CN105762434A - Power supply system with self-heating function and vehicle - Google Patents

Power supply system with self-heating function and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105762434A
CN105762434A CN201610323493.1A CN201610323493A CN105762434A CN 105762434 A CN105762434 A CN 105762434A CN 201610323493 A CN201610323493 A CN 201610323493A CN 105762434 A CN105762434 A CN 105762434A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
power
self
heating
storage device
electrical storage
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Granted
Application number
CN201610323493.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105762434B (en
Inventor
孙逢春
李军求
张承宁
董玉刚
金鑫
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • H02P29/62—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive for raising the temperature of the motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/1552—Boost converters exploiting the leakage inductance of a transformer or of an alternator as boost inductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
    • H02P2209/01—Motors with neutral point connected to the power supply
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply system with a self-heating function. An alternative-current self-heating loop consists of a first electrical storage device, a second electrical storage device, a power electronic switch, a motor controller and a motor, wherein a motor neutral point is electrically connected with an equipotential point between the first electrical storage device and the second electrical storage device through the power electronic switch; the power electronic switch is connected between the motor neutral point and the equipotential point in series. A power supply system device which is efficient and reliable, needs no external power supply device and has the self-heating function can be achieved, and moreover power supplied in the self-heating operation process is completely provided by a vehicle power supply system. The invention further relates to a vehicle.

Description

A kind of power-supply system with self heating function and vehicle
Technical field
The present invention relates to one and there is self-heating apparatus power-supply system, particularly a kind of electrical storage device based on alternating current with self-heating apparatus.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is more sensitive to low temperature, under low temperature, the internal resistance of lithium ion battery sharply raises, can discharge capacity, charge-discharge performance significantly limited, cause that electric automobile power performance at low ambient temperatures is not enough, continual mileage significantly shortens, and it almost cannot be charged by battery when lower than 0 DEG C, if charging by force, easily cause internal short-circuit, cause potential safety hazard.A lot of low temperature based on lithium ion battery is had to use the solution of problem at present.
Currently, main solution is to be heated to set of cells.Its Patent CN102074769A proposes to adopt circuit board charging modes that battery side is heated, set of cells is heated by the mode that patent CN103051026A is proposed by battery power discharge and external heating device works simultaneously, and patent CN201797350U proposes to adopt Resistant heating mode that hot blast is delivered to battery case at battery case air inlet and is internally heated.But there is heating power supply difficulty in such scheme, the defects such as the efficiency of heating surface is low and easily causes battery temperature uneven, limited spatially particularly in electric automobile, extra electric supply installation not only can increase taking up room of whole set of cells, affect the layout of car load, also add the potential potential safety hazard of high-voltage electric device.
If the temperature that Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication 2003-272712 proposes secondary cell becomes below set point of temperature, then by electromotor to electromotor drive or travel in regenerative braking to secondary cell charge, it is repeatedly performed the discharge and recharge of secondary cell, the temperature making secondary cell rises, thereby, it is possible to suppress can the reduction of electric power of input and output.But, in the device described in above-mentioned patent documentation 1, in order to secondary cell is charged, need the regenerative braking in travelling or the electromotor driving to electromotor all the time.In other words, in parking, in order to make the temperature of secondary cell rise, it is necessary to drive electromotor.
Therefore the present invention is for overcoming above-mentioned technological deficiency, it is proposed to a kind of efficiently, reliable and without increasing the power system unit with self heating function of extra electric supply installation and possessing the vehicle of this power-supply system.On original electrokinetic cell basis, it is not necessary to increase the device such as inductance or power switch pipe, it is only necessary to increase power electronic switching and can realize the self-heating under electrokinetic cell low temperature environment, and the power supply in self-heating work process all derives from power supply on vehicle system.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
According to the present invention, the power-supply system with self heating function includes: the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device of series connection；Give and accept between the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device and motor the electric lines of force of electric power and electric machine controller；Described electric machine controller has three groups of brachium pontis, associates with in three windings of motor respectively, and arbitrary group of brachium pontis comprises power switch pipe and lower power switch pipe；Self-heating controls system；Described generator neutral point is electrically connected by the equipotentiality point between described power electronic switching and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device；Power electronic switching, is connected between described generator neutral point and described equipotentiality point；The motor winding that power electronic switching, any one group of brachium pontis of described electric machine controller associate with described brachium pontis, and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device composition alternating current self-heating loop.The upper power switch pipe of described any one group of brachium pontis and lower power switch pipe alternation.
Additionally, according to the present invention, power-supply system possesses: the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device of series connection；Give and accept between the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device and motor the electric lines of force of electric power and electric machine controller；Described electric machine controller has three groups of brachium pontis, and arbitrary group of brachium pontis comprises power switch pipe and lower power switch pipe；Self-heating controls system；Described generator neutral point is electrically connected by the equipotentiality point between described power electronic switching and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device.Power electronic switching, is connected between described generator neutral point and described equipotentiality point；It is arranged between above-mentioned 1st electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, between above-mentioned 1st electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, carries out the upper power switch pipe of arbitrary brachium pontis of the described electric machine controller of voltage conversion；It is arranged between above-mentioned 2nd electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, between above-mentioned 2nd electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, carries out the lower power switch pipe of the above-mentioned brachium pontis of the described electric machine controller of voltage conversion；The upper and lower power switch pipe of described brachium pontis realizes giving and accepting electric power between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device.
Preferably, self-heating controls system and determines to carry out between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device via above-mentioned electric lines of force the energising direction of the electric power given and accepted, and the upper power switch pipe of any of the above-described group of brachium pontis and lower power switch is controlled as making the energising direction according to this decision give and accept between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device electric power.
Preferably, described self-heating control system determines described 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device self-heating AC current amplitude, frequency, and the start and stop of self-heating loop.
Preferably, above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device alternately supplies electric current to the inductance component of at least one motor being connected electrically on the centre tap of above-mentioned brachium pontis.
Preferably, self-heating controls system and accepts the temperature of the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device, voltage and SOC information, it is achieved battery status synthetical collection.
Preferably, the above-mentioned 1st is identical with the capacity of the 2nd electrical storage device, cell serial number and/or quantity in parallel.
Preferably, the power switch pipe alternation up and down of electric machine controller any one group of brachium pontis of power switch pipe, three groups of brachium pontis alternations of electric machine controller, it is achieved the inductance often organizing motor is involved in work.
Preferably, self-heating control system determines above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device self-heating alternating current amplitude and frequency.
Additionally, according to the present invention, vehicle possesses: above-mentioned arbitrary power-supply system.
According to the invention it is thus possible to actively and promptly make the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device heat up.And increase only function rate self-heating switch block relative to the power-supply system without self-heating apparatus, there is cost low, the advantage that efficiency is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the involved vehicle of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a)-(c) is the internal self-heating equivalent schematic diagram of Vehicular dynamic battery group；
Fig. 3 (a)-(b) is the internal self-heating charging and discharging currents schematic diagram of Vehicular dynamic battery group；
Fig. 4 (a)-(c) is set of cells AC impedance real part change curve under different frequency and different temperatures；
Fig. 5 is the internal self-heating control flow chart of Vehicular dynamic battery group；
Fig. 6 is the implementation result experimental data one of the present invention；
The implementation result experimental data two that Fig. 7 (a)-(b) is the present invention；
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the vehicle that the present invention relates to.With reference to Fig. 1, this vehicle 100 possesses: power-supply system 1,19 and driving force generating unit.Driving force generating unit includes electric machine controller 7, motor 9, motor is to the Poewr transmission mechanism 32 between wheel 34 and drives axle 33.
Electric machine controller 7 is connected in parallel in main positive bus-bar MPL and main negative busbar MNL.Additionally, the driving electric (direct current power) supplied from power-supply system 1,19 is transformed into alternating electromotive force by electric machine controller 7, export to motor 9.Additionally, motor 9 is generated electricity by electric machine controller 7, the alternating electromotive force produced is transformed into direct current power, exports to power-supply system 1,19 as regenerated electric power.Electric machine controller 7 includes control circuit (not shown) and inverter circuit as shown in Figure 2, inverter circuit includes the bridge circuit of the switch element of three-phase, the on-off of six switch element S1 to S6 is controlled by control circuit, DC power conversion power-supply system 1,19 supplied is three-phase alternating current, then, inverter circuit three phase electric machine 9 is driven.High-frequency PWM control preferably used by electric machine controller, it is also possible to low frequency switch controls.
Motor 9 receives the alternating electromotive force from inverter circuit supply, produces rotary driving force.Additionally, motor 9 also accepts from outside revolving force, carry out generating and produce alternating electromotive force.Such as, motor 9 is made up of the three-phase alternating current electric rotating machine possessing the rotor being embedded with permanent magnet.Additionally, motor 9 is connected with Poewr transmission mechanism 32, transmit rotary driving force via the driving axle 33 being connected with Poewr transmission mechanism 32 to wheel 34.
Power-supply system 1,19 is able to the DC source of charging, for instance, it is made up of the secondary cell such as Ni-MH battery, lithium ion battery.Additionally, power-supply system 1,19 is connected with electric machine controller 7 via main positive bus-bar MPL and main negative busbar MNL.Additionally, power-supply system 1,19 can also be constituted by double layer capacitor again, the specific embodiment of the invention illustrates for new energy vehicle electrokinetic cell, wherein the first power battery pack 1 and the second power battery pack 19 are connected, and the first power battery pack 1 is identical with the capacity of the second power battery pack 19, cell serial number and/or quantity in parallel.
Current sensor, the current value of detection power-supply system 1,19 input and output, control system 5 to self-heating and export its testing result；Voltage sensor, detection power-supply system 1,19 magnitude of voltage, control system 5 to self-heating and export its testing result；Temperature sensor, the temperature of the inside of detection power-supply system 1,19, control system 5 to self-heating and export its testing result；In addition, power-supply system 1,19 according to from the current value of current sensor, voltage sensor magnitude of voltage and from the temperature of temperature sensor, calculate the SOC quantity of state of power-supply system 1,19, this SOC quantity of state calculated, temperature, electric current are controlled system 5 to self-heating together with voltage and exports.It addition, the computational methods of quantity of state SOC, it is possible to use various known maneuvers；It can be battery management system that self-heating controls system 5, determines frequency and the amplitude of alternating current self-heating loop works mode and alternating current according to above-mentioned information, and how working method works and how to quit work after including whether startup, startup.
Fig. 1 illustrates that the power-supply system with electrokinetic cell, described electrokinetic cell are the first power battery pack 1 and the second power battery pack 19 is connected.In equivalent circuit diagram shown here, each in the first power battery pack 1 and the second power battery pack 19 is respectively provided with a desirable AC impedance real part 2,17.
Self-heating is controlled system 5 and is connected with first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19 by holding wire 3 and holding wire 18, transmits the quantity of state of SOC, temperature, electric current and voltage by holding wire.Self-heating is controlled system 5 and is connected with power electronic switching 15 by holding wire 14, controls power electronic switching Guan Bi or disconnects.Self-heating controls system 5 and also communicates with electric machine controller 7, it is preferred that can pass through CAN and be connected with electric machine controller 7.
The power supply on vehicle system with self-heating apparatus based on alternating current that the present invention relates to, controls system 5, electric machine controller 7, motor 9, power electronic switching 15 including first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19, self-heating.According to General Physics knowledge, the first power battery pack 1 has first AC impedance real part the 2, second power battery pack 19 and has the second AC impedance real part 17, and each item in 9 three windings of motor all has inductance.
Motor 9 is connected with electric machine controller 7 by first high-voltage line the 8, second high-voltage line the 11, the 3rd high-voltage line 12, generator neutral point is connected with the equipotentiality central point of the first power battery pack 1 and the second power battery pack 19 by high-voltage line 10, and described power electronic switching 15 is connected between motor 9 and described equipotentiality central point by high-voltage line 10.
Electric machine controller 7 inverter circuit is such as shown in Fig. 2 (a), the brachium pontis of power switch pipe therein includes three groups of brachium pontis, i.e. the first brachium pontis, second brachium pontis and the 3rd brachium pontis, wherein the first brachium pontis includes power switch pipe 1 (the upper power switch pipe also referred to as the first brachium pontis) and power switch pipe 4 27 (the lower power switch pipe also referred to as the first brachium pontis), second brachium pontis includes power switch pipe 2 29 (the upper power switch pipe also referred to as the second brachium pontis) and power switch pipe 5 26 (the lower power switch pipe also referred to as the second brachium pontis), 3rd brachium pontis includes power switch pipe 3 20 (the upper power switch pipe also referred to as the 3rd brachium pontis) and power switch pipe 6 25 (the lower power switch pipe also referred to as the 3rd brachium pontis).Alternating current self-heating loop operationally selects any one group of brachium pontis in above-mentioned three groups of brachium pontis to be connected in series into self-heating loop by the control circuit in control electric machine controller 7.
Motor winding has inductive load, and inductive load can be equivalent to connecting of resistance and inductance.In the equivalent circuit diagram illustrated in this Fig. 2 (a), three terminals of motor 9 are include inductance 1, inductance 2 24 and inductance 3 23 to the inductance between neutral point respectively, any one phase winding in the operationally optional motor 9 of alternating current self-heating loop.Motor is preferentially three phase alternating current motor.
Power electronic switching 15 is controlled system 5 by self-heating and controls, and only under parking low temperature environment, electrokinetic cell needs just to close during self-heating, other time all disconnect.
The alternating current self-heating loop of the present invention is made up of first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19, power electronic switching 15, electric machine controller 7, motor 9.
Alternating current self-heating loop operationally selects any one group in above-mentioned three groups of brachium pontis by the control circuit in electric machine controller, corresponding with this, the alternating current self-heating loop choice motor winding corresponding with this brachium pontis；When control circuit in electric machine controller selects the first brachium pontis, the first or second electrokinetic cell, power electronic switching the 15, first brachium pontis and inductance 1 are combined into alternating current self-heating loop；When control circuit in electric machine controller selects the second brachium pontis, the first or second electrokinetic cell, power electronic switching the 15, second brachium pontis and inductance 2 24 are combined into alternating current self-heating loop；When control circuit in electric machine controller selects three brachium pontis, the first or second electrokinetic cell, power electronic switching the 15, the 3rd brachium pontis and inductance 3 23 are combined into alternating current self-heating loop.
Visible more specifically, alternating current self-heating loop by the second AC impedance real part 17 of first AC impedance real part the 2, second power battery pack 19 of the first power battery pack 1, power electronic switching 15,7 any one groups of brachium pontis of electric machine controller, motor 9 the inductance of a phase winding corresponding with described brachium pontis constitute.
Fig. 2 (b) illustrates the self-heating loop comprising the first brachium pontis and inductance 1 combination alternating current.Power switch pipe one to power switch pipe six has and only has power switch pipe 1 (the upper power switch pipe also referred to as the first brachium pontis) when turning on, loop one works, and the first AC impedance real part 2 of the first power battery pack 1, power switch pipe 1, inductance 1 and power electronic switching 15 are composed in series loop one；Power switch pipe one to power switch pipe six has and only has power switch pipe 4 27 (the lower power switch pipe also referred to as the first brachium pontis) when turning on, loop two works, the second AC impedance real part 17 of the second power battery pack 19, power switch pipe 4 27, inductance 1 and power electronic switching 15 are composed in series loop two.
Power switch pipe one and four alternation of the first brachium pontis, namely break-make is replaced, realize loop one and two alternate communication, giving and accepting between first and second power battery pack electric power, self-heating controls system by controlling the energising direction of the electric power that the break-make of power electronic switching pipe determines to carry out between above-mentioned first and second power battery pack to give and accept.
Above-mentioned power switch pipe one and power switch pipe four are controlled for making the energising direction according to this decision give and accept between above-mentioned first and second power battery pack electric power.
Self-heating work process is: self-heating controls system 5 according to information such as temperature, voltage and SOC in first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19, it is judged that now the need of carrying out self-heating.Example: detect that battery temperature is lower than normal working temperature scope, starts alternating current self-heating loop when self-heating controls system 5.
When self-heating control system 5 judges whether to carry out self-heating, self-heating controls system 5 and passes through bus communication, it is preferable that CAN sends instructions under electric machine controller, makes power electronic switching 15 close, and makes alternating current self-heating loop connect.Instruction includes ac frequency and amplitude.The upper and lower bridge arm alternation of any one group of brachium pontis in electric machine controller power switch pipe, and upper and lower bridge arm job control preferably employ high-frequency PWM control by self-heating loop produce sinusoidal ac, it is also possible to be low frequency switch control produce exchange triangular wave.
As shown in Fig. 2 (c), in time t1, self-heating controls system and issues a command to electric machine controller 75 times, first makes power switch pipe 1 close, and now loop one is connected, and in closing time t1, the first power battery pack 1 gives inductance 1 charging.
In time t2, self-heating controls system and issues a command to electric machine controller 75 times, makes power switch pipe 1 disconnect, and power switch pipe 4 27 closes, and now loop two is connected.Owing to inductance 1 stores the electric energy having the first power battery pack 1 to discharge within the t1 time, in time t2, inductance 1 charges to the second power battery pack 19, until the electric energy that inductance 1 stores all discharges.
In time t3, the second power battery pack 19 gives inductance 1 charging.
In time t4, self-heating controls system and issues a command to electric machine controller 75 times, power switch pipe 4 27 is made to disconnect, making power switch pipe 1 close, now loop two disconnects, and loop one is connected, owing to inductance 1 stores the electric energy having the second power battery pack 19 to discharge in time t3, in time t4, inductance 1 charges to the first power battery pack 1, until the electric energy that inductance 1 stores all discharges.
In whole self-heating process, the upper and lower power switch pipe alternation of described first brachium pontis, realize giving and accepting electric power between above-mentioned first and second power battery pack, first AC impedance real part 2 and the second AC impedance real part 17 produce heat and conduct heat rapidly at internal battery pack, the temperature making power battery pack raises, thus realizing power battery pack to produce heat under the effect of alternating current, it is heated from power internal battery pack.
Self-heating controls system 5 according to information such as temperature, voltage and SOC in first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19, it is determined that the power frequency in alternating current self-heating loop and amplitude, it is achieved electrokinetic cell self-heating efficient, reliable.
Self-heating apparatus is a working cycle carry out loop cycle according to t1, t2, t3, t4.Until self-heating controls system 5 according to information such as temperature, voltage and SoC in first power battery pack the 1, second power battery pack 19, it is judged that be no longer necessary to carry out self-heating, under send instructions and make alternating current self-heating loop disconnect, the stopping of self-heating process.
Second brachium pontis and self-heating loop corresponding to the 3rd brachium pontis are similar with above-mentioned first brachium pontis with work process.Self-heating controls system by controlling the energising direction of the electric power that power switch pipe determines to carry out between the first and second power battery pack to give and accept, by above-mentioned second or the 3rd brachium pontis upper power switch pipe and lower power switch pipe control to be given and accepted electric power in the energising direction according to this decision between above-mentioned first and second power battery pack.
In a working cycle, by the operating current of the first power battery pack 1 and the second power battery pack 19 as it is shown on figure 3, wherein Fig. 3 (b) be Fig. 3 (a) current diagram in high frequency, be high frequency more than 1kHz.
The heat generation rate formula of simple alternating current electro ultrafiltration is as follows:
Z in formulaReFor battery AC impedance value of real part, main relevant with the frequency of battery ambient temperature, alternating current effect, A is the current amplitude of alternating current.Above-mentioned formula shows that heat generation rate is directly proportional to AC impedance value of real part, and to square being directly proportional of AC current amplitude, the impact of AC current amplitude change is more than the impact of AC impedance value of real part change.
Fig. 4 (a) is AC impedance real part variation characteristic corresponding to set of cells a certain ambient temperature different frequency, it is seen that AC impedance value of real part reduces along with the increase of frequency；Fig. 4 (b) is the variation characteristic of AC impedance real part corresponding to set of cells different temperatures under a certain frequency, it is seen that AC impedance value of real part reduces along with temperature and increases.Fig. 4 (c) gives the electrokinetic cell temperature characteristic that set of cells takes different ac frequency, current amplitude under a certain low temperature environment.Illustrate that set of cells can obtain different heats at cryogenic conditions by change frequency, AC current amplitude.
Therefore based on the analysis of Fig. 4 (a) to Fig. 4 (c), exchange self-heating loop is preferably improved alternating current amplitude and adopts relatively low frequency quickly to heat, and then realizes electrokinetic cell and be rapidly heated.
Fig. 5 gives the control flow of the internal self-heating of the Vehicular dynamic battery group based on alternating current, concrete grammar is as follows: self-heating controls system according to information such as temperature, terminal voltage and SOC in Vehicular dynamic battery group, judge whether to need to carry out self-heating, and determine frequency and the amplitude of alternating current self-heating loop works electric current；
If carrying out self-heating, self-heating controls system closed power electrical switch 15, exchange self-heating loop is made to devote oneself to work, and issue AC current amplitude and frequency instruction to electric machine controller 7 by CAN, motor controller controls mode preferentially selects high-frequency PWM control, it is also possible to low frequency switch controls；
The frequency of alternating current self-heating loop works electric current and amplitude are with power battery pack terminal voltage, SOC and temperature for basis for estimation, when power battery pack SOC, terminal voltage are in allowed band, and alternating current amplitude preferential high as far as possible when battery temperature is relatively low and the alap frequency of employing quickly heat；Those skilled in the art determine the limit value of alternating current amplitude and frequency based on accumulator parameter, charge-discharge characteristic and instructions for use.
If power battery pack SOC is in allowed band, and terminal voltage exceeds the first allowed band, and execution maintenance alternating current amplitude is constant and improves ac frequency continuation heating, or execution reduction alternating current amplitude simultaneously continues heating with raising frequency.
If set of cells terminal voltage is further beyond the second allowed band, described second allowed band includes the first allowed band, or set of cells SOC is beyond its allowed band, or battery pack temperature reaches to heat desired temperature, then self-heating controls system disconnection power electronic switching 15, stops heating.
Fig. 6 gives the method for work adopting the present invention, and Vehicular dynamic battery group is temperature rise change under self-heating effect under the alternating current effect of certain frequency and amplitude, and set of cells was through 15 minutes as seen from the figure, and temperature is increased to 0 DEG C from-40 DEG C, and heats is good.
Fig. 7 (a) gives set of cells 1C flash-over characteristic under-20 DEG C of ambient temperatures, and relative to when not heating after AC electric-heating 15min, battery power discharge power ascension 20%, discharge capacity improve 45%；Fig. 7 (b) gives set of cells 1C flash-over characteristic under-40 DEG C of ambient temperatures, when not heating, battery cannot discharge, 75% capacity can be released after AC electric-heating 20min, absolutely prove the low temperature discharge ability adopting above-mentioned alternating current self-heating method can effectively promote battery.
Again supplement, in the present invention, electric machine controller 7 power switch pipe is not limited to IGBT, or physics is independent of other power electronic devices of electric machine controller 7, power electronic switching 15 does not limit to and high voltage connector, in loop, any one phase winding of motor 9 can be independently of the inductance outside motor, ac power waveform is preferentially sinusoidal wave, it is possible to be triangular wave.

Claims (10)

1. there is a power-supply system for self heating function, including:
1st and the 2nd electrical storage device of series connection；
Give and accept between the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device and motor the electric lines of force of electric power and electric machine controller；Described electric machine controller has three groups of brachium pontis, associates with in three windings of motor respectively, and arbitrary group of brachium pontis comprises power switch pipe and lower power switch pipe；
Self-heating controls system；
It is characterized in that:
Described generator neutral point is electrically connected by the equipotentiality point between power electronic switching and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device；
Power electronic switching, is connected between described generator neutral point and described equipotentiality point；
One phase winding of the motor that described power electronic switching, any one group of brachium pontis of described electric machine controller associate with described brachium pontis, and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device composition alternating current self-heating loop；
The upper power switch pipe of described any one group of brachium pontis and lower power switch pipe alternation, it is achieved power-supply system self-heating.
2. there is a self-heating apparatus power-supply system, possess:
1st and the 2nd electrical storage device of series connection；
Give and accept between the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device and motor the electric lines of force of electric power and electric machine controller；Described electric machine controller has three groups of brachium pontis, associates with in three windings of motor respectively, and arbitrary group of brachium pontis comprises power switch pipe and lower power switch pipe；
Self-heating controls system；
It is characterized in that:
Described generator neutral point is electrically connected by the equipotentiality point between described power electronic switching and the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device；
Power electronic switching, is connected between described generator neutral point and described equipotentiality point；
It is arranged between above-mentioned 1st electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, between above-mentioned 1st electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, carries out the upper power switch pipe of arbitrary brachium pontis of the described electric machine controller of voltage conversion；
It is arranged between above-mentioned 2nd electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, between above-mentioned 2nd electrical storage device and above-mentioned electric lines of force, carries out the lower power switch pipe of the above-mentioned brachium pontis of the described electric machine controller of voltage conversion；
The upper and lower power switch pipe alternation of described brachium pontis, it is achieved electric power of giving and accepting between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device, it is achieved power-supply system self-heating.
3. the power-supply system as described in claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described self-heating controls system and determines to carry out between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device via above-mentioned electric lines of force the energising direction of the electric power given and accepted, the upper power switch pipe of any of the above-described group of brachium pontis and lower power switch pipe are controlled for making the energising direction according to this decision give and accept between above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device electric power.
4. power-supply system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described self-heating controls system and controls the AC current amplitude in described self-heating process, frequency and self-heating start and stop.
5. power-supply system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device alternately supplies electric current to the inductance component of at least one motor being connected electrically on the centre tap of above-mentioned brachium pontis.
6. power-supply system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: self-heating controls system and accepts the capacity of the 1st and the 2nd electrical storage device, temperature, voltage and SOC information.
7. power-supply system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the above-mentioned 1st is identical with the capacity of the 2nd electrical storage device, cell series connection and/or quantity in parallel.
8. the power-supply system as described in claim 1-2, any one of 4-7, it is characterised in that: the power switch pipe alternation up and down of any one group of brachium pontis of electric machine controller, three groups of brachium pontis alternations of electric machine controller.
9. the power-supply system as described in claim 1-2, any one of 4-7, it is characterised in that: self-heating controls system and determines above-mentioned self-heating alternating current amplitude and frequency.
10. a vehicle, it is characterised in that: possess the power-supply system according to any one in claim 1～9.
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