CN105736272A - Variable cross-section channel structure of low-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster - Google Patents
Variable cross-section channel structure of low-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster Download PDFInfo
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- CN105736272A CN105736272A CN201610153168.5A CN201610153168A CN105736272A CN 105736272 A CN105736272 A CN 105736272A CN 201610153168 A CN201610153168 A CN 201610153168A CN 105736272 A CN105736272 A CN 105736272A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
- F03H1/0081—Electromagnetic plasma thrusters
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Abstract
The invention relates to a variable cross-section channel structure of a low-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster, and relates to the field of cusped magnetic field plasma thrusters. The variable cross-section channel structure aims at solving the problems that under the condition that an existing cusped magnetic field plasma thruster is at low power, when the through-flow density is lower, ionization is insufficient, and consequently the performance is reduced; and when the through-flow density is higher, the effect between a plasma and a wall face is intensified, and consequently the performance is reduced as well. A channel is constructed through a ceramic channel and a permanent magnet, the ceramic channel is of an integrated piece structure and is divided into two sections including a channel upstream part and a channel downstream part, and the channel structure is gradually expanded from the channel upstream part to the channel downstream part; and the outer wall face of the ceramic channel is used for being in clearance fit with the inner wall face of the permanent magnet. By means of the structure, the atomic density and the ionization rate of an upstream ionization zone are improved, meanwhile, the effect between ions generated by ionization and the wall face of the channel is reduced in the accelerated spraying-out process, and the service life of the thruster is prolonged. The variable cross-section channel structure is used for the cusped magnetic field plasma thruster under the low-power condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the variable section channel structure of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster.Belong to plasma thruster field, cusped magnetic field.
Background technology
Electric propulsion with it than leaping high, the life-span is long, compact conformation, volume are little and pollutes the advantage such as light and is subject to space flight circle favor gradually, is the promoting mainly into all playing an important role of the control to terrestrial space spacecraft or survey of deep space and interplanetary flight.Cusped magnetic field plasma thruster is that the class Novel electric that the current world emerges advances concept, it is different from conventional Hall thruster, cusped magnetic field plasma thruster forms cusped magnetic field by multiple permanent magnet ferrum, two wherein adjacent permanent magnet opposite polarity, ceramic discharge passage upstream places anode, hollow cathode is placed in outlet, working medium ionizes via the electron collision discharged with negative electrode after the gas distributor entrance passage of upstream, the ion produced after ionization accelerates ejection under axial electric field effect and forms thrust, electronics then eventually arrives at anode by collision conduction.This design feature make cusped magnetic field thruster have simple in construction, thrust range wide, than the advantage such as leaping high and the life-span is long, thus obtaining the attention of more and more research institution both at home and abroad.
Along with developing rapidly of Small Satellite Technology, various moonlet puopulsion equipments also emerge in an endless stream.Experiment and theory all have proven to, cusped magnetic field thruster can realize thrust from micro-cattle to the step-less adjustment of cattle, this makes it have very big using value in moonlet propelling field, such as microgravity compensation, atmospheric drag compensation, attitude regulation etc., this just requires that cusped magnetic field thruster is capable of the real-time change of thrust under small-power, it is regulate anode gas flow rate that cusped magnetic field thruster regulates a kind of effective measures of thrust, but, when working medium flow changes, the change of current density makes the change of thruster performance also comparatively notable.Under low discharge and low current density, being unsatisfactory for being adequately ionized criterion, passage internal ionization is insufficient, and thruster performance is relatively low；And under big flow, high throughflow density, the Degree of interaction of plasma and wall aggravates, and causes the decline of performance equally.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing cusped magnetic field plasma thruster under small-power operating mode, ionizes deficiency and cause hydraulic performance decline when current density is relatively low, and the problem that when current density is higher, plasma aggravates to again result in hydraulic performance decline with wall action.The variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster is now provided.
A kind of variable section channel structure of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster, this passage is built by pottery passage and permanent magnet,
Described pottery passage is integrated part structure, is divided into passage upstream part and passages downstream part two sections,
This one piece configuration is from passage upstream part to the channel design of passages downstream part flaring, and the outside wall surface of this pottery passage is used for realizing matched in clearance with permanent magnet internal face,
It is 0 ° to 20 ° that passage upstream part expands angle range, and it is 10 ° to 30 ° that passages downstream part expands angle range.
The invention have the benefit that and the channel design built by pottery passage and permanent magnet is all carried out variable cross-section design, pottery passage is made to match with magnetic field configuration, wherein, between pottery channel outer wall face and permanent magnet internal face, gap remains at about 0.5mm, to ensure the Magnetic Mirror Effect operative constraint to electronics, the existence in gap simultaneously can reduce the heat transfer coefficient between channel wall and permanent magnet, it is to avoid high-temperature ceramics passage is conducted heat to permanent magnet by heat exchange pattern.Pottery passage all adopts flaring pattern with magnetic field, and namely ceramic cross-sectional area is from upstream to downstream and is gradually increased.Wherein, it is less that passage upstream part expands angle, and passages downstream part expansion angle is bigger.Magnetic field configuration and pottery channel design that permanent magnet is formed be: first, at magnetic field configuration design aspect, is made up of three grades of shirt cobalt 2:17 permanent magnets, the most high-temperature resistant 350 degrees Celsius of this kind of permanent magnet, it is possible to does not have temperature when ensureing thruster work too high and demagnetize.Permanent magnet axial charging, between any two opposite polarity, export-grade permanent magnet length is the longest, and the three grades of permanent magnet length ratio being referred to are 16:16:56.Being designed by this magnetic field configuration, it is possible to make channel outlet magnetic separating surface and passage axis near normal, theoretical according to transconversion into heat electromotive force, this can reduce the plume angle of divergence.Being designed by the variable cross-section of this flaring, it is possible to reasonable distribution magnetic field intensity, magnetic field, upstream can increase more by force ionization rate, and retrain plasma and do not contact with wall, and the more weak ignition voltage that can reduce of channel outlet and magnetic field, plume district reduces the plume angle of divergence.Secondly, at pottery passage design aspect, the axial length of passage upstream little expansion angle part is identical with the upstream two-stage total length of permanent magnet, ensure that upstream ionization space long enough, the big expansion angle part of passages downstream is corresponding to the one-level of permanent magnet outlet, so the different separating surface second the magnetic tip location corresponding to magnetic field configuration expanding angle part of passage two, intersecting of vias inner walls face and the magnetic line of force so can be reduced.
Passage upstream portion cross-sectional area is less, it is possible to increase neutral gas density, and permanent magnet is thicker herein, and magnetic field intensity is higher, it is possible to being adequately ionized of the electrically realized neutral gas of operative constraint, therefore, it is possible to improve the ionization rate that thruster is overall.And at passages downstream, cross-sectional area is bigger, the ion produced after electron ionization neutral gas accelerates in ejection process under axial electric field effect, the probability collided with channel wall can be reduced, it is thus possible to reduce the corrosion of ion pair wall, extend the thruster life-span, and reduce wall surface temperature, it is ensured that permanent magnet operating temperature is reliable.It is gradually reduced additionally, channel interior magnetic field intensity is from upstream to outlet, it is also possible to ion magnetization degree is gradually lowered, reduces the ion radial velocity component caused by magnetic field further.And after exit magnetic field weakens, it is also possible to reducing plume district magnetic field intensity, magnetic field, plume district is more weak, and the plume angle of divergence also can be more little, and this can reduce the thruster impact on solar array etc..It is more conducive to electronics after plume district field weakening simultaneously and enters passage smoothly, ignition voltage can be reduced, it is prevented that export the formation of additional ionized region, effectively guide ionized region upstream high neutral gas density region to move, realize efficiently separating of ionized region and accelerating region, improve thruster entirety acceleration efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster channel design overall structure figure；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the variable cross-section pottery passage described in detailed description of the invention one；
Fig. 3 is the variable cross-section magnetic field configuration figure that the permanent magnet described in detailed description of the invention one is constituted；
Fig. 4 is variable section channel cusped magnetic field plasma thruster installation diagram；
Fig. 5 is cusped magnetic field plasma thruster operation principle schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: illustrate present embodiment referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 3, the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in present embodiment, this passage is built by pottery passage and permanent magnet,
Described pottery passage is integrated part structure, is divided into passage upstream part and passages downstream part two sections,
This one piece configuration is from passage upstream part to the channel design of passages downstream part flaring, and the outside wall surface of this pottery passage is used for realizing matched in clearance with permanent magnet internal face,
It is 0 ° to 20 ° that passage upstream part expands angle range, and it is 10 ° to 30 ° that passages downstream part expands angle range.
In present embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, pottery passage and permanent magnet are flaring pattern, and pottery passage is from upstream to that cross-section downstream is long-pending to be gradually increased, and it is less that its upstream portions U expands angle, and it is bigger that downstream part D expands angle.
Detailed description of the invention two: illustrate present embodiment with reference to Fig. 4, present embodiment is that the variable section channel structure to a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in detailed description of the invention one is described further, in present embodiment, permanent magnet includes 1, two grades of permanent magnets 2 of one-level permanent magnet and three grades of permanent magnets 3, and 1, two grades of permanent magnets 2 of one-level permanent magnet and three grades of permanent magnets 3 set gradually from passages downstream to upstream；Three permanent magnets all magnetize vertically, and the magnetizing direction of adjacent two block permanent magnets is contrary；
The outside wall surface of one-level permanent magnet 1 internal face and passages downstream part realizes matched in clearance, and the length of one-level permanent magnet 1 is identical with the axial length of passages downstream part,
The outside wall surface of two grades of permanent magnet 2 internal faces and three grades of permanent magnet 3 internal faces and passage upstream part realizes matched in clearance, and two grades of permanent magnets 2 are identical with the axial length of passage upstream part with the length sum of three grades of permanent magnets 3,
One-level permanent magnet 1 and two grades of permanent magnets 2 are connected by the first magnetic conductor 7-1, and two grades of permanent magnets 2 are connected by the second magnetic conductor 7-2 with three grades of permanent magnets 3.
In present embodiment, variable cross-section magnetic field configuration is made up of three grades of rare earth permanent magnet shirt cobalt 2:17 permanent magnets, and 2:17 is the model of rare earth permanent magnet shirt cobalt, adjacent two-stage permanent magnet opposite polarity.Three grades of permanent magnet middle outlet level permanent magnets 1 are the longest, are magnetic conductor 7 between two permanent magnets, in order to increase tip region, can reduce the repulsion between permanent magnet, convenient installation simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention three: present embodiment is that the variable section channel structure to a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in detailed description of the invention one is described further, in present embodiment, the material of pottery passage is boron nitride ceramics, wall thickness is 2mm, the minimum diameter of passage upstream part is 15mm, exit inside diameter is 47mm, and it is 13 ° that passage upstream part expands angle, and it is 22 ° that passages downstream part expands angle.
In present embodiment, passage upstream part U axial length and two grades of permanent magnets 2 and three grades of permanent magnet 3 total lengths are identical, passages downstream part D axial length is identical with one-level permanent magnet 1 length, and namely passage two expands the separating surface second magnetic tip corresponding to magnetic field configuration at angle.Pottery channel wall thickness is uniform, is 2mm, and wall thickness is too thin, can reduce the thruster life-span, and wall thickness is too thick, can reduce the effect of Magnetic Mirror Effect, the interaction of aggravation plasma and wall equally.
Detailed description of the invention four: present embodiment is that the variable section channel structure to a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in detailed description of the invention one is described further, in present embodiment, permanent magnet is made up of rare earth permanent magnet shirt cobalt 2:17, permanent magnet minimum diameter is 20mm, maximum inner diameter is 52mm, permanent magnet maximum outside diameter is 62mm, and the strongest magnetic induction that permanent magnet produces in pottery passage is 0.5T.
In present embodiment, permanent magnet radial dimension is determined according to actual thrust device declared working condition, and for 500W small-power cusped magnetic field thruster, permanent magnet upstream minimum diameter is 20mm, and outlet minimum diameter is 52mm.And permanent magnet external diameter can carry out particular design, it is not necessary to identical, outlet magnetic separating surface AB should being made to be perpendicular to passage axis, the most high-intensity magnetic field intensity in tip can reach 0.5T as far as possible.In Fig. 3, permanent magnet maximum outside diameter is 62mm.
Detailed description of the invention five: present embodiment is that the variable section channel structure to a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in detailed description of the invention one is described further, and in present embodiment, the magnetic separating surface of channel outlet is perpendicular to passage axis.
In present embodiment, passage upstream little expansion angle part axial length is identical with the total length of upstream two-stage permanent magnet, great Kuo angle part, downstream axial length is identical with downstream one-level permanent magnet length, and the interface that namely ceramic passage two expands angle is positioned at second magnetic tip location of field bit.
Detailed description of the invention six: present embodiment is that the variable section channel structure to a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster described in detailed description of the invention one is described further, in present embodiment, the gap that the outside wall surface of pottery passage is formed after coordinating with permanent magnet internal face is 0.5mm.
Referring to Fig. 4, the assembling process of variable section channel cusped magnetic field plasma thruster is illustrated, when assembling thruster, in shell 4, be first sequentially loaded into 1, two grades of permanent magnets 2 of one-level permanent magnet and three grades of permanent magnets 3 and corresponding magnetic conduction ferrum.Due to opposite polarity between adjacent permanent magnets in three grades of permanent magnets, there is between permanent magnet very big repulsive force, therefore need after loading permanent magnet the bolt using M4 immediately by thruster end cap 5 with shell 4 compact siro spinning technology with fixing permanent magnet.Loading inside permanent magnet by variable cross-section pottery passage 8 afterwards, the base section of pottery passage 8 embeds in end cap 5 with fixing pottery passage.Finally anode 6 is inserted pottery passage 8 internal, tapped on the conduit of anode 6, by nut, anode 6 is fixed up with pottery passage 8, thruster end cap 5, thus completing the assembling of whole variable section channel cusped magnetic field thruster.
As it is shown in figure 5, the work process of variable section channel cusped magnetic field plasma thruster and principle:
Thruster channel outlet hollow cathode 9 arranged above, the xenon flow of 3sccm is provided to hollow cathode 9, after 8A electric current continuous heating 5 minutes, start normal operation and discharge electronics, thering is provided 5-10sccm xenon flow to anode 6, now electronics is spinned along the magnetic line of force after the seizure of the plume district magnetic line of force and is moved and enter into channel interior simultaneously.After entering into channel interior, electronics is subject to the constraint of Magnetic Mirror Effect, being difficult to arrive wall, electronics will do lasting reciprocating screw along the magnetic line of force and move, until colliding with neutral gas atoms, after destroying original balance, electronics conducts to anode, eventually arrives at anode and realizes whole discharge process.And the ion ionizing generation is far longer than electronics due to quality, magnetize hardly, will not be fettered by the magnetic line of force such that it is able to ejection forms thrust under axial electric field acceleration.
Variable section channel design principle:
The ionization process of cusped magnetic field plasma thruster occurs mainly in passage upstream part, in Fig. 5 shown in elliptic region, but main potential drop concentrates near channel outlet magnetic separating surface AB, this makes the ion that upstream ionization produces mainly complete to accelerate in channel outlet.The separation of ionized region and accelerating region makes ion have significantly high acceleration efficiency, and electric field energy is almost entirely used for accelerating ion.But ion produces in backward channel exit movement process in passage upstream part, and owing to channel interior electric field is more weak, ion is difficult to spray vertically, and this allows for ion and is being likely to collide with wall cause energy loss in exit movement process.Additionally, it is exactly ionization rate deficiency that small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster one compares distinct issues.Neutral gas density is the principal element affecting ionization rate.In order to increase ionization rate, it is necessary to improve the neutral gas density near ionized region.Therefore, the present invention proposes the variable section channel of a kind of flaring type.This variable section channel reduces cross-sectional area in passage upstream part, improve the neutral gas density of upstream ionized region, increase cross-sectional area simultaneously in downstream, reduce the probability collided with wall in ion ejection process, it is achieved thereby that the beneficial effect killed two birds with one stone.
Claims (6)
1. the variable section channel structure of a small-power cusped magnetic field plasma thruster, it is characterised in that this passage is built by pottery passage and permanent magnet,
Described pottery passage is integrated part structure, is divided into passage upstream part and passages downstream part two sections,
This one piece configuration is from passage upstream part to the channel design of passages downstream part flaring, and the outside wall surface of this pottery passage is used for realizing matched in clearance with permanent magnet internal face,
It is 0 ° to 20 ° that passage upstream part expands angle range, and it is 10 ° to 30 ° that passages downstream part expands angle range.
2. the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field according to claim 1 plasma thruster, it is characterized in that, permanent magnet includes one-level permanent magnet (1), two grades of permanent magnets (2) and three grades of permanent magnets (3), and one-level permanent magnet (1), two grades of permanent magnets (2) and three grades of permanent magnets (3) set gradually from passages downstream to upstream；Three permanent magnets all magnetize vertically, and the magnetizing direction of adjacent two block permanent magnets is contrary；
The outside wall surface of one-level permanent magnet (1) internal face and passages downstream part realizes matched in clearance, and the length of one-level permanent magnet (1) is identical with the axial length of passages downstream part,
The outside wall surface of two grades of permanent magnet (2) internal faces and three grades of permanent magnet (3) internal faces and passage upstream part realizes matched in clearance, and two grades of permanent magnets (2) are identical with the axial length of passage upstream part with the length sum of three grades of permanent magnets (3)
One-level permanent magnet (1) and two grades of permanent magnets (2) are connected by the first magnetic conductor (7-1), and two grades of permanent magnets (2) are connected by the second magnetic conductor (7-2) with three grades of permanent magnets (3).
3. the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field according to claim 1 plasma thruster, it is characterized in that, the material of pottery passage is boron nitride ceramics, wall thickness is 2mm, the minimum diameter of passage upstream part is 15mm, exit inside diameter is 47mm, and it is 13 ° that passage upstream part expands angle, and it is 22 ° that passages downstream part expands angle.
4. the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field according to claim 1 plasma thruster, it is characterized in that, permanent magnet is made up of rare earth permanent magnet shirt cobalt 2: 17, permanent magnet minimum diameter is 20mm, maximum inner diameter is 52mm, permanent magnet maximum outside diameter is 62mm, and the strongest magnetic induction that permanent magnet produces in pottery passage is 0.5T.
5. the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field according to claim 1 plasma thruster, it is characterised in that the magnetic separating surface of channel outlet is perpendicular to passage axis.
6. the variable section channel structure of a kind of small-power cusped magnetic field according to claim 1 plasma thruster, it is characterised in that the gap that the outside wall surface of pottery passage is formed after coordinating with permanent magnet internal face is 0.5mm.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106382195A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-02-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cusp field-Hall combined thruster |
| CN107387348A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of a wide range of adjustable plasma microthruster using solid working medium |
| CN108005868A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of anode-cold air thruster combining air feeding cusped magnetic field plasma thruster |
| DE102017204590B3 (en) | 2017-03-20 | 2018-08-02 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Cusp-field engine |
| CN108612636A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hall thruster suitable for the work of wide parameter area |
| CN109707584A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of cylindrical hall thruster of variable section channel configuration |
| CN109899262A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-18 | 金群英 | A kind of cusped magnetic field plasma thruster |
| CN111173698A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Liquid working medium plasma thruster based on microwave enhancement |
| CN111237149A (en) * | 2020-02-23 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | micro-Newton-level ion propulsion device of vortex resonance multi-stage cusped field |
| CN114294192A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Annular permanent magnet of Hall thruster |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106382195B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The combined thruster of cusp field-Hall |
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| CN107387348B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2019-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of a wide range of adjustable plasma microthruster using solid working medium |
| CN107387348A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of a wide range of adjustable plasma microthruster using solid working medium |
| CN108005868A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of anode-cold air thruster combining air feeding cusped magnetic field plasma thruster |
| CN108612636A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hall thruster suitable for the work of wide parameter area |
| CN108612636B (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2019-08-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hall thruster suitable for the work of wide parameter area |
| CN111173698A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-05-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Liquid working medium plasma thruster based on microwave enhancement |
| CN109899262A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-06-18 | 金群英 | A kind of cusped magnetic field plasma thruster |
| CN109707584A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of cylindrical hall thruster of variable section channel configuration |
| CN109707584B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-06-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cylindrical Hall thruster with variable cross-section channel structure |
| CN111237149A (en) * | 2020-02-23 | 2020-06-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | micro-Newton-level ion propulsion device of vortex resonance multi-stage cusped field |
| CN114294192A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Annular permanent magnet of Hall thruster |
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