CN105766311B - 一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法 Download PDF

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CN105766311B
CN105766311B CN201610150778.XA CN201610150778A CN105766311B CN 105766311 B CN105766311 B CN 105766311B CN 201610150778 A CN201610150778 A CN 201610150778A CN 105766311 B CN105766311 B CN 105766311B
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self
sweet potato
pollination
fruitful rate
selfing
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CN105766311A (zh
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后猛
***
张允刚
马代夫
李宗芸
刘亚菊
王欣
唐维
闫会
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XUZHOU AGRICULTURE SCIENCE INST XUHUAI AREA JIANGSU
Jiangsu Normal University
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Jiangsu Normal University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
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  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，涉及农作物种质创新及新品种选育技术领域；本发明对不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781，用茑萝为砧木，以供试品种作接穗进行嫁接，辅以8小时短日照处理诱导开花。在开花前一天下午将徐781的花套袋隔离，于开花当天上午9点至11点进行自花授粉。授粉后用含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6‑苄基腺嘌呤、3％的氯化钠和0.2％的硼酸水溶液对花柄处进行喷洒，使其自交结实率达到26.09％，比对照提高44.30％；该方法应用范围广，操作简单方便，重复性好。

Description

一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物种质创新及新品种选育技术领域，特别是涉及一种提高甘薯自交结实率领域。
背景技术
甘薯(1pomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)起源于南美洲热带地区，属于短日照植物，大多数品种在北纬23度以北地区不能自然开花，需要嫁接和短日照等处理以诱导其开花结实。甘薯是异花授粉作物，具有自交不亲和，品种间(***群内)杂交结实率低等不同于其他作物的特点。这些都严重限制甘薯育种中优异资源的利用和亲本的自由组配。自交不亲和导致很难获得高世代的甘薯自交系纯合材料，因此甘薯的遗传研究相当落后。
前人研究还表明甘薯自交亲和品种不足10％，并提出利用甘薯自交系进行甘薯育种的设想。然而由于甘薯自交后由于生命力退化较为严重，连续自交导致花器退化而不能结实，多数停留在自交2代，不能培育出高度纯合的自交系纯合材料。自交系已经在玉米、甘蓝等多种植物上得到深入研究和应用，并取得了显著的社会和经济效益。但是甘薯自交结实率一直没有办法提高。
发明内容
发明目的：提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，以简便性和可操作性为特点，提供一套减少自交工作量，提高现蕾数，克服自交不育等集成技术。
技术方案：一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，其特征是，对不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781，用茑萝为砧木，以徐781作接穗进行嫁接，辅以短日照处理诱导开花；供试甘薯品种开花前一天下午套袋隔离，于开花当天上午进行自花授粉。授粉后用专用化学药剂对花柄处进行喷洒其具体方法如下：
1)材料准备：以茑萝为砧木，用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽，缓苗，辅以8小时暗室短日照处理，诱导其开花；
2)自交授粉：在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离，于开花当天上午进行自花授粉；
3)专用植物化学药剂处理：使用自交处理液，于授粉后对花柄处进行喷施。
本发明的进一步优化方案为：步骤1)中缓苗一周左右。
本发明的进一步优化方案为：步骤1)中辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天左右。
本发明的进一步优化方案为：步骤2)中开花当天上午进行自花授粉时间是9点至11点。
本发明的进一步优化方案为：步骤3)中于授粉后用上述自交处理液对花柄处进行喷施时间为连续3天。
本发明的进一步优化方案为：步骤3)中自交处理液是：含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3％的氯化钠和0.2％的硼酸。
有益效果：性状优良的自交系是得到优良杂交组合的前提，筛选自交系并用于杂种优势育种，是选育优质、高产、专用型甘薯品种的重要途径，并为甘薯遗传基础研究提供一个重要的研究材料。现有技术中李秀英等研究表明，多数品种自交结实率在5％以下，平均结实率仅为8.14％。本申请，可以通过采用特殊的植物生长调节物质处理的方法，来克服甘薯品种自交不亲和的障碍，以获得较为纯合的自交系材料，本发明提供了一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，以简便性和可操作性为特点，提供一套减少自交工作量，提高现蕾数，克服自交不育等集成技术。
具体实施例
一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，具体方法如下是：
1)材料准备：以茑萝为砧木，用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽，缓苗一周左右，辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天左右，诱导其开花；
2)自交授粉：在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离，于开花当天上午9点至11点进行自花授粉，自交后挂牌并记录数据，以便于收获时统计种子结实率。
3)专用植物化学药剂处理：使用自交处理液(含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3％的氯化钠和0.2％的硼酸)，于授粉后对花柄处进行连续喷洒3天，处理的甘薯植株自交结实率比未使用处理液喷洒的植株提高44.30％。

Claims (4)

1.一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，其特征是，对在北纬34度及以北不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781，用茑萝为砧木，以徐781作接穗进行嫁接，辅以短日照处理诱导开花；徐781开花前一天下午套袋隔离，于开花当天上午进行自花授粉；授粉后用专用化学药剂对花柄处进行喷洒；具体方法如下：
1)材料准备：以茑萝为砧木，用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽，缓苗，辅以8小时暗室短日照处理，诱导其开花；
2)自交授粉：在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离，于开花当天上午进行自花授粉；
3)专用植物化学药剂处理：使用自交处理液，于授粉后对花柄处进行喷施；
所述步骤3)中自交处理液是：含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3％的氯化钠和0.2％的硼酸；
所述步骤3)中于授粉后用上述自交处理液对花柄处进行喷施时间为连续3天。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中缓苗一周。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，其特征在于：步骤1)中辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法，其特征在于：步骤2)中开花当天上午进行自花授粉时间是9点至11点。
CN201610150778.XA 2016-03-16 2016-03-16 一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN105766311B (zh)

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CN107646334A (zh) * 2017-10-24 2018-02-02 灵川县龙达种植专业合作社 一种红薯的种植方法
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CN111247992A (zh) * 2020-03-26 2020-06-09 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) 一种促进甘薯自交结实的方法

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