyc；For diesel engine speed, unit；Represent described enquiry form, be two input one outputs, namely input distributive valueAnd diesel engine speed, pass through formInquiry, exportable air intake branch pressure desired value, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
Gas path control method under idling operation of the present invention:
Nozzle aperture and motor control signal will directly be set to the value fixed, and the closed loop cancelling air intake branch pressure controls, and starts high-speed electric expreess locomotive, control motor and be in electric motor mode, auxiliary turbine supercharging rotating shaft rotates, and nozzle aperture is close to contract fully simultaneously, is namely set as 0.1；
When diesel engine thermal starting, when being namely in warm idle state, inside it, there is higher remaining temperature, control motor and be in electric motor mode, nozzle aperture standard-sized sheet, be namely directly set as 1.
The method have the advantages that
(1) present invention utilizes the auxiliary of high-speed electric expreess locomotive, generating effect, and take into full account the impact on aerofluxus flow characteristics of the variable nozzle ring turbine, high-speed electric expreess locomotive is combined with variable-nozzle turbocharger, cooperation by motor Yu variable-nozzle aperture, both advantages can be not fully exerted, and has maximally utilised the turbocharging impact on diesel engine performance.
(2) present invention operating mode operation characteristic according to diesel engine, from the angle meeting demand for control, is respectively directed to diesel transient operating mode and steady state condition proposes two kinds of gas path control methods, coordinate to control nozzle aperture and high-speed electric expreess locomotive mode of operation.Transient condition control method can realize quickly improving air inflow, improves the target of diesel transient response characteristic.And steady state condition controlling party rule adds closed loop feedback, both meet current working performance requirement, and can accurately regulate again air inflow.
(3) high-speed electric expreess locomotive switches in motor, electromotor and the Three models that do not work, and the accurate adjustment of nozzle vane aperture, it is achieved that turbocharger and electromotor matched well under full working scope, and control method is more flexible and effective.By coordinating control, alleviate deficiency of air during diesel engine low cruise, improve low speed torque output；Superfluous exhaust gas conversion becomes electric energy, improves the fuel economy of exhaust gas utilization rate and diesel engine；Improve diesel engine starting and acceleration, and improve the temporal properties of turbocharger, alleviate " turbo lag " problem.
(4) based on diesel engine air-fuel ratio and battery condition, high-speed electric expreess locomotive is controlled, can efficiently and rapidly regulate cylinder intake air quantity, to coordinate the change of distributive value, reach the coordinate synchronization that oil is gentle, guarantee that diesel engine keeps suitable air fuel ratio value under various operating modes, also ensure that battery operated in high efficiency region simultaneously.
(5) the coordinating of variable nozzle mechanism and motor, can have reduction exhaust back pressure under electromotor operating mode, or be beneficial to the advantage of high-speed electric expreess locomotive charging.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system structure sketch of the diesel engine possessing electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharger；
Fig. 2 is the gas circuit control program figure under diesel transient operating mode of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that motor controls rule schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that electric machine controller actuating motor controls rule；
Fig. 5 is the gas circuit control program figure under diesel engine steady state condition of the present invention；
Number in the figure illustrates: 1 electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger, 1a compressor, 1b turbine, 1c variable nozzle mechanism, 2 high-speed electric expreess locomotives, 3 turbocharger rotating shafts, 4 charge air coolers, 5 air inlet pipe, 6 air intake branches, 7 cylinder of diesel engine, 8 exhaust branch pipes, 9 exhaustors, 10 power inverters, 11 accumulator.
Detailed description of the invention
nullIt is directly connected to cylinder of diesel engine 7 between air intake branch 6 and the exhaust branch pipe 8 of the present invention，Air inlet pipe 5 is connected on air intake branch 6，Exhaustor 9 is connected on exhaust branch pipe 8，Air inlet pipe 5 is provided with charge air cooler 4，Electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger 1 is arranged on the import of air inlet pipe 5 and the exit of exhaustor 9，Electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger 1: be by auxiliary compressor 1a、Turbine 1b、Variable nozzle mechanism 1c、Auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2、Turbocharger rotating shaft 3 is constituted，Compressor 1a is arranged on air inlet pipe 5 porch，Turbine 1b is arranged on exhaustor 9 exit，Variable nozzle mechanism 1c is installed in turbine 1b，Compressor 1a and turbine 1b is coaxially connected by turbocharger rotating shaft 3，Auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 is installed between compressor 1a and turbine 1b，And rotor is coaxially connected with turbocharger rotating shaft 3.
Gas path control method under electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system transients operating mode of the present invention, the steps include:
When distributive value increase, during air inflow relative deficiency, air fuel ratio value is less than normal, namely less thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, to increase air inflow；
When air-fuel ratio exceedesIt is inWithIn scope, now close motor, be namely adjusted to not mode of operation；
When distributive value is less, when air inflow is relatively sufficient, air fuel ratio value is bigger than normal, namely more thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, reduces the rotating speed of turbine, to reduce air inflow, and utilizes unnecessary exhaust energy to change into electric energy to store simultaneously；Refer to air-fuel ratio.
When diesel engine of the present invention is in transient condition, optimum nozzle blade opening formula (1) is expressed as follows:
(1)
In formulaFor optimum nozzle aperture,Represent nozzle aperture, subscriptRepresenting best implication, F represents distributive value, and N is diesel engine speed,Represent described enquiry form,Form is demarcated by threst stand and is obtained, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
Gas path control method under steady state condition of the present invention:
On the basis of transient control methods, increase the closed loop PID control of air intake branch pressure, the optimum nozzle aperture under this operating mode and the motor control signal gone out by electric machine controller decision-making is first obtained by tabling look-up, both is modified for the closed loop controlling target further according to air intake branch pressure, using the input controlled as final gas circuit through revised nozzle aperture and motor control signal；
By acquisition air intake branch pressure desired value of tabling look-up, it is expressed as follows with formula (2):
(2)
In formulaFor air intake branch pressure desired value, unit, specifically,Represent pressure, subscriptRepresent air intake branch, superscriptRepresent the implication of target；Represent distributive value, i.e. circulating fuel injection quantity, unit mg/cyc；For diesel engine speed, unit；Represent described enquiry form, be two input one outputs, namely input distributive valueAnd diesel engine speed, pass through formInquiry, exportable air intake branch pressure desired value, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
Gas path control method under idling operation of the present invention:
Nozzle aperture and motor control signal will directly be set to the value fixed, and the closed loop cancelling air intake branch pressure controls, and starts high-speed electric expreess locomotive, control motor and be in electric motor mode, auxiliary turbine supercharging rotating shaft rotates, and nozzle aperture is close to contract fully simultaneously, is namely set as 0.1；
When diesel engine thermal starting, when being namely in warm idle state, inside it, there is higher remaining temperature, control motor and be in electric motor mode, nozzle aperture standard-sized sheet, be namely directly set as 1.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the system structure sketch of the diesel engine possessing electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger of the present invention.Air inlet path for diesel engine includes compressor 1a, charge air cooler 4, air inlet pipe 5 and air intake branch 6.Diesel engine exhaust port includes exhaust branch pipe 8, exhaustor 9, turbine 1b and variable nozzle mechanism 1c.Compressor 1a is arranged on inlet mouth, and charge air cooler 4 immediately after, and is communicated to air intake branch 6 by air inlet pipe 5.Being directly connected to cylinder of diesel engine 7 between air intake branch 6 and exhaust branch pipe 8, it is coaxially connected by turbocharger rotating shaft 3 that exhaustor 9 is connected to exhaust branch pipe 8 and turbine 1b, compressor 1a and turbine 1b, and compressor rotary speed keeps consistent with secondary speed.
The electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharger 1 of the present invention possesses auxiliary compressor 1a, turbine 1b, variable nozzle mechanism 1c, high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2, turbocharger rotating shaft 3.
Nozzle ring included by variable nozzle mechanism 1c is made up of a series of jet blades uniformly rounded, these blades can rotate jointly around respective axle center, there is diversion function, circulation path between jet blade decides the size of the discharge flow area flowing through turbine, therefore its angle is made to change by each jet blade of rotation, realize the change of nozzle ring actual internal area, and then control the rotating speed of turbocharger.When low engine speed is run, the exhaust gas flow that electromotor is discharged is not enough, now should reduce jet blade angle, namely turbine nozzle actual internal area is reduced, exhaust back pressure is increased, waste gas flow velocity increases, thus improve the rotating speed of turbocharger, increase the air capacity entering cylinder, thus improving the low-speed characteristic of electromotor；When high engine speeds is run, exhaust gas flow is superfluous, now should increase jet blade angle, namely add turbine nozzle actual internal area, makes exhaust back pressure and waste gas flow velocity reduce, reduces the rotating speed of turbocharger accordingly.Thus controller can accurately regulate the size of jet blade angle according to engine operating condition, thus obtaining the boost pressure and the charge flow rate that meet current demand.
Auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 is installed between compressor 1a and turbine 1b, and rotor is coaxially connected with turbocharger rotating shaft 3, being arranged on by motor stator on supercharger shell, power inverter 10 is for realizing the energy transmission between high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 and accumulator 11.Described high-speed electric expreess locomotive can be permagnetic synchronous motor or non-brush permanent-magnet DC motor.Under different engine operating conditions, by the control to this electric moter voltage, high-speed electric expreess locomotive will be in motor, electromotor or the Three models that do not work.Described high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 is in electric motor mode, refer to when low engine speed runs exhaust energy deficiency, accumulator 11 is powered to high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2, motor provides auxiliary positive torque to turbocharger rotating shaft 3, increase admission pressure for compressor 1a and energy is provided, and then the moment of torsion output of diesel engine can be improved；Described high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 is in generator mode, refer to and be at a high speed or during big load at electromotor, waste gas is rotated by turbine drive rotor and produces electric energy by electromagnetic induction, charge to accumulator 11, now turbocharger rotating shaft 3 is applied counteractive negative torque by motor, limiting turbo charger speed and boost pressure with this, so remaining engine exhaust energy has changed into electric energy by high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 and has been stored in accumulator；Described high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 is in not mode of operation, refers to that turbocharger rotating shaft 3 is not applied any active force by high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2, and now motor does not work completely, and internal current is zero, and turbocharger individually operates voluntarily.
In FIG, after charge air cooler 4 is positioned at compressor 1a, the high temperature air of cooling supercharging, to increase atmospheric density.Gas enters described air intake branch 6 by air inlet pipe 5 after supercooling, then flow into cylinder of diesel engine 7 and carry out work by combustion, the waste gas discharged from cylinder enters exhaustor 9 after exhaust manifold 8, finally flows in turbine 1b, drives turbine 1b to rotate to drive compressor 1a that air is compressed.
Operation principle according to electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharger mentioned above, and the overall structure of diesel engine and work process, the jet blade angle of variable nozzle mechanism 1c is (hereinafter referred to as " nozzle aperture ", standard-sized sheet correspondence span 0 to 1 is closed by complete, namely turbine nozzle actual internal area by minimum to maximum) and the mode of operation of high-speed electric expreess locomotive 2 together decided on the duty of diesel engine air-channel system and the output of moment of torsion, therefore by the adjustment to both, the control to diesel engine air-channel system can be completed, the air inflow met needed for electromotor current working is provided, air capacity is coordinated mutually with distributive value, keep suitable air-fuel ratio (the combustion mixture air quality of cylinder of diesel engine and the ratio of fuel oil quality).
The working conditions change of diesel engine for automobile is relatively frequent, torque demand or power is exported requirement and is in change, cause that distributive value also changes therewith, and for realizing gas and the synchronization of oil, air inflow should reach analog value quickly and accurately.It is thus desirable to according to the operating condition that diesel engine is different is reasonable in design and reliable control method.Under diesel transient operating mode, should reducing " turbo lag " impact, the supply alleviating air is delayed, improves the transient response characteristic of supercharger as far as possible；And when diesel engine is in steady state condition, admission pressure should be accurately controlled, thus accurately control diesel engine intake amount and air-fuel ratio.
Owing to opened loop control has higher reliability, and transient response is rapid, but less stable, it is adaptable to the transient control of variable-nozzle turbocharger；Adopt closed loop control, it is possible to accurately controlling admission pressure, but transient response is poor, system complexity is higher, is more suitable for the homeostatic control of variable-nozzle turbocharger.
Based on the feature of the demand for control of diesel engine under different operating modes and above two control method, for diesel transient operating mode and steady state condition, the present invention adopts control method two kinds different.Additionally, the startup idling operation of diesel engine also takes corresponding control strategy.Electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharging diesel engine gas path control method is described more detail below.
(1) gas path control method under transient condition
Control program figure under transient condition is as shown in Figure 2.Driver requires to be embodied in the manipulation of gas pedal for the power output of electromotor, and then directly affect the change of distributive value, therefore, according to accelerator pedal position signal and diesel engine speed, the distributive value of correspondence can be obtained through tabling look-up, as shown in the MAP1 of Fig. 2, input signal is accelerator pedal position and rotating speed, and output signal is distributive value.
When diesel engine is in transient condition, its distributive value or rotation speed change are obvious.When engine speed is in certain region, driver steps on the throttle suddenly pedal, at this moment distributive value sharp rises to a higher value from certain value, simultaneously need to improve boost pressure to increase air inflow, according to current diesel engine speed and distributive value, obtaining nozzle vane the best aperture, this aperture is conducive to boost pressure to rise.Optimum nozzle blade opening can pass through to table look-up to determine, is expressed as follows with formula (1):
(1)
In formulaFor optimum nozzle aperture, without unit, specifically,Represent nozzle aperture, subscriptRepresent best implication；Represent distributive value, i.e. circulating fuel injection quantity, unit mg/cyc；For diesel engine speed, unit。Represent described enquiry form, as shown in " MAP2 " of Fig. 2, be two input one outputs, namely input distributive valueAnd diesel engine speed, pass through formInquiry, exportable optimum nozzle aperture, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.Determine that according to diesel engine condition the principle of optimum nozzle aperture will be described later.DescribedForm is demarcated by threst stand and is obtained, and for different diesel engines, the concrete data in this converting form are different.
When diesel engine speed is not high, along with the increase of distributive value, nozzle aperture reduces rapidly, and to improve exhaust back pressure, if rotating speed rises afterwards, then nozzle aperture also increases accordingly to some extent.
Size according to diesel engine air-fuel ratio, it is determined that the mode of operation of high-speed electric expreess locomotive.Specifically, under transient condition, distributive value increases suddenly, and owing to the air inflow that affects of " turbo lag " does not increase immediately, the ratio causing cylinder air quality and fuel oil quality reduces rapidly, namely air-fuel ratio is too small, so it is highly detrimental to diesel powered output and discharge, therefore high-speed electric expreess locomotive should be started at once, according to motor control signal, power inverter is adjusted, change the voltage and current of motor stator winding, control motor and be in electric motor mode, auxiliary turbine rotating shaft accelerates, the boost pressure making compressor reaches higher level within the time short as far as possible, and then quickly improve air inflow, air-fuel ratio will rise, until being in a suitable air-fuel ratio range.As shown in Fig. 3 (a)WithBetween region 2. (use symbolRepresent air-fuel ratio).Obviously, the change of air-fuel ratio is played adjustment effect by electric machine operation state, and air-fuel ratio can as the foundation judging the distributive value of diesel engine and air inflow whether synchronous coordination, thereby, it is ensured that air-fuel ratio is in suitable value is also achieved that the coordination of distributive value and air inflow controls.
The work process of electric machine controller in Fig. 2 is described below.The state-of-charge SOC signal of accumulator 11 in the air fuel ratio signal of diesel engine and Fig. 1 is input in electric machine controller, controller carries out decision-making according to " motor controls rule " as shown in Figure 3, export corresponding motor control signal, regulate the mode of operation of high-speed electric expreess locomotive.
With reference to Fig. 3, below described " motor controls rule " is done narration in detail.When distributive value increases, during air inflow relative deficiency, air fuel ratio value is less than normal, once less thanBe in the region of Fig. 3 (a) 1. time, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, to increase air inflow.And air fuel ratio value is more little, illustrating that air inflow more lacks, the auxiliary positive torque that motor provides to turbocharger rotating shaft is more big, promotes the rapid rising of air-fuel ratio.Additionally, the effect degree that turbocharger is applied by motor is relevant with air-fuel ratio size, the auxiliary positive torque of namely motor output can reduce accordingly along with the rising of air-fuel ratio.When air-fuel ratio exceedesBe in region 2. time, be in suitable scope, now closed motor, be namely adjusted to not mode of operation.When distributive value is less, when air inflow is relatively sufficient, air fuel ratio value is bigger than normal, if more thanBe in the region of Fig. 3 (a) 3. time, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, reduce the rotating speed of turbine, to reduce air inflow, and utilize unnecessary exhaust energy to change into electric energy to store simultaneously, air fuel ratio value is more big, showing that oily gentle not matching degree is more deep, now exhaust energy surplus is also more many, and it is also more big that turbocharger rotating shaft is applied counteractive negative torque by electromotor, achieve the reduction of air fuel ratio value, a part of exhaust energy is changed into electric energy simultaneously.Equally, the negative level of torque of the retroaction of motor output can reduce accordingly along with the decline of air-fuel ratio.When air-fuel ratio less thanBe in region 2. time, regulating motor is not mode of operation.
The state-of-charge SOC of described accumulator is used for the dump energy of reaction cell, and conventional percent represents, when SOC=0 represents that electricity exhausts, when SOC=1 represents electricity full state.When high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, accumulator is powered to motor, for the electricity avoiding exhaustion of the accumulators to store, arranges battery SOC lowest threshold, usesMotor represents, if will not work when current SOC is lower than this value；When high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, superfluous exhaust energy is charged to accumulator by electromotor, for preventing overcharging of accumulator, arranges the most high threshold of battery SOC, usesMotor represents, if will not work when current SOC is higher than this value.Therefore, battery operated in high efficiency region for ensureing, and reduce the service wear to battery, generallyIt is set to 40% to 60%,Being set to 60% to 90%, battery must operate atWithBetween, as Fig. 3 (b) region 4. shown in, when SOC rises to most high thresholdTime, namely arrive the region of Fig. 3 (b) 5. time, stop the generating state of motor, switch to not mode of operation；When SOC drops to lowest thresholdTime, namely arrive the region of Fig. 3 (b) 6. time, stop the motoring condition of motor, switch to not mode of operation equally.
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that electric machine controller actuating motor controls rule.Controller first judges the SOC state of accumulator, if being in motor working region, namelyWithBetween, then proceeding the judgement of air-fuel ratio, decision-making goes out corresponding electrical machine working mode；If SOC is in the idle region of motor, namely motor 5. with region 6., is then closed in the region of Fig. 3 (b), and the analysis not carrying out air-fuel ratio judges.
To sum up, diesel engine is under transient condition, takes the control method of Fig. 2.Being obtained distributive value by accelerator pedal signal and rotating speed by MAP1, this process has annotated driver's power demand to diesel engine, then is input in MAP2 by this distributive value and rotating speed, it is determined that go out optimum nozzle aperture under current instantaneous operating mode；Diesel engine air-fuel ratio and accumulator SOC input signal as the judgement of electric machine controller, decision-making through above-mentioned " motor controls rule ", final controller sends motor control signal, power inverter is adjusted, change the voltage and current of motor stator winding, adjust high-speed electric expreess locomotive and be in different mode of operations.So, the optimum nozzle aperture obtained according to current diesel engine condition and motor control signal, jointly complete the control to air-channel system.This control mode, mainly for realizing the rapidity of transient process, to reach to reduce " turbo lag ", accelerates supercharger transient response, coordinates to control the purpose of air inflow and distributive value.
Gas path control method under steady state condition
During transient condition, it is desirable to improve rapidly air inflow, shorten compressor response and set up the time of boost pressure.And after diesel engine enters steady state condition, rotating speed and distributive value are held essentially constant, and electromotor is in relatively stable running status.At this time, it may be necessary to accurately control the air capacity entering cylinder, meet the power demand of diesel engine under current working.Therefore, should take to be different from the gas path control method of transient condition under steady state condition.
Control program figure under steady state condition is as shown in Figure 5.Work process according to diesel engine, air intake branch pressure reflect air inflow number, there is positively related relation in both, namely air inflow more big then air intake branch pressure is more big, therefore by control air intake branch pressure can reach control air inflow purpose.In order to accurately regulate air inflow, on the basis of above-mentioned transient control methods, increase the closed loop PID control of air intake branch pressure.The optimum nozzle aperture under this operating mode and the motor control signal gone out by electric machine controller decision-making is first obtained by tabling look-up, both is modified for the closed loop controlling target further according to air intake branch pressure, using the input controlled as final gas circuit through revised nozzle aperture and motor control signal.
The optimum nozzle aperture (the nozzle aperture obtained by MAP1) determined according to diesel engine condition follows certain principle (hereinafter referred to as " the determination principle of optimum nozzle aperture ").Specifically, in rotating speed aspect, along with the increase nozzle aperture of diesel engine speed is gradually increased, slow speed jet aperture is less of to ensure enough boost pressures, and high speed nozzle aperture is relatively big to reduce supercharger speed.(diesel load is represented with distributive value in load aspect, the more big load of distributive value is also corresponding more big), general trend is, under a certain rotating speed, nozzle aperture is first quickly decreased to a certain degree be gradually increased afterwards along with the increase of load, nozzle aperture reduces makes supercharger speed be improved, it is ensured that provide sufficient air inflow for cylinder, in distributive value increase situation, fuel can fully burn, and exports enough power.When load continues to increase, when being in big load, if nozzle aperture continues to reduce, exhaust back pressure will increase, and affect engine power performance and economy, and simultaneously for avoiding supercharger to exceed the speed limit, nozzle aperture should increase to some extent.When diesel engine Smaller load, namely distributive value is less, owing to now air capacity is comparatively sufficient, it is possible to reduce exhaust back pressure as far as possible, so nozzle aperture almost standard-sized sheet.
For the control of motor, under steady state condition, follow described motor equally control rule, the electric machine controller size according to air-fuel ratio and accumulator SOC, export corresponding motor control signal.Therefore, determination principle based on optimum nozzle aperture controls rule with motor, when diesel engine runs on different rotating speeds and load condition, corresponding control strategy is also by difference, including following several typical conditions (assuming that accumulator SOC is in the region of Fig. 3 (b) 4.):
(1) low speed high load, the i.e. big distributive value of low speed.Diesel engine runs at the low rotational speed, exhaust gas flow is not enough, cause that secondary speed is relatively low, enough boost pressures cannot be provided, thus the air capacity of entrance cylinder is less, and now distributive value is bigger, determination principle according to optimum nozzle aperture, nozzle aperture should be reduced so that discharge flow area reduces, and increases, with this, the speed that waste gas flows through when load increase and diesel engine low speed, improve exhaust back pressure, and then raising secondary speed, the optimum nozzle aperture therefore determined by MAP1 is less, and this aperture is as the basic value before closed loop correction；Owing to cylinder hollow tolerance is not enough, distributive value is bigger, the gentle inharmonious synchronization of oil, air fuel ratio value in gaseous mixture is less than normal, is in the region of Fig. 3 (a) 1., controls rule based on motor, now controlling high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, there is provided to turbocharger rotating shaft and drive power-assisted, help turbine to accelerate, auxiliary compressor supercharging.The motor control signal that this process is exported by electric machine controller completes, this signal equally as the basic value before closed loop correction, i.e. basic motor control signal in Fig. 5.Owing to this operating mode need to keep nozzle aperture to be smaller value, exhaust resistance and pumping loss increase, but the assosting effect of motor can this adverse effect of partial offset.Simultaneously in order to ensure the accurate control of air inflow, also need to ensure the tracking of air intake branch pressure values under steady state condition, therefore, the correction of PID controller output will be modified by optimum nozzle aperture and the basic motor control signal of MAP1 and electric machine controller output respectively, and the nozzle aperture of revising finally given completes the control to electric auxiliary turbine pressurizer jointly with revising motor control signal.
(2) high-speed high-load, the i.e. big distributive value of high speed.Diesel engine works at high speed, extraction flow is sufficient, the rotating speed of turbine is higher, and compressor can set up higher boost pressure, thus the air capacity entering cylinder is sufficient, determination principle according to optimum nozzle aperture, nozzle aperture should be increased when being in big load and diesel engine high speed so that discharge flow area increases, reduce aerofluxus with this and hinder, reduce exhaust back pressure, and reducing turbo charger speed to prevent it from exceeding the speed limit, therefore optimum nozzle aperture should keep a higher value；Owing to cylinder hollow tolerance is very sufficient, distributive value is relatively big, and the air fuel ratio value in gaseous mixture is bigger than normal, it is possible to more than Fig. 3's (a)Value, exhaust energy is superfluous simultaneously, controls rule based on motor, now controlling high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, effect negative torque on the rotary shaft causes that turbo charger speed declines, limits boost pressure, and unnecessary exhaust energy changes into electric energy to accumulator charging.Ensure that basic value will be modified by the closed loop pid loop that air intake branch pressure is followed the tracks of simultaneously, if air intake branch pressure actual value is more than desired value, show that the air capacity entering cylinder is on the high side, for making arm drop of pressure, should reducing secondary speed, therefore the correction of PID controller output acts on the optimum nozzle aperture of original output, namely increases a correction value on the aperture basis of MAP2 output, it is more many that air intake branch pressure actual value exceedes desired value, and this correction value is more big；For motor control, the negative torque making high-speed electric expreess locomotive export is increased by the correction of PID controller output, the amplitude increased is also relevant with the deviation of pressure actual value and desired value, eventually through the correction to nozzle aperture and motor control signal, it is achieved the reduction of air intake branch pressure actual value is to tend to desired value.
(3) high speed underload, the i.e. little distributive value of high speed.Diesel engine runs at high speed, and exhaust gas flow is sufficient, and secondary speed is higher, thus air inflow is sufficient, and according to the determination principle of optimum nozzle aperture, when diesel engine is in Smaller load and high speed, nozzle aperture should remain the state of almost standard-sized sheet.Reduce exhaust back pressure with this, limit secondary speed, improve engine fuel economy and dynamic property；Owing to cylinder hollow tolerance is sufficient, and distributive value is less, the gentle inharmonious synchronization of oil, and the air fuel ratio value in gaseous mixture is bigger than normal, more thanBeing in the region of Fig. 3 (a) 3., now regulating high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, reduces the boost pressure of secondary speed and compressor.Under this operating mode, nozzle aperture is not full-gear, but somewhat closes a low-angle, member-retaining portion exhaust back pressure than standard-sized sheet, is so more beneficial for motor charging.
Other operating modes are realized controlling target by nozzle aperture and motor mode Controlling principle equally, are not described in detail in the present invention.
By acquisition air intake branch pressure desired value of tabling look-up, as shown in " MAP3 " of Fig. 5, it is expressed as follows with formula (2):
(2)
In formulaFor air intake branch pressure desired value, unit, specifically,Represent pressure, subscriptRepresent air intake branch, superscriptRepresent the implication of target；Represent distributive value, i.e. circulating fuel injection quantity, unit mg/cyc；For diesel engine speed, unit；Represent described enquiry form, be two input one outputs, namely input distributive valueAnd diesel engine speed, pass through formInquiry, exportable air intake branch pressure desired value, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
Contrast and be distinctive in that referring to figs. 2 and 5, the gas path control method under steady state condition and transient state gas path control method the closed loop adding air intake branch pressure controls.Being obtained air intake branch pressure desired value by Fuel Injection Quantity for Diesel and rotating speed through MAP3 inquiry, this value reflects the best air inflow of diesel engine under current working.Air intake branch pressure desired value is made comparisons with the actual value of feedback, both deviations are as the input of PID controller, correction is exported through PID controller computing, afterwards that correction is superimposed with the basic value of optimum nozzle aperture and basic motor control signal respectively, in this, as the amount of finally entering that gas circuit under steady state condition controls.Increase the closed loop being target with air intake branch pressure so that meeting on the basis of diesel engine current working performance requirement, it is achieved the accurate control of air inflow, therefore, it is possible to suppress the interference of outer bound pair diesel engine air-channel system stable operation.
Gas path control method under idling operation
Different from transient state and homeostatic control method, if diesel engine is in following special operation condition, nozzle aperture and motor control signal will directly be set to the value fixed.And the closed loop cancelling air intake branch pressure controls.
(1) cold boot of diesel is worked as, when being namely in cold idling mode, its internal temperature is too low, fuel oil is not easy vaporization, and the mobility of machine oil is poor, and lubricant effect is not good, easily cause bigger mechanical wear, now should starting high-speed electric expreess locomotive, control motor and be in electric motor mode, auxiliary turbine supercharging rotating shaft rotates.Nozzle aperture is close to contract fully simultaneously, is namely set as 0.1, improves exhaust back pressure.Preheat with this acceleration motor, shorten warming-up process；
(2) when diesel engine thermal starting, when being namely in warm idle state, having higher remaining temperature inside it, engine water temperature, close to normal temperature, now still controls motor and is in electric motor mode, promote that turbine accelerates, increase air inflow and nozzle aperture standard-sized sheet, be namely directly set as 1, reduce exhaust resistance, be beneficial to being smoothed out of thermal starting.
Claims (5)
- null1. an electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system，It is characterized in that: between air intake branch (6) and exhaust branch pipe (8), be directly connected to cylinder of diesel engine (7)，Air inlet pipe (5) is connected on air intake branch (6)，Exhaustor (9) is connected on exhaust branch pipe (8)，Air inlet pipe (5) is provided with charge air cooler (4)，Electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger (1) is arranged on the import of air inlet pipe (5) and the exit of exhaustor (9)，Electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharger (1): be by auxiliary compressor (1a)、Turbine (1b)、Variable nozzle mechanism (1c)、Auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive (2)、Turbocharger rotating shaft (3) is constituted，Compressor (1a) is arranged on air inlet pipe (5) porch，Turbine (1b) is arranged on exhaustor (9) exit，Variable nozzle mechanism (1c) is installed in turbine (1b)，Compressor (1a) is coaxially connected by turbocharger rotating shaft (3) with turbine (1b)，Auxiliary high-speed electric expreess locomotive (2) is installed between compressor (1a) and turbine (1b)，And rotor is coaxially connected with turbocharger rotating shaft (3).
- 2. the electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: under transient condition, gas path control method is:When distributive value increase, during air inflow relative deficiency, air fuel ratio value is less than normal, namely less thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is electric motor mode, to increase air inflow；When air-fuel ratio exceedesIt is inWithIn scope, now close motor, be namely adjusted to not mode of operation；When distributive value is less, when air inflow is relatively sufficient, air fuel ratio value is bigger than normal, namely more thanTime, adjustment high-speed electric expreess locomotive is generator mode, reduces the rotating speed of turbine, to reduce air inflow, and utilizes unnecessary exhaust energy to change into electric energy to store simultaneously；Refer to air-fuel ratio.
- 3. electricity assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: when diesel engine is in transient condition, optimum nozzle blade opening formula (1) is expressed as follows:(1)In formulaFor optimum nozzle aperture,Represent nozzle aperture, subscriptRepresenting best implication, F represents distributive value, and N is diesel engine speed,Represent described enquiry form,Form is demarcated by threst stand and is obtained, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
- 4. the electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system according to claims 1, it is characterised in that: gas path control method under steady state condition:On the basis of transient control methods, increase the closed loop PID control of air intake branch pressure, the optimum nozzle aperture under this operating mode and the motor control signal gone out by electric machine controller decision-making is first obtained by tabling look-up, both is modified for the closed loop controlling target further according to air intake branch pressure, using the input controlled as final gas circuit through revised nozzle aperture and motor control signal；By acquisition air intake branch pressure desired value of tabling look-up, it is expressed as follows with formula (2):(2)In formulaFor air intake branch pressure desired value, unit, specifically,Represent pressure, subscriptRepresent air intake branch, superscriptRepresent the implication of target；Represent distributive value, i.e. circulating fuel injection quantity, unit mg/cyc；For diesel engine speed, unit；Represent described enquiry form, be two input one outputs, namely input distributive valueAnd diesel engine speed, pass through formInquiry, exportable air intake branch pressure desired value, subscriptRepresent the implication of form.
- 5. the electric assisted variable nozzle turbocharging system according to claims 1, it is characterised in that: gas path control method under idling operation:Nozzle aperture and motor control signal will directly be set to the value fixed, and the closed loop cancelling air intake branch pressure controls, and starts high-speed electric expreess locomotive, control motor and be in electric motor mode, auxiliary turbine supercharging rotating shaft rotates, and nozzle aperture is close to contract fully simultaneously, is namely set as 0.1；When diesel engine thermal starting, when being namely in warm idle state, inside it, there is higher remaining temperature, control motor and be in electric motor mode, nozzle aperture standard-sized sheet, be namely directly set as 1.
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