CN105759348A - Silica-based double-section type groove waveguide polarization rotator and polarization rotation method - Google Patents
Silica-based double-section type groove waveguide polarization rotator and polarization rotation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105759348A CN105759348A CN201610327983.9A CN201610327983A CN105759348A CN 105759348 A CN105759348 A CN 105759348A CN 201610327983 A CN201610327983 A CN 201610327983A CN 105759348 A CN105759348 A CN 105759348A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/105—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type having optical polarisation effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
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Abstract
The invention provides a silica-based double-section type groove waveguide polarization rotator and a polarization rotation method. The silica-based double-section type groove waveguide polarization rotator comprises a groove waveguide, a first stripe waveguide, a second stripe waveguide, a third stripe waveguide and a fourth stripe waveguide, wherein the stripe waveguides are equal in size, the first stripe waveguide and the second stripe waveguide form one group forming a first polarization rotation zone, the third stripe waveguide and the fourth stripe waveguide form one group forming a second polarization rotation zone, the first polarization rotation zone and the second polarization rotation zone are connected in sequence, the two stripe waveguides forming one group are separately arranged on the two sides of the groove waveguide, the first stripe waveguide and the third stripe waveguide are located on the same side of the groove waveguide, and the second stripe waveguide and the fourth stripe waveguide are located on the other side of the groove waveguide, the top face of the first stripe waveguide and the top face of the fourth stripe waveguide are flush with the top face of the groove waveguide, and the bottom face of the second stripe waveguide and the bottom face of the third stripe waveguide are flush with the bottom face of the groove waveguide. After an input light signal including any polarization state pass through the first polarization rotation zone and the second polarization rotation zone of the rotator, the output end can output another polarization-state light signal orthogonal with the input light signal, and accordingly a polarization rotation function is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated optics technique field, be specifically related to a kind of silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator and polarization spinning solution.
Background technology
Integreted phontonics circuit technology develops rapidly in recent years, it is based particularly on silicon-on-insulator (Silicon-on-insulator, SOI) material platform, is building ultra-compact, high-performance on sheet, low-power consumption, the optical integrated device of low cost and system aspects and is receiving the extensive concern of research worker.But the intrinsic high index-contrast characteristic of SOI material brings obvious structural birefringence effect inevitably to the design of device and system, producing strong polarization correlated, this will greatly limit the application of the large-scale commercial in optic communication on sheet of integreted phontonics loop.For this, on sheet, polarization diversity scheme is suggested to realize polarizing transparent transmission, and polarization beam apparatus and rotator are essential element therein.For polarization rotator, current research worker has been proposed for numerous device solution, including adopting asymmetrical directional coupler, asymmetric inclination waveguide, sub-wavelength slit, photon crystal structure and electric light/magneto-optic memory technique etc., in order to the vertical symmetry of change structure or material, and then realize the function that polarization state rotates.Present stage polarization rotator there is also some problems, particularly larger in size, polarization rotation efficiency relatively low and to technique make require more high, so needing the overall performance looking for new method to be effectively improved device, lay the foundation for realizing the high density unrelated transmission of polarization and the transmission of high speed palarization multiplexing on sheet.
Recently, the waveguiding structure groove waveguides of a kind of novelty is suggested, based on the structure that it is special, it is possible to obtain significant field enhancement effect and local Field distribution characteristic.Nowadays, this waveguide has been used in multiple active and passive device, including: organic mixed light manipulator, directional coupler, micro-ring resonator, multi-mode interference coupler, beam splitter and sensor etc..In these devices, mainly make use of the field enhancement effect pattern of groove waveguides, to be effectively improved the sensitivity of device, coupling efficiency, bandwidth of operation etc..Consider that groove waveguides is also polarization sensitivity structure, it is polarization correlated even higher than common silica-based nanowire, so when utilizing groove waveguides to build integreted phontonics loop on sheet, polarization management is a key issue being badly in need of solving, in practice, we need to transfer another polarization mode of groove waveguides the pattern with an enhancement effect to, so that its advantage in functional device becomes apparent from.Accordingly, for groove waveguides, design and a kind of have that size is little, work strip is roomy, polarization rotation efficiency polarization rotator high, that insertion loss is low seems particularly significant.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: for solving above-mentioned technical problem, it is provided that the polarization rotator that a kind of size is little, work strip is roomy, polarization rotation efficiency is high, insertion loss is low, the present invention proposes a kind of silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator and polarization spinning solution.
Technical scheme: for realizing above-mentioned technique effect, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:
A kind of silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator, it includes groove waveguides and first equivalently-sized slab waveguide the 4, second slab waveguide 5, Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7；Described groove waveguides elongatedness direction is divided into input slot waveguide 1, transmission slot waveguide 2 and output magazine waveguide 3；Transmission slot waveguide 2 is divided into the two sections: first span line and the second span line along its length, wherein, first span line is respectively provided on two sides with the first slab waveguide 4 and the second slab waveguide 5 that position is relative, the end face of the first slab waveguide 4 and transmission slot waveguide 2 end face flush, the bottom surface of the second slab waveguide 5 and transmission slot waveguide 2 bottom surface flush；Second span line is respectively provided on two sides with the relative Article 3 shape waveguide 6 in position and Article 4 shape waveguide 7, the bottom surface of Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and transmission slot waveguide 2 bottom surface flush, the end face of Article 4 shape waveguide 7 and transmission slot waveguide 2 end face flush；First slab waveguide 4 and Article 3 shape waveguide 6 are positioned at the same side of transmission slot waveguide 2, the second slab waveguide 5 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7 and are positioned at the opposite side of transmission slot waveguide 2.
Further, described groove waveguides is made up of two parallel silica-based nanowires, forms microflute between two silica-based nanowires.
Further, the width of described silica-based nanowire is 200nm, and the width of mini longitudinal channels between two silica-based nanowires is 100nm～120nm, and the length of first to fourth slab waveguide is 3.0 μm～3.6 μm.
Further, also include substrate 8 and covering 9, described groove waveguides and first to fourth slab waveguide to be respectively provided with on the substrate 8 and be wrapped between substrate 8 and covering 9.
The present invention also proposes a kind of polarization spinning solution, and the method comprising the steps of:
A () builds the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of any one as described in Claims 1-4；First span line of transmission slot waveguide 2, the first slab waveguide 4 and the second slab waveguide 5 constitute the first polarization Rotary District；Second span line of transmission slot waveguide 2, Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7 constitute the second polarization Rotary District；
B TM mode/transverse electric mode optical signal is inputted by () from input slot waveguide 1, sequentially pass through the first polarization Rotary District and the second polarization Rotary District；Wherein, the first polarization Rotary District is by the optical axis direction dextrorotation gyration of input optical signalFormed and polarize rotating signal for the first time；Second polarization Rotary District is by first time polarization rotating signal rotated counterclockwise by angleForm optical axis direction and have rotated angle counterclockwise relative to the optical signal of initial inputSecond time polarization rotating signal exporting from output magazine waveguide 3；If being TM mode optical signal from the signal of input slot waveguide 1 input, then the signal of output magazine waveguide 3 output is transverse electric mode optical signal；If being transverse electric mode optical signal from the signal of input slot waveguide 1 input, then the signal of output magazine waveguide 3 output is TM mode optical signal.
Further, described in
Beneficial effect:
1, insertion loss is low, polarization rotation efficiency is high.The present invention adds two slab waveguides in the both sides of groove waveguides by mode one on the other, and is longitudinally introducing the waveguiding structure (in second segment, the position of two slab waveguides is just contrary with first paragraph) of two sections of cascades.Owing to the size of affiliated slab waveguide is little, it is served only for changing the direction of mould field optical axis and the length of waveguide short (single hop is only 3.0 μm～3.6 μm) so that the insertion loss of device is relatively low.In addition designed by the optimization of dual segment structure, it is possible to achieve input polarization, in the rotation of outfan 90 °, has the advantage that polarization rotation efficiency is high.
2, size is little, polarization Rotary District length is short.As it has been described above, the polarization Rotary District length of whole device is only 6.0 μm～7.2 μm, it is beneficial in the compact design and sheet that realize device and is densely integrated.
3, device manufacture is relatively easy.The characteristic size (minimum dimension) of device of the present invention is 100nm, i.e. width of mini longitudinal channels in the middle of groove waveguides, the size license of its completely compatible current CMOS technology line, and then can relatively easily and efficiently manufacture this device by ripe CMOS technology line.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of groove waveguides structure in embodiment；
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the first polarization Rotary District structure in embodiment；
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of the second polarization Rotary District structure in embodiment；
Fig. 5 is that in embodiment, polarization state light direction of principal axis is polarizing the variation diagram behind Rotary District through first；
Fig. 6 is that in embodiment, polarization state light direction of principal axis is polarizing the variation diagram behind Rotary District through second；
Fig. 7 is the variation relation figure of the polarization rotation efficiency of device in embodiment and insertion loss and operation wavelength.
In figure: 1, input slot waveguide, 2, transmission slot waveguide, 3, output magazine waveguide, the 4, first slab waveguide, the 5, second slab waveguide, 6, Article 3 shape waveguide, 7, Article 4 shape waveguide, 8, substrate, 9, covering.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention done and further explain.
Being the structure chart of a kind of silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of embodiment as shown in Figures 1 to 4, it includes the groove waveguides and first equivalently-sized slab waveguide the 4, second slab waveguide 5, Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and the Article 4 shape waveguide 7 that are made up of two silica-based nanowires；Described groove waveguides is divided into input slot waveguide 1, transmission slot waveguide 2 and output magazine waveguide 3 along its length；Transmission slot waveguide 2 is divided into the two sections: first span line and the second span line along its length, wherein, first span line is respectively provided on two sides with the first slab waveguide 4 and the second slab waveguide 5 that position is relative, the end face of the first slab waveguide 4 and transmission slot waveguide 2 end face flush, the bottom surface of the second slab waveguide 5 and transmission slot waveguide 2 bottom surface flush；Second span line is respectively provided on two sides with the relative Article 3 shape waveguide 6 in position and Article 4 shape waveguide 7, the bottom surface of Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and transmission slot waveguide 2 bottom surface flush, the end face of Article 4 shape waveguide 7 and transmission slot waveguide 2 end face flush；First slab waveguide 4 and Article 3 shape waveguide 6 are positioned at the same side of transmission slot waveguide 2, the second slab waveguide 5 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7 and are positioned at the opposite side of transmission slot waveguide 2.
In said structure, the first span line of transmission slot waveguide 2, the first slab waveguide 4 and the second slab waveguide 5 constitute the first polarization Rotary District；Second span line of transmission slot waveguide 2, Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7 constitute the second polarization Rotary District.The width of described silica-based nanowire is 200nm, and the width of mini longitudinal channels between two silica-based nanowires is 100nm～120nm, and the length of first to fourth slab waveguide is 3.0 μm～3.6 μm.
From the TM mode optical signal of input slot waveguide 1 input, after polarizing Rotary District and the second polarization Rotary District through first, export the optical signal of transverse electric mode at output magazine waveguide 3 outfan；Based on the integrally-built centre-symmetric properties of device, from the transverse electric mode optical signal of input slot waveguide 1 input, after first and second polarize Rotary District, the optical signal of TM mode can be exported at output magazine waveguide 3 outfan.
Concrete, optical signal transmission feature in the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of said structure is as follows: takeThe incident optical signal comprising TM mode (TM) enters from input slot waveguide 1, subsequently enter the first polarization Rotary District of transmission slot waveguide 2, because of the joint effect being subject in this Rotary District the first slab waveguide 4 and the second slab waveguide 5, the polarization state light direction of principal axis of the TM mould optical signal of input changes, after first polarizes Rotary District, corresponding polarization state light direction of principal axis changes 45 °.Next, optical signal enters the second polarization Rotary District, the position of the slab waveguide additional in this region polarizes the just contrary of Rotary District with first, i.e. Article 3 shape waveguide 6 and Article 4 shape waveguide 7, because of the impact by structure vertical and horizontal asymmetrical, the pattern of optical signal will rotate further, and exports from output magazine waveguide 3.So the po-larization rotational angular of 90 ° can be obtained at outfan, corresponding to the output optical signal of transverse electric mode (TE), it is achieved thereby that the function that polarization rotates.The simple in construction of this rotator, its principle can be analyzed by the axial change of simple polarization state light, and as shown in Figure 5,6, wherein the mode light direction of principal axis of the first/bis-polarization Rotary District with the angle of horizontal is(by optimizing the size of groove waveguides both sides slab waveguide, and then the direction of polarization Rotary District pattern optical axis can be changed, to realize required angle valueWherein the calculating of pattern adopts numerical model solver).The TM mould optical signal of input is after first polarizes Rotary District, and the angle of polarization turns clockwiseThen behind the second Rotary District, owing to the optical axis direction of eigen mode there occurs change (counter-rotating), cause that the angle of polarization have rotated counterclockwiseOnly have rotated relative to initial TM mouldPolarization state to realize 90 ° rotates, namelyThenThis is also the target (making the optical axis of polarization Rotary District eigen mode is 22.5 ° with the angle in horizontally or vertically direction) that polarization Rotary District two slab waveguide is dimensionally-optimised.Compared with traditional unistage type polarization rotator, the present invention is by introducing two section type polarization coupled plot structure, the light patterns comprising the random polarization anglec of rotation (between 0～90 °) can be exported in theory at outfan, can be used for optical wave plate in matrix compact to design.Consider practical situation, for groove waveguides, in the present embodiment, we are output TE mould optical signal only, corresponding to realizing the po-larization rotational angular of 90 °, this device has less insertion loss and higher polarization rotation efficiency in addition, can be applicable to the Polarization Control of compact groove waveguides device on sheet.
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of groove waveguides in the present embodiment, two silica-based nanowires (width is about 200nm) forming groove waveguides are separated by middle microflute, the width of microflute is 100nm～120nm, boundary relation based on electric field, will there is significant enhancement effect in this microflute in mould field, corresponding to the field enhancement mode of groove waveguides, the namely output mode of the polarization rotator designed by the present invention.Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of the first polarization Rotary District waveguide, and first, second slab waveguide lays respectively at the both sides of two silica-based nanowires constituting groove waveguides, arranges by mode one on the other.By two slab waveguides on the basis of groove waveguides, it is possible to break the symmetry of prototype structure, by optimizing the size of design slab waveguide further, can obtain, at outfan, the polarization state pattern that required optic angle is corresponding.Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of the second polarization Rotary District waveguide, it is similar that its structure polarizes Rotary District with first, difference is only that the arrangement mode of both sides slab waveguide there occurs and turns upside down, change the optical axis direction (as shown in Figure 5,6) of its eigen mode with this, and then change the polarization state light direction of principal axis of transmission optical signal.
Fig. 7 is the variation relation of the polarization rotation efficiency of silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator, insertion loss and operation wavelength in the present embodiment.It can be seen that the bandwidth of operation of this device is relatively big, when operation wavelength is positioned at 1.45 μm～1.64 μm, polarization rotation efficiency is consistently greater than 90%, and particularly at 1.55 μm of places, polarization rotation efficiency is especially higher than 97.5%.Meanwhile, insertion loss is respectively less than 0.4dB in calculating wave-length coverage, shows good spectral characteristic.Owing to silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator is centrosymmetric structure, for inputting the optical signal of TE mould, after polarizing Rotary District through first and second, it also is able to the optical signal of output TM mould at outfan.Additionally, add active control structure by polarizing Rotary District first or second, it is possible to suitable adjustment po-larization rotational angular, and then the photomodulator based on polarization state or photoswitch can be obtained at outfan.Finally, two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator scheme provided by the present invention, it is also possible to be used for designing the polarization rotator of other type of wave guide structure (such as silica-based nanowire, mixing plasma waveguide, photon crystal wave-guide etc.).
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator, it is characterised in that include groove waveguides and equivalently-sized first to fourth slab waveguide (4,5,6,7)；Described groove waveguides is divided into input slot waveguide (1), transmission slot waveguide (2) and output magazine waveguide (3) along its length；Transmission slot waveguide (2) is divided into the two sections: first span line and the second span line along its length, wherein, first span line is respectively provided on two sides with relative the first slab waveguide (4) in position and the second slab waveguide (5), the end face of the first slab waveguide (4) and transmission slot waveguide (2) end face flush, the bottom surface of the second slab waveguide (5) and transmission slot waveguide (2) bottom surface flush；Second span line is respectively provided on two sides with relative Article 3 shape waveguide (6) in position and Article 4 shape waveguide (7), the bottom surface of Article 3 shape waveguide (6) and transmission slot waveguide (2) bottom surface flush, the end face of Article 4 shape waveguide (7) and transmission slot waveguide (2) end face flush；First slab waveguide (4) and Article 3 shape waveguide (6) are positioned at the same side of transmission slot waveguide (2), the second slab waveguide (5) and Article 4 shape waveguide (7) and are positioned at the opposite side of transmission slot waveguide (2).
2. the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described groove waveguides is made up of two parallel silica-based nanowires, forms microflute between two silica-based nanowires.
3. the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of one according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the width of described silica-based nanowire is 200nm, width of mini longitudinal channels between two silica-based nanowires is 100nm～120nm, first to fourth slab waveguide (4,5,6,7) length is 3.0 μm～3.6 μm.
4. the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of one according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also include substrate (8) and covering (9), described groove waveguides and first to fourth slab waveguide (4,5,6,7) it is arranged at substrate (8) above and to be wrapped between substrate (8) and covering (9).
5. a polarization spinning solution, it is characterised in that include step:
A () builds the silica-based two section type groove waveguides polarization rotator of any one as described in Claims 1-4；First span line of transmission slot waveguide (2), the first slab waveguide (4) and the second slab waveguide (5) constitute the first polarization Rotary District；Second span line of transmission slot waveguide (2), Article 3 shape waveguide (6) and Article 4 shape waveguide (7) constitute the second polarization Rotary District；
B TM mode/transverse electric mode optical signal is inputted by () from input slot waveguide (1), sequentially pass through the first polarization Rotary District and the second polarization Rotary District；Wherein, the first polarization Rotary District is by the optical axis direction dextrorotation gyration of input optical signalFormed and polarize rotating signal for the first time；Second polarization Rotary District is by first time polarization rotating signal rotated counterclockwise by angleForm optical axis direction and have rotated angle counterclockwise relative to the optical signal of initial inputSecond time polarization rotating signal and from output magazine waveguide (3) export；If the signal inputted from input slot waveguide (1) is TM mode optical signal, then the signal that output magazine waveguide (3) exports is transverse electric mode optical signal；If the signal inputted from input slot waveguide (1) is transverse electric mode optical signal, then the signal that output magazine waveguide (3) exports is TM mode optical signal.
6. a kind of polarization spinning solution according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described in
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