CN105749865A - Preparation method and application of three-dimensional graphene/silver composite - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of three-dimensional graphene/silver composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN105749865A CN105749865A CN201610228966.XA CN201610228966A CN105749865A CN 105749865 A CN105749865 A CN 105749865A CN 201610228966 A CN201610228966 A CN 201610228966A CN 105749865 A CN105749865 A CN 105749865A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
- B01J20/0233—Compounds of Cu, Ag, Au
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/08—Nanoparticles or nanotubes
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional graphene/silver composite.The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing graphene oxide by modified Hummers process, and dispersing the graphene oxide in water to obtain graphene oxide suspension; adding glycine and silver nitrate into the graphene oxide suspension according to a mass ratio of the graphene oxide, the glycine and the sliver nitrate being 1:2:1, and preparing the three-dimensional graphene/silver composite by one-step hydrothermal process.The three-dimensional graphene/silver composite is useful in removing heavy metal mercury ions in a water body; the three-dimensional graphene/silver composite prepared herein has high ability to adsorb heavy metals in the water body, can remove heavy metals I the water body quickly and efficiently and is convenient to use and free of secondary pollution to the water body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy metal contaminants adsorbing material field, particularly relate to preparation method and the application of a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Background technology
Hydrargyrum has the features such as persistency, easy animal migration, high bioconcentration and high bio-toxicity, and therefore hydrargyrum is one of heavy metal element that water body toxic is the strongest.Hydrargyrum in water body is not easily degraded by microorganisms, but be finally enriched in human body with food chain with the form of methyl mercury, the cerebral tissue of human body, liver and kidney not only can be caused major injury by this, and cause serious chronic lesion can to the central nervous system of human body.
At present, the method that Heavy Metals in Waters is processed mainly has: ion exchange, chemical precipitation method, reducing process, solvent extraction electrolysis, microbial method, absorption method etc., owing to absorption method has the advantages such as inexpensive, efficient, disposable, therefore absorption method is very suitable for processing the heavy metal in water body.In the prior art, absorption method mainly uses activated carbon, zeolite or inorganic nano material as adsorbent, although these adsorbents can play certain removal effect, but remove not thoroughly, difficult separation and recycling, easily water body is caused secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, the invention provides the preparation method of a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material and application, heavy metal in water body is had stronger absorbability by this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, heavy metal in water body can be removed quickly and efficiently, and easy to use, water body will not be caused secondary pollution.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The preparation method of a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, comprises the following steps:
Step A, employing improve Hummers legal system and obtain graphene oxide, and be dispersed in water by described graphene oxide, thus preparing graphene oxide suspension；
Step B, according to graphene oxide: glycine: the mass ratio of silver nitrate=1:2:1, glycine and silver nitrate are joined in described graphene oxide suspension, and adopt one step hydro thermal method to prepare three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Preferably, glycine and silver nitrate are being joined after in described graphene oxide suspension, first stirring 30 minutes under dark conditions, then carrying out the hydrothermal treatment consists of 20 hours with 120 DEG C, reaction naturally cools to room temperature after terminating, thus preparing three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Preferably, described being dispersed in water by described graphene oxide includes: be poured into water by described graphene oxide, and carries out the ultrasonic disperse of 1 hour, thus preparing finely dispersed graphene oxide suspension.
A kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, adopts the preparation method of the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in technique scheme to be prepared from.
A kind of method removing Heavy Metals in Waters mercury ion, adopts the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in technique scheme, as adsorbent, water body is carried out adsorption treatment.
Preferably, the consumption of described three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is use 0.091 gram in every liter of water body.
Preferably, when carrying out adsorption treatment, the pH value controlling water body is 6, and the time of adsorption treatment is 24 hours.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, the preparation method of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material that the embodiment of the present invention provides obtains graphene oxide first with improving Hummers legal system, then adopts one step hydro thermal method to prepare three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material；This three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material has big specific surface area, and graphenic surface has a large amount of oxygen-containing functional group, and therefore Mercury in Water Body ion rapidly and efficiently can be adsorbed by this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material as adsorbent.Simultaneously as mercury ion can be reduced into hydrargyrum simple substance by the nano-Ag particles of graphenic surface, and generating arquerite further, therefore this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material will not produce secondary pollution as adsorbent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the technical scheme of the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required during embodiment is described is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise not paying creative work, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawings according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 adopts SU8020 scanning electron microscope that the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed and shot, thus the electron scanning micrograph obtained (FESEM image).
Fig. 2 adopts JEM2010 transmission electron microscope that the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed and shot, thus the transmission electron microscope picture obtained.
Fig. 3 adopts SU8020 scanning electron microscope that the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed and shot, thus what obtain can spectrogram.
Fig. 4 be the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 under different pH condition to Hg2+Removal effect schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 be three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 at different adsorption time points to Hg2+Removal effect schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is to different Hg2+The schematic diagram of the equilibrium adsorption capacity of strength solution.
Fig. 7 is three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material X-ray diffractogram before and after Adsorption of Mercury obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 8 is the x-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram before and after Adsorption of Mercury of the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on embodiments of the invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art obtain under not paying creative work premise, broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Preparation method and application to three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material provided by the present invention are described in detail below.
The preparation method of a kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, comprises the following steps:
Step A, employing improve Hummers legal system and obtain graphene oxide, and be dispersed in water by described graphene oxide, thus preparing graphene oxide suspension.
Wherein, described the improvement Hummers method recorded in the article " Preparationofgraphenebytherapidandmildthermalreductionof grapheneoxideinducedbymicrowaves " that Hummers method can adopt China Science & Technology University Chen Wu peak in 2009 to deliver is improved.Improve after Hummers legal system obtains graphene oxide adopting, described graphene oxide is poured into water, and carry out the ultrasonic disperse of 1 hour, thus can be prepared by finely dispersed graphene oxide suspension.
Step B, according to graphene oxide: glycine: the mass ratio of silver nitrate=1:2:1, glycine and silver nitrate are joined in described graphene oxide suspension, and adopt one step hydro thermal method to prepare three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Wherein, glycine and silver nitrate are being joined after in described graphene oxide suspension, first stir 30 minutes under dark conditions, then the hydrothermal treatment consists of 20 hours is carried out with 120 DEG C, reaction naturally cools to room temperature after terminating, carry out freezing and dried again, can be prepared by three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Specifically, this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material may be used for removing the metal mercury ions in water body, in actual applications, can adopt above-mentioned three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, as adsorbent, water body is carried out adsorption treatment, the consumption of this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is use 0.091 gram in every liter of water body, when carrying out adsorption treatment, the pH value controlling water body is 6, mercury ion rapidly and efficiently can be adsorbed by this adsorbent when pH value is 6, and reached equilibrium adsorption capacity at 60 minutes, after adsorption treatment 24 hours, maximum adsorption capacity can reach 243mg/g.
Further, the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the preparation method of the present invention has the advantage that 1. have big specific surface area；2. graphenic surface has a large amount of oxygen-containing functional group, is conducive to the absorption of heavy metal ion；3. mercury ion can be reduced into hydrargyrum simple substance by the nano-Ag particles of graphenic surface, and generates arquerite further, will not produce secondary pollution；4. three-dimensional aerogel structure separation and recovery is convenient.Therefore the heavy metal in water body is had stronger absorbability by three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material provided by the present invention, it is possible to the heavy metal in water body removed quickly and efficiently, and easy to use, cost is low, water body will not be caused secondary pollution.
In order to more clearly from show technical scheme provided by the present invention and produced technique effect, it is described in detail with the specific embodiment preparation method to three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material provided by the present invention and application below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, adopts following steps to be prepared from:
Step A ＇, employing improve Hummers legal system and obtain graphene oxide, then take this graphene oxide of 58mg and pour in 60mL deionized water, and carry out the ultrasonic disperse of 1 hour, thus preparing finely dispersed graphene oxide suspension.
Wherein, described improvement Hummers method can adopt following scheme: is poured into by 115mL concentrated sulphuric acid in 1L large beaker, and the temperature controlling ice-water bath is 0 DEG C, it is subsequently adding 3g graphite powder and 15g potassium permanganate, and carry out the magnetic agitation (reaction temperature can be gradually increasing in the process, need to control the temperature of ice-water bath below 20 DEG C) of 30 minutes；Then this system is placed in water-bath, reacts 2 hours at 35 DEG C；After question response terminates, it is slowly added to 250mL deionized water (controlling reaction temperature in the process less than 50 DEG C) and continues reaction 2 hours, being subsequently adding 0.6L deionized water and 12.5mL hydrogen peroxide, the liquid that now can find in described large beaker becomes glassy yellow；After being placed one day, outwell the supernatant on described large beaker top, then with the hydrochloric acid of the 10% of 1.25L the precipitation bottom described large beaker carried out sucking filtration cleaning, then with deionized water wash, until washing out liquid shows neutral, thus can be prepared by graphene oxide.
Step B ＇, 116mg glycine and 58mg silver nitrate are joined in described graphene oxide suspension, first stir 30 minutes under dark conditions, then this mixed solution is transferred in the reactor of 100ml, the hydrothermal treatment consists of 20 hours is carried out with 120 DEG C, reaction naturally cools to room temperature after terminating, carry out freezing and dried again, thus can be prepared by three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
Specifically, three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 being carried out performance detection, its concrete testing result is as follows:
(1) through measuring: obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1, the diameter of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is about 17cm, and it is highly about 20cm.
(2) adopt SU8020 scanning electron microscope that three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed, and shoot electron scanning micrograph as shown in Figure 1.As seen from Figure 1: this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is tridimensional network.
(3) adopt JEM2010 transmission electron microscope that three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed, and shoot transmission electron microscope picture as shown in Figure 2.As seen from Figure 2: in this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, the mean size of Argent grain is 4～5nm.
(4) adopt SU8020 scanning electron microscope that three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is observed, and shoot as shown in Figure 3 can spectrogram.As seen from Figure 3: the energy spectrogram of this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material have silver-colored peak to occur.
(5) Hg (NO is adopted3)2Solution preparation goes out the Hg of the 10ppm (ppm concentration refers to and accounts for, with Solute mass, the concentration that the part per million of complete soln quality represents) of 7 parts of 660ml2+Solution, and adopt 0.1MHCl and 0.1MNaOH by these 7 parts of Hg2+The pH value of solution is adjusted to 2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 respectively；Then to these 7 parts of Hg2+Solution is separately added into three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in 60mg, and adsorbs 24 hours at 25 DEG C, then take part supernatant respectively, and measure the Hg of these supernatant with inductive coupling plasma emission spectrograph (ICP)2+Concentration, its testing result is as indicated at 4.As seen from Figure 4: pH value is when 2～6 scope, along with the rising removal efficiency of pH value is stepped up；When pH value is relatively low, H+Concentration of a relatively high, it can with the avtive spot of heavy metal ion competitive Adsorption agent material, hydroxyl on sorbent material and carboxyl will protonate simultaneously, the positive charge being with on sorbent material after protonation can be mutually exclusive with heavy metal ion, so now the clearance of heavy metal ion is relatively low；Along with the rising of pH value, H+Concentration can weaken, its competition with heavy metal ion also can weaken therewith, thus the clearance of heavy metal ion also can increase, the hydroxyl on sorbent material and carboxyl will deprotonation formation-COO simultaneously-With-O-, this can increase the electrostatic attraction effect with heavy metal ion, thus the clearance of heavy metal ion also can improve therewith.PH value is when 6～8 scope, the removal efficiency of heavy metal ion is held essentially constant, consider that mercury ion will produce precipitation at a high ph, therefore when the heavy metal adopting three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 to remove in water body as adsorbent, it is desirable to the pH value controlling water body is 6.
(6) Hg (NO is adopted3)2Solution preparation goes out the Hg of the 150ppm of 1 part of 660ml2+Solution, and adopt 0.1MHCl and 0.1MNaOH by this Hg2+The pH value of solution is adjusted to 6；Then to this Hg2+Solution adds three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in 60mg, and is stirred at 25 DEG C, use manual time-keeping immediately simultaneously；From this mixed liquor, pipette part supernatant respectively when 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 50min, 60min, 80min, 100min and 120min, and measure the Hg of these supernatant with inductive coupling plasma emission spectrograph (ICP)2+Concentration, its testing result is as figure 5 illustrates.As seen from Figure 5: obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1, three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is to Hg2+Absorption meet pseudo-second order kinetic equation, this shows that this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is to Hg2+Absorption be a chemical process；Owing to this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material has tridimensional network, there is more active adsorption sites, therefore which increase the adsorption efficiency of heavy metal mercury ion；This three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is to Hg2+Absorption can reach equilibrium adsorption in 60min, it is shown that adsorption dynamics adsorption kinetics performance faster.
(7) Hg (NO is adopted3)2Solution makes the Hg of 1ppm, 3ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm, 30ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm and 150ppm respectively2+Each 1 part of solution；Take the Hg of every kind of concentration2+The each 660ml of solution, and adopt 0.1MHCl and 0.1MNaOH by this Hg2+The pH value of solution is adjusted to 6；Then to this Hg2+Solution adds three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in 60mg, and stands 24 hours at 25 DEG C, then take part supernatant respectively, and with the Hg of inductance coupled plasma optical emission these supernatant of spectrometer measurement2+Concentration, its testing result is as indicated with 6.As seen from Figure 6: obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1, three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is at Hg2+When concentration is relatively low, along with Hg2+The increase of concentration, is also continuously increased the adsorbance of Heavy Metals in Waters ion；At Hg2+Concentration is saturated more than progressivelying reach after 60ppm, and calculating this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material saturated extent of adsorption to mercury ion according to Langmuir Adsorption Model is 243mg/g.
(8) three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is detected, thus obtaining X-ray diffracting spectrum (XRD figure spectrum) as shown in Figure 7.Wherein, curve I is three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material X-ray diffractogram before Adsorption of Mercury, and curve II is three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material X-ray diffractogram after Adsorption of Mercury.As seen from Figure 7: this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material primary product after Adsorption of Mercury is arquerite.
(9) three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1 is detected, thus obtaining x-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram as shown in Figure 8.Wherein, curve I is three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material x-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram before Adsorption of Mercury, and curve II is three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material x-ray photoelectron energy spectrogram after Adsorption of Mercury.As seen from Figure 8: the peak of hydrargyrum occurs after Adsorption of Mercury in this three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
As fully visible, the heavy metal in water body is had stronger absorbability by three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material that the embodiment of the present invention is prepared, it is possible to the heavy metal in water body removed quickly and efficiently, and easy to use, water body will not be caused secondary pollution.
The above; being only the present invention preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step A, employing improve Hummers legal system and obtain graphene oxide, and be dispersed in water by described graphene oxide, thus preparing graphene oxide suspension；
Step B, according to graphene oxide: glycine: the mass ratio of silver nitrate=1:2:1, glycine and silver nitrate are joined in described graphene oxide suspension, and adopt one step hydro thermal method to prepare three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, glycine and silver nitrate are being joined after in described graphene oxide suspension, first stir 30 minutes under dark conditions, then the hydrothermal treatment consists of 20 hours is carried out with 120 DEG C, reaction naturally cools to room temperature after terminating, thus preparing three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described being dispersed in water by described graphene oxide includes: be poured into water by described graphene oxide, and carries out the ultrasonic disperse of 1 hour, thus preparing finely dispersed graphene oxide suspension.
4. three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material, it is characterised in that adopt the preparation method of the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 to be prepared from.
5. the method removing Heavy Metals in Waters mercury ion, it is characterised in that adopt the three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material described in claim 4, as adsorbent, water body is carried out adsorption treatment.
6. the method for removal Heavy Metals in Waters mercury ion according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the consumption of described three-dimensional grapheme/silver composite material is use 0.091 gram in every liter of water body.
7. the method for removal Heavy Metals in Waters mercury ion according to claim 5, it is characterised in that when carrying out adsorption treatment, the pH value controlling water body is 6, and the time of adsorption treatment is 24 hours.
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