CN105766283A - Spring corn super-high yield cultivation method - Google Patents
Spring corn super-high yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105766283A CN105766283A CN201610128371.7A CN201610128371A CN105766283A CN 105766283 A CN105766283 A CN 105766283A CN 201610128371 A CN201610128371 A CN 201610128371A CN 105766283 A CN105766283 A CN 105766283A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spring corn super-high yield cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps of fine soil preparation, seed sowing pretreatment, sowing density control, sowing depth adjustment, field management, chemical control treatment, nutritional agent spraying, topdressing and pest control, and after corn is ripe, harvesting is conducted in good time. The super-high yield cultivation method has the following advantages that super-high yield key technologies such as a resource-increasing and reservoir-expanding colony structure potential tapping technology, a continuous nutrition replenishment and resource-increasing senescence prevention technology and a chemical-control stress-resistance stable high-yield colony technology which are integrated with an existing technology are adopted, a super-high yield cultivation technology mode suitable for a rainfall-fed region and a semi-arid region of Jilin province is formed, and the per mu yield of the corn is increased to 1,000 kg from 500 kg.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting agricultural method technical field, be specifically related to a kind of regional spring maize entire mechanization large area Super-high-yielding Cultivation method suitable in annual precipitation 600-800 millimeter, accumulated temperature 2700-2800 degree.
Background technology
In China's Maize Production, there is the problem that unit yield is relatively low commonplacely.Jilin Province is the big province of Maize Production, average every mu of per unit area yield more than 500 kilogram, though unit yield ranks first in the country, but still lower by 40% than the U.S., promote the raising of the Jilin Province maize level of production, to guaranteeing that national food security tool is of great significance.Based on the factor of restriction corn yield, Chinese scholars proposes the number of ways of breakthrough yield, as increased leaf area index by plant type transformation, improve photosynthesis, coordinating individual and the relation of colony, increase storage capacity etc..Although scholars propose a lot of approach, but Jilin Province maize is produced, a lot of technical barriers not yet solve to be the key constraints of output increased, such as, spring maize Super-high-yielding mechanism and production technology research are at the early-stage, and Super-high-yielding improvement of soil fertility, to heat the item technology such as short Seedling, control stalk intense source and maize growth rule synchronous coordination management still very immature.Research and solve these problems, it is achieved the further breakthrough of Semen Maydis large area Super-high-yielding, for increasing farmers' income, General Promotion Semen Maydis integrated production capacity, promotion Corn Industrialization, ensure that national food security is significant.
Obtaining the necessary high-density planting of Super-high-yielding, how Super-high-yielding Cultivation maize population solves colony and individual contradiction better during growth promoter, forms rational group structure, and the ratio in coordinates operation of source stream storehouse is to set up the key of Super-high-yielding group structure；Meanwhile, the greatest drawback of high-density planting is the lodging problem of plant, and improving maize population regularity by solution lodging problem is that colony carries out the structural Main Means taped the latent power；It addition, another factor limiting corn yield under high density is the senilism of later growth period, how realizing Delaying Leaf-Senescence, keeping leaf green, prolongation leaf photosynthesis persistent period to improve yield is another key realizing Super-high-yielding.Meanwhile, pest and disease damage is also very serious on volume increase impact.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for Problems existing and defect in above-mentioned cultivating method of crop, providing humid region spring maize entire mechanization cultural method, the technology such as the method adopts and cultivate Super-high-yielding soil, maize population carries out structure taps the latent power, nutrition continuous is mended, to change control degeneration-resistant realize high yield.
In order to realize these purposes according to the present invention and further advantage, it is provided that a kind of spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method, including:
Step one, seed seed coat agent carry out Cotton seeds；
Step 2, at Suitable Sowing Period, with seeder adopt seed manure separate mode sow, thickness of earth covering is 2～4cm, thickness of sowing regulate to 8.7～9.2 ten thousand strains/hectare, wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount m1It is 72～80kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates be 70～80kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer be 85～90kg/hm2；
Starting thinning when step 3, corn growth are to 3～4 leaves, 8.5～8.9 ten thousand strains/hectare of keeping a full stand of seedings, five exhibition Ye Shizai carry out last final singling, 8.0～8.4 ten thousand strains/hectare of keeping a full stand of seedings；
Step 4,
Spraying nutrient in jointing stage early stage, spray chemical control agent, then carry out deep-topdressing when leaf opened up by Semen Maydis seven, nitrogen fertilizer amount is m2；Semen Maydis eight is opened up Ye Shizai and is sprayed chemical control agent；The Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase sprays nutrient again；After date of weaving silk carries out deep-topdressing again, and nitrogen fertilizer amount is m3, wherein, m2And m3Computing formula be:
m2=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m1
m3=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m2
Wherein, h is milpa height；LAI is leaf-area coefficient；ρ is plant spacing；
Step 5,
Herba Cladoniae verticillatae mouth phase trichogramma releases, discharges 10-11 ten thousand/hectare trichogramma, and interval discharges 11～130,000/hectare trichogrammas again after 5～7 days；The Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase, uniformly remove in Semen Maydis lobus cardiacus with the material of puddling that muscardine mycopowder and fine sand mass ratio are 1:8-8.3, spray triazophos and the complex preparation of 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt again, be simultaneously introduced antibacterial three nitrogen miaow 1000-1500 times of solution of fresh ambam and carry out preventing and treating disease pest；After date of weaving silk sprays again, and the complex preparation spraying triazophos and 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt with long-stalked crop spraying machine is simultaneously introduced antibacterial 78% 3 1000-1500 times of solution prevention and elimination of disease and pests of nitrogen miaow fresh ambam；
Gather in the crops after step 6, Semen Maydis maturation.
Preferably, also including: carry out finely wholely before plantation, mu executes farm manure 2～4m3, deep placement base fertilizer after stubble-cleaning, wherein, per hectare nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer respectively 72～80,70～80,85～90kg, base fertilizer is applied under ridge 7～9 centimeters.
Preferably, the seed coat agent in described step one is no-pollution multifunctional seed coat agent, containing compositions such as carbosulfan, olefin conversion, Triadimenol and Tebuconazoles.
Preferably, distance >=3cm that in described step one, seed manure separates.
Preferably, described step 4 sprays chemical control agent jade many 10～470ml/hm during seven exhibition leaves2, during eight exhibition leaves, spray the many 10～470ml/hm of chemical control agent jade2。
Preferably, described step 4 sprays chemical control agent ton field treasured 430～470ml/hm during seven exhibition leaves2, during eight exhibition leaves, spray chemical control agent ton field treasured 430-470ml/hm2。
Preferably, described step 4 nutrient is content be 85% 1000～1500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, content is 54.6% hundred 750～1500 times of solution of bright fruit.
Preferably, in described step 4, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses embedded depth >=5cm, and carries out fertilizer covering.
Preferably, described seed variety adopts first jade 335.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect: 1, Semen Maydis per mu yield is increased to 1000 kilograms from 500 kilograms；2, adopt increasing source expansion storehouse group structure Oil reserve digging, nutrition continuous to mend increasing source health care technology, change that control is degeneration-resistant stablizes the Super-high-yielding key technologies such as yielding Populations technology, and carry out integrated with prior art, define and be suitable for the moistening district's Techniques for Super High-yielding Cultivation pattern that cools in Jilin Province.
Part is embodied by the further advantage of the present invention, target and feature by description below, and part is also by by being understood by those skilled in the art the research of the present invention and practice.
Detailed description of the invention
Should be appreciated that used herein such as " have ", existence or the interpolation of other elements one or more or its combination do not allotted in " comprising " and " including " term.
Embodiment
Step 1, finely whole
Mu executes farm manure 3 cubic metres, uniformly raises and executes, realizes stubble-cleaning with large-scale scarification equipment, deep placement base fertilizer, the consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 75,75,90 kg/ha, and fertilization depth is for being applied under about eight centimeters alleys, more disposable completing suppressed by ridging, Seedling band.Wherein, with the plot of mechanical harvest crushing maize bar, must degree of depth stubble-cleaning in order to avoid affecting seeding quality.
Step 2, planting seed pre-treatment
Select beautiful 335 kinds of elder generation filtered out.
Before 2.1 sowings, by seed cleaning, it is ensured that seed does not have entomophthora grain, foreign material, seed uniformity.
2.2 select fine day to be spread out by the seed being uncoated teds 1d～2d in the sun；Reach sterilization, improve temperature, break the activity of not eye, enhancing enzyme.
2.3 select the high-efficiency low-toxicity no-pollution multifunctional seed coat agent containing compositions such as carbosulfan (active constituent content >=8%), olefin conversion (active constituent content >=5 ‰), Triadimenol (active constituent content >=5 ‰) and Tebuconazoles (active constituent content >=5 ‰) to carry out seed pelleting.
Step 3, thickness of sowing
The planting density of Super-high-yielding Cultivation about 90,000 strains/hectare, density 8.0-8.5 ten thousand strains/hectare of finally keeping a full stand of seedings.
4, sowing: sow at 4.25-5.1 Suitable Sowing Period.
Seeding technique requires: adopting the beneficial agriculture board two row seeder in Heilungkiang to sow during sowing, the distance that seed manure separates is 3-6cm, and thickness of sowing regulates to 90,000 strains/hectare, thickness of earth covering 3cm.
Seed manure consumption: nitrogen fertilizer amount m1Be 75 kg/ha, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates being 75 kg/ha, the consumption of potash fertilizer is 90 kg/ha.
5, field management:
5.1 weedings: the chemical agent that carries out before after planting emerging is hoed up weeds.Adopt 81.5% acetochlor ec 2500ml/hm2+ 90% atrazine water dispersible granule 2400 grams/ha built agent is prevented and treated, and is watered 30L with spraying machine every mu, uniformly sprays, resprays without drain spray.
5.2 thinnings: start thinning during 3～4 leaves of corn growth, during thinning, remove that growth potential is weak and the Seedling of particularly robust, retain the healthy Seedling that growing height is basically identical, keep a full stand of seedings 8.7 ten thousand strains/hectare, when corn growth to five opens up leaf, again get rid of the Seedling of growth weak tendency, about 8.2 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings/hectare.
5.3 change control processes: when leaf opened up by Semen Maydis seven, spray many ten 450ml/hm of chemical control agent jade2；Leaf opened up by Semen Maydis eight, sprays many ten 450ml/hm of chemical control agent jade2, it is ensured that in high-density environments, still ventilation and penetrating light is good in Super-high-yielding colony, and non-lodging wherein, if mu is kept a full stand of seedings more than 5500 strains, should spray a chemical control agent in the typhon mouth phase again, and the time that specifically sprays is that male the last week taken out by Semen Maydis.
5.4 nutrients: the jointing stage sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate (nutrient content 85%) 1000-1500 times of solution, hundred bright fruits (nutrient content 54.6%) 750-1500 times of solution.Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (nutrient content 85%) 1000-1500 times of solution, hundred bright fruits (nutrient content 54.6%) 750-1500 times of solution is sprayed in the Semen Maydis big mouth phase.
5.5 topdress:
Jointing stage carries out deep-topdressing, nitrogen fertilizer amount m with long-stalked crop spraying machine2Computing formula be:
m2=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m1(1)
Wherein, κ=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156× ρ is growth factor of influence, zero dimension；H is milpa height, and unit is cm；LAI is leaf-area coefficient, zero dimension；ρ is plant spacing, and unit is ten thousand strains/hectare；m1Nitrogen fertilizer amount during for sowing, unit is kg/ha.
Jointing stage corn fertilizing consumption m2It is subject to the impact of leaf-area coefficient LAI, plant height h and plant spacing ρ, wherein, leaf-area coefficient LAI is the multiple (ratio) compared with land area of the greenery area in unit land area, it it is the important indicator weighing group structure, the too high crop ventilation and penetrating light that affects of coefficient, too low can not make full use of luminous energy.The assay method of leaf-area coefficient LAI is: in Semen Maydis tri-leaf period, choose the 30 strain plant listing marks that growth is consistent, from tri-leaf period to the period of maturation every 10 days timing samplings, measuring leaf area and take its mean value calculation leaf-area coefficient LAI, leaf-area coefficient LAI numerical value refers to table one:
Table one is first jade 335 LAI numerical tabular when planting density is 90,000 strains/hectare
| Natural law | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 105 |
| Leaf-area coefficient LAI | 0.15 | 0.98 | 2.7 | 4.1 | 4.68 | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
By h=60cm, LAI=4.4, ρ=90,000 strains/hectare, m1=75 kg/ha bring formula (1) into, obtain nitrogen fertilizer amount m2=89.5 kg/ha.
After date of weaving silk carries out deep-topdressing for 10 days again, and empty bar Semen Maydis is cut down, it is possible to Delaying Leaf-Senescence speed greatly, improves photosynthetic performance, increases grain number per spike, improves mass of 1000 kernel；Nitrogen fertilizer amount m3For；
m3=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m2(2)
Wherein, κ=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156× ρ is growth factor of influence, zero dimension；H is milpa height, and unit is cm；LAI is leaf-area coefficient, zero dimension；ρ is plant spacing, and unit is ten thousand strains/hectare；m1Nitrogen fertilizer amount during for sowing, unit is kg/ha.
By h=260cm, LAI=3.2, ρ=90,000 strains/hectare, m2=89.5 kg/ha bring formula (1) into, obtain nitrogen fertilizer amount m3=130.5 kg/ha.
Wherein, Semen Maydis is sprayed nutrient and secondary topdresses, not only extend the function time of plant middle and upper part blade, and effectively prevent the stem and leaf senilism caused because later stage Semen Maydis is de-fertile, improve the Photo distribution in population in source, add the dry-matter accumulation of colony, it is ensured that the supply to storehouse.But simple spray nutrient and secondary topdresses and density can not be completely eliminated increases caused yield and decline.For this, Semen Maydis is sprayed chemical control agent, from the angle improving crop self anti-adversity ability, by regulating and controlling endogenous homones system, it is achieved that the dual regulation and control to Semen Maydis formalness feature and internal physiological metabolism, improves that Semen Maydis is resistant to lodging and anti-adversity ability.The utilization of this technology significantly reduces plant height, shortens panel length, increases stem stalk puncture strength；Improve chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic rate of blade, delay stem and leaf old and feeble；Improve the overall degree of colony, maintain the stability of colony.
6, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
6.1 Herba Cladoniae verticillatae mouth phases, twice trichogramma releases of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern). egg production peak time: first time release 10.5 ten thousand/hectare trichogrammas, after interval 5d～7d, discharge 12.0 ten thousand/hectare again.
6.2 Semen Maydis typhon mouth phases, mu 500 grams of muscardine mycopowder and 4000 grams of fine sands are puddled and are uniformly removed in Semen Maydis lobus cardiacus.
6.3 Semen Maydis typhon mouth phases sprayed insecticide: spray the complex preparation of 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt of 20% triazophos+1% in the Herba Cladoniae verticillatae mouth phase, it being simultaneously introduced antibacterial 78% 3 nitrogen. miaow is fresh. and 1000-1500 times of solution of ambam carries out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, wherein three nitrogen. and miaow is fresh. and ambam is the effective ingredient of beautiful gold antibacterial；Phase of weaving silk sprays again: sprays the complex preparation of 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt of 20% triazophos+1% with long-stalked crop spraying machine, is simultaneously introduced antibacterial 78% 3 nitrogen. and miaow is fresh. and 1000-1500 times of solution of ambam carries out prevention and elimination of disease and pests.
7 results:
When bract turns to be yellow, seed is hardening, and milk-line disappears, and time the intrinsic color and luster that black layer, seed present kind occurs in seed embryo back side base portion, begins to use duplicate rows cropper to gather in the crops.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect: 1, Semen Maydis per mu yield is increased to 1000 kilograms from 500 kilograms；2, adopt increasing source expansion storehouse group structure Oil reserve digging, nutrition continuous to mend increasing source health care technology, change that control is degeneration-resistant stablizes the Super-high-yielding key technologies such as yielding Populations technology, and carry out integrated with prior art, define and be suitable for the moistening district's Techniques for Super High-yielding Cultivation pattern that cools in Jilin Province.
Although embodiment of the present invention are disclosed as above, but it is not restricted in description and embodiment listed utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, it is easily achieved other amendment.Therefore, under the general concept limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited to specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (9)
1. a spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method, it is characterised in that including:
Step one, seed seed coat agent carry out Cotton seeds；
Step 2, at Suitable Sowing Period, with seeder adopt seed manure separate mode sow, thickness of earth covering is 2～4cm, thickness of sowing regulate to 8.7～9.2 ten thousand strains/hectare, wherein, nitrogen fertilizer amount m1It is 72～80kg/hm2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates be 70～80kg/hm2, Potassium Fertilizer be 85～90kg/hm2；
Starting thinning when step 3, corn growth are to 3～4 leaves, 8.5～8.9 ten thousand strains/hectare of keeping a full stand of seedings, five exhibition Ye Shizai carry out last final singling, 8.0～8.4 ten thousand strains/hectare of keeping a full stand of seedings；
Step 4,
Spraying nutrient in jointing stage early stage, spray chemical control agent, then carry out deep-topdressing when leaf opened up by Semen Maydis seven, nitrogen fertilizer amount is m2；Semen Maydis eight is opened up Ye Shizai and is sprayed chemical control agent；The Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase sprays nutrient again；After date of weaving silk carries out deep-topdressing again, and nitrogen fertilizer amount is m3, wherein, m2And m3Computing formula be:
m2=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m1
m3=0.122 × e0.001×h×(LAI)0.0156×ρ×m2
Wherein, h is milpa height；LAI is leaf-area coefficient；ρ is plant spacing；
Step 5,
Herba Cladoniae verticillatae mouth phase trichogramma releases, discharges 10-11 ten thousand/hectare trichogramma, and interval discharges 11～130,000/hectare trichogrammas again after 5～7 days；The Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase, uniformly remove in Semen Maydis lobus cardiacus with the material of puddling that muscardine mycopowder and fine sand mass ratio are 1:8-8.3, spray triazophos and the complex preparation of 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt again, be simultaneously introduced antibacterial three nitrogen miaow 1000-1500 times of solution of fresh ambam and carry out preventing and treating disease pest；After date of weaving silk sprays again, and the complex preparation spraying triazophos and 800～1000 times of liquid of methylamino acid salt with long-stalked crop spraying machine is simultaneously introduced antibacterial three 1000-1500 times of solution prevention and elimination of disease and pests of nitrogen miaow fresh ambam；
Gather in the crops after step 6, Semen Maydis maturation.
2. spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that carrying out finely wholely before plantation, mu executes farm manure 2～4m3, deep placement base fertilizer after stubble-cleaning, wherein, per hectare nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer respectively 72～80,70～80,85～90kg, base fertilizer is applied under ridge 7～9 centimeters.
3. spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that the seed coat agent in described step one is no-pollution multifunctional seed coat agent, containing carbosulfan, olefin conversion, Triadimenol and Tebuconazole.
4. spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that distance >=3cm that in described step one, seed manure separates.
5. spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that spray chemical control agent jade many 10～470ml/hm during seven exhibition leaves in described step 42, during eight exhibition leaves, spray the many 10～470ml/hm of chemical control agent jade2。
6. spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that spray chemical control agent ton field treasured 430～470ml/hm during seven exhibition leaves in described step 42, during eight exhibition leaves, spray chemical control agent ton field treasured 430-470ml/hm2。
7. the spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that described step 4 nutrient is content be 85% 1000～1500 times of solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, content is 54.6% hundred 750～1500 times of solution of bright fruit.
8. the spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that in described step 4, nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses embedded depth >=5cm, and carries out fertilizer covering.
9. the spring maize Super-high-yielding Cultivation method as according to any one of claim 1-6, it is characterised in that described seed variety adopts first jade 335.
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| CN109169070A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-11 | 庄绪刚 | A kind of chemical control technique of corn upgrading and volume increase |
| CN111096203A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-05-05 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Spring corn super-high-yield nutrient efficient planting method |
| CN111543274A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-18 | 邵阳市农业科学研究院 | Corn and soybean relay intercropping whole-process mechanized production method |
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