CN105766311B - 一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,涉及农作物种质创新及新品种选育技术领域;本发明对不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781,用茑萝为砧木,以供试品种作接穗进行嫁接,辅以8小时短日照处理诱导开花。在开花前一天下午将徐781的花套袋隔离,于开花当天上午9点至11点进行自花授粉。授粉后用含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6‑苄基腺嘌呤、3%的氯化钠和0.2%的硼酸水溶液对花柄处进行喷洒,使其自交结实率达到26.09%,比对照提高44.30%;该方法应用范围广,操作简单方便,重复性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物种质创新及新品种选育技术领域,特别是涉及一种提高甘薯自交结实率领域。
背景技术
甘薯(1pomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)起源于南美洲热带地区,属于短日照植物,大多数品种在北纬23度以北地区不能自然开花,需要嫁接和短日照等处理以诱导其开花结实。甘薯是异花授粉作物,具有自交不亲和,品种间(***群内)杂交结实率低等不同于其他作物的特点。这些都严重限制甘薯育种中优异资源的利用和亲本的自由组配。自交不亲和导致很难获得高世代的甘薯自交系纯合材料,因此甘薯的遗传研究相当落后。
前人研究还表明甘薯自交亲和品种不足10%,并提出利用甘薯自交系进行甘薯育种的设想。然而由于甘薯自交后由于生命力退化较为严重,连续自交导致花器退化而不能结实,多数停留在自交2代,不能培育出高度纯合的自交系纯合材料。自交系已经在玉米、甘蓝等多种植物上得到深入研究和应用,并取得了显著的社会和经济效益。但是甘薯自交结实率一直没有办法提高。
发明内容
发明目的:提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,以简便性和可操作性为特点,提供一套减少自交工作量,提高现蕾数,克服自交不育等集成技术。
技术方案:一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,其特征是,对不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781,用茑萝为砧木,以徐781作接穗进行嫁接,辅以短日照处理诱导开花;供试甘薯品种开花前一天下午套袋隔离,于开花当天上午进行自花授粉。授粉后用专用化学药剂对花柄处进行喷洒其具体方法如下:
1)材料准备:以茑萝为砧木,用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽,缓苗,辅以8小时暗室短日照处理,诱导其开花;
2)自交授粉:在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离,于开花当天上午进行自花授粉;
3)专用植物化学药剂处理:使用自交处理液,于授粉后对花柄处进行喷施。
本发明的进一步优化方案为:步骤1)中缓苗一周左右。
本发明的进一步优化方案为:步骤1)中辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天左右。
本发明的进一步优化方案为:步骤2)中开花当天上午进行自花授粉时间是9点至11点。
本发明的进一步优化方案为:步骤3)中于授粉后用上述自交处理液对花柄处进行喷施时间为连续3天。
本发明的进一步优化方案为:步骤3)中自交处理液是:含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3%的氯化钠和0.2%的硼酸。
有益效果:性状优良的自交系是得到优良杂交组合的前提,筛选自交系并用于杂种优势育种,是选育优质、高产、专用型甘薯品种的重要途径,并为甘薯遗传基础研究提供一个重要的研究材料。现有技术中李秀英等研究表明,多数品种自交结实率在5%以下,平均结实率仅为8.14%。本申请,可以通过采用特殊的植物生长调节物质处理的方法,来克服甘薯品种自交不亲和的障碍,以获得较为纯合的自交系材料,本发明提供了一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,以简便性和可操作性为特点,提供一套减少自交工作量,提高现蕾数,克服自交不育等集成技术。
具体实施例
一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,具体方法如下是:
1)材料准备:以茑萝为砧木,用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽,缓苗一周左右,辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天左右,诱导其开花;
2)自交授粉:在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离,于开花当天上午9点至11点进行自花授粉,自交后挂牌并记录数据,以便于收获时统计种子结实率。
3)专用植物化学药剂处理:使用自交处理液(含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3%的氯化钠和0.2%的硼酸),于授粉后对花柄处进行连续喷洒3天,处理的甘薯植株自交结实率比未使用处理液喷洒的植株提高44.30%。
Claims (4)
1.一种提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,其特征是,对在北纬34度及以北不能自然开花的甘薯品系徐781,用茑萝为砧木,以徐781作接穗进行嫁接,辅以短日照处理诱导开花;徐781开花前一天下午套袋隔离,于开花当天上午进行自花授粉;授粉后用专用化学药剂对花柄处进行喷洒;具体方法如下:
1)材料准备:以茑萝为砧木,用徐781作接穗进行嫁接后盆栽,缓苗,辅以8小时暗室短日照处理,诱导其开花;
2)自交授粉:在开花前一天下午将徐781植株的花用纸袋套住隔离,于开花当天上午进行自花授粉;
3)专用植物化学药剂处理:使用自交处理液,于授粉后对花柄处进行喷施;
所述步骤3)中自交处理液是:含有100mg/L的萘乙酸、50mg/L的6-苄基腺嘌呤、3%的氯化钠和0.2%的硼酸;
所述步骤3)中于授粉后用上述自交处理液对花柄处进行喷施时间为连续3天。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中缓苗一周。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中辅以8小时暗室短日照处理30天。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高甘薯自交结实率的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中开花当天上午进行自花授粉时间是9点至11点。
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CN111247992A (zh) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-09 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | 一种促进甘薯自交结实的方法 |
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