CN105779891A - Preparation method for high-hardness friction block for brake pad - Google Patents
Preparation method for high-hardness friction block for brake pad Download PDFInfo
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- CN105779891A CN105779891A CN201610234585.2A CN201610234585A CN105779891A CN 105779891 A CN105779891 A CN 105779891A CN 201610234585 A CN201610234585 A CN 201610234585A CN 105779891 A CN105779891 A CN 105779891A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method for a high-hardness friction block for a brake pad. The preparation method comprises the following steps of raising the temperature of raw materials in the argon atmosphere until a molten state, and then carrying out vacuum heat preservation to obtain a material a; discharging the material a, pouring, cooling to 400-500 DEG C, and carrying out surface machining to obtain a material b; raising the temperature of the material b to T1 DEG C, austenitizing, then carrying out heat preservation for 3-4h, taking out, putting in a nitrate bath with the temperature to be 220-230 DEG C, raising the temperature to T2 DEG C, and carrying out heat preservation for 4-5h to obtain the high-hardness friction block for the brake pad, wherein T1=1100+K1x240x110x(nC+nW+nZr)/28.7, T2=345+K2x100x(nC+nW+nZr), a value of K1 is 5-8, a value of K2 is 28-30, and nC, nW and nZr express the weight percentages of carbon element, tungsten element and zirconium element occupied in the material a respectively.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to brake block technical field, the preparation method particularly relating to a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block.
Background technology
The safety of automobilism, reliability are had vital impact by automobile brake sheet, are one of very important parts of automobile.
At present, Foreign Automobile brake block many employings resin based friction plate, it uses temperature to be generally not more than 250 DEG C, and the too high meeting of temperature causes aging, the cracking of friction plate resin matrix, makes friction disc wear rate sharply increase, and coefficient of friction also changes a lot.The commonly used metal-base composites friction plate being powder metallurgic method and preparing now, it has, and good heat conductivity, friction pair temperature rise be low, allowable temperature advantages of higher.The use temperature of powder metallurgy brake material is higher, and when brake temperature reaches 500 DEG C, it remains to keep less wear rate and more excellent frictional behavior, and the heat affecting of braking dish is less, and can guarantee that automobile safe operation under adverse weather condition.
But in automobile brake sheet, braking brake pad needs the braking energy absorbed increasing at present, and temperature may be up to 700 DEG C, and drag friction block can be caused problems such as deforming upon easily occur.
Summary of the invention
Based on the technical problem that background technology exists, the preparation method that the present invention proposes a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block, gained brake pad anti-wear performance is excellent, and hardness is up to HRC72, and impact flexibility is up to 8J/cm2, meet the requirement to brake pad in actually used process.
The preparation method of a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, raw material is warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.6~0.9%, Si:0.3~0.4%, V:0.2~0.3%, W:0.07~0.10%, Nb:0.05~0.08%, Zr:0.03~0.04%, Cr:3.3~3.6%, Ti:0.002~0.005%, Sc:0.003~0.006%, Bi:0.005~0.008%, B:0.06~0.09%, Y:0.07~0.10%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 400~500 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to T1DEG C carry out austenitizing, be then incubated 3~4h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 220~230 DEG C, be warming up to T2DEG C, insulation 4~5h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block;Wherein T1=1100+K1×240×100×(nC+nW+nZr)/28.7, T2=345+K2×100×(nC+nW+nZr), K1Value be 5~8, K2Value be 28~30, nC、nW、nZrRepresent carbon, wolfram element and zr element shared percentage by weight in material a respectively.
In the present invention, each element interaction is as follows:
Carbon (C): as the essential element forming graphite nodule, can effectively controlling graphite number and graphite size, meanwhile, suitable carbon equivalent can make ferrum liquid readily flowed, increase the mold-filling capacity of ferrum liquid, reduce Shrinkage cavity, improve the compactness of foundry goods, but carbon content is too high, easily produce graphite floatation, affect the performance of cast iron, also can reduce the atmospheric corrosion resistance ability of steel, increase cold brittleness and the aging sensitivity of steel.
Silicon (Si): as strongly facilitating graphited element, the effect bred can be played again.Higher silicon content is to the cast of foundry goods and has very big benefit from feeding, can significantly improve the elastic limit of steel, yield point and tensile strength.Silicone content is high, favourable to forming globular graphite, but silicone content more than 3.0% time, impact flexibility can dramatic drop-off, moreover it is possible to the welding performance of reduction steel.Silicon and molybdenum, tungsten, chromium etc. combine, and are improved corrosion resistance and antioxidative effect.
Vanadium (V): as the excellent deoxidizer of steel, can thinning microstructure crystal grain, improve intensity and toughness.The carbide that vanadium is formed with carbon, can improve resistant to hydrogen corrosive power at high temperature under high pressure.
Tungsten (W): can form tungsten carbide with carbon, has significantly high hardness and wearability, can significantly improve red hardness and heat resistance.
Niobium (Nb): the superheated susceptivity of energy crystal grain thinning and reduction steel and temper brittleness, improves resistant to hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia corrosion ability under intensity, weather-resistant and high temperature, improving welding property, it is prevented that intercrystalline corrosion phenomenon, but plasticity and toughness declines to some extent.
Zirconium (Zr): effect and niobium, titanium, vanadium are similar in steel, have the effect of deoxidation, purification and crystal grain thinning, improve the low-temperature flexibility of steel, eliminate aging phenomenon, the punching performance of raising steel.
Chromium (Cr): can improve quenching degree, can significantly improve intensity, hardness and wearability, moreover it is possible to improving non-oxidizability and the corrosion resistance of steel, but can reduce plasticity and toughness, be also carbide former simultaneously, in spheroidal graphite cast-iron, it can generate M with carbon3C type carbide as effective Hard Inclusion Dispersed precipitate on matrix, can improve hardness and the abrasion resistance of material.Find to confirm through test: containing Cr0.5%, carbide accounts for 15~20%, practical requirement.
Titanium (Ti): the dense internal organization of steel, the grain structure of refinement steel can be made, thus improving intensity and the toughness of steel, eliminating or alleviating the intercrystalline corrosion phenomenon of steel, reducing aging sensitivity and cold brittleness, its energy crystal grain thinning power of improving welding property.Solution strengthening effect is strong, but reduces the toughness of solid solution, is solid-solution in austenite to improve the quenching degree of steel, but chemical combination titanium reduces the quenching degree of steel.Improve temper resistance, and have post-curing effect, improve the non-oxidizability of heat resisting steel and heat resistance, such as creep and creep rupture strength, and improve the weldability of steel.
Bismuth (Bi): can improve the cutting ability of steel, microgranule bismuth melts after contacting with cutting element, super fatting agent effect, and makes chip fracture, it is to avoid overheated, thus cutting rotational speeds can be improved, moreover it is possible to improve stainless cutting ability.
Boron (B): the boron adding trace in steel just can improve compactness and the hot rolling performance of steel, improves intensity.
Scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y): affect the type of nonmetallic inclusionsin steel, quantity and form, purify steel, decrease Al2O3Harm to fatigue behaviour, high cycle fatigue and low-cycle fatigue is all highly advantageous, promote the structural transformation in steel, can be adsorbed on the solid-state nucleating surface grown up, form thin enriched layer, drop low-surface-energy, hinder crystal growth, thus reducing crystal growth rate, refine skeleton, it is suppressed that column crystal grows, and then reduce dendritic segregation and regional segregation, crystal grain thinning, it is suppressed that temper brittleness, the raising thermoplasticity of steel, heat resistance, fatigue behaviour, wearability, resistant to hydrogen cause fragility, non-oxidizability.
Preferably, in the material a of S1, carbon, v element weight ratio be 0.7~0.8:0.22~0.26.
Preferably, in the material a of S1, the weight ratio of titanium elements, scandium element and yttrium is 0.003~0.004:0.004~0.005:0.08~0.09.
Preferably, in S1, material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.7~0.8%, Si:0.32~0.34%, V:0.22~0.26%, W:0.08~0.09%, Nb:0.06~0.07%, Zr:0.033~0.036%, Cr:3.4~3.5%, Ti:0.003~0.004%, Sc:0.004~0.005%, Bi:0.006~0.007%, B:0.07~0.08%, Y:0.08~0.09%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe.
Preferably, in S3, K1Value be 6~7, K2Value be 28.5~29.
When austenitizing temperature is higher, when in austenite, carbon content is higher, austenite is more stable, final tissue has more high-carbon retained austenite, when isothermal temperature is higher, austenite is not easily transformed into acicular ferrite and martensite, also makes have more high-carbon retained austenite in final tissue;And austenite structure can improve the impact flexibility of material, but the hardness of material can be reduced;In heat treatment process, impact flexibility and scale of hardness reveal the process vied each other, dynamically change, and therefore, the relation adjusting heat treating regime, balance-impact toughness and hardness according to alloying component becomes the key obtaining good combination property.The present invention adopts strong carbide and isothermal hardening to be combined with each other so that in bainite+austenitic matrix, Dispersed precipitate M3C type chromium carbide, austenitizing temperature is considered by entirety, austempering temperature, austenitizing time, the temperature retention time of isothermal hardening, disclose the relation between four technological parameters, by four technological parameters are considered, optimize system of heat treatment process, material is made to have good combination property, find austenitizing temperature, austempering temperature and carbon, wolfram element, there is linear relationship in zr element, along with carbon, wolfram element, increasing of zr element content, improve austenitizing temperature, austempering temperature can improve gained of the present invention for the hardness of the high rigidity brake pad of brake block and toughness, its hardness is up to HRC72, impact flexibility is up to 8J/cm2.The present invention also adopts v element and carbon to cooperate simultaneously, and v element is solid-solution in austenite, reduces Carbon diffusion speed, thus delaying austenitic transformation, extends the stage of incubation of bainite transformation, is therefore easy to increase the ferritic quantity of bainite type;In austenitization, the VC granule formed in solidified structure has " pinning " effect, hinder the movement of crystal boundary and growing up of crystal grain, refined austenitic crystal grain, thus providing more favorable nucleation position for bainite, the quantity making bainite in isothermal hardening process increases, and refined bainite structure, and make the amount of retained austenite in outer ring gradually decrease, the amount of acicular ferrite is gradually increased and becomes tiny densification, and carbide (Cr, Fe)7C3, VC and V4C3Quantity also increase therewith, the toughness of the present invention, hardness, anti-wear performance and contact fatigue property are greatly improved;And titanium elements, scandium element and yttrium cooperate, the dense internal organization of the present invention, crystal grain thinning tissue can be made, promote the structural transformation in steel, can be adsorbed on the solid-state nucleating surface grown up, form thin enriched layer, drop low-surface-energy, hinder crystal growth, thus reducing crystal growth rate, reduce dendritic segregation and regional segregation, the basis that vanadium, carbon coordinate is improved intensity and toughness further, moreover it is possible to improve anti-fatigue performance.
Detailed description of the invention
Below, by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, raw material being warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, and wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.6%, Si:0.4%, V:0.2%, W:0.10%, Nb:0.05%, Zr:0.04%, Cr:3.3%, Ti:0.005%, Sc:0.003%, Bi:0.008%, B:0.09%, Y:0.10%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 400 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to 1130.94 DEG C carrying out austenitizing, be then incubated 4h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 220 DEG C, be warming up to 367.2 DEG C, insulation 5h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, raw material being warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, and wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.9%, Si:0.3%, V:0.3%, W:0.07%, Nb:0.08%, Zr:0.03%, Cr:3.6%, Ti:0.002%, Sc:0.006%, Bi:0.005%, B:0.09%, Y:0.07%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 500 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to 1166.90 DEG C carrying out austenitizing, be then incubated 3h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 230 DEG C, be warming up to 373 DEG C, insulation 4h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, raw material being warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, and wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.7%, Si:0.34%, V:0.22%, W:0.09%, Nb:0.06%, Zr:0.036%, Cr:3.4%, Ti:0.004%, Sc:0.004%, Bi:0.007%, B:0.07%, Y:0.09%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 450 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to 1148.35 DEG C carrying out austenitizing, be then incubated 3.6h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 225 DEG C, be warming up to 368.54 DEG C, insulation 4.5h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of a kind of high rigidity brake pad for brake block that the present invention proposes, comprises the steps:
S1, raw material being warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, and wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.8%, Si:0.32%, V:0.26%, W:0.08%, Nb:0.07%, Zr:0.033%, Cr:3.5%, Ti:0.003%, Sc:0.005%, Bi:0.006%, B:0.08%, Y:0.08%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 480 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to 1145.81 DEG C carrying out austenitizing, be then incubated 3.2h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 225 DEG C, be warming up to 371.48 DEG C, insulation 4.8h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block.
The above; it is only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; it is equal to replacement according to technical scheme and inventive concept thereof or is changed, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method for the high rigidity brake pad of brake block, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1, raw material is warming up in argon gas atmosphere molten condition, then vacuum heat-preserving obtains material a, wherein material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.6~0.9%, Si:0.3~0.4%, V:0.2~0.3%, W:0.07~0.10%, Nb:0.05~0.08%, Zr:0.03~0.04%, Cr:3.3~3.6%, Ti:0.002~0.005%, Sc:0.003~0.006%, Bi:0.005~0.008%, B:0.06~0.09%, Y:0.07~0.10%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe;
S2, material a is come out of the stove and pours into a mould, be cooled to 400~500 DEG C, carry out surface machining and obtain material b;
S3, material b is warming up to T1DEG C carry out austenitizing, be then incubated 3~4h, take out and be placed in the salt made from earth containing a comparatively high percentage of sodium chloride bath that temperature is 220~230 DEG C, be warming up to T2DEG C, insulation 4~5h obtains the high rigidity brake pad for brake block;Wherein T1=1100+K1×240×100×(nC+nW+nZr)/28.7, T2=345+K2×100×(nC+nW+nZr), K1Value be 5~8, K2Value be 28~30, nC、nW、nZrRepresent carbon, wolfram element and zr element shared percentage by weight in material a respectively.
2. according to claim 1 for the preparation method of high rigidity brake pad of brake block, it is characterised in that in the material a of S1, carbon, v element weight ratio be 0.7~0.8:0.22~0.26.
3. the preparation method of the high rigidity brake pad for brake block according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that in the material a of S1, the weight ratio of titanium elements, scandium element and yttrium is 0.003~0.004:0.004~0.005:0.08~0.09.
4. for the preparation method of the high rigidity brake pad of brake block according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, in S1, material a includes by weight percentage: C:0.7~0.8%, Si:0.32~0.34%, V:0.22~0.26%, W:0.08~0.09%, Nb:0.06~0.07%, Zr:0.033~0.036%, Cr:3.4~3.5%, Ti:0.003~0.004%, Sc:0.004~0.005%, Bi:0.006~0.007%, B:0.07~0.08%, Y:0.08~0.09%, S≤0.015%, P≤0.015%, surplus is Fe.
5. for the preparation method of the high rigidity brake pad of brake block according to any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that in S3, K1Value be 6~7, K2Value be 28.5~29.
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Cited By (1)
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CN102912255A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-06 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Wear-resisting cast steel and preparation method thereof |
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CN1714160A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2005-12-28 | 工业钢克鲁梭公司 | Method for making an abrasion resistant steel plate and plate obtained |
CN101497963A (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-08-05 | 暨南大学 | Medium alloy abrasion resistant steel and use thereof |
CN102534402A (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2012-07-04 | 杨学焦 | Preparation method for wear-resistant alloy steel |
CN102912255A (en) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-02-06 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | Wear-resisting cast steel and preparation method thereof |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108315645A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-24 | 天津荣程联合钢铁集团有限公司 | A kind of abrasion-resistant stee and its production technology |
CN108315645B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-12-10 | 天津荣程联合钢铁集团有限公司 | Wear-resistant steel and production process thereof |
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